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1 Samuel 23
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New American Standard Bible 2020

1 Samuel 23

David Saves Keilah

1Then they informedוַיַּגִּ֥דוּvai.ya.Gi.duH5046Davidלְדָוִ֖דle.da.VidH1732,sayingלֵאמֹ֑רle.MorH559, “Beholdהִנֵּ֤הhi.NehH2009,the Philistinesפְלִשְׁתִּים֙fe.lish.TimH6430are fightingנִלְחָמִ֣יםnil.cha.MimH3898againstKeilahבִּקְעִילָ֔הbik.'i.LahH7084and are plunderingשֹׁסִ֥יםsho.SimH8154the threshingהַגֳּרָנֽוֹת׃ha.go.ra.NotH1637floorsH1637.”
2So Davidדָּוִ֤דda.VidH1732inquiredוַיִּשְׁאַ֨לvai.yish.'AlH7592of the Lordבַּֽיהוָה֙ba.Yah.wehH3068,sayingלֵאמֹ֔רle.MorH559, “Shall I goהַאֵלֵ֣ךְha.'e.LekhH1980andattackוְהִכֵּ֔יתִיve.hi.Kei.tiH5221theseהָאֵ֑לֶּה סha.'E.lehH428Philistinesבַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖יםba.pe.lish.TimH6430?”And the Lordיְהוָ֜הYah.wehH3068saidוַיֹּ֨אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559to Davidדָּוִ֗דda.VidH1732, “Goלֵ֚ךְlekhH1980andattackוְהִכִּ֣יתָve.hi.Ki.taH5221the Philistinesבַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔יםva.pe.lish.TimH6430and saveוְהוֹשַׁעְתָּ֖ve.ho.sha'.TaH3467Keilahקְעִילָֽה׃ke.'i.LahH7084.”
3But David’sדָוִד֙da.VidH1732menH376saidוַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּvai.Yo.me.RuH559to him, “Beholdהִנֵּ֨הhi.NehH2009,we areH3372fearfulH3372hereפֹ֛הfohH6311in Judahבִּֽיהוּדָ֖הbi.hu.DahH3063.HowH637muchH637H3588moreH637H3588then ifH3588we goנֵלֵ֣ךְne.LekhH1980to Keilahקְעִלָ֔הke.'i.LahH7084againstH413the ranksמַֽעַרְכ֖וֹתma.'ar.KhotH4634of the Philistinesפְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ סpe.lish.TimH6430?”
4So Davidדָּוִד֙da.VidH1732inquiredלִשְׁאֹ֣לlish.'OlH7592of the Lordבַּֽיהוָ֔ה סba.Yah.wehH3068onceוַיּ֨וֹסֶףvai.Yo.sefH3254H5750moreH5750.And the Lordיְהוָ֑הYah.wehH3068answeredוַֽיַּעֲנֵ֖הוּvai.ya.'a.Ne.huH6030him and saidוַיֹּ֗אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559, “Ariseק֚וּםkumH6965,goרֵ֣דredH3381downH3381to Keilahקְעִילָ֔הke.'i.LahH7084, forI am going to handבְּיָדֶֽךָ׃be.ya.De.khaH5414H3027the Philistinesפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖יםpe.lish.TimH6430overH5414to you.”
5Then Davidדָּוִד֩da.VidH1732and his menH376wentוַיֵּ֣לֶךְvai.Ye.lekhH1980to Keilahקְעִילָ֜הke.'i.LahH7084and foughtוַיִּלָּ֣חֶםvai.yi.La.chemH3898the Philistinesבַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗יםba.pe.lish.TimH6430;and he droveH5090awayוַיִּנְהַג֙vai.yin.HagH5090their livestockמִקְנֵיהֶ֔םmik.nei.HemH4735and struckוַיַּ֥ךְvai.YakhH5221them with a greatגְדוֹלָ֑הge.do.LahH1419slaughterמַכָּ֣הma.KahH4347.So Davidדָּוִ֔דda.VidH1732savedוַיֹּ֣שַׁעvai.Yo.sha'H3467the inhabitantsיֹשְׁבֵ֥יyo.she.VeiH3427of Keilahקְעִילָֽה׃ סke.'i.LahH7084.
