New American Standard Bible 2020
1 Samuel 30
David’s Victory over the Amalekites
1Then it happenedוַיְהִ֞יvay.HiH1961,when Davidדָוִ֧דda.VidH1732and his menH376cameבְּבֹ֨אbe.Vo'H935toZiklagצִֽקְלַ֖גtzik.LagH6860on the thirdהַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑יha.she.li.ShiH7992dayבַּיּ֣וֹםbai.YomH3117, thatthe Amalekitesוַעֲמָלֵקִ֣יva.'a.mal.KiH6003had carriedH6584outH6584anH6584attackH6584on theNegevנֶ֙גֶב֙ne.gevH5045and onZiklagצִ֣קְלַ֔גtzik.LagH6860, and hadoverthrownוַיַּכּוּ֙vai.ya.KuH5221Ziklagצִ֣קְלַ֔גtzik.LagH6860and burnedוַיִּשְׂרְפ֥וּvai.yis.re.FuH8313it with fireבָּאֵֽשׁ׃ba.'EshH784;
2and they tookH7617captiveוַיִּשְׁבּ֨וּvai.yish.BuH7617the womenהַנָּשִׁ֤יםha.na.ShimH802and allwhoאֲשֶׁר־'a.Sher-H834were in it, fromH4480the smallמִקָּטֹ֣ןmi.ka.TonH6996to the greatגָּד֔וֹלga.DolH1419,withoutלֹ֥אlo'H3808killingהֵמִ֖יתוּhe.Mi.tuH4191anyoneאִ֑ישׁ'IshH376,and droveH5090themoffH5090and wentוַיֵּלְכ֖וּvai.ye.le.KhuH1980their wayלְדַרְכָּֽם׃le.dar.KamH1870.
3When Davidדָוִ֤דda.VidH1732and his menH376cameוַיָּבֹ֨אvai.ya.Vo'H935to the cityהָעִ֔ירha.'IrH5892,beholdוְהִנֵּ֥הve.hi.NehH2009,it was burnedשְׂרוּפָ֖הse.ru.FahH8313with fireבָּאֵ֑שׁba.'EshH784,and their wivesוּנְשֵׁיהֶ֛םu.ne.shei.HemH802,their sonsוּבְנֵיהֶ֥םu.ve.nei.HemH1121,and their daughtersוּבְנֹתֵיהֶ֖םu.ve.no.tei.HemH1323had been takenH7617captiveנִשְׁבּֽוּ׃nish.BuH7617.
4Then Davidדָוִ֜דda.VidH1732and the peopleוְהָעָ֧םve.ha.'AmH5971whoאֲשֶׁר־'a.Sher-H834were with himraisedוַיִּשָּׂ֨אvai.yi.Sa'H5375their voicesקוֹלָ֖םko.LamH6963and weptוַיִּבְכּ֑וּvai.yiv.KuH1058untilעַ֣ד אֲשֶׁ֧ר'ad 'a.SherH5704H834thereH369wasH369noH369strengthכֹּ֖חַKo.achH3581in them to weepלִבְכּֽוֹת׃liv.KotH1058.
5NowDavid’sדָוִ֖דda.VidH1732twoוּשְׁתֵּ֥יu.she.TeiH8147wivesנְשֵֽׁי־ne.shei-H802had been takenH7617captiveנִשְׁבּ֑וּnish.BuH7617,Ahinoamאֲחִינֹ֙עַם֙'a.chi.No.'amH293the JezreelitessH3159and Abigailוַאֲבִיגַ֕יִלva.'a.vi.Ga.yilH26thewidowאֵ֖שֶׁת'E.shetH802of Nabalנָבָ֥לna.ValH5037the Carmeliteהַֽכַּרְמְלִֽי׃Ha.kar.me.LiH3761.
6Also, Davidלְדָוִ֜דle.da.VidH1732wasH6887inH6887greatמְאֹ֗דme.'OdH3966distressH6887becauseH3588the peopleהָעָם֙ha.'AmH5971spokeאָמְר֤וּ'a.me.RuH559of stoningלְסָקְל֔וֹle.sa.ke.LoH5619him, for allכָּל־kol-H3605the peopleהָעָ֔םha.'AmH5971wereH4843embitteredH4843,eachH376oneH376becauseH5921of his sonsבָּנָ֣יוbe.novH1121and his daughtersבְּנֹתָ֑יוbe.no.TavH1323. ButDavidדָּוִ֔דda.VidH1732feltH2388strengthenedוַיִּתְחַזֵּ֣קvai.yit.cha.ZekH2388in the Lordבַּיהוָ֖הba.Yah.wehH3068his Godאֱלֹהָֽיו׃ ס'e.lo.HavH430.
