Revised Literal Translation

1 Samuel 13

1Saulשָׁא֣וּלsha.'UlH7586reignedבְּמָלְכ֑וֹbe.ma.le.KhoH4427one yearבֶּן־ שָׁנָ֖הben- sha.NahH8141 H1121;and when he had reignedמָלַ֖ךְma.LakhH4427twoוּשְׁתֵּ֣יu.she.TeiH8147yearsשָׁנִ֔יםsha.NimH8141over Israelיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃Yis.ra.'ElH3478,

2Saulשָׁא֜וּלsha.'UlH7586choseוַיִּבְחַר־vai.yiv.char-H977him threeשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁתshe.Lo.shetH7969thousandאֲלָפִים֮'a.la.FimH505menof Israelמִיִּשְׂרָאֵל֒mi.Yis.ra.'ElH3478; whereoftwo thousandאַלְפַּ֗יִם'al.Pa.yimH505were with Saulשָׁא֜וּלsha.'UlH7586in Michmashבְּמִכְמָשׂ֙be.mikh.MasH4363and in mountוּבְהַ֣רu.ve.HarH2022Beth–elH1008,and a thousandוְאֶ֗לֶףve.'E.lefH505were with Jonathanי֣וֹנָתָ֔ןyo.na.TanH3129in Gibeahבְּגִבְעַ֖תbe.giv.'AtH1390of Benjaminבִּנְיָמִ֑יןbin.ya.MinH1144:and the restוְיֶ֣תֶרve.Ye.terH3499of the peopleהָעָ֔םha.'AmH5971he sentשִׁלַּ֖חshi.LachH7971every manאִ֥ישׁ'ishH376to his tentלְאֹהָלָֽיו׃le.'o.ha.LavH168.

3And Jonathanיוֹנָתָ֗ןyo.na.TanH3129smoteוַיַּ֣ךְvai.YakhH5221the garrisonנְצִ֤יבne.TzivH5333of the Philistinesפְּלִשְׁתִּים֙pe.lish.TimH6430that wasin Gebaבְּגֶ֔בַעbe.Ge.va'H1387,and the Philistinesפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑יםpe.lish.TimH6430heardוַֽיִּשְׁמְע֖וּvai.yish.me.'UH8085of it.And Saulוְשָׁאוּל֩ve.sha.'UlH7586blewתָּקַ֨עta.Ka'H8628the trumpetבַּשּׁוֹפָ֤רba.sho.FarH7782throughout all the landהָאָ֙רֶץ֙ha.'A.retzH776,sayingלֵאמֹ֔רle.MorH559,Let the Hebrewsהָעִבְרִֽים׃ha.'iv.RimH5680hearיִשְׁמְע֖וּyish.me.'UH8085.

4And all Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֞לYis.ra.'ElH3478heardשָׁמְע֣וּsha.me.'UH8085sayלֵאמֹ֗רle.MorH559thatSaulשָׁאוּל֙sha.'UlH7586had smittenהִכָּ֤הhi.KahH5221a garrisonנְצִ֣יבne.TzivH5333of the Philistinesפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔יםpe.lish.TimH6430, and thatIsraelיִשְׂרָאֵ֖לYis.ra.'ElH3478also was had in abominationנִבְאַשׁniv.'ashH887with the Philistinesבַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑יםba.pe.lish.TimH6430.And the peopleהָעָ֛םha.'AmH5971were called togetherוַיִּצָּעֲק֥וּvai.yi.tza.'a.KuH6817afterאַחֲרֵ֥י'a.cha.ReiH310Saulשָׁא֖וּלsha.'UlH7586to Gilgalהַגִּלְגָּֽל׃ha.gil.GalH1537.

5And the Philistinesוּפְלִשְׁתִּ֞יםu.fe.lish.TimH6430gathered themselves togetherנֶאֶסְפ֣וּ׀ne.'es.FuH622to fightלְהִלָּחֵ֣םle.hi.la.ChemH3898with Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֗לYis.ra.'ElH3478,thirtyשְׁלֹשִׁ֨יםshe.lo.ShimH7970thousandאֶ֤לֶף'E.lefH505chariotsרֶ֙כֶב֙re.khevH7393,and sixוְשֵׁ֤שֶׁתve.She.shetH8337thousandאֲלָפִים֙'a.la.FimH505horsemenפָּרָשִׁ֔יםpa.ra.ShimH6571,and peopleוְעָ֕םve.'AmH5971as the sandכַּח֛וֹלka.CholH2344which ison the seaהַיָּ֖םhai.YamH3220shoreשְׂפַֽת־se.fat-H8193in multitudeלָרֹ֑בla.RoH7230:and they came upוַֽיַּעֲלוּ֙vai.ya.'a.LuH5927,and pitchedוַיַּחֲנ֣וּvai.ya.cha.NuH2583in Michmashבְמִכְמָ֔שׂve.mikh.MasH4363,eastwardקִדְמַ֖תkid.MatH6926from Beth–avenH1007.