6Now it cameH1961aboutH1961,when Abiatharאֶבְיָתָ֧ר'ev.ya.TarH54the sonבֶּן־ben-H1121of Ahimelechאֲחִימֶ֛לֶךְ'a.chi.Me.lekhH288fledבִּ֠בְרֹחַBiv.ro.achH1272to Davidדָּוִ֖דda.VidH1732at Keilahקְעִילָ֑הke.'i.LahH7084, thathe cameH3381downיָרַ֥דya.RadH3381withan ephodאֵפ֖וֹד'e.FodH646in his handבְּיָדֽוֹ׃be.ya.DoH3027.
7When it was reportedוַיֻּגַּ֣דvai.yu.GadH5046to Saulלְשָׁא֔וּלle.sha.'UlH7586that Davidדָוִ֖דda.VidH1732had comeבָ֥אva'H935to Keilahקְעִילָ֑הke.'i.LahH7084,Saulשָׁא֗וּלsha.'UlH7586saidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559, “Godאֱלֹהִים֙'E.lo.HimH430has handedבְּיָדִ֔יbe.ya.DiH5235H3027him overH5235to me, for he shutנִסְגַּ֣רnis.GarH5462himself inH5462by enteringלָב֔וֹאla.Vo'H935a cityבְּעִ֖ירbe.'IrH5892with double gatesדְּלָתַ֥יִםde.la.Ta.yimH1817and barsוּבְרִֽיחַ׃u.ve.Ri.achH1280.”
8So Saulשָׁא֛וּלsha.'UlH7586summonedוַיְשַׁמַּ֥עvay.sha.Ma'H8085allכָּל־kol-H3605the peopleהָעָ֖םha.'AmH5971for warלַמִּלְחָמָ֑הla.mil.cha.MahH4421,to goלָרֶ֣דֶתla.Re.detH3381downH3381to Keilahקְעִילָ֔הke.'i.LahH7084to besiegeלָצ֥וּרla.TzurH6696Davidדָּוִ֖דda.VidH1732and his menH376.
9But Davidדָּוִ֔דda.VidH1732knewוַיֵּ֣דַעvai.Ye.da'H3045that Saulשָׁא֖וּלsha.'UlH7586was plottingמַחֲרִ֣ישׁma.cha.RishH2790evilH7463againstעָלָ֔יו'a.LavH5921him; so he saidוַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙vai.Yo.merH559toAbiatharאֶבְיָתָ֣ר'ev.ya.TarH54the priestהַכֹּהֵ֔ןha.ko.HenH3548, “Bringהַגִּ֖ישָׁהha.Gi.shahH5066the ephodהָאֵפֽוֹד׃ סha.'e.FodH646hereH5066.”
10Then Davidדָּוִד֒da.VidH1732saidוַיֹּאמֶר֮vai.yo.MerH559, “Lordיְהוָה֙Yah.wehH3068Godאֱלֹהֵ֣י'e.lo.HeiH430of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֔לYis.ra.'ElH3478,Your servantעַבְדְּךָ֔'av.de.KhaH5650has heardH8085forH8085certainH8085that Saulשָׁא֖וּלsha.'UlH7586is seekingמְבַקֵּ֥שׁme.va.KeshH1245to comeלָב֣וֹאla.Vo'H935to Keilahקְעִילָ֑הke.'i.LahH7084to destroyלְשַׁחֵ֥תle.sha.ChetH7843the cityלָעִ֖ירla.'IrH5892on my accountבַּעֲבוּרִֽי׃ba.'a.vu.RiH5668.
11Will the citizensבַעֲלֵי֩va.'a.LeiH1167of Keilahקְעִילָ֨הke.'i.LahH7084handH5462me overH5462to him? Will Saulשָׁא֗וּלsha.'UlH7586comeהֲיֵרֵ֣דha.ye.RedH3381downH3381justH3512asH3512Your servantעַבְדֶּ֔ךָ'av.De.khaH5650has heardשָׁמַ֣עsha.Ma'H8085? Lordיְהוָה֙Yah.wehH3068Godאֱלֹהֵ֣י'e.lo.HeiH430of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֔לYis.ra.'ElH3478,pleaseנָ֖אna'H4994,tellהַגֶּד־ha.ged-H5046Your servantלְעַבְדֶּ֑ךָ סle.'av.De.khaH5650.”And the Lordיְהוָ֖הYah.wehH3068saidוַיֹּ֥אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559, “He will comeיֵרֵֽד׃ye.RedH3381downH3381.”
