Revised Literal Translation

Exodus 22

1If a manאִישׁ֙'ishH376shall stealיִגְנֹֽב־yig.nov-H1589an oxשׁ֣וֹרShorH7794,or a sheepשֶׂ֔הSehH7716,and killוּטְבָח֖וֹu.te.va.ChoH2873it, or sellמְכָר֑וֹme.kha.RoH4376it; he shall restoreיְשַׁלֵּם֙ye.sha.LemH7999fiveחֲמִשָּׁ֣הcha.mi.ShahH2568oxenבָקָ֗רva.KarH1241for an oxהַשּׁ֔וֹרha.ShorH7794,and fourוְאַרְבַּע־ve.'ar.ba'-H702sheepצֹ֖אןtzonH6629for a sheepהַשֶּֽׂה׃ha.SehH7716.

2If a thiefהַגַּנָּ֖בha.ga.NavH1590be foundיִמָּצֵ֥אyi.ma.Tze'H4672breaking upבַּמַּחְתֶּ֛רֶתba.mach.Te.retH4290,and be smittenוְהֻכָּ֣הve.hu.KahH5221that he dieוָמֵ֑תva.MetH4191, there shallno bloodH1818be shed for him.

3If the sunהַשֶּׁ֛מֶשׁha.She.meshH8121be risenזָרְחָ֥הza.re.ChahH2224upon him, there shall bebloodדָּמִ֣יםda.MimH1818shed for him; forhe should make fullH7999restitutionH7999;if he have nothing, then he shall be soldוְנִמְכַּ֖רve.nim.KarH4376for his theftH1591.

4If the theftהַגְּנֵבָ֗הha.ge.ne.VahH1591be certainlyהִמָּצֵא֩hi.ma.Tze'H4672foundתִמָּצֵ֨אti.ma.Tze'H4672in his handבְיָד֜וֹve.ya.DoH3027aliveחַיִּ֑יםchai.YimH2416,whether it be oxמִשּׁ֧וֹרmi.ShorH7794,or donkeyחֲמ֛וֹרcha.MorH2543,or sheepשֶׂ֖הsehH7716;he shall restoreH7999doubleשְׁנַ֖יִםshe.Na.yimH8147.

5If a manאִישׁ֙'ishH376shall cause a fieldH7704or vineyardכֶ֔רֶםKhe.remH3754to be eatenH1197,and shall putוְשִׁלַּח֙ve.shi.LachH7971in his beastבְּעִיר֔וֹbe.'i.roH1165,and shall feedH1197in another man’sאַחֵ֑ר'a.CherH312fieldH7704;of the bestמֵיטַ֥בmei.TavH4315of his own fieldH7704,and of the bestוּמֵיטַ֥בu.mei.TavH4315of his own vineyardכַּרְמ֖וֹkar.MoH3754,shall he make restitutionH7999.

6If fireאֵ֜שׁ'eshH784break outתֵצֵ֨אte.Tze'H3318,and catchH4672in thornsקֹצִים֙ko.TzimH6975,so that the stacks of sheavesגָּדִ֔ישׁga.DishH1430,or the standing grainהַקָּמָ֖הha.ka.MahH7054,or the fieldהַשָּׂדֶ֑הha.sa.DehH7704,be consumedוְנֶאֱכַ֣לve.ne.'e.KhalH398therewith;he that kindledהַמַּבְעִ֖רha.mav.'IrH1197the fireהַבְּעֵרָֽה׃ סha.be.'e.RahH1200shall surelyH7999make restitutionH7999.

7If a manאִ֨ישׁ'ishH376shall deliverיִתֵּן֩yi.TenH5414unto his neighbourH7453moneyכֶּ֤סֶףKe.sefH3701or stuffכֵלִים֙khe.LimH3627to keepלִשְׁמֹ֔רlish.MorH8104,and it be stolenוְגֻנַּ֖בve.gu.NavH1589out of the man’sהָאִ֑ישׁha.'IshH376houseH1004;if the thiefH1590be foundH4672,let him payיְשַׁלֵּ֥םye.sha.LemH7999doubleשְׁנָֽיִם׃she.Na.yimH8147.