6When the menוְאִ֨ישׁve.'IshH376of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֤לYis.ra.'ElH3478sawרָאוּ֙ra.'UH7200that they were in a straitH6887, (for the peopleהָעָ֑םha.'AmH5971were distressedנִגַּ֖שׂni.GasH5065,)then the peopleהָעָ֗םha.'AmH5971did hideוַיִּֽתְחַבְּא֣וּvai.yit.cha.be.'UH2244themselves in cavesבַּמְּעָר֤וֹתba.me.'a.RotH4631,and in thicketsH2337,and in rocksוּבַסְּלָעִ֔יםu.va.se.la.'ImH5553,and in high placesוּבַצְּרִחִ֖יםu.va.tze.ri.ChimH6877,and in pitsוּבַבֹּרֽוֹת׃u.va.bo.RotH953.

7And some ofthe Hebrewsוְעִבְרִ֗יםve.'iv.RimH5680went overעָֽבְרוּ֙'a.ve.RuH5674Jordanהַיַּרְדֵּ֔ןhai.yar.DenH3383to the landאֶ֥רֶץ'E.retzH776of Gadגָּ֖דgadH1410and Gileadוְגִלְעָ֑דve.gil.'AdH1568.As for Saulוְשָׁאוּל֙ve.sha.'UlH7586, he wasyet in Gilgalבַגִּלְגָּ֔לva.gil.GalH1537,and all the peopleהָעָ֖םha.'AmH5971followedאַחֲרָֽיו׃'a.cha.RavH310him tremblingחָרְד֥וּcha.re.DuH2729.

8And he tarriedוַיּ֣וֹחֶלvai.yi.chelH3176sevenשִׁבְעַ֣תshiv.'AtH7651daysיָמִ֗יםya.MimH3117,according to the set timeלַמּוֹעֵד֙la.mo.'EdH4150that Samuelשְׁמוּאֵ֔לshe.mu.'ElH8050had appointed:but Samuelשְׁמוּאֵ֖לshe.mu.'ElH8050cameבָ֥אva'H935not to Gilgalהַגִּלְגָּ֑לha.gil.GalH1537;and the peopleהָעָ֖םha.'AmH5971were scatteredוַיָּ֥פֶץvai.Ya.fetzH6327from him.

9And Saulשָׁא֔וּלsha.'UlH7586saidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559,Bring hitherהַגִּ֣שׁוּha.Gi.shuH5066a burnt offeringהָעֹלָ֖הha.'o.LahH5930to me, and peace offeringsוְהַשְּׁלָמִ֑יםve.ha.she.la.MimH8002.And he offeredוַיַּ֖עַלvai.Ya.'alH5927the burnt offeringהָעֹלָֽה׃ha.'o.LahH5930.

10And it came to pass, that as soon as he had made an endכְּכַלֹּתוֹ֙ke.kha.lo.ToH3615of offeringלְהַעֲל֣וֹתle.ha.'a.LotH5927the burnt offeringהָעֹלָ֔הha.'o.LahH5930,behold, Samuelשְׁמוּאֵ֖לshe.mu.'ElH8050cameבָּ֑אBa'H935;and Saulשָׁא֛וּלsha.'UlH7586went outוַיֵּצֵ֥אvai.ye.Tze'H3318to meetH7125him, that he might saluteלְבָרֲכֽוֹ׃le.va.ra.KhoH1288him.

11And Samuelשְׁמוּאֵ֖לshe.mu.'ElH8050saidוַיֹּ֥אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559,What hast thou doneעָשִׂ֑יתָ'a.Si.taH6213?And Saulשָׁא֡וּלsha.'UlH7586saidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559,Because I sawרָאִיתִי֩ra.'i.TiH7200that the peopleהָעָ֜םha.'AmH5971were scatteredנָפַ֨ץna.FatzH5310from me, and thatthou camestבָ֙אתָ֙va.taH935not within the daysהַיָּמִ֔יםhai.ya.MimH3117appointedלְמוֹעֵ֣דle.mo.'EdH4150, and thatthe Philistinesוּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖יםu.fe.lish.TimH6430gathered themselves togetherנֶאֱסָפִ֥יםne.'e.sa.FimH622at Michmashמִכְמָֽשׂ׃mikh.MasH4363;