7ThenDavidדָּוִ֗דda.VidH1732saidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559toAbiatharאֶבְיָתָ֤ר'ev.ya.TarH54the priestהַכֹּהֵן֙ha.ko.HenH3548,the sonבֶּן־ben-H1121of Ahimelechאֲחִימֶ֔לֶךְ'a.chi.Me.lekhH288, “Pleaseנָּ֥אna'H4994bringהַגִּֽישָׁה־ha.gi.shah-H5066me the ephodהָאֵפֹ֑דha.'e.FodH646.”So Abiatharאֶבְיָתָ֛ר'ev.ya.TarH54broughtוַיַּגֵּ֧שׁvai.ya.GeshH5066the ephodהָאֵפֹ֖דha.'e.FodH646to Davidדָּוִֽד׃da.VidH1732.
8AndDavidדָּוִ֤דda.VidH1732inquiredוַיִּשְׁאַ֨לvai.yish.'AlH7592of the Lordבַּֽיהוָה֙ba.Yah.wehH3068,sayingלֵאמֹ֔רle.MorH559, “Shall I pursueאֶרְדֹּ֛ף אַחֲרֵ֥י'er.Dof 'a.cha.ReiH7291H310thisהַזֶּ֖הha.ZehH2088bandהַגְּדוּד־ha.ge.dud-H1416ofH1416raidersH1416?Will I overtakeהַֽאַשִּׂגֶ֑נּוּha.'as.si.Ge.nuH5381them?” And He saidוַיֹּ֤אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559to him, “Pursueרְדֹ֔ףre.DofH7291,for you will certainlyהַשֵּׂ֥גha.SegH5381overtakeתַּשִּׂ֖יגta.SigH5381them,and you will certainlyוְהַצֵּ֥לve.ha.TzelH5337rescueתַּצִּֽיל׃ta.TzilH5337everyone.”
9So Davidדָּוִ֗דda.VidH1732leftוַיֵּ֣לֶךְvai.Ye.lekhH1980,he and the sixוְשֵׁשׁ־ve.shesh-H8337hundredמֵא֥וֹתme.'otH3967menאִישׁ֙'ishH376whoאֲשֶׁ֣ר'a.SherH834were with him, and they cameוַיָּבֹ֖אוּvai.ya.Vo.'uH935to the brookנַ֣חַלNa.chalH5158Besorהַבְּשׂ֑וֹרha.be.SorH1308, where somewho were leftH3498behindH3498stayedעָמָֽדוּ׃'a.Ma.duH5975.
10But Davidדָּוִ֔דda.VidH1732pursuedוַיִּרְדֹּ֣ףvai.yir.DofH7291,he and fourוְאַרְבַּע־ve.'ar.ba'-H702hundredמֵא֣וֹתme.'otH3967menH376, fortwo hundredמָאתַ֣יִםma.Ta.yimH3967whoאֲשֶׁ֣ר'a.SherH834were tooH4480exhaustedפִּגְּר֔וּpi.ge.RuH6296to crossמֵעֲבֹ֖רme.'a.VorH5674the brookנַ֥חַלNa.chalH5158Besorהַבְּשֽׂוֹר׃ha.be.SorH1308stayedוַיַּֽעַמְדוּ֙vai.ya.'am.DuH5975behind.
11Now they foundוַֽיִּמְצְא֤וּvai.yim.tze.'UH4672an Egyptianמִצְרִי֙mitz.RiH4713in the fieldבַּשָּׂדֶ֔הba.sa.DehH7704and broughtוַיִּקְח֥וּvai.yik.ChuH3947him to Davidדָּוִ֑דda.VidH1732,and gaveוַיִּתְּנוּ־vai.yi.te.nu-H5414him breadלֶ֙חֶם֙le.chemH3899and he ateוַיֹּ֔אכַלvai.Yo.khalH398,and they providedH8248him waterמָֽיִם׃Ma.yimH4325toH8248drinkוַיַּשְׁקֻ֖הוּvai.yash.Ku.huH8248.