8If the thiefהַגַּנָּ֔בha.ga.NavH1590be notH3808foundיִמָּצֵא֙yi.ma.Tze'H4672,then the masterבַּֽעַל־ba.'al-H1167of the houseהַבַּ֖יִתha.Ba.yitH1004shall be broughtוְנִקְרַ֥בve.nik.RavH7126unto the judgesH430, to seewhether he have putשָׁלַ֛חsha.LachH7971his handיָד֖וֹya.DoH3027unto his neighbour’sH7453goodsבִּמְלֶ֥אכֶתbim.Le.khetH4399.

9For all mannerדְּבַר־de.var-H1697of trespassפֶּ֡שַׁעPe.sha'H6588, whether it befor oxH7794,for donkeyH2543,for sheepH7716,for raimentשַׂלְמָ֜הsal.MahH8008, orfor any manner of lost thingאֲבֵדָ֗ה'a.ve.DahH9, which anotherchallengethיֹאמַר֙yo.MarH559to be his, the causeדְּבַר־de.var-H1697of both partiesשְׁנֵיהֶ֑םshe.nei.HemH8147shall comeיָבֹ֖אya.Vo'H935before the judgesהָֽאֱלֹהִ֔יםha.'E.lo.HimH430; andwhom the judgesאֱלֹהִ֔ים'E.lo.HimH430shall condemnיַרְשִׁיעֻן֙yar.shi.'UnH7561,he shall payיְשַׁלֵּ֥םye.sha.LemH7999doubleשְׁנַ֖יִםshe.Na.yimH8147unto his neighbourH7453.

10If a manאִ֨ישׁ'ishH376deliverיִתֵּן֩yi.TenH5414unto his neighbourH7453a donkeyחֲמ֨וֹרcha.MorH2543,or an oxשׁ֥וֹרShorH7794,or a sheepשֶׂ֛הsehH7716,or any beastבְּהֵמָ֖הbe.he.MahH929,to keepלִשְׁמֹ֑רlish.MorH8104;and it dieוּמֵ֛תu.MetH4191,or be hurtנִשְׁבַּ֥רnish.BarH7665,or driven awayנִשְׁבָּ֖הnish.BahH7617,no man seeingרֹאֶֽה׃ro.'EhH7200it:

11Thenshall an oathשְׁבֻעַ֣תshe.vu.'AtH7621of Yhwhיְהוָ֗הYah.wehH3068be between them bothשְׁנֵיהֶ֔םshe.nei.HemH8147,that he hath not putשָׁלַ֛חsha.LachH7971his handיָד֖וֹya.DoH3027unto his neighbour’sרֵעֵ֑הוּre.'E.huH7453goodsבִּמְלֶ֣אכֶתbim.Le.khetH4399;and the ownerH1167of it shall acceptוְלָקַ֥חve.la.KachH3947thereof, and he shall not make itgoodH7999.

12And if it be stolenH1589from him, he shall make restitutionH7999unto the ownerלִבְעָלָֽיו׃liv.'a.LavH1167thereof.

13If it be torn in piecesH2963, thenlet him bringיְבִאֵ֣הוּye.vi.'E.huH935it forwitnessעֵ֑ד'EdH5707, andhe shall not make goodH7999that which was tornהַטְּרֵפָ֖הha.te.re.FahH2966.

14And if a manאִ֛ישׁ'ishH376borrowיִשְׁאַ֥לyish.'AlH7592oughtof his neighbourרֵעֵ֖הוּre.'E.huH7453,and it be hurtוְנִשְׁבַּ֣רve.nish.BarH7665,or dieמֵ֑תMetH4191,the ownerH1167thereof beingnot with itH5973,he shall surelyH7999make itgoodH7999.

