New American Standard Bible 2020

1 Samuel 13

War with the Philistines

1Saulשָׁא֣וּלsha.'UlH7586was thirtyyearsשָׁנָ֖הsha.NahH8141oldבֶּן־ben-H1121when he began to reignבְּמָלְכ֑וֹbe.ma.le.KhoH4427,and he reignedמָלַ֖ךְma.LakhH4427for forty-twoוּשְׁתֵּ֣יu.she.TeiH8147yearsשָׁנִ֔יםsha.NimH8141overעַל־'al-H5921Israelיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃Yis.ra.'ElH3478.

2Now Saulשָׁא֜וּלsha.'UlH7586choseוַיִּבְחַר־vai.yiv.char-H977for himself threeשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁתshe.Lo.shetH7969thousandאֲלָפִים֮'a.la.FimH505men of Israelמִיִּשְׂרָאֵל֒mi.Yis.ra.'ElH3478,of whom twoH505thousandאַלְפַּ֗יִם'al.Pa.yimH505were with Saulשָׁא֜וּלsha.'UlH7586inMichmashבְּמִכְמָשׂ֙be.mikh.MasH4363and in the hillוּבְהַ֣רu.ve.HarH2022countryH2022of BethelH1008,while a thousandוְאֶ֗לֶףve.'E.lefH505were with JonathanH3083atGibeahבְּגִבְעַ֖תbe.giv.'AtH1390of Benjaminבִּנְיָמִ֑יןbin.ya.MinH1144.But he sentH7971the restוְיֶ֣תֶרve.Ye.terH3499of the peopleהָעָ֔םha.'AmH5971awayשִׁלַּ֖חshi.LachH7971,eachאִ֥ישׁ'ishH376to his tentלְאֹהָלָֽיו׃le.'o.ha.LavH168.

3And JonathanH3083attackedוַיַּ֣ךְvai.YakhH5221the garrisonנְצִ֤יבne.TzivH5333of the Philistinesפְּלִשְׁתִּים֙pe.lish.TimH6430that was inGebaבְּגֶ֔בַעbe.Ge.va'H1387,and the Philistinesפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑יםpe.lish.TimH6430heardוַֽיִּשְׁמְע֖וּvai.yish.me.'UH8085about it.Then Saulוְשָׁאוּל֩ve.sha.'UlH7586blewתָּקַ֨עta.Ka'H8628the trumpetבַּשּׁוֹפָ֤רba.sho.FarH7782throughoutבְּכָל־be.kholH3605the landהָאָ֙רֶץ֙ha.'A.retzH776,sayingלֵאמֹ֔רle.MorH559, “Let the Hebrewsהָעִבְרִֽים׃ha.'iv.RimH5680hearיִשְׁמְע֖וּyish.me.'UH8085!”

4And allוְכָל־ve.kholH3605Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֞לYis.ra.'ElH3478heardשָׁמְע֣וּsha.me.'UH8085the newsלֵאמֹ֗רle.MorH559that Saulשָׁאוּל֙sha.'UlH7586had attackedהִכָּ֤הhi.KahH5221the garrisonנְצִ֣יבne.TzivH5333of the Philistinesפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔יםpe.lish.TimH6430,and alsoוְגַם־ve.gam-H1571that Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֖לYis.ra.'ElH3478had becomeH887repulsiveH887to the Philistinesבַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑יםba.pe.lish.TimH6430.Then the peopleהָעָ֛םha.'AmH5971were summonedוַיִּצָּעֲק֥וּvai.yi.tza.'a.KuH6817to Saulשָׁא֖וּלsha.'UlH7586at Gilgalהַגִּלְגָּֽל׃ha.gil.GalH1537.

5Now the Philistinesוּפְלִשְׁתִּ֞יםu.fe.lish.TimH6430assembledנֶאֶסְפ֣וּ׀ne.'es.FuH622to fightלְהִלָּחֵ֣םle.hi.la.ChemH3898with Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֗לYis.ra.'ElH3478,thirtyשְׁלֹשִׁ֨יםshe.lo.ShimH7970thousandאֶ֤לֶף'E.lefH505chariotsרֶ֙כֶב֙re.khevH7393and sixוְשֵׁ֤שֶׁתve.She.shetH8337thousandאֲלָפִים֙'a.la.FimH505horsemenפָּרָשִׁ֔יםpa.ra.ShimH6571, andpeopleוְעָ֕םve.'AmH5971like the sandכַּח֛וֹלka.CholH2344whichאֲשֶׁ֥ר'a.SherH834is on the seashoreשְׂפַֽת־ הַיָּ֖םse.fat- hai.YamH3220 H8193in abundanceלָרֹ֑בla.RoH7230;and they cameH5927upH5927and campedוַיַּחֲנ֣וּvai.ya.cha.NuH2583in Michmashבְמִכְמָ֔שׂve.mikh.MasH4363,eastקִדְמַ֖תkid.MatH6926ofBeth-avenH1007.

