Revised Literal Translation

Exodus 10

1And Yhwhיְהוָה֙Yah.wehH3068saidוַיֹּ֤אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559unto Mosesמֹשֶׁ֔הmo.ShehH4872,Goבֹּ֖אbo'H935in unto Pharaohפַּרְעֹ֑הpar.'OhH6547:for I have hardenedהִכְבַּ֤דְתִּיhikh.Bad.tiH3513his heartלִבּוֹ֙li.BoH3820,and the heartלֵ֣בlevH3820of his servantsעֲבָדָ֔יו'a.va.DavH5650,that I might shewשִׁתִ֛יshi.TiH7896these my signsאֹתֹתַ֥י'o.to.TaiH226beforeבְּקִרְבּֽוֹ׃be.kir.bovH7130him:

2And that thou mayest tellתְּסַפֵּר֩te.sa.PerH5608in the earsבְּאָזְנֵ֨יbe.'a.ze.NeiH241of thy sonבִנְךָ֜vin.KhaH1121,and of thy son’sוּבֶן־u.ven-H1121sonבִּנְךָ֗bin.KhaH1121,what things I have wroughtהִתְעַלַּ֙לְתִּי֙hit.'a.Lal.tiH5953in Egyptבְּמִצְרַ֔יִםbe.mitz.Ra.yimH4714,and my signsאֹתֹתַ֖י'o.to.TaiH226which I have doneשַׂ֣מְתִּיSam.tiH7760among them; that ye may knowוִֽידַעְתֶּ֖םvi.da'.TemH3045how that I amYhwhיְהוָֽה׃Yah.wehH3068.

3And Mosesמֹשֶׁ֣הmo.ShehH4872and Aaronוְאַהֲרֹן֮ve.'a.ha.RonH175came inוַיָּבֹ֨אvai.ya.Vo'H935unto Pharaohפַּרְעֹה֒par.'OhH6547,and saidוַיֹּאמְר֣וּvai.yo.me.RuH559unto him, Thus saithאָמַ֤ר'a.MarH559Yhwhיְהוָה֙Yah.wehH3068Godאֱלֹהֵ֣י'e.lo.HeiH430of the Hebrewsהָֽעִבְרִ֔יםha.'iv.RimH5680,How longמָתַ֣יma.TaiH4970wilt thou refuseמֵאַ֔נְתָּme.'An.taH3985to humbleלֵעָנֹ֖תle.'a.NotH6031thyself beforeמִפָּנָ֑יmi.pa.NaiH6440me? let my peopleעַמִּ֖י'a.MiH5971goשַׁלַּ֥חsha.LachH7971,that they may serveוְיַֽעַבְדֻֽנִי׃ve.Ya.'av.Du.niH5647me.

4Elseכִּ֛יkiH3588,if thou refuseמָאֵ֥ןma.'EnH3986to let my peopleעַמִּ֑י'a.MiH5971goלְשַׁלֵּ֣חַle.sha.Le.achH7971,behold, to morrowמָחָ֛רma.CharH4279will I bringמֵבִ֥יאme.Vi'H935the locustsאַרְבֶּ֖ה'ar.BehH697into thy coastבִּגְבֻלֶֽךָ׃big.vu.Le.khaH1366:

5And they shall coverוְכִסָּה֙ve.khi.SahH3680the faceעֵ֣ין'einH5869of the earthהָאָ֔רֶץha.'A.retzH776,that one cannot be ableיוּכַ֖לyu.KhalH3201to seeלִרְאֹ֣תlir.'OtH7200the earthהָאָ֑רֶץha.'A.retzH776:and they shall eatוְאָכַ֣ל׀ve.'a.KhalH398the residueיֶ֣תֶרYe.terH3499of that which is escapedהַפְּלֵטָ֗הha.pe.le.TahH6413,which remainethהַנִּשְׁאֶ֤רֶתha.nish.'E.retH7604unto you from the hailהַבָּרָ֔דha.ba.RadH1259,and shall eatוְאָכַל֙ve.'a.KhalH398every treeהָעֵ֔ץha.'EtzH6086which growethהַצֹּמֵ֥חַha.tzo.Me.achH6779for you out of the fieldהַשָּׂדֶֽה׃ha.sa.DehH7704:

6And they shall fillוּמָלְא֨וּu.mal.'UH4390thy housesבָתֶּ֜יךָva.Tei.khaH1004,and the housesוּבָתֵּ֣יu.va.TeiH1004of all thy servantsעֲבָדֶיךָ֮'a.va.dei.KhaH5650,and the housesוּבָתֵּ֣יu.va.TeiH1004of all the EgyptiansH4714;which neither thy fathersאֲבֹתֶ֙יךָ֙'a.vo.Tei.khaH1,nor thy fathers’וַאֲב֣וֹתva.'a.VotH1fathersאֲבֹתֶ֔יךָ'a.vo.Tei.khaH1have seenרָא֤וּra.'UH7200,since the dayמִיּ֗וֹםmi.YomH3117that they were upon the earthהָ֣אֲדָמָ֔הha.'a.da.MahH127unto this dayהַיּ֣וֹםhai.YomH3117.And he turnedוַיִּ֥פֶןvai.Yi.fenH6437himself, and went outוַיֵּצֵ֖אvai.ye.Tze'H3318from Pharaohפַּרְעֹֽה׃par.'OhH6547.

