New American Standard Bible 2020
Deuteronomy 32
The Song of Moses
2May my teachingלִקְחִ֔יlik.ChiH3948dripיַעֲרֹ֤ףya.'a.RofH6201as the rainכַּמָּטָר֙ka.ma.TarH4306,My speechאִמְרָתִ֑י'im.ra.TiH565trickleתִּזַּ֥לti.ZalH5140as the dewכַּטַּ֖לka.TalH2919,As dropletsכִּשְׂעִירִ֣םkis.'i.RimH8164on the freshH1877grassדֶ֔שֶׁאDe.she'H1877,And as the showersוְכִרְבִיבִ֖יםve.khir.vi.VimH7241on the vegetationעֵֽשֶׂב׃'E.sevH6212.
4The Rockהַצּוּר֙ha.TzurH6697!His workפָּעֳל֔וֹpo.'o.LoH6467is perfectתָּמִ֣יםta.MimH8549,For allכָל־khol-H3605His waysדְּרָכָ֖יוde.ra.KhavH1870arejustמִשְׁפָּ֑טmish.PatH4941;A Godאֵ֤ל'elH410of faithfulnessאֱמוּנָה֙'e.mu.NahH530and withoutוְאֵ֣יןve.'EinH369injusticeעָ֔וֶל'A.velH5766,Righteousצַדִּ֥יקtza.DikH6662and justוְיָשָׁ֖רve.ya.SharH3477is He.
6IsthisH2088what youdoתִּגְמְלוּ־tig.me.lu-H1580to the Lordלַיְהוָה֙la.Yah.wehH3068,You foolishנָבָ֖לna.ValH5036and unwiseחָכָ֑םcha.KhamH3808H2450peopleעַ֥ם'amH5971?Is He not your Fatherאָבִ֣יךָ'a.Vi.khaH1who haspurchasedקָּנֶ֔ךָka.Ne.chaH7069you?He has madeעָֽשְׂךָ֖'a.se.KhaH6213you and establishedוַֽיְכֹנְנֶֽךָ׃Vay.kho.ne.Ne.khaH3559you.
7Rememberזְכֹר֙ze.KhorH2142the daysיְמ֣וֹתye.MotH3117of oldעוֹלָ֔םo.LamH5769,Considerבִּ֖ינוּBi.nuH995the yearsשְׁנ֣וֹתshe.NotH8141of allדּוֹר־dor-H1755generationsוָד֑וֹרva.DorH1755.Askשְׁאַ֤לshe.'AlH7592your fatherאָבִ֙יךָ֙'a.Vi.khaH1and he will informוְיַגֵּ֔דְךָve.ya.Ge.de.khaH5046you,Your eldersזְקֵנֶ֖יךָze.ke.Nei.chaH2205,and they will tellוְיֹ֥אמְרוּve.Yo.me.ruH559you.
8When the Mostעֶלְיוֹן֙'el.yOnH5945HighH5945gaveH5157the nationsגּוֹיִ֔םgo.YimH1471their inheritanceH5157,When He separatedבְּהַפְרִיד֖וֹbe.haf.ri.DoH6504the sonsבְּנֵ֣יbe.NeiH1121ofmankindאָדָ֑ם'a.DamH120,He setיַצֵּב֙ya.TzevH5324the boundariesגְּבֻלֹ֣תge.vu.LotH1367of the peoplesעַמִּ֔ים'a.MimH5971According to the numberלְמִסְפַּ֖רle.mis.ParH4557of thesonsבְּנֵ֥יbe.NeiH1121of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃Yis.ra.'ElH3478.
10He foundיִמְצָאֵ֙הוּ֙yim.tza.'E.huH4672him in a desertמִדְבָּ֔רmid.BarH4057landבְּאֶ֣רֶץbe.'E.retzH776,And in the howlingיְלֵ֣לye.LelH3214wastelandוּבְתֹ֖הוּu.ve.To.huH8414of a wildernessיְשִׁמֹ֑ןye.shi.MonH3452;He encircledיְסֹֽבְבֶ֙נְהוּ֙ye.soe.Ven.huH5437him, He caredיְב֣וֹנְנֵ֔הוּye.Vo.Ne.huH995for him,He guardedיִצְּרֶ֖נְהוּyi.tze.Ren.huH5341him as theappleכְּאִישׁ֥וֹןke.'i.ShonH380of His eyeעֵינֽוֹ׃ei.NoH5869.