15Butif the ownerבְּעָלָ֥יוbe.'a.LavH1167thereof be with it, he shall not make itgoodיְשַׁלֵּ֑םye.sha.LemH7999: if it bean hiredשָׂכִ֣ירsa.KhirH7916thing,it cameבָּ֖אba'H935for his hireבִּשְׂכָרֽוֹ׃ סbis.kha.RoH7939.

16And if a manאִ֗ישׁ'IshH376enticeיְפַתֶּ֣הye.fa.TehH6601a maidH1330that is not betrothedאֹרָ֖שָׂה'o.Ra.sahH781,and lieוְשָׁכַ֣בve.sha.KhavH7901with her, he shall surelyמָהֹ֛רma.HorH4117endowיִמְהָרֶ֥נָּהyim.ha.Re.nahH4117her to be his wifeלְאִשָּֽׁה׃le.'i.ShahH802.

17If her fatherאָבִ֖יהָ'a.Vi.haH1utterlyמָאֵ֧ןma.'EnH3985refuseיְמָאֵ֛ןye.ma.'EnH3985to giveלְתִתָּ֣הּle.ti.TahH5414her unto him, he shall payיִשְׁקֹ֔לyish.KolH8254moneyכֶּ֣סֶףKe.sefH3701according to the dowryכְּמֹ֖הַרke.Mo.harH4119of virginsהַבְּתוּלֹֽת׃ סha.be.tu.LotH1330.

18Thou shalt not suffer a witchמְכַשֵּׁפָ֖הme.kha.she.FahH3784to liveתְחַיֶּֽה׃ סte.chai.YehH2421.

19Whosoever liethשֹׁכֵ֥בsho.KhevH7901with a beastבְּהֵמָ֖הbe.he.MahH929shall surelyמ֥וֹתMotH4191be put to deathיוּמָֽת׃ סyu.MatH4191.

20He that sacrificethזֹבֵ֥חַzo.Ve.achH2076unto anygodלָאֱלֹהִ֖יםla.'E.lo.HimH430,saveבִּלְתִּ֥יbil.TiH1115unto Yhwhלַיהוָ֖הla.Yah.wehH3068only, he shall be utterly destroyedיָֽחֳרָ֑םyo.cho.RamH2763.

21Thou shalt neither vexתוֹנֶ֖הto.NehH3238a strangerוְגֵ֥רve.GerH1616,nor oppressתִלְחָצֶ֑נּוּtil.cha.Tze.nuH3905him: for ye were strangersגֵרִ֥יםge.RimH1616in the landבְּאֶ֥רֶץbe.'E.retzH776of Egyptמִצְרָֽיִם׃mitz.Ra.yimH4714.

22Ye shall not afflictH6031any widowאַלְמָנָ֥ה'al.ma.NahH490,or fatherless childוְיָת֖וֹםve.ya.TomH3490.

23IfH518thou afflictעַנֵּ֥ה'a.NehH6031them in any wiseתְעַנֶּ֖הte.'a.NehH6031,and they cryצָעֹ֤קtza.'OkH6817at allיִצְעַק֙yitz.'AkH6817unto me, I will surelyשָׁמֹ֥עַsha.Mo.a'H8085hearאֶשְׁמַ֖ע'esh.Ma'H8085their cryצַעֲקָתֽוֹ׃tza.'a.ka.ToH6818;

24And my wrathאַפִּ֔י'a.PiH639shall wax hotוְחָרָ֣הve.cha.RahH2734,and I will killוְהָרַגְתִּ֥יve.ha.rag.TiH2026you with the swordבֶּחָ֑רֶבbe.Cha.revH2719;and your wivesנְשֵׁיכֶם֙ne.shei.KhemH802shall be widowsאַלְמָנ֔וֹת'al.ma.NotH490,and your childrenוּבְנֵיכֶ֖םu.ve.nei.KhemH1121fatherlessיְתֹמִֽים׃ פye.to.MimH3490.