12Then Davidדָּוִ֔דda.VidH1732saidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559, “Will the citizensבַּעֲלֵ֧יba.'a.LeiH1167of Keilahקְעִילָ֛הke.'i.LahH7084handH5462me and my menH376overH5462to Saulשָׁא֑וּלsha.'UlH7586?”And the Lordיְהוָ֖הYah.wehH3068saidוַיֹּ֥אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559, “They will handH5462you overH5462.”
13Then Davidדָּוִ֨דda.VidH1732and his menאִ֗ישׁ'IshH376,about sixכְּשֵׁשׁ־ke.shesh-H8337hundredמֵא֣וֹתme.'otH3967,roseH6965upH6965and departedוַיֵּצְאוּ֙vai.ye.tze.'UH3318from Keilahמִקְּעִלָ֔הmi.ke.'i.LahH7084,and they wentוַיִּֽתְהַלְּכ֖וּvai.yit.ha.le.KhuH1980whereverבַּאֲשֶׁ֣רba.'a.SherH834they could goיִתְהַלָּ֑כוּyit.ha.La.khuH1980.When it was reportedהֻגַּ֗דhu.GadH5046to Saulוּלְשָׁא֣וּלu.le.sha.'UlH7586that Davidדָּוִד֙da.VidH1732had escapedנִמְלַ֤טnim.LatH4422from Keilahמִקְּעִילָ֔הmi.ke.'i.LahH7084,he gaveH2308upH2308the pursuitלָצֵֽאת׃la.TzetH3318.
14Davidדָּוִ֤דda.VidH1732stayedוַיֵּ֨שֶׁבvai.Ye.shevH3427in the wildernessבַּמִּדְבָּר֙ba.mid.BarH4057in the strongholdsבַּמְּצָד֔וֹתba.me.tza.DotH4679,and remainedוַיֵּ֥שֶׁבvai.Ye.shevH3427in the hillבָּהָ֖רba.HarH2022countryH2022in the wildernessבְּמִדְבַּר־be.mid.bar-H4057ofZiphזִ֑יףZifH2128.And Saulשָׁאוּל֙sha.'UlH7586searchedוַיְבַקְשֵׁ֤הוּvay.vak.She.huH1245for him everyכָּל־kol-H3605dayהַיָּמִ֔יםhai.ya.MimH3117, butGodאֱלֹהִ֖ים'E.lo.HimH430did not handבְּיָדֽוֹ׃be.ya.DoH3027H5414him overH5414to him.

Saul Pursues David

15Now Davidדָוִ֔דda.VidH1732sawוַיַּ֣רְאvai.Yar'H7200that Saulשָׁא֖וּלsha.'UlH7586had comeיָצָ֥אya.Tza'H3318outH3318to seekלְבַקֵּ֣שׁle.va.KeshH1245his lifeנַפְשׁ֑וֹnaf.ShoH5315while Davidוְדָוִ֥דve.da.VidH1732was in the wildernessבְּמִדְבַּר־be.mid.bar-H4057of Ziphזִ֖יףzifH2128,at Horeshבַּחֹֽרְשָׁה׃ סba.Cho.re.shahH2793.
16And Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֣ןye.ho.na.TanH3083,Saul’sשָׁא֔וּלsha.'UlH7586sonבֶּן־ben-H1121,setH6965outH6965and wentוַיֵּ֥לֶךְvai.Ye.lekhH1980to Davidדָּוִ֖דda.VidH1732at Horeshחֹ֑רְשָׁהCho.re.shahH2793, andencouragedוַיְחַזֵּ֥ק יָד֖וֹvay.cha.Zek ya.DoH2388H3027him in Godבֵּאלֹהִֽים׃be.lo.HimH430.
17He saidוַיֹּ֨אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559to him, “Do not beH3372afraidתִּירָ֗אti.Ra'H3372,becauseכִּ֠יkiH3588the handיַ֚דyadH3027of Saulשָׁא֣וּלsha.'UlH7586my fatherאָבִ֔י'a.ViH1will not findתִֽמְצָאֲךָ֙tim.tza.'a.KhaH4672you, and you will beH4427kingH4427overעַל־'al-H5921Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֔לYis.ra.'ElH3478,and I will be secondH4932inH4932commandH4932to you; andSaulשָׁא֥וּלsha.'UlH7586my fatherאָבִ֖י'a.ViH1knowsיֹדֵ֥עַyo.De.a'H3045that asH1571wellH1571.”