11As an eagleכְּנֶ֙שֶׁר֙ke.Ne.sherH5404stirsיָעִ֣ירya.'IrH5782upH5782its nestקִנּ֔וֹki.NoH7064, Andhoversיְרַחֵ֑ףye.ra.ChefH7363overH5921its youngגּוֹזָלָ֖יוgo.za.LavH1469,He spreadיִפְרֹ֤שׂyif.RosH6566His wingsכְּנָפָיו֙ke.na.FavH3671,He caughtיִקָּחֵ֔הוּyi.ka.Che.huH3947them,He carriedיִשָּׂאֵ֖הוּyi.sa.'E.huH5375them on His pinionsאֶבְרָתֽוֹ׃'ev.ra.ToH84.
13He had him rideיַרְכִּבֵ֙הוּ֙yar.ki.Ve.huH7392on the highבָּ֣מֳתֵיba.mo.teiH1116placesH1116of the earthאָ֔רֶץ'A.retzH776,And he ateוַיֹּאכַ֖לvai.yo.KhalH398the produceתְּנוּבֹ֣תte.nu.VotH8570of the fieldH7706;And He had him suckוַיֵּנִקֵ֤הֽוּvai.ye.ni.Ke.huH3243honeyדְבַשׁ֙de.VashH1706from the rockמִסֶּ֔לַעmi.Se.la'H5553, Andoilוְשֶׁ֖מֶןve.She.menH8081from the flintyמֵחַלְמִ֥ישׁme.chal.MishH2496rockצֽוּר׃TzurH6697,
14Curdsחֶמְאַ֨תchem.'AtH2529of the herdבָּקָ֜רba.KarH1241,and milkוַחֲלֵ֣בva.cha.LevH2461of the flockצֹ֗אןTzonH6629,With fatחֵ֨לֶבChe.levH2459of lambsכָּרִ֜יםka.RimH3733And ramsוְאֵילִ֤יםve.'ei.LimH352,the breedבְּנֵֽי־be.nei-H1121of Bashanבָשָׁן֙va.ShanH1316, and ofgoatsוְעַתּוּדִ֔יםve.'a.tu.DimH6260,With the bestחֵ֖לֶב כִּלְי֣וֹתChe.lev kil.YotH2459H3629of the wheatחִטָּ֑הchi.TahH2406;And you drankתִּשְׁתֶּה־tish.teh-H8354wineחָֽמֶר׃Cha.merH2561of thebloodוְדַם־ve.dam-H1818of grapesעֵנָ֖ב'e.NavH6025.
15“ButJeshurunיְשֻׁרוּן֙ye.shu.RunH3484becameH8080fatוַיִּשְׁמַ֤ןvai.yish.ManH8080and kickedוַיִּבְעָ֔טvai.yiv.'AtH1163--You have becomeH8080fatשָׁמַ֖נְתָּsha.Man.taH8080,thickעָבִ֣יתָ'a.Vi.taH5666, andobstinateכָּשִׂ֑יתָka.Si.taH3780--Then he abandonedוַיִּטֹּשׁ֙vai.yi.ToshH5203Godאֱל֣וֹהַ'e.Lo.haH433who madeעָשָׂ֔הוּ'a.Sa.huH6213him, Andrejectedוַיְנַבֵּ֖לvay.na.BelH5034the Rockצ֥וּרtzurH6697of his salvationיְשֻׁעָתֽוֹ׃ye.shu.'a.ToH3444.
17They sacrificedיִזְבְּח֗וּyiz.be.ChuH2076to demonsלַשֵּׁדִים֙la.she.DimH7700, who werenot Godאֱלֹ֔הַ'e.Lo.haH433,To godsאֱלֹהִ֖ים'E.lo.HimH430whomthey have not knownיְדָע֑וּםye.da.'UmH3045,Newחֲדָשִׁים֙cha.da.ShimH2319godswho cameבָּ֔אוּBa.'uH935latelyמִקָּרֹ֣בmi.ka.RoH4480H7138,Whom your fathersאֲבֹתֵיכֶֽם׃'a.vo.tei.KhemH1did not knowשְׂעָר֖וּםse.'a.RumH8175.