12They also gaveוַיִּתְּנוּ־vai.yi.te.nu-H5414him a sliceפֶ֨לַחFe.lachH6400of figדְּבֵלָ֜הde.ve.LahH1690cakeH1690and twoוּשְׁנֵ֤יu.she.NeiH8147cakesH6778ofH6778raisinsצִמֻּקִים֙tzi.mu.KimH6778,and he ateוַיֹּ֔אכַלvai.Yo.khalH398;then his spiritרוּח֖וֹru.ChoH7307revivedוַתָּ֥שָׁבva.Ta.shovH7725.For he had not eatenאָ֤כַל'A.khalH398breadלֶ֙חֶם֙le.chemH3899or drunkשָׁ֣תָהSha.tahH8354waterמַ֔יִםMa.yimH4325for threeשְׁלֹשָׁ֥הshe.lo.ShahH7969daysיָמִ֖יםya.MimH3117and threeוּשְׁלֹשָׁ֥הu.she.lo.ShahH7969nightsלֵילֽוֹת׃ סlei.LotH3915.
13Then Davidדָוִד֙da.VidH1732saidוַיֹּ֨אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559to him, “To whomלְֽמִי־le.mi-H4310do you belong? And whereוְאֵ֥יve.'EiH335are you from?” And he saidוַיֹּ֜אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559, “I am a youngנַ֧עַרNa.'arH5288manH5288of Egyptמִצְרִ֣יmitz.RiH4713,a servantעֶ֚בֶד'E.vedH5650of an Amalekiteעֲמָֽלֵקִ֔י'a.mal.KiH6003;and my masterאֲדֹנִ֛י'a.do.NiH113abandonedוַיַּעַזְבֵ֧נִיvai.ya.'az.Ve.niH5800me whenכִּ֥יkiH3588I becameH2470sickחָלִ֖יתִיcha.Li.tiH2470threeשְׁלֹשָֽׁה׃she.lo.ShahH7969daysהַיּ֥וֹםhai.YomH3117ago.
14We carriedH6584outH6584anH6584attackH6584on theNegevנֶ֧גֶבNe.gevH5045of the Cherethitesהַכְּרֵתִ֛יha.ke.re.TiH3774,and on that whichאֲשֶׁ֥ר'a.SherH834belongs to Judahלִֽיהוּדָ֖הli.hu.DahH3063, and on theNegevנֶ֣גֶבNe.gevH5045of Calebכָּלֵ֑בka.LevH3612, andwe burnedשָׂרַ֥פְנוּsa.Raf.nuH8313Ziklagצִקְלַ֖גtzik.LagH6860with fireבָאֵֽשׁ׃va.'EshH784.”
15Then Davidדָּוִ֔דda.VidH1732saidוַיֹּ֤אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559to him, “Will you bringH3381me downהֲתוֹרִדֵ֖נִיha.to.ri.De.niH3381to thisהַזֶּ֑הha.ZehH2088bandהַגְּד֣וּדha.ge.DudH1416ofH1416raidersH1416?”And he saidוַיֹּ֡אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559, “Swearהִשָּׁבְעָה֩hi.sha.ve.'AhH7650to me by Godבֵֽאלֹהִ֜יםve.lo.HimH430that you will not killתְּמִיתֵ֗נִיte.mi.Te.niH4191me or handבְּיַד־be.yad-H5462H3027me overH5462to my masterאֲדֹנִ֔י'a.do.NiH113,and I will bringH3381you downוְאוֹרִֽדְךָ֖ve.'o.rid.KhaH3381to thisהַזֶּֽה׃ha.ZehH2088bandהַגְּד֥וּדha.ge.DudH1416.”
16Now when he had broughtH3381him downוַיֹּ֣רִדֵ֔הוּvai.Yo.ri.De.huH3381,beholdוְהִנֵּ֥הve.hi.NehH2009,they were dispersedנְטֻשִׁ֖יםne.tu.ShimH5203overעַל־'al-H5921allכָל־khol-H3605the landהָאָ֑רֶץha.'A.retzH776,eatingאֹכְלִ֤ים'o.khe.LimH398and drinkingוְשֹׁתִים֙ve.sho.TimH8354and celebratingוְחֹ֣גְגִ֔יםve.Cho.ge.GimH2287because ofallבְּכֹל֙be.KholH3605the greatהַגָּד֔וֹלha.ga.DolH1419plunderהַשָּׁלָ֣לha.sha.LalH7998that they had takenלָקְח֛וּla.ke.ChuH3947from the landמֵאֶ֥רֶץme.'E.retzH776of the Philistinesפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖יםpe.lish.TimH6430and from the landוּמֵאֶ֥רֶץu.me.'E.retzH776of Judahיְהוּדָֽה׃ye.hu.DahH3063.