18Sothe twoשְׁנֵיהֶ֛םshe.nei.HemH8147of them madeוַיִּכְרְת֧וּvai.yikh.re.TuH3772a covenantבְּרִ֖יתbe.RitH1285beforeלִפְנֵ֣יlif.NeiH6440the Lordיְהוָ֑הYah.wehH3068;and Davidדָּוִד֙da.VidH1732stayedוַיֵּ֤שֶׁבvai.Ye.shevH3427at Horeshבַּחֹ֔רְשָׁהba.Cho.re.shahH2793,while Jonathanוִיהוֹנָתָ֖ןvi.ho.na.TanH3083wentהָלַ֥ךְha.LakhH1980to his houseלְבֵיתֽוֹ׃ סle.vei.ToH1004.
19ThenZiphitesזִפִים֙zi.FimH2130cameH5927upH5927to Saulשָׁא֔וּלsha.'UlH7586at Gibeahהַגִּבְעָ֖תָהha.giv.'A.tahH1390,sayingלֵאמֹ֑רle.MorH559, “Is Davidדָ֠וִדDa.vidH1732not keepingH5641himself hiddenH5641with us in the strongholdsבַמְּצָדוֹת֙va.me.tza.dOtH4679at Horeshבַּחֹ֔רְשָׁהba.Cho.re.shahH2793, onthe hillבְּגִבְעַת֙be.giv.'AtH1389of Hachilahהַֽחֲכִילָ֔הha.cha.khi.LahH2444,whichאֲשֶׁ֖ר'a.SherH834is southמִימִ֥יןmi.MinH3225ofJeshimonהַיְשִׁימֽוֹן׃hay.shi.MonH3452?
20Nowוְ֠עַתָּהVe.'a.tahH6258then, O kingהַמֶּ֛לֶךְha.Me.lekhH4428,comeH3381downH3381,since you fullyלְכָל־le.kholH3605desireאַוַּ֨ת'a.VatH185todoH3381soH3381; and our part shall beto handH5462him overH5462to the kingהַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ha.Me.lekhH4428.”
21Saulשָׁא֔וּלsha.'UlH7586saidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559, “May you be blessedבְּרוּכִ֥יםbe.ru.KhimH1288of the Lordלַֽיהוָ֑הla.Yah.wehH3068,sinceכִּ֥יkiH3588you have hadH2550compassionחֲמַלְתֶּ֖םcha.mal.TemH2550on me.
22Goלְכוּ־le.khu-H1980nowנָ֞אna'H4994,beH3559moreע֗וֹדodH5750persistentH3559,and investigateוּדְע֤וּu.de.'UH3045and seeוּרְאוּ֙u.re.'UH7200his placeמְקוֹמוֹ֙me.ko.MoH4725whereאֲשֶׁ֣ר'a.SherH834he is hidingרַגְל֔וֹrag.LoH7272, andwhoמִ֥יmiH4310has seenרָאָ֖הוּra.'A.huH7200him thereשָׁ֑םShamH8033;for I am toldאָמַ֣ר'a.MarH559that he is veryעָר֥וֹםa.RomH6191cunningיַעְרִ֖םya'.RimH6191.
23So lookוּרְא֣וּu.re.'UH7200,and learnוּדְע֗וּu.de.'UH3045aboutH4480allמִכֹּ֤לmi.KolH3605the hidingהַמַּֽחֲבֹאִים֙ha.ma.cha.vo.'ImH4224placesH4224whereאֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁ֔ם'a.Sher ShamH834H8033he keepsH2244himself hiddenH2244,and returnוְשַׁבְתֶּ֤םve.shav.TemH7725to me with certaintyנָכ֔וֹןna.KhonH3559,and I will goוְהָלַכְתִּ֖יve.ha.lakh.TiH1980with you; and ifאִם־'im-H518he is in the landבָאָ֔רֶץva.'A.retzH776,I will searchוְחִפַּשְׂתִּ֣יve.chi.pas.TiH2664him outH2664among allבְּכֹ֖לbe.KholH3605the thousandsאַלְפֵ֥י'al.FeiH505of Judahיְהוּדָֽה׃ye.hu.DahH3063.”