20Then He saidוַיֹּ֗אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559, ‘I will hideאַסְתִּ֤ירָה'as.Ti.rahH5641My faceפָנַי֙fa.NaiH6440from them,I will seeאֶרְאֶ֖ה'er.'EhH7200whatמָ֣הmahH4100their endאַחֲרִיתָ֑ם'a.cha.ri.TamH319will be;For they are a perverseתַּהְפֻּכֹת֙tah.pu.KhotH8419generationד֤וֹרDorH1755,Sonsבָּנִ֖יםba.NimH1121in whom there is noלֹא־lo'-H3808faithfulnessאֵמֻ֥ן'e.MunH529.
21They have madeH7065Me jealousקִנְא֣וּנִיkin.'U.niH7065with whatis not Godאֵ֔ל'ElH410;They have provokedH3707Me toH3707angerכִּעֲס֖וּנִיki.'a.Su.niH3707with theiridolsבְּהַבְלֵיהֶ֑םbe.hav.lei.HemH1892.So I will makeH7065them jealousאַקְנִיאֵ֣ם'ak.ni.'EmH7065with those who arenot a peopleעָ֔ם'AmH5971;I will provokeאַכְעִיסֵֽם׃'akh.'i.SemH3707them toH3707angerH3707with a foolishנָבָ֖לna.ValH5036nationבְּג֥וֹיbe.GoyH1471,
22For a fireאֵשׁ֙'eshH784has flaredקָדְחָ֣הka.de.ChahH6919in My angerבְאַפִּ֔יve.'a.PiH639,And it burnsוַתִּיקַ֖דva.ti.KadH3344to the lowestתַּחְתִּ֑יתtach.TitH8482partH8482ofSheolשְׁא֣וֹלshe.'olH7585,And devoursוַתֹּ֤אכַלva.To.khalH398the earthאֶ֙רֶץ֙'e.retzH776with its yieldוִֽיבֻלָ֔הּvi.vu.LahH2981,And setsוַתְּלַהֵ֖טva.te.la.HetH3857onH3857fireH3857the foundationsמוֹסְדֵ֥יmos.DeiH4144of the mountainsהָרִֽים׃ha.RimH2022.
24They will bewastedמְזֵ֥יme.ZeiH4198by famineרָעָ֛בra.'AvH7458,and emaciatedוּלְחֻ֥מֵיu.le.Chu.meiH3898byplagueרֶ֖שֶׁףRe.shefH7565And a bitterמְרִירִ֑יme.ri.RiH4815epidemicוְקֶ֣טֶבve.Ke.tevH6986;And the teethוְשֶׁן־ve.shen-H8127of beastsבְּהֵמוֹת֙be.he.mOtH929I will sendאֲשַׁלַּח־'a.sha.lach-H7971against them,With the venomחֲמַ֖תcha.MatH2534of crawlingזֹחֲלֵ֥יzo.cha.LeiH2119thingsH2119of the dustעָפָֽר׃'a.FarH6083.
25Outsideמִחוּץ֙mi.ChutzH4480H2351the swordחֶ֔רֶבChe.revH2719will makeתְּשַׁכֶּל־te.sha.kel-H7921themchildlessH7921,And insideוּמֵחֲדָרִ֖יםu.me.cha.da.RimH4480H2315,terrorאֵימָ֑ה'ei.MahH367--BothH1571youngבָּחוּר֙ba.ChurH970manH970and virginבְּתוּלָ֔הbe.tu.LahH1330,The nursingH3243childH3243with the manאִ֥ישׁ'ishH376of grayשֵׂיבָֽה׃sei.VahH7872hairH7872.
27Had I not fearedאָג֔וּר'a.GurH1481the provocationכַּ֤עַסKa.'asH3708by the enemyH340,That their adversariesצָרֵ֑ימוֹtza.Rei.movH6862would misjudgeH5235,That they would sayיֹֽאמְרוּ֙yo.me.RuH559, “Our handיָדֵ֣ינוּya.Dei.nuH3027isH7311triumphantH7311,And the Lordיְהוָ֖הYah.wehH3068has not performedפָּעַ֥לpa.'AlH6466allכָּל־kol-H3605thisH2088.”’
