New American Standard Bible 2020

Exodus 22

Property Rights

1“Ifכִּ֤יkiH3588someoneאִישׁ֙'ishH376stealsיִגְנֹֽב־yig.nov-H1589an oxשׁ֣וֹרShorH7794orאוֹ־'ov-H176a sheepשֶׂ֔הSehH7716and slaughtersוּטְבָח֖וֹu.te.va.ChoH2873it orא֣וֹ'oH176sellsמְכָר֑וֹme.kha.RoH4376it, he shall payיְשַׁלֵּם֙ye.sha.LemH7999fiveחֲמִשָּׁ֣הcha.mi.ShahH2568oxenבָקָ֗רva.KarH1241for the oxהַשּׁ֔וֹרha.ShorH7794andfourוְאַרְבַּע־ve.'ar.ba'-H702sheepצֹ֖אןtzonH6629for the sheepהַשֶּֽׂה׃ha.SehH7716--

2IfH518thethiefהַגַּנָּ֖בha.ga.NavH1590iscaughtיִמָּצֵ֥אyi.ma.Tze'H4672whilebreakingבַּמַּחְתֶּ֛רֶתba.mach.Te.retH4290inH4290and is struckוְהֻכָּ֣הve.hu.KahH5221so that he diesוָמֵ֑תva.MetH4191,thereH369willH369beH369noH369guiltH1818forH1818bloodshedH1818on his account.

3IfH518the sunהַשֶּׁ֛מֶשׁha.She.meshH8121has risenזָרְחָ֥הza.re.ChahH2224on him, there will beguiltH1818forH1818bloodshedH1818on his account--A thiefshall certainlyשַׁלֵּ֣םsha.LemH7999makeיְשַׁלֵּ֔םye.sha.LemH7999restitutionיְשַׁלֵּֽם׃ סye.sha.LemH7999;ifH518he owns nothingאֵ֣ין'einH369, then he shall besoldוְנִמְכַּ֖רve.nim.KarH4376for his theftH1591.

4Ifאִֽם־'im-H518whatH1591he stoleH1591is actuallyהִמָּצֵא֩hi.ma.Tze'H4672foundתִמָּצֵ֨אti.ma.Tze'H4672aliveחַיִּ֑יםchai.YimH2416in hispossessionבְיָד֜וֹve.ya.DoH3027,whetherH4480an oxמִשּׁ֧וֹרmi.ShorH7794orעַד־'ad-H5704a donkeyחֲמ֛וֹרcha.MorH2543orעַד־'ad-H5704a sheepשֶׂ֖הsehH7716,he shall payH7999doubleשְׁנַ֖יִםshe.Na.yimH8147.

5“IfH3588someoneאִישׁ֙'ishH376lets a fieldH7704orH176vineyardכֶ֔רֶםKhe.remH3754be grazedH1197bareand letsH7971his animalבְּעִיר֔וֹbe.'i.roH1165looseH7971so that it grazesH1197in anotherH312person’sאַחֵ֑ר'a.CherH312fieldH7704,he shall makeH7999restitutionH7999from the bestמֵיטַ֥בmei.TavH4315of his own fieldH7704and the bestוּמֵיטַ֥בu.mei.TavH4315of his own vineyardכַּרְמ֖וֹkar.MoH3754.

6“IfH3588a fireאֵ֜שׁ'eshH784breaksH3318outH3318and spreadsוּמָצְאָ֤הu.ma.tze.'AhH4672toיִמָּצֵ֥אyi.ma.Tze'H4672thornH6975bushesH6975,and stackedגָּדִ֔ישׁga.DishH1430grain orH176the standingהַקָּמָ֖הha.ka.MahH7054grainH7054orH176the fieldהַשָּׂדֶ֑הha.sa.DehH7704itselfis consumedוְנֶאֱכַ֣לve.ne.'e.KhalH398,the one who startedהַמַּבְעִ֖רha.mav.'IrH1197the fireהַבְּעֵרָֽה׃ סha.be.'e.RahH1200mustשַׁלֵּ֣םsha.LemH7999makeיְשַׁלֵּ֔םye.sha.LemH7999restitutionיְשַׁלֵּ֥םye.sha.LemH7999.

