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Exodus 22
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New American Standard Bible 2020

Exodus 22

Property Rights

1“1If someone steals an ox or a sheep and slaughters it or sells it, he shall pay five oxen for the ox and 2four sheep for the sheep-- 23If the 4thief is 5caught while 6breaking in and is struck so that he dies, there will be no guilt for bloodshed on his account. 3If the sun has risen on him, there will be guilt for bloodshed on his account--A thief shall certainly make restitution; if he owns nothing, then he shall be 7sold for his theft. 4If what he stole is actually found alive in his 8possession, whether an ox or a donkey or a sheep, 9he shall pay double.

5“If someone lets a field or vineyard be grazed bare and lets his animal loose so that it grazes in another person’s field, he shall make restitution from the best of his own field and the best of his own vineyard.

6“If a fire breaks out and spreads to thorn bushes, and stacked grain or the standing grain or the field itself is consumed, the one who started the fire must make restitution.

7“10If someone gives his neighbor money or goods to keep for him and it is stolen from the 11neighbor’s house, if the thief is 12caught, then the thief shall pay double. 8If the thief is not 13caught, then the owner of the house shall 14appear before 1516the judges, to determine whether he 17laid his hands on his neighbor’s property. 9For every 18breach of trust, whether it is for ox, for donkey, for sheep, for clothing, or for any lost thing about which one says, ‘This is it,’ the 19case of both parties shall come before 2021the judges; he whom 22the judges condemn shall pay double to his neighbor.

10“If someone gives his neighbor a donkey, an ox, a sheep, or any animal to keep for him, and it dies or is injured or is driven away while no one is looking, 11an 23oath before the Lord shall be 24taken by the two of them 25that he has not 26laid a hand on his neighbor’s property; and its owner shall accept it, and he shall not be compelled to make restitution. 12But if it is actually stolen from him, he shall make restitution to its owner. 13If it is all torn to pieces, have him bring it as evidence; he shall not be compelled to make restitution for what has been torn to pieces.

14“And if someone 27borrows an animal from his neighbor, and it is injured or dies while its owner is not with it, he shall make full restitution. 15If its owner is with it, the borrower shall not be compelled to make restitution. If it is hired, it 28came by its hire.

Various Laws

16“29If a man seduces a virgin who is not 30betrothed and sleeps with her, he must pay a 31dowry for her to be his wife. 17If her father absolutely refuses to give her to him, he shall 32pay money equal to the 33dowry for virgins.

18“You shall not allow a 34sorceress to live.

19“35Whoever has sexual intercourse with an animal must be put to death.

20“36He who sacrifices to 37any god, other than to the Lord alone, shall be 38utterly destroyed.

21“39You shall not oppress a stranger nor torment him, for you were strangers in the land of Egypt. 2240You shall not oppress any widow or orphan. 23If you oppress him at all, and 41if he does cry out to Me, 42I will assuredly hear his cry; 24and My anger will be kindled, and I will kill you with the sword, 43and your wives shall become widows and your children fatherless.

25“44If you lend money to My people, to the poor 45among you, you are not to 46act as a creditor to him; you shall not 47charge him 48interest. 26If you ever seize your neighbor’s cloak 49as a pledge, you are to return it to him before the sun sets, 27for that is his only covering; it is his cloak for his 50body. What else is he to sleep in? And it will come about that 51when he cries out to Me, I will listen to him, for 52I am gracious.

28“You shall not 5354curse God, 55nor curse a ruler of your people.

29“56You shall not hold back the offering from your entire harvest and your 57wine. 58The firstborn of your sons you shall give to Me. 3059You shall do the same with your oxen and with your sheep. It shall be with its mother for seven days; 60on the eighth day you shall give it to Me.

31“61You shall be holy people to Me, therefore 62you shall not eat any flesh torn to pieces in the field; you shall throw it to the dogs.