12Therefore saidוָאֹמַ֗רva.'o.MarH559I, The Philistinesפְלִשְׁתִּ֤יםfe.lish.TimH6430will come downיֵרְד֨וּye.re.DuH3381now upon me to Gilgalהַגִּלְגָּ֔לha.gil.GalH1537,and I have not made supplicationחִלִּ֑יתִיchi.Li.tiH2470untoוּפְנֵ֥יu.fe.NeiH6440Yhwhיְהוָ֖הYah.wehH3068:I forcedוָֽאֶתְאַפַּ֔קva.'et.'a.PakH662myself therefore, and offeredוָאַעֲלֶ֖הva.'a.'a.LehH5927a burnt offeringהָעֹלָֽה׃ סha.'o.LahH5930.

13And Samuelשְׁמוּאֵ֛לshe.mu.'ElH8050saidוַיֹּ֧אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559to Saulשָׁא֖וּלsha.'UlH7586,Thou hast done foolishlyנִסְכָּ֑לְתָּnis.Kal.taH5528:thou hast not keptשָׁמַ֗רְתָּsha.Mar.taH8104the commandmentמִצְוַ֞תmitz.VatH4687of Yhwhיְהוָ֤הYah.wehH3068thy Godאֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙'e.lo.Hei.khaH430,which he commandedצִוָּ֔ךְtzi.VakhH6680thee: for now would Yhwhיְהוָ֧הYah.wehH3068have establishedהֵכִ֨יןhe.KhinH3559thy kingdomמַֽמְלַכְתְּךָ֛mam.lakh.te.KhaH4467upon Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֖לYis.ra.'ElH3478forעַד־'ad-H5704everעוֹלָֽם׃o.LamH5769.

14But now thy kingdomמַמְלַכְתְּךָ֣mam.lakh.te.KhaH4467shall not continueתָק֑וּםta.KumH6965:Yhwhיְהוָ֨הYah.wehH3068hath soughtבִּקֵּשׁ֩bi.KeshH1245him a manאִ֣ישׁ'ishH376after his own heartכִּלְבָב֗וֹkil.va.VoH3824,And Yhwhיְהוָ֤הYah.wehH3068hath commandedוַיְצַוֵּ֨הוּvay.tza.Ve.huH6680him to becaptainלְנָגִיד֙le.na.GidH5057over his peopleעַמּ֔וֹa.MoH5971,because thou hast not keptשָׁמַ֔רְתָּsha.Mar.taH8104thatwhich Yhwhיְהוָֽה׃ פYah.wehH3068commandedצִוְּךָ֖tzi.ve.KhaH6680thee.

15And Samuelשְׁמוּאֵ֗לshe.mu.'ElH8050aroseוַיָּ֣קָםvai.Ya.komH6965,and gat him upH5927from GilgalH1537unto Gibeahגִּבְעַ֣תgiv.'AtH1390of Benjaminבִּנְיָמִ֑ןbin.ya.MinH1144.And SaulH7586numberedוַיִּפְקֹ֣דvai.yif.KodH6485the peopleH5971that werepresentהַנִּמְצְאִ֣יםha.nim.tze.'ImH4672with him, about sixכְּשֵׁ֥שׁke.SheshH8337hundredמֵא֖וֹתme.'otH3967menאִֽישׁ׃'IshH376.

16And Saulוְשָׁא֞וּלve.sha.'UlH7586,and Jonathanוְיוֹנָתָ֣ןve.yo.na.TanH3129his sonבְּנ֗וֹbe.NoH1121,and the peopleוְהָעָם֙ve.ha.'AmH5971that werepresentהַנִּמְצָ֣אha.nim.Tza'H4672with them, abodeיֹשְׁבִ֖יםyo.she.VimH3427in Gibeahבְּגֶ֣בַעbe.Ge.va'H1387of Benjaminבִּנְיָמִ֑ןbin.ya.MinH1144:but the Philistinesוּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖יםu.fe.lish.TimH6430encampedחָנ֥וּcha.NuH2583in Michmashבְמִכְמָֽשׂ׃ve.mikh.MasH4363.