30HowH351could oneאֶחָד֙'e.ChadH259chaseיִרְדֹּ֤ףyir.DofH7291a thousandאֶ֔לֶף'E.lefH505,And twoוּשְׁנַ֖יִםu.she.Na.yimH8147putH5127tenרְבָבָ֑הre.va.VahH7233thousandH7233toH5127flightH5127,Unlessאִם־ לֹא֙ כִּי־'im- lo' ki-H518H3808H3588theirRockצוּרָ֣םtzu.RamH6697had soldמְכָרָ֔םme.kha.RamH4376them,And the Lordוַֽיהוָ֖הva.Yah.wehH3068had givenH5462them upH5462?
32For their vineמִגֶּ֤פֶןmi.Ge.fenH1612is from the vineגַּפְנָ֔םgaf.NamH1612of Sodomסְדֹם֙se.DomH5467,And from the fieldsוּמִשַּׁדְמֹ֖תu.mi.shad.MotH7709of Gomorrahעֲמֹרָ֑ה'a.mo.RahH6017;Their grapesעֲנָבֵ֙מוֹ֙'a.na.Ve.movH6025are grapesעִנְּבֵי־'i.ne.vei-H6025ofpoisonר֔וֹשׁRo.oshH7219,Their clustersאַשְׁכְּלֹ֥ת'ash.ke.LotH811,bitterמְרֹרֹ֖תme.ro.RotH4846.
35Vengeanceנָקָם֙na.KamH5359is Mine, and retributionוְשִׁלֵּ֔םve.shi.LemH8005; In duetimeלְעֵ֖תle.'EtH6256their footרַגְלָ֑םrag.LamH7272will slipתָּמ֣וּטta.MutH4131.For the dayי֣וֹםYomH3117of their disasterאֵידָ֔ם'ei.DamH343is nearקָרוֹב֙ka.rOvH7138,And the impendingH6264thingsH6264are hurryingוְחָ֖שׁve.ChashH2363to them.’
36For the Lordיְהוָה֙Yah.wehH3068will vindicateיָדִ֤יןya.DinH1777His peopleעַמּ֔וֹa.MoH5971,And will haveH5162compassionיִתְנֶחָ֑םyit.ne.ChamH5162on His servantsעֲבָדָ֖יו'a.va.DavH5650,WhenH3588He seesיִרְאֶה֙yir.'EhH7200that theirstrengthיָ֔דYadH3027isH235goneH235,And thereH657isH657noneH657remaining,bondעָצ֥וּר'a.TzurH6113or freeוְעָזֽוּב׃ve.'a.ZuvH5800.
38Those whoאֲשֶׁ֨ר'a.SherH834ateיֹאכֵ֔לוּyo.Khe.luH398the fatחֵ֤לֶבChe.levH2459of their sacrificesזְבָחֵ֙ימוֹ֙ze.va.Chei.movH2077, Anddrankיִשְׁתּ֖וּyish.TuH8354the wineיֵ֣יןyeinH3196of their drinkH5257offeringH5257?Let them riseH6965upH6965and helpוְיַעְזְרֻכֶ֔םve.ya'.ze.ru.KhemH5826you,Let them be your protectionסִתְרָֽה׃sit.RahH5643!
39Seeרְא֣וּ׀re.'UH7200nowעַתָּ֗ה'a.TahH6258that I, I am He,And thereH369isH369noH369godאֱלֹהִ֖ים'E.lo.HimH430besidesעִמָּדִ֑י'i.ma.DiH5973Me; It is I whoputאָמִ֣ית'a.MitH4191toH4191deathH4191and giveH2421lifeוַאֲחַיֶּ֗הva.'a.chai.YehH2421.I have woundedמָחַ֙צְתִּי֙ma.Chatz.tiH4272and it is I whohealאֶרְפָּ֔א'er.Pa'H7495,And thereH369isH369noH369oneH369who can saveמַצִּֽיל׃ma.TzilH5337anyonefrom My handמִיָּדִ֖יmi.ya.DiH3027.