7“Ifכִּֽי־ki-H3588someoneאִ֨ישׁ'ishH376givesיִתֵּן֩yi.TenH5414his neighborH7453moneyכֶּ֤סֶףKe.sefH3701orאֽוֹ־'ov-H176goodsכֵלִים֙khe.LimH3627to keepלִשְׁמֹ֔רlish.MorH8104for himand it is stolenוְגֻנַּ֖בve.gu.NavH1589from theneighbor’sהָאִ֑ישׁha.'IshH376houseH1004,ifH518the thiefH1590iscaughtH4672, then the thiefshall payיְשַׁלֵּ֥םye.sha.LemH7999doubleשְׁנָֽיִם׃she.Na.yimH8147.

8Ifאִם־'im-H518the thiefהַגַּנָּ֔בha.ga.NavH1590is notcaughtיִמָּצֵא֙yi.ma.Tze'H4672,then the ownerבַּֽעַל־ba.'al-H1167of the houseהַבַּ֖יִתha.Ba.yitH1004shallappearוְנִקְרַ֥בve.nik.RavH7126beforeאֶל־'el-H413the judgesH430, to determinewhetherאִם־'im-H518 H3808helaidשָׁלַ֛חsha.LachH7971his handsיָד֖וֹya.DoH3027on his neighbor’sH7453propertyבִּמְלֶ֥אכֶתbim.Le.khetH4399.

9For everyH3605breachH6588ofH6588trustH6588, whether it isfor oxH7794,for donkeyH2543,for sheepH7716,for clothingשַׂלְמָ֜הsal.MahH8008, orfor anyH3605lostH9thingאֲבֵדָ֗ה'a.ve.DahH9about whichאֲשֶׁ֤ר'a.SherH834one saysיֹאמַר֙yo.MarH559, ‘Thisזֶ֔הZehH2088is it,’ thecaseH1697of bothשְׁנֵיהֶ֑םshe.nei.HemH8147parties shall comeיָבֹ֖אya.Vo'H935beforeעַ֚ד'adH5704the judgesהָֽאֱלֹהִ֔יםha.'E.lo.HimH430;he whomאֲשֶׁ֤ר'a.SherH834the judgesאֱלֹהִ֔ים'E.lo.HimH430condemnיַרְשִׁיעֻן֙yar.shi.'UnH7561shall payיְשַׁלֵּ֥םye.sha.LemH7999doubleשְׁנַ֖יִםshe.Na.yimH8147to his neighborH7453.

10“Ifכִּֽי־ki-H3588someoneאִ֨ישׁ'ishH376givesיִתֵּן֩yi.TenH5414his neighborH7453a donkeyחֲמ֨וֹרcha.MorH2543,an oxשׁ֥וֹרShorH7794,a sheepשֶׂ֛הsehH7716,orH176anyוְכָל־ve.kholH3605animalבְּהֵמָ֖הbe.he.MahH929to keepלִשְׁמֹ֑רlish.MorH8104for him,and it diesוּמֵ֛תu.MetH4191orH176is injuredנִשְׁבַּ֥רnish.BarH7665orH176is drivenH7617awayH7617while noH369oneH369is lookingרֹאֶֽה׃ro.'EhH7200,

11anoathשְׁבֻעַ֣תshe.vu.'AtH7621before the Lordיְהוָ֗הYah.wehH3068shall betakenתִּהְיֶה֙tih.YehH1961by the twoשְׁנֵיהֶ֔םshe.nei.HemH8147of them that he has notlaidשָׁלַ֛חsha.LachH7971a handיָד֖וֹya.DoH3027on his neighbor’sרֵעֵ֑הוּre.'E.huH7453propertyבִּמְלֶ֣אכֶתbim.Le.khetH4399;and its ownerH1167shall acceptוְלָקַ֥חve.la.KachH3947it, and he shall not be compelled tomakeיְשַׁלֵּ֖םye.sha.LemH7999restitutionיְשַׁלֵּֽם׃ye.sha.LemH7999.

12But ifH518it is actuallyגָּנֹ֥בga.NoH1589stolenיִגָּנֵ֖בyi.ga.NevH1589from him, he shall makeיְשַׁלֵּ֖םye.sha.LemH7999restitutionיְשַׁלֵּֽם׃ פye.sha.LemH7999to its ownerלִבְעָלָֽיו׃liv.'a.LavH1167.