17And the spoilersהַמַּשְׁחִ֛יתha.mash.ChitH7843came outוַיֵּצֵ֧אvai.ye.Tze'H3318of the campמִמַּחֲנֵ֥הmi.ma.cha.NehH4264of the Philistinesפְלִשְׁתִּ֖יםfe.lish.TimH6430in threeשְׁלֹשָׁ֣הshe.lo.ShahH7969companiesרָאשִׁ֑יםra.ShimH7218:oneאֶחָ֥ד'e.ChadH259companyהָרֹ֨אשׁha.RoshH7218turnedיִפְנֶ֛הyif.NehH6437unto the wayדֶּ֥רֶךְDe.rekhH1870that leadeth toOphrahעָפְרָ֖ה'a.fe.RahH6084,unto the landאֶ֥רֶץ'E.retzH776of Shualשׁוּעָֽל׃shu.'AlH7777:

18And anotherאֶחָד֙'e.ChadH259companyוְהָרֹ֤אשׁve.ha.RoshH7218turnedיִפְנֶ֔הyif.NehH6437the wayדֶּ֖רֶךְDe.rekhH1870toBeth–horonH1032:and anotherאֶחָ֤ד'e.ChadH259companyוְהָרֹ֨אשׁve.ha.RoshH7218turnedיִפְנֶה֙yif.NehH6437tothe wayדֶּ֣רֶךְDe.rekhH1870of the borderהַגְּב֔וּלha.ge.VulH1366that lookethהַנִּשְׁקָ֛ףha.nish.KafH8259to the valleyגֵּ֥יgeiH1516of Zeboimהַצְּבֹעִ֖יםha.tze.vo.'ImH6650toward the wildernessהַמִּדְבָּֽרָה׃ סha.mid.Ba.rahH4057.

19Now there was no smithוְחָרָשׁ֙ve.cha.RashH2796foundיִמָּצֵ֔אyi.ma.Tze'H4672throughout all the landאֶ֣רֶץ'E.retzH776of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֑לYis.ra.'ElH3478:for the Philistinesפְלִשְׁתִּ֔יםfe.lish.TimH6430saidאָמְר֣וּ'a.marH559,Lest the Hebrewsהָעִבְרִ֔יםha.'iv.RimH5680makeיַעֲשׂ֣וּya.'a.SuH6213themswordsחֶ֖רֶבChe.revH2719or spearsחֲנִֽית׃cha.NitH2595:

20But all the Israelitesיִשְׂרָאֵ֖לYis.ra.'ElH3478went downוַיֵּרְד֥וּvai.ye.re.DuH3381to the Philistinesהַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑יםha.pe.lish.TimH6430,to sharpenלִ֠לְטוֹשׁLil.to.oshH3913every manאִ֣ישׁ'ishH376his shareH4282,and his coulterאֵתוֹ֙'e.ToH855,and his axeקַרְדֻּמּ֔וֹkar.du.MoH7134,and his mattockH4281.

21Yet they had a fileהַפְּצִ֣ירָה פִ֗יםha.pe.Tzi.rah FimH6310 H6477for the mattocksלַמַּֽחֲרֵשֹׁת֙la.ma.cha.re.ShotH4281,and for the coultersוְלָ֣אֵתִ֔יםve.La.'e.TimH855,and for the forksוְלִשְׁלֹ֥שׁ קִלְּשׁ֖וֹןve.lish.Losh ki.le.ShonH7053 H7969,and for the axesוּלְהַקַּרְדֻּמִּ֑יםu.le.hak.kar.du.MimH7134,and to sharpenוּלְהַצִּ֖יבu.le.ha.TzivH5324the goadsהַדָּרְבָֽן׃ha.da.re.VanH1861.

22So it came to pass in the dayבְּי֣וֹםbe.YomH3117of battleמִלְחֶ֔מֶתmil.Che.metH4421,that there was neither swordחֶ֤רֶבChe.revH2719nor spearוַחֲנִית֙va.cha.NitH2595foundנִמְצָ֜אnim.Tza'H4672in the handבְּיַ֣דbe.YadH3027of any of the peopleהָעָ֔םha.'AmH5971that werewith Saulשָׁא֖וּלsha.'UlH7586and Jonathanיוֹנָתָ֑ןyo.na.TanH3129:but with Saulלְשָׁא֔וּלle.sha.'UlH7586and with Jonathanוּלְיוֹנָתָ֖ןu.le.yo.na.TanH3129his sonבְּנֽוֹ׃be.NoH1121was there foundוַתִּמָּצֵ֣אva.ti.ma.Tze'H4672.

23And the garrisonמַצַּ֣בma.TzavH4673of the Philistinesפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔יםpe.lish.TimH6430went outוַיֵּצֵא֙vai.ye.Tze'H3318to the passageמַעֲבַ֖רma.'a.VarH4569of Michmashמִכְמָֽשׂ׃ סmikh.MasH4363.

Commentaries on 1 Samuel 13