24So they setH6965outH6965and wentוַיֵּלְכ֥וּvai.ye.le.KhuH1980to Ziphזִ֖יפָהZi.fahH2128aheadלִפְנֵ֣יlif.NeiH6440of Saulשָׁא֑וּלsha.'UlH7586.Now Davidוְדָוִ֨דve.da.VidH1732and his menH376were in the wildernessבְּמִדְבַּ֤רbe.mid.BarH4057ofMaonמָעוֹן֙ma.'OnH4584,in the Arabahבָּעֲרָבָ֔הba.'a.ra.VahH6160to the southיְמִ֥יןye.MinH3225ofJeshimonהַיְשִׁימֽוֹן׃hay.shi.MonH3452.
25When Saulשָׁא֣וּלsha.'UlH7586and his menH376wentוַיֵּ֨לֶךְvai.Ye.lekhH1980to seekלְבַקֵּשׁ֒le.va.KeshH1245him,they informedוַיַּגִּ֣דוּvai.ya.Gi.duH5046Davidלְדָוִ֔דle.da.VidH1732,and he cameH3381downוַיֵּ֣רֶדvai.Ye.redH3381to the rockהַסֶּ֔לַעha.Se.la'H5553and stayedוַיֵּ֖שֶׁבvai.Ye.shevH3427in the wildernessבְּמִדְבַּ֣רbe.mid.BarH4057of Maonמָע֑וֹןma.'onH4584.And when Saulשָׁא֔וּלsha.'UlH7586heardוַיִּשְׁמַ֣עvai.yish.Ma'H8085about it,he pursuedוַיִּרְדֹּ֥ף אַחֲרֵֽי־vai.yir.Dof 'a.cha.rei-H7291H310Davidדָוִ֖דda.VidH1732in the wildernessמִדְבַּ֥רmid.BarH4057of Maonמָעֽוֹן׃ma.'onH4584.
26Saulשָׁא֜וּלsha.'UlH7586wentH1980on oneמִזֶּ֔הmi.ZehH2088sideמִצַּ֤דmi.TzadH6654of the mountainהָהָר֙ha.HarH2022,and Davidוְדָוִ֧דve.da.VidH1732and his menH376on the otherמִזֶּ֑הmi.ZehH2088sideמִצַּ֥דmi.TzadH6654of the mountainהָהָ֖רha.HarH2022;and Davidדָוִ֜דda.VidH1732was hurryingנֶחְפָּ֤זnech.PazH2648to getH1980awayH1980from Saulשָׁא֔וּלsha.'UlH7586,while Saulוְשָׁא֣וּלve.sha.'UlH7586and his menH376were surroundingעֹֽטְרִ֛ים'o.te.RimH5849Davidדָּוִ֥דda.VidH1732and his menH376to apprehendלְתָפְשָֽׂם׃le.ta.fe.SamH8610them.
27But a messengerוּמַלְאָ֣ךְu.mal.'AkhH4397cameבָּ֔אBa'H935to Saulשָׁא֖וּלsha.'UlH7586,sayingלֵאמֹ֑רle.MorH559, “Hurryמַהֲרָ֣הma.ha.RahH4116and comeוְלֵ֔כָהve.Le.khahH1980,for the Philistinesפְלִשְׁתִּ֖יםfe.lish.TimH6430have launchedH6584anH6584attackH6584againstעַל־'al-H5921the landהָאָֽרֶץ׃ha.'A.retzH776!”
28So Saulשָׁא֗וּלsha.'UlH7586returnedוַיָּ֣שָׁבvai.Ya.shovH7725from pursuingמִרְדֹף֙ אַחֲרֵ֣יmir.Dof 'a.cha.ReiH7291H310Davidדָוִ֔דda.VidH1732and wentוַיֵּ֖לֶךְvai.Ye.lekhH1980to confrontלִקְרַ֣אתlik.RatH7122the Philistinesפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑יםpe.lish.TimH6430;thereforeעַל־ כֵּ֗ן'al- KenH5921H3651they calledקָֽרְאוּ֙ka.re.'UH7121that placeלַמָּק֣וֹםla.ma.KomH4725the RockH5553of DivisionH4256.
29And Davidדָּוִ֖דda.VidH1732wentH5927upH5927from thereמִשָּׁ֑םmi.ShamH8033and stayedוַיֵּ֖שֶׁבvai.Ye.shevH3427in the strongholdsבִּמְצָד֥וֹתbim.tza.DotH4679ofEngediH5872.

Commentaries on 1 Samuel 23

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