Notes

  1. 1. Exodus 22:1 Ch 21:37 in Heb ↩
  2. 2. Exodus 22:1 2 Sam 12:6; Luke 19:8 ↩
  3. 3. Exodus 22:2 Ch 22:1 in Heb ↩
  4. 4. Exodus 22:2 Matt 6:19; 24:43; 1 Pet 4:15 ↩
  5. 5. Exodus 22:2 Lit found ↩
  6. 6. Exodus 22:2 I.e., at night; cf. v 3 ↩
  7. 7. Exodus 22:3 Matt 18:25 ↩
  8. 8. Exodus 22:4 Lit hand ↩
  9. 9. Exodus 22:4 Ex 22:7 ↩
  10. 10. Exodus 22:7 Lev 6:1-7 ↩
  11. 11. Exodus 22:7 Lit man’s ↩
  12. 12. Exodus 22:7 Lit found ↩
  13. 13. Exodus 22:8 Lit found ↩
  14. 14. Exodus 22:8 Lit approach to ↩
  15. 15. Exodus 22:8 Or God ↩
  16. 16. Exodus 22:8 Ex 22:9; Deut 17:8, 9; 19:17 ↩
  17. 17. Exodus 22:8 Lit stretched his hand ↩
  18. 18. Exodus 22:9 Or matter of wrongdoing ↩
  19. 19. Exodus 22:9 Lit matter ↩
  20. 20. Exodus 22:9 Or God ↩
  21. 21. Exodus 22:9 Ex 22:8, 28; Deut 25:1 ↩
  22. 22. Exodus 22:9 Or God ↩
  23. 23. Exodus 22:11 Heb 6:16 ↩
  24. 24. Exodus 22:11 Lit between the two ↩
  25. 25. Exodus 22:11 Lit if ↩
  26. 26. Exodus 22:11 Lit reached out his hand ↩
  27. 27. Exodus 22:14 Lit asks ↩
  28. 28. Exodus 22:15 I.e., the fee covers the loss ↩
  29. 29. Exodus 22:16 Deut 22:28, 29 ↩
  30. 30. Exodus 22:16 A betrothed couple was considered legally married, but did not yet live together ↩
  31. 31. Exodus 22:16 I.e., bride-price ↩
  32. 32. Exodus 22:17 Lit weigh out silver ↩
  33. 33. Exodus 22:17 Gen 34:12; 1 Sam 18:25 ↩
  34. 34. Exodus 22:18 Lev 19:31; 20:6, 27; Deut 18:10, 11; 1 Sam 28:3; Jer 27:9, 10 ↩
  35. 35. Exodus 22:19 Lev 18:23; 20:15, 16; Deut 27:21 ↩
  36. 36. Exodus 22:20 Ex 32:8; 34:15; Lev 17:7; Num 25:2; Deut 17:2, 3, 5; 1 Kin 18:40; 2 Kin 10:25 ↩
  37. 37. Exodus 22:20 Lit the gods ↩
  38. 38. Exodus 22:20 Lit put under the ban ↩
  39. 39. Exodus 22:21 Ex 23:9; Lev 19:33, 34; 25:35; Deut 1:16; 10:19; 27:19; Zech 7:10 ↩
  40. 40. Exodus 22:22 Deut 24:17, 18; Prov 23:10, 11; Jer 7:6, 7 ↩
  41. 41. Exodus 22:23 Deut 15:9; Job 35:9; Luke 18:7 ↩
  42. 42. Exodus 22:23 Deut 10:18; Job 34:28; Ps 10:14, 17, 18; 18:6; 68:5; James 5:4 ↩
  43. 43. Exodus 22:24 Ps 109:2, 9 ↩
  44. 44. Exodus 22:25 Lev 25:35-37; Deut 15:7-11 ↩
  45. 45. Exodus 22:25 Lit with ↩
  46. 46. Exodus 22:25 Lit be ↩
  47. 47. Exodus 22:25 Lit lay upon ↩
  48. 48. Exodus 22:25 Deut 23:19, 20; Neh 5:7; Ps 15:5; Ezek 18:8 ↩
  49. 49. Exodus 22:26 Deut 24:6, 10-13; Job 24:3; Prov 20:16; Amos 2:8 ↩
  50. 50. Exodus 22:27 Lit skin ↩
  51. 51. Exodus 22:27 Ex 22:23 ↩
  52. 52. Exodus 22:27 Ex 34:6 ↩
  53. 53. Exodus 22:28 Or revile ↩
  54. 54. Exodus 22:28 Lev 24:15, 16 ↩
  55. 55. Exodus 22:28 Eccl 10:20; Acts 23:5 ↩
  56. 56. Exodus 22:29 Ex 23:16, 19; Deut 26:2-11; Prov 3:9 ↩
  57. 57. Exodus 22:29 Lit juice ↩
  58. 58. Exodus 22:29 Ex 13:2, 12 ↩
  59. 59. Exodus 22:30 Deut 15:19; Lev 22:27 ↩
  60. 60. Exodus 22:30 Gen 17:12; Lev 12:3 ↩
  61. 61. Exodus 22:31 Ex 19:6; Lev 11:44; 19:2 ↩
  62. 62. Exodus 22:31 Lev 7:24; 17:15; Ezek 4:14 ↩

Commentaries on Exodus 22

New American Standard Bible 2020 — © 1960–2020 The Lockman Foundation. All rights reserved.