13Ifאִם־'im-H518it is all tornH2963toH2963piecesH2963,have him bringיְבִאֵ֣הוּye.vi.'E.huH935it as evidenceעֵ֑ד'EdH5707; he shall not be compelled tomakeH7999restitutionH7999for what has been tornהַטְּרֵפָ֖הha.te.re.FahH2966to pieces.

14“And ifוְכִֽי־ve.khi-H3588someoneאִ֛ישׁ'ishH376borrowsיִשְׁאַ֥לyish.'AlH7592an animalfrom his neighborרֵעֵ֖הוּre.'E.huH7453,and it is injuredוְנִשְׁבַּ֣רve.nish.BarH7665orאוֹ־'ov-H176diesמֵ֑תMetH4191while its ownerH1167is not with it, he shall makeיְשַׁלֵּ֑םye.sha.LemH7999fullשַׁלֵּ֥םsha.LemH7999restitutionיְשַׁלֵּֽם׃ye.sha.LemH7999.

15Ifאִם־'im-H518its ownerבְּעָלָ֥יוbe.'a.LavH1167is with it, the borrower shall not be compelled tomakeיְשַׁלֵּ֑םye.sha.LemH7999restitutionH7999.Ifאִם־'im-H518it is hiredשָׂכִ֣ירsa.KhirH7916, itcameבָּ֖אba'H935by its hireבִּשְׂכָרֽוֹ׃ סbis.kha.RoH7939.

Various Laws

16“Ifוְכִֽי־ve.khi-H3588a manאִ֗ישׁ'IshH376seducesיְפַתֶּ֣הye.fa.TehH6601a virginH1330whoאֲשֶׁ֥ר'a.SherH834is notbetrothedאֹרָ֖שָׂה'o.Ra.sahH781and sleepsוְשָׁכַ֣בve.sha.KhavH7901with her, he must payH4117aH4117dowryH4117for her to behis wifeלְאִשָּֽׁה׃le.'i.ShahH802.

17Ifאִם־'im-H518her fatherאָבִ֖יהָ'a.Vi.haH1absolutelyמָאֵ֧ןma.'EnH3985refusesיְמָאֵ֛ןye.ma.'EnH3985to giveלְתִתָּ֣הּle.ti.TahH5414her to him, he shallpayיִשְׁקֹ֔לyish.KolH8254moneyכֶּ֣סֶףKe.sefH3701equal to thedowryכְּמֹ֖הַרke.Mo.harH4119for virginsהַבְּתוּלֹֽת׃ סha.be.tu.LotH1330.

18“You shall not allow asorceressמְכַשֵּׁפָ֖הme.kha.she.FahH3784to liveתְחַיֶּֽה׃ סte.chai.YehH2421.

19“Whoeverכָּל־kol-H3605hasH7901sexualH7901intercourseH7901with an animalבְּהֵמָ֖הbe.he.MahH929mustH4191be putH4191toH4191deathH4191.

20“He who sacrificesזֹבֵ֥חַzo.Ve.achH2076toany godלָאֱלֹהִ֖יםla.'E.lo.HimH430,otherH1115thanH1115to the Lordלַיהוָ֖הla.Yah.wehH3068aloneלְבַדּֽוֹ׃le.va.DoH905, shall beutterlyH2763destroyedH2763.

21“You shall not oppressתוֹנֶ֖הto.NehH3238a strangerוְגֵ֥רve.GerH1616nor tormentתִלְחָצֶ֑נּוּtil.cha.Tze.nuH3905him, for you were strangersגֵרִ֥יםge.RimH1616in the landבְּאֶ֥רֶץbe.'E.retzH776of Egyptמִצְרָֽיִם׃mitz.Ra.yimH4714.

22You shall not oppressH6031anyכָּל־kol-H3605widowאַלְמָנָ֥ה'al.ma.NahH490or orphanוְיָת֖וֹםve.ya.TomH3490.

23Ifאִם־'im-H518you oppressH6031him atH6031allH6031, andifאִם־'im-H518he does cryצָעֹ֤קtza.'OkH6817outיִצְעַק֙yitz.'AkH6817to Me,I will assuredlyשָׁמֹ֥עַsha.Mo.a'H8085hearאֶשְׁמַ֖ע'esh.Ma'H8085his cryצַעֲקָתֽוֹ׃tza.'a.ka.ToH6818;

24and My angerאַפִּ֔י'a.PiH639will be kindledוְחָרָ֣הve.cha.RahH2734,and I will killוְהָרַגְתִּ֥יve.ha.rag.TiH2026you with the swordבֶּחָ֑רֶבbe.Cha.revH2719,and your wivesנְשֵׁיכֶם֙ne.shei.KhemH802shall becomeH1961widowsאַלְמָנ֔וֹת'al.ma.NotH490and your childrenוּבְנֵיכֶ֖םu.ve.nei.KhemH1121fatherlessיְתֹמִֽים׃ פye.to.MimH3490.