7And Pharaoh’sפַרְעֹ֜הfar.'OhH6547servantsעַבְדֵ֨י'av.DeiH5650saidוַיֹּאמְרוּ֩vai.yo.me.RuH559unto him, How long shall this man be a snareלְמוֹקֵ֔שׁle.mo.KeshH4170unto us? let the menהָ֣אֲנָשִׁ֔יםha.'a.na.ShimH582goשַׁלַּח֙sha.LachH7971,that they may serveוְיַֽעַבְד֖וּve.ya.'av.DuH5647Yhwhיְהוָ֣הYah.wehH3068their Godאֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם'e.lo.hei.HemH430:knowestתֵּדַ֔עte.Da'H3045thou not yetהֲטֶ֣רֶםha.Te.remH2962that Egyptמִצְרָֽיִם׃mitz.Ra.yimH4714is destroyedאָבְדָ֖ה'a.ve.DahH6?

8And Mosesמֹשֶׁ֤הmo.ShehH4872and Aaronאַהֲרֹן֙'a.ha.RonH175were brought againוַיּוּשַׁ֞בvai.yu.ShavH7725unto Pharaohפַּרְעֹ֔הpar.'OhH6547:and he saidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559unto them, GoH3212,serveעִבְד֖וּ'iv.DuH5647Yhwhיְהוָ֣הYah.wehH3068your Godאֱלֹהֵיכֶ֑ם'e.lo.hei.KhemH430: but who arethey that shall goH1980?

9And Mosesמֹשֶׁ֔הmo.ShehH4872saidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559,We will goH3212with our youngבִּנְעָרֵ֥ינוּbin.'a.Rei.nuH5288and with our oldוּבִזְקֵנֵ֖ינוּu.viz.ke.Nei.nuH2205,with our sonsבְּבָנֵ֨ינוּbe.va.Nei.nuH1121and with our daughtersוּבִבְנוֹתֵ֜נוּu.viv.no.Te.nuH1323,with our flocksבְּצֹאנֵ֤נוּbe.tzo.Ne.nuH6629and with our herdsוּבִבְקָרֵ֙נוּ֙u.viv.ka.Re.nuH1241will we goH3212; for we must holda feastחַג־chag-H2282unto Yhwhיְהוָ֖הYah.wehH3068.

10And he saidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559unto them, Let Yhwhיְהוָה֙Yah.wehH3068be so with you, as I will let you goאֲשַׁלַּ֥ח'a.sha.LachH7971,and your little onesטַפְּכֶ֑םta.pe.KhemH2945:lookרְא֕וּre.'UH7200to it;for evilרָעָ֖הra.'AhH7451isbeforeפְּנֵיכֶֽם׃pe.nei.KhemH6440you.

11Not so: goH3212now ye that aremenהַגְּבָרִים֙ha.ge.va.RimH1397,and serveוְעִבְד֣וּve.'iv.DuH5647Yhwhיְהוָ֔הYah.wehH3068;for that ye did desireמְבַקְשִׁ֑יםme.vak.ShimH1245.And they were driven outוַיְגָ֣רֶשׁvay.Ga.reshH1644from Pharaoh’sפַרְעֹֽה׃ פfar.'OhH6547presenceפְּנֵ֥יpe.NeiH6440.

12And Yhwhיְהוָ֜הYah.wehH3068saidוַיֹּ֨אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559unto Mosesמֹשֶׁ֗הmo.ShehH4872,Stretch outנְטֵ֨הne.TehH5186thine handיָדְךָ֜ya.de.KhaH3027over the landאֶ֤רֶץ'E.retzH776of Egyptמִצְרַ֙יִם֙mitz.Ra.yimH4714for the locustsבָּֽאַרְבֶּ֔הba.'ar.BehH697,that they may come upוְיַ֖עַלve.Ya.'alH5927upon the landאֶ֣רֶץ'E.retzH776of Egyptמִצְרָ֑יִםmitz.Ra.yimH4714,and eatוְיֹאכַל֙ve.yo.KhalH398every herbעֵ֣שֶׂב'E.sevH6212of the landהָאָ֔רֶץha.'A.retzH776, evenall that the hailהַבָּרָֽד׃ha.ba.RadH1259hath leftהִשְׁאִ֖ירhish.'IrH7604.