6When the menוְאִ֨ישׁve.'IshH376of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֤לYis.ra.'ElH3478sawרָאוּ֙ra.'UH7200that they were in troubleצַר־tzar-H6862(for the peopleהָעָ֑םha.'AmH5971were hard-pressedנִגַּ֖שׂni.GasH5065), thenthe peopleהָעָ֗םha.'AmH5971keptH2244themselves hiddenH2244in cavesבַּמְּעָר֤וֹתba.me.'a.RotH4631,in crevicesוּבַֽחֲוָחִים֙u.va.cha.va.ChimH2336,in cliffsוּבַסְּלָעִ֔יםu.va.se.la.'ImH5553,in cryptsוּבַצְּרִחִ֖יםu.va.tze.ri.ChimH6877,and in pitsוּבַבֹּרֽוֹת׃u.va.bo.RotH953.

7And some ofthe Hebrewsוְעִבְרִ֗יםve.'iv.RimH5680crossedעָֽבְרוּ֙'a.ve.RuH5674the Jordanהַיַּרְדֵּ֔ןhai.yar.DenH3383intothe landאֶ֥רֶץ'E.retzH776ofGadגָּ֖דgadH1410and Gileadוְגִלְעָ֑דve.gil.'AdH1568.But as for Saulוְשָׁאוּל֙ve.sha.'UlH7586,he was stillעוֹדֶ֣נּוּo.De.nuH5750in Gilgalבַגִּלְגָּ֔לva.gil.GalH1537,and allוְכָל־ve.kholH3605the peopleהָעָ֖םha.'AmH5971followedאַחֲרָֽיו׃'a.cha.RavH310him, tremblingחָרְד֥וּcha.re.DuH2729.

8Nowhe waitedוַיּ֣וֹחֶלvai.yi.chelH3176for sevenשִׁבְעַ֣תshiv.'AtH7651daysיָמִ֗יםya.MimH3117,until the appointedלַמּוֹעֵד֙la.mo.'EdH4150timeH4150that Samuelשְׁמוּאֵ֔לshe.mu.'ElH8050had set,but Samuelשְׁמוּאֵ֖לshe.mu.'ElH8050did not comeבָ֥אva'H935to Gilgalהַגִּלְגָּ֑לha.gil.GalH1537;and the peopleהָעָ֖םha.'AmH5971were scatteringוַיָּ֥פֶץvai.Ya.fetzH6327from him.

9So Saulשָׁא֔וּלsha.'UlH7586saidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559, “Bringהַגִּ֣שׁוּha.Gi.shuH5066me the burntהָעֹלָ֖הha.'o.LahH5930offeringהָעֹלָֽה׃ha.'o.LahH5930and the peaceוְהַשְּׁלָמִ֑יםve.ha.she.la.MimH8002offeringsH8002.” Andhe offeredוַיַּ֖עַלvai.Ya.'alH5927the burntH5930offeringH5930.

10But as soon as he finishedכְּכַלֹּתוֹ֙ke.kha.lo.ToH3615offeringלְהַעֲל֣וֹתle.ha.'a.LotH5927the burntהָעֹלָ֔הha.'o.LahH5930offeringH5930,beholdוְהִנֵּ֥הve.hi.NehH2009,Samuelשְׁמוּאֵ֖לshe.mu.'ElH8050cameבָּ֑אBa'H935; andSaulשָׁא֛וּלsha.'UlH7586wentH3318outH3318to meetלִקְרָאת֖וֹlik.ra.ToH7122him and togreetלְבָרֲכֽוֹ׃le.va.ra.KhoH1288him.

11But Samuelשְׁמוּאֵ֖לshe.mu.'ElH8050saidוַיֹּ֥אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559, “Whatמֶ֣הmehH4100have you doneעָשִׂ֑יתָ'a.Si.taH6213?”And Saulשָׁא֡וּלsha.'UlH7586saidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559, “SinceH3588I sawרָאִיתִי֩ra.'i.TiH7200that the peopleהָעָ֜םha.'AmH5971were scatteringנָפַ֨ץna.FatzH5310from me, and that you did not comeבָ֙אתָ֙va.taH935at the appointedלְמוֹעֵ֣דle.mo.'EdH4150timeH4150, and thatthe Philistinesוּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖יםu.fe.lish.TimH6430were assemblingנֶאֱסָפִ֥יםne.'e.sa.FimH622at Michmashמִכְמָֽשׂ׃mikh.MasH4363,