41Ifאִם־'im-H518I have sharpenedשַׁנּוֹתִי֙sha.no.TiH8150My flashingבְּרַ֣קbe.RakH1300swordחַרְבִּ֔יchar.BiH2719,And My handיָדִ֑יya.DiH3027has takenוְתֹאחֵ֥זve.to.ChezH270holdH270of justiceבְּמִשְׁפָּ֖טbe.mish.PatH4941,I will returnאָשִׁ֤יב'a.ShivH7725vengeanceנָקָם֙na.KamH5359on My adversariesלְצָרָ֔יle.tza.RaiH6862,And I will repayאֲשַׁלֵּֽם׃'a.sha.LemH7999those who hateוְלִמְשַׂנְאַ֖יve.lim.san.'AiH8130Me.
42I will makeאַשְׁכִּ֤יר'ash.KirH7937My arrowsחִצַּי֙chi.TzaiH2671drunkH7937with bloodמִדָּ֔םmi.DamH1818,And My swordוְחַרְבִּ֖יve.char.BiH2719will devourתֹּאכַ֣לto.KhalH398fleshבָּשָׂ֑רba.SarH1320,With the bloodמִדַּ֤םmi.DamH1818of the slainחָלָל֙cha.LalH2491and the captivesוְשִׁבְיָ֔הve.shiv.YahH7633,From the long-hairedפַּרְע֥וֹתpar.'otH6546leadersמֵרֹ֖אשׁme.RoshH7218of the enemyH340.’
43Rejoiceהַרְנִ֤ינוּhar.Ni.nuH7442,you nationsגוֹיִם֙go.YimH1471, withHis peopleעַמּ֔וֹa.MoH5971;For He will avengeיִקּ֑וֹםyi.KomH5358the bloodדַם־dam-H1818of His servantsעֲבָדָ֖יו'a.va.DavH5650,And will returnיָשִׁ֣יבya.ShivH7725vengeanceוְנָקָם֙ve.na.KamH5359on His adversariesלְצָרָ֔יוle.tza.RavH6862,And will atoneוְכִפֶּ֥רve.khi.PerH3722for His landאַדְמָת֖וֹ'ad.ma.ToH127andHis peopleעַמּֽוֹ׃ פa.MoH5971.”
44Then Mosesמֹשֶׁ֗הmo.ShehH4872cameוַיָּבֹ֣אvai.ya.Vo'H935and spokeוַיְדַבֵּ֛רvay.da.BerH1696allכָּל־kol-H3605the wordsדִּבְרֵ֥יdiv.ReiH1697of thisH2088songהַשִּׁירָֽה־ha.shi.rah-H7892in the hearingבְּאָזְנֵ֣יbe.'a.ze.NeiH241of the peopleהָעָ֑םha.'AmH5971, he, withJoshuaוְהוֹשֵׁ֥עַve.ho.She.a'H1954the sonבִּן־bin-H1121of Nunנֽוּן׃NunH5126.
46he saidוַיֹּ֤אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559to them, “Takeשִׂ֣ימוּSi.muH7760to your heartלְבַבְכֶ֔םle.vav.KhemH3824allלְכָל־le.kholH3605the wordsהַדְּבָרִ֔יםha.de.va.RimH1697with whichאֲשֶׁ֧ר'a.SherH834I am warningמֵעִ֥ידme.'IdH5749you todayהַיּ֑וֹםhai.YomH3117,whichאֲשֶׁ֤ר'a.SherH834you will commandתְּצַוֻּם֙te.tza.VumH6680your sonsבְּנֵיכֶ֔םbe.nei.KhemH1121tofollowלַעֲשׂ֔וֹתla.'a.SotH6213carefullyלִשְׁמֹ֣רlish.MorH8104,allכָּל־kol-H3605the wordsדִּבְרֵ֖יdiv.ReiH1697of thisH2088Lawהַתּוֹרָ֥הha.to.RahH8451.
47For it is not atrivialרֵ֥קrekH7386matterדָבָ֨רda.VarH1697for you; indeedH3588it is your lifeH2425. Andby thisהַזֶּ֗הha.ZehH2088wordוּבַדָּבָ֣רu.va.da.VarH1697you will prolongתַּאֲרִ֤יכוּta.'a.Ri.khuH748your daysיָמִים֙ya.MimH3117in the landהָ֣אֲדָמָ֔הha.'a.da.MahH127,whichאֲשֶׁ֨ר'a.SherH834you are about to crossעֹבְרִ֧ים'oe.RimH5674the Jordanהַיַּרְדֵּ֛ןhai.yar.DenH3383topossessלְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃ פle.rish.TahH3423.”