25“IfH518you lendתַּלְוֶ֣הtal.VehH3867moneyכֶּ֣סֶף׀Ke.sefH3701to My peopleעַמִּ֗י'a.MiH5971,to the poorהֶֽעָנִי֙he.'a.NiH6041amongעִמָּ֔ךְ'i.MakhH5973you, you are not toactתִהְיֶ֥הtih.YehH1961as a creditorכְּנֹשֶׁ֑הke.no.ShehH5383to him; you shall notchargeתְשִׂימ֥וּן עָלָ֖יוte.si.Mun 'a.LavH7760 H5921himinterestנֶֽשֶׁךְ׃Ne.shekhH5392.

26Ifאִם־'im-H518you everH2254seizeH2254your neighbor’sרֵעֶ֑ךָre.'E.khaH7453cloakשַׂלְמַ֣תsal.MatH8008asH2254aH2254pledgeH2254,you are to returnתְּשִׁיבֶ֥נּוּte.shi.Ve.nuH7725it to him beforeעַד־'ad-H5704the sunהַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁha.She.meshH8121setsבֹּ֥אbo'H935,

27for that is his onlyלְבַדָּ֔הּle.va.DahH905coveringכְסוּתוֹ֙khe.su.toH3682;it is his cloakשִׂמְלָת֖וֹsim.la.ToH8071for hisbodyלְעֹר֑וֹle.'o.RoH5785.Whatבַּמֶּ֣הba.MehH4100else is he to sleepיִשְׁכָּ֔בyish.KavH7901in? And it will comeH1961aboutH1961thatwhenH3588he criesיִצְעַ֣קyitz.'AkH6817outH6817to Me, I will listenוְשָׁמַעְתִּ֖יve.sha.ma'.TiH8085to him, forI am graciousחַנּ֥וּןcha.NunH2587.

28“You shall notcurseתְקַלֵּ֑לte.ka.LelH7043Godאֱלֹהִ֖ים'E.lo.HimH430,norH3808curseתָאֹֽר׃ta.'OrH779a rulerוְנָשִׂ֥יאve.na.Si'H5387of your peopleבְעַמְּךָ֖ve.'a.me.KhaH5971.

29“You shall not holdH309backH309the offering fromyour entireH4395harvestH4395and yourwineוְדִמְעֲךָ֖ve.dim.'a.KhaH1831.The firstbornבְּכ֥וֹרbe.KhorH1060of your sonsבָּנֶ֖יךָba.Nei.khaH1121you shall giveH5414to Me.

30You shall doתַּעֲשֶׂ֥הta.'a.SehH6213the sameכֵּֽן־ken-H3651with your oxenלְשֹׁרְךָ֖le.sho.re.KhaH7794andwith your sheepלְצֹאנֶ֑ךָle.tzo.Ne.khaH6629.It shall be with its motherאִמּ֔וֹ'i.MoH517for sevenשִׁבְעַ֤תshiv.'AtH7651daysיָמִים֙ya.MimH3117;on the eighthהַשְּׁמִינִ֖יha.she.mi.NiH8066dayבַּיּ֥וֹםbai.YomH3117you shall giveתִּתְּנוֹ־ti.te.nov-H5414it to Me.

31“You shall be holyקֹ֖דֶשׁKo.deshH6944peopleH376to Me, thereforeyou shall not eatתֹאכֵ֔לוּto.Khe.luH398anyfleshוּבָשָׂ֨רu.va.SarH1320tornטְרֵפָה֙te.re.FahH2966toH2966piecesH2966in the fieldבַּשָּׂדֶ֤הba.sa.DehH7704;you shall throwתַּשְׁלִכ֥וּןtash.li.KhunH7993it to the dogsלַכֶּ֖לֶבla.Ke.levH3611.

Property Rights

Various Laws

Commentaries on Exodus 22