17And Davidדָּוִ֛דda.VidH1732slaughteredוַיַּכֵּ֥םvai.ya.KemH5221themfrom the twilightמֵהַנֶּ֥שֶׁףme.ha.Ne.shefH5399untilוְעַד־ve.'ad-H5704the eveningהָעֶ֖רֶבha.'E.revH6153ofthe nextלְמָֽחֳרָתָ֑םle.mo.cho.ra.TamH4283dayH4283;and not a manH376of them escapedנִמְלַ֤טnim.LatH4422,exceptכִּי֩ אִם־ki 'im-H3588H518fourאַרְבַּ֨ע'ar.Ba'H702hundredמֵא֧וֹתme.'otH3967youngנַ֛עַרNa.'arH5288menH5288whoאֲשֶׁר־'a.Sher-H834rodeרָכְב֥וּra.khe.VuH7392oncamelsהַגְּמַלִּ֖יםha.ge.ma.LimH1581and fledH1272.
19And nothingוְלֹ֣אve.Lo'H3808of theirsH1992wasH5737missingH5737,whetherמִן־min-H4480smallהַקָּטֹ֨ןha.ka.TonH6996orH5704greatהַגָּד֜וֹלha.ga.DolH1419,sonsבָּנִ֤יםba.NimH1121or daughtersוּבָנוֹת֙u.va.nOtH1323,plunderוּמִשָּׁלָ֔לu.mi.sha.LalH7998,orH5704anythingכָּל־kol-H3605that they had takenלָקְח֖וּla.ke.ChuH3947for themselvesH1992;Davidדָּוִֽד׃da.VidH1732broughtH7725itallהַכֹּ֖לha.KolH3605backהֵשִׁ֥יבhe.ShivH7725.
20So Davidדָּוִ֔דda.VidH1732hadcapturedוַיִּקַּ֣חvai.yi.KachH3947allכָּל־kol-H3605the sheepהַצֹּ֖אןha.TzonH6629and the cattleוְהַבָּקָ֑רve.ha.ba.KarH1241which the peopledroveנָהֲג֗וּna.ha.GuH5090aheadלִפְנֵי֙lif.NeiH6440of the otherlivestockהַמִּקְנֶ֣הha.mik.NehH4735,and they saidוַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּvai.Yo.me.RuH559, “Thisזֶ֖הzehH2088is David’sדָּוִֽד׃da.VidH1732plunderשְׁלַ֥לshe.LalH7998.”
The Plunder Is Divided
21WhenDavidדָוִ֗דda.VidH1732cameוַיָּבֹ֣אvai.ya.Vo'H935to the two hundredמָאתַ֨יִםma.Ta.yimH3967menH376whoאֲשֶֽׁר־'a.Sher-H834were tooH4480exhaustedפִּגְּר֣וּ׀pi.ge.RuH6296to followמִלֶּ֣כֶת׀ אַחֲרֵ֣יmi.Le.khet 'a.cha.ReiH1980H310Davidדָוִ֗דda.VidH1732andhad been leftH3427behindH3427at the brookבְּנַ֣חַלbe.Na.chalH5158Besorהַבְּשׂ֔וֹרha.be.SorH1308,and they wentH3318outH3318to meetלִקְרַ֣אתlik.RatH7122Davidדָּוִ֔דda.VidH1732and to meetוְלִקְרַ֖אתve.lik.RatH7122the peopleהָעָ֣םha.'AmH5971whoאֲשֶׁר־'a.Sher-H834were with him, then Davidדָּוִד֙da.VidH1732approachedוַיִּגַּ֤שׁvai.yi.GashH5066the peopleהָעָ֔םha.'AmH5971and greetedוַיִּשְׁאַ֥ל לְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ סvai.yish.'Al le.sha.LomH7592H7965them.
22Then allכָּל־kol-H3605the wickedרָ֣עra'H7451andworthlessוּבְלִיַּ֗עַלu.ve.li.Ya.'alH1100menH376amongH4480those whoH834wentהָלְכ֣וּha.le.KhuH1980with Davidדָּוִד֒da.VidH1732saidוַיֹּאמְר֗וּvai.yo.me.RuH559, “Sinceיַ֚עַןYa.'anH3282H834they did not goהָלְכ֣וּha.le.KhuH1980withus, we will not giveנִתֵּ֣ןni.TenH5414them anyH4480of the spoilsמֵהַשָּׁלָ֖לme.ha.sha.LalH7998that we have recoveredהִצַּ֑לְנוּhi.Tzal.nuH5337,exceptכִּֽי־ אִם־ki- 'im-H3588H518to everyH376manH376his wifeאִשְׁתּוֹ֙'ish.ToH802and his childrenבָּנָ֔יוba.NavH1121,so that they may leadוְיִנְהֲג֖וּve.yin.ha.GuH5090themawayH5090and leaveוְיֵלֵֽכוּ׃ סve.ye.Le.khuH1980.”