25If thou lendתַּלְוֶ֣הtal.VehH3867moneyכֶּ֣סֶף׀Ke.sefH3701to any ofmy peopleעַמִּ֗י'a.MiH5971that ispoorהֶֽעָנִי֙he.'a.NiH6041by thee, thou shalt not be to him as an usurerכְּנֹשֶׁ֑הke.no.ShehH5383,neither shalt thou layתְשִׂימ֥וּןte.si.MunH7760upon him usuryנֶֽשֶׁךְ׃Ne.shekhH5392.

26If thou at allH2254takeחָבֹ֥לcha.VolH2254thy neighbour’sרֵעֶ֑ךָre.'E.khaH7453raimentשַׂלְמַ֣תsal.MatH8008to pledgeתַּחְבֹּ֖לtach.BolH2254,thou shalt deliverתְּשִׁיבֶ֥נּוּte.shi.Ve.nuH7725it unto him byעַד־'ad-H5704that the sunהַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁha.She.meshH8121goeth downבֹּ֥אbo'H935:

27For that ishis coveringכְסוּתוֹ֙khe.su.toH3682only, it ishis raimentשִׂמְלָת֖וֹsim.la.ToH8071for his skinלְעֹר֑וֹle.'o.RoH5785:wherein shall he sleepיִשְׁכָּ֔בyish.KavH7901?and it shall come to pass, when he criethיִצְעַ֣קyitz.'AkH6817unto me, that I will hearוְשָׁמַעְתִּ֖יve.sha.ma'.TiH8085; for I amgraciousחַנּ֥וּןcha.NunH2587.

28Thou shalt not blasphemeתְקַלֵּ֑לte.ka.LelH7043Godאֱלֹהִ֖ים'E.lo.HimH430,nor curseתָאֹֽר׃ta.'OrH779the rulerוְנָשִׂ֥יאve.na.Si'H5387of thy peopleבְעַמְּךָ֖ve.'a.me.KhaH5971.

29Thou shalt not delayתְאַחֵ֑רte.'a.CherH309to offerthe first of thy ripe fruitsמְלֵאָתְךָ֥me.le.'a.te.KhaH4395,and of thy liquorsוְדִמְעֲךָ֖ve.dim.'a.KhaH1831:the firstbornבְּכ֥וֹרbe.KhorH1060of thy sonsבָּנֶ֖יךָba.Nei.khaH1121shalt thou giveH5414unto me.

30Likewiseכֵּֽן־ken-H3651shalt thou doתַּעֲשֶׂ֥הta.'a.SehH6213with thine oxenלְשֹׁרְךָ֖le.sho.re.KhaH7794, andwith thy sheepלְצֹאנֶ֑ךָle.tzo.Ne.khaH6629:sevenשִׁבְעַ֤תshiv.'AtH7651daysיָמִים֙ya.MimH3117it shall be with his damאִמּ֔וֹ'i.MoH517;on the eighthהַשְּׁמִינִ֖יha.she.mi.NiH8066dayבַּיּ֥וֹםbai.YomH3117thou shalt giveתִּתְּנוֹ־ti.te.nov-H5414it me.

31And ye shall be holyקֹ֖דֶשׁKo.deshH6944menוְאַנְשֵׁי־ve.'an.shei-H582unto me: neither shall ye eatתֹאכֵ֔לוּto.Khe.luH398anyfleshוּבָשָׂ֨רu.va.SarH1320that istorn of beastsטְרֵפָה֙te.re.FahH2966in the fieldבַּשָּׂדֶ֤הba.sa.DehH7704;ye shall castתַּשְׁלִכ֥וּןtash.li.KhunH7993it to the dogsלַכֶּ֖לֶבla.Ke.levH3611.

Commentaries on Exodus 22