12Ithoughtוָאֹמַ֗רva.'o.MarH559, ‘Nowעַ֠תָּה'A.tahH6258the Philistinesפְלִשְׁתִּ֤יםfe.lish.TimH6430will comeיֵרְד֨וּye.re.DuH3381downH3381againstאֵלַי֙'e.LaiH413me at Gilgalהַגִּלְגָּ֔לha.gil.GalH1537, and I have notaskedחִלִּ֑יתִיchi.Li.tiH2470the favorוּפְנֵ֥יu.fe.NeiH6440of the Lordיְהוָ֖הYah.wehH3068.’So I workedH662upH662theH662courageH662and offeredוָאַעֲלֶ֖הva.'a.'a.LehH5927the burntהָעֹלָֽה׃ סha.'o.LahH5930offeringH5930.”

13But Samuelשְׁמוּאֵ֛לshe.mu.'ElH8050saidוַיֹּ֧אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559to Saulשָׁא֖וּלsha.'UlH7586, “You have actedH5528foolishlyנִסְכָּ֑לְתָּnis.Kal.taH5528!You have not keptשָׁמַ֗רְתָּsha.Mar.taH8104the commandmentמִצְוַ֞תmitz.VatH4687of the Lordיְהוָ֤הYah.wehH3068your Godאֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙'e.lo.Hei.khaH430,whichאֲשֶׁ֣ר'a.SherH834He commandedצִוָּ֔ךְtzi.VakhH6680you, for the Lordיְהוָ֧הYah.wehH3068would nowעַתָּ֗ה'a.TahH6258have establishedהֵכִ֨יןhe.KhinH3559your kingdomמַֽמְלַכְתְּךָ֛mam.lakh.te.KhaH4467overH413Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֖לYis.ra.'ElH3478foreverעַד־ עוֹלָֽם׃'ad- o.LamH5704 H5769.

14Butnowוְעַתָּ֖הve.'a.TahH6258your kingdomמַמְלַכְתְּךָ֣mam.lakh.te.KhaH4467shall not endureתָק֑וּםta.KumH6965.The Lordיְהוָ֨הYah.wehH3068has soughtבִּקֵּשׁ֩bi.KeshH1245for Himself a manאִ֣ישׁ'ishH376after His own heartכִּלְבָב֗וֹkil.va.VoH3824,and the Lordיְהוָ֤הYah.wehH3068has appointedוַיְצַוֵּ֨הוּvay.tza.Ve.huH6680him rulerלְנָגִיד֙le.na.GidH5057overעַל־'al-H5921His peopleעַמּ֔וֹa.MoH5971,becauseכִּ֚יkiH3588you have not keptשָׁמַ֔רְתָּsha.Mar.taH8104whatאֲשֶֽׁר־'a.Sher-H834the Lordיְהוָֽה׃ פYah.wehH3068commandedצִוְּךָ֖tzi.ve.KhaH6680you.”

15Then Samuelשְׁמוּאֵ֗לshe.mu.'ElH8050setH6965outH6965and wentוַיַּ֛עַלvai.Ya.'alH5927upעָלָה'a.LahH5927from GilgalH1537toGibeahגִּבְעַ֣תgiv.'AtH1390of Benjaminבִּנְיָמִ֑ןbin.ya.MinH1144.And SaulH7586countedוַיִּפְקֹ֣דvai.yif.KodH6485the peopleH5971who wereH4672presentH4672with him,about sixכְּשֵׁ֥שׁke.SheshH8337hundredמֵא֖וֹתme.'otH3967menאִֽישׁ׃'IshH376.

16Now Saulוְשָׁא֞וּלve.sha.'UlH7586,his sonבְּנ֗וֹbe.NoH1121JonathanH3083,and the peopleוְהָעָם֙ve.ha.'AmH5971who wereH4672presentH4672with them were stayingיֹשְׁבִ֖יםyo.she.VimH3427inGebaבְּגֶ֣בַעbe.Ge.va'H1387of Benjaminבִּנְיָמִ֑ןbin.ya.MinH1144while the Philistinesוּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖יםu.fe.lish.TimH6430campedחָנ֥וּcha.NuH2583at Michmashבְמִכְמָֽשׂ׃ve.mikh.MasH4363.