23But Davidדָּוִ֔דda.VidH1732saidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559, “You must not doתַעֲשׂ֥וּta.'a.SuH6213soכֵ֖ןkhenH3651,my brothersאֶחָ֑י'e.ChaiH251,with whatאֲשֶׁר־'a.Sher-H834the Lordיְהוָ֥הYah.wehH3068has givenH5414us, for He has protectedוַיִּשְׁמֹ֣רvai.yish.MorH8104us and handedבְּיָדֵֽנוּ׃be.ya.De.nuH5414H3027overH5414to us the bandהַגְּד֛וּדha.ge.DudH1416ofH1416raidersH1416that cameהַבָּ֥אha.Ba'H935againstעָלֵ֖ינוּ'a.Lei.nuH5921us.
24And whoוּמִי֙u.MiH4310will listenיִשְׁמַ֣עyish.Ma'H8085to you in thisהַזֶּ֑הha.ZehH2088matterלַדָּבָ֖רla.da.VarH1697? For as isthe shareכְּחֵ֣לֶק׀ke.Che.lekH2506of the one who goesH3381downהַיֹּרֵ֣דhai.yo.RedH3381into the battleבַּמִּלְחָמָ֗הba.mil.cha.MahH4421, so shall bethe shareוּֽכְחֵ֛לֶקu.khe.Che.lekH2506of the one who staysהַיֹּשֵׁ֥בhai.yo.ShevH3427by the baggageהַכֵּלִ֖יםha.ke.LimH3627;they shall shareיַחֲלֹֽקוּ׃ סya.cha.Lo.kuH2505alikeH3164.”
25So it has beenוַיְהִ֕יvay.HiH1961from that dayמֵֽהַיּ֥וֹםme.hai.YomH3117forwardוָמָ֑עְלָהva.Ma.'e.lahH4605,that he madeוַיְשִׂמֶ֜הָvay.si.Me.haH7760it a statuteלְחֹ֤קle.ChokH2706and an ordinanceוּלְמִשְׁפָּט֙u.le.mish.PatH4941for Israelלְיִשְׂרָאֵ֔לle.Yis.ra.'ElH3478to thisהַזֶּֽה׃ פha.ZehH2088dayהַיּ֥וֹםhai.YomH3117.
26Now when Davidדָוִד֙da.VidH1732cameוַיָּבֹ֤אvai.ya.Vo'H935to Ziklagצִ֣קְלַ֔גtzik.LagH6860,he sentוַיְשַׁלַּ֧חvay.sha.LachH7971someof the spoilsמֵֽהַשָּׁלָ֛לme.ha.sha.LalH7998to the eldersלְזִקְנֵ֥יle.zik.NeiH2205of Judahיְהוּדָ֖הye.hu.DahH3063,to his friendsלְרֵעֵ֣הוּle.re.'E.huH7453,sayingלֵאמֹ֑רle.MorH559, “Beholdהִנֵּ֤הhi.NehH2009, agiftבְּרָכָ֔הbe.ra.KhahH1293for you from the spoilsמִשְּׁלַ֖לmi.she.LalH7998ofthe enemiesH340of the Lordיְהוָֽה׃Yah.wehH3068:
29to those whoוְלַאֲשֶׁ֣רve.la.'a.SherH834were in Racalבְּרָכָ֗לbe.ra.KhalH7403,to those whoוְלַֽאֲשֶׁר֙ve.la.'a.SherH834were in the citiesבְּעָרֵ֣יbe.'a.ReiH5892ofthe Jerahmeelitesהַיְּרַחְמְאֵלִ֔יhai.ye.rach.me.'e.LiH3397,to those whoוְלַאֲשֶׁ֖רve.la.'a.SherH834were in the citiesבְּעָרֵ֥יbe.'a.ReiH5892ofthe Kenitesהַקֵּינִֽי׃ha.kei.NiH7017,
Commentaries on 1 Samuel 30
- Adam Clarke Bible Commentary
- Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
- Matthew Henry Concise Commentary
- Tyndale Open Study Notes
- Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary
- Rashi on Tanakh
- Keil & Delitzsch Commentary
- John Wesley’s Notes
- Darby Translation Notes
- Geneva Bible Translation Notes
- Kingcomments
- Matthew Henry’s Complete Commentary
- Matthew Henry’s Modern English Commentary
- Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary
- EGW Writings
New American Standard Bible 2020 — © 1960–2020 The Lockman Foundation. All rights reserved.
Commentaries