49“Goעֲלֵ֡ה'a.LehH5927upH5927to thisהַזֶּ֜הha.ZehH2088mountainהַר֩harH2022of the Abarimהָעֲבָרִ֨יםha.'a.va.RimH5682,Mountהַר־har-H2022Neboנְב֗וֹne.VoH5015,whichH834is in the landבְּאֶ֣רֶץbe.'E.retzH776of Moabמוֹאָ֔בmo.'AvH4124oppositeעַל־ פְּנֵ֣י'al- pe.NeiH5921H6440Jerichoיְרֵח֑וֹye.re.ChoH3405,and lookוּרְאֵה֙u.re.'EhH7200at the landאֶ֣רֶץ'E.retzH776of Canaanכְּנַ֔עַןke.Na.'anH3667,whichH834I am givingנֹתֵ֛ןno.TenH5414to the sonsלִבְנֵ֥יliv.NeiH1121of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֖לYis.ra.'ElH3478as a possessionלַאֲחֻזָּֽה׃la.'a.chu.ZahH272.
50Then you are to dieוּמֻ֗תu.MutH4191on the mountainבָּהָר֙ba.HarH2022whereשָׁ֔מָּהSha.mahH834H8033you ascendעֹלֶ֣ה'o.LehH5927, and begatheredוְהֵאָסֵ֖ףve.he.'a.SefH622to your peopleעַמֶּ֑יךָ'a.Mei.khaH5971,as Aaronאַהֲרֹ֤ן'a.ha.RonH175your brotherאָחִ֙יךָ֙'a.Chi.khaH251diedמֵ֞תmetH4191on Mountהָהָ֔רha.HarH2022Horבְּהֹ֣רbe.HorH2023and was gatheredוַיֵּאָ֖סֶףvai.ye.'A.sefH622to his peopleעַמָּֽיו׃'a.MavH5971,
51becauseעַל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר'al 'a.SherH5921H834you brokeH4603faithH4603with Me in the midstבְּתוֹךְ֙be.toKhH8432of the sonsבְּנֵ֣יbe.NeiH1121of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֔לYis.ra.'ElH3478at the watersבְּמֵֽי־be.mei-H4325of Meribah-kadeshמְרִיבַ֥ת קָדֵ֖שׁme.ri.Vat ka.DeshH4809H6946, in thewildernessמִדְבַּר־mid.bar-H4057of Zinצִ֑ןTzinH6790,becauseעַ֣ל אֲשֶׁ֤ר'al 'a.SherH5921H834you did not treatH6942Me asH6942holyקִדַּשְׁתֶּם֙ki.dash.TemH6942in the midstבְּת֖וֹךְbe.TokhH8432of the sonsבְּנֵ֥יbe.NeiH1121of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃Yis.ra.'ElH3478.
52For you will seeתִּרְאֶ֣הtir.'EhH7200the landהָאָ֑רֶץha.'A.retzH776at a distanceמִנֶּ֖גֶדmi.Ne.gedH4480H5048butyou will not goתָב֔וֹאta.Vo'H935thereוְשָׁ֙מָּה֙ve.Sha.mahH8033,into the landהָאָ֕רֶץha.'A.retzH776whichאֲשֶׁר־'a.Sher-H834I am givingנֹתֵ֖ןno.TenH5414the sonsלִבְנֵ֥יliv.NeiH1121of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פYis.ra.'ElH3478.”
Commentaries on Deuteronomy 32
- Adam Clarke Bible Commentary
- Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
- Matthew Henry Concise Commentary
- Tyndale Open Study Notes
- Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary
- Rashi on Tanakh
- Calvin’s Commentaries
- Keil & Delitzsch Commentary
- John Wesley’s Notes
- Darby Translation Notes
- Geneva Bible Translation Notes
- Kingcomments
- Matthew Henry’s Complete Commentary
- Matthew Henry’s Modern English Commentary
- Scofield Reference Notes, 1917 Edition
- Original Douay–Rheims Annotations
- Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary
- EGW Writings
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Commentaries