17ThenraidersH4889cameוַיֵּצֵ֧אvai.ye.Tze'H3318from the campמִמַּחֲנֵ֥הmi.ma.cha.NehH4264of the Philistinesפְלִשְׁתִּ֖יםfe.lish.TimH6430in threeשְׁלֹשָׁ֣הshe.lo.ShahH7969companiesרָאשִׁ֑יםra.ShimH7218:oneאֶחָ֥ד'e.ChadH259companyהָרֹ֨אשׁha.RoshH7218turnedיִפְנֶ֛הyif.NehH6437towardדֶּ֥רֶךְDe.rekhH413 H1870Ophrahעָפְרָ֖ה'a.fe.RahH6084,to the landאֶ֥רֶץ'E.retzH776of Shualשׁוּעָֽל׃shu.'AlH7777,

18and anotherאֶחָד֙'e.ChadH259companyוְהָרֹ֤אשׁve.ha.RoshH7218turnedיִפְנֶ֔הyif.NehH6437towardדֶּ֖רֶךְDe.rekhH1870Beth-horonH1032,and anotherאֶחָ֤ד'e.ChadH259companyוְהָרֹ֨אשׁve.ha.RoshH7218turnedיִפְנֶה֙yif.NehH6437towardדֶּ֣רֶךְDe.rekhH1870the borderהַגְּב֔וּלha.ge.VulH1366that overlooksהַנִּשְׁקָ֛ף עַל־ha.nish.Kaf 'al-H8259 H5921the Valleyגֵּ֥יgeiH1516ofZeboimהַצְּבֹעִ֖יםha.tze.vo.'ImH6650toward the wildernessהַמִּדְבָּֽרָה׃ סha.mid.Ba.rahH4057.

19Nownoלֹ֣אlo'H3808blacksmithוְחָרָשׁ֙ve.cha.RashH2796could be foundיִמָּצֵ֔אyi.ma.Tze'H4672in allבְּכֹ֖לbe.KholH3605the landאֶ֣רֶץ'E.retzH776of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֑לYis.ra.'ElH3478,becauseכִּֽי־ki-H3588the Philistinesפְלִשְׁתִּ֔יםfe.lish.TimH6430saidאָמְר֣וּ'a.marH559, “Otherwiseפֶּ֚ןpenH6435the Hebrewsהָעִבְרִ֔יםha.'iv.RimH5680will makeיַעֲשׂ֣וּya.'a.SuH6213swordsחֶ֖רֶבChe.revH2719orא֥וֹ'oH176spearsחֲנִֽית׃cha.NitH2595.”

20So allכָל־khol-H3605Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֖לYis.ra.'ElH3478wentH3381downוַיֵּרְד֥וּvai.ye.re.DuH3381to the Philistinesהַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑יםha.pe.lish.TimH6430,eachאִ֣ישׁ'ishH376to sharpenלִ֠לְטוֹשׁLil.to.oshH3913his plowshareH4282,his mattockאֵתוֹ֙'e.ToH855,his axeקַרְדֻּמּ֔וֹkar.du.MoH7134,and his hoeH4281.

21The chargeהַפְּצִ֣ירָהha.pe.Tzi.rahH6477wastwo-thirdsH6371ofH6371aH6371shekelH6371for the plowsharesלַמַּֽחֲרֵשֹׁת֙la.ma.cha.re.ShotH4281,the mattocksוְלָ֣אֵתִ֔יםve.La.'e.TimH855,the forksוְלִשְׁלֹ֥שׁ קִלְּשׁ֖וֹןve.lish.Losh ki.le.ShonH7969 H7053,and the axesוּלְהַקַּרְדֻּמִּ֑יםu.le.hak.kar.du.MimH7134,and to fixוּלְהַצִּ֖יבu.le.ha.TzivH5324thecattleH1861goadsH1861.

22So it cameH1961aboutH1961on the dayבְּי֣וֹםbe.YomH3117of battleמִלְחֶ֔מֶתmil.Che.metH4421thatneitherH3808swordחֶ֤רֶבChe.revH2719norH3808spearוַחֲנִית֙va.cha.NitH2595was foundנִמְצָ֜אnim.Tza'H4672in the handsבְּיַ֣דbe.YadH3027of anyכָּל־kol-H3605of the peopleהָעָ֔םha.'AmH5971whoאֲשֶׁ֥ר'a.SherH834werewith Saulשָׁא֖וּלsha.'UlH7586and JonathanH3083,but they were foundוַתִּמָּצֵ֣אva.ti.ma.Tze'H4672with Saulלְשָׁא֔וּלle.sha.'UlH7586and his sonבְּנֽוֹ׃be.NoH1121JonathanH3083.

23Andthe garrisonמַצַּ֣בma.TzavH4673of the Philistinesפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔יםpe.lish.TimH6430wentH3318outH3318tothe gorgeמַעֲבַ֖רma.'a.VarH4569of Michmashמִכְמָֽשׂ׃ סmikh.MasH4363.

War with the Philistines

Commentaries on 1 Samuel 13