13And Mosesמֹשֶׁ֣הmo.ShehH4872stretched forthוַיֵּ֨טvai.YetH5186his rodמַטֵּהוּ֮ma.te.HuH4294over the landאֶ֣רֶץ'E.retzH776of Egyptמִצְרַיִם֒mitz.ra.YimH4714,And Yhwhוַֽיהוָ֗הva.Yah.wehH3068broughtנִהַ֤גni.HagH5090an eastקָדִים֙ka.DimH6921windר֥וּחַRu.achH7307upon the landבָּאָ֔רֶץba.'A.retzH776all that dayהַיּ֥וֹםhai.YomH3117, and all thatnightהַלָּ֑יְלָהha.La.ye.lahH3915; andwhen it was morningהַבֹּ֣קֶרha.Bo.kerH1242,the eastהַקָּדִ֔יםha.ka.DimH6921windוְר֙וּחַ֙ve.Ru.achH7307broughtנָשָׂ֖אna.Sa'H5375the locustsהָאַרְבֶּֽה׃ha.'ar.BehH697.

14And the locustsהָֽאַרְבֶּ֗הha.'ar.BehH697went upוַיַּ֣עַלvai.Ya.'alH5927over all the landאֶ֣רֶץ'E.retzH776of Egyptמִצְרַ֔יִםmitz.Ra.yimH4714,and restedוַיָּ֕נַחvai.Ya.nachH5117in all the coastsגְּב֣וּלge.VulH1366of Egyptמִצְרָ֑יִםmitz.Ra.yimH4714:veryמְאֹ֔דme.'OdH3966grievousכָּבֵ֣דka.VedH3515were they;beforeלְ֠פָנָיוLe.fa.navH6440them there were no suchH3651locustsאַרְבֶּה֙'ar.BehH697as they, neither afterוְאַחֲרָ֖יוve.'a.cha.RavH310them shall be such.

15For they coveredוַיְכַ֞סvay.KhasH3680the faceעֵ֣ין'einH5869of the whole earthהָאָרֶץ֮ha.'a.RetzH776,so that the landהָאָרֶץ֒ha.'a.RetzH776was darkenedוַתֶּחְשַׁ֣ךְva.tech.ShakhH2821;and they did eatוַיֹּ֜אכַלvai.Yo.khalH398every herbעֵ֣שֶׂב'E.sevH6212of the landהָאָ֗רֶץha.'A.retzH776,and all the fruitפְּרִ֣יpe.RiH6529of the treesהָעֵ֔ץha.'EtzH6086which the hailהַבָּרָ֑דha.ba.RadH1259had leftהוֹתִ֖ירho.TirH3498:and there remainedנוֹתַ֨רno.TarH3498not any green thingיֶ֧רֶקYe.rekH3418in the treesבָּעֵ֛ץba.'EtzH6086,or in the herbsוּבְעֵ֥שֶׂבu.ve.'E.sevH6212of the fieldהַשָּׂדֶ֖הha.sa.DehH7704,through all the landאֶ֥רֶץ'E.retzH776of Egyptמִצְרָֽיִם׃mitz.Ra.yimH4714.

16Then Pharaohפַּרְעֹ֔הpar.'OhH6547calledלִקְרֹ֖אlik.Ro'H7121for Mosesלְמֹשֶׁ֣הle.mo.ShehH4872and Aaronוּֽלְאַהֲרֹ֑ןu.le.'a.ha.RonH175in hasteוַיְמַהֵ֣רvay.ma.HerH4116;and he saidוַיֹּ֗אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559,I have sinnedחָטָ֛אתִיcha.Ta.tiH2398against Yhwhלַיהוָ֥הla.Yah.wehH3068your Godאֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֖ם'e.lo.hei.KhemH430, and against you.

17Now therefore forgiveשָׂ֣אsa'H5375,I pray thee, my sinחַטָּאתִי֙cha.ta.TiH2403only this onceהַפַּ֔עַםha.Pa.'amH6471,and intreatוְהַעְתִּ֖ירוּve.ha'.Ti.ruH6279Yhwhלַיהוָ֣הla.Yah.wehH3068your Godאֱלֹהֵיכֶ֑ם'e.lo.hei.KhemH430,that he may take awayוְיָסֵר֙ve.ya.SerH5493from me this deathהַמָּ֥וֶתha.Ma.vetH4194only.

18And he went outוַיֵּצֵ֖אvai.ye.Tze'H3318from Pharaohפַּרְעֹ֑הpar.'OhH6547,and intreatedוַיֶּעְתַּ֖רvai.ye'.TarH6279Yhwhיְהוָֽה׃Yah.wehH3068.

19And Yhwhיְהוָ֤הYah.wehH3068turnedוַיַּהֲפֹ֨ךְvai.ya.ha.FokhH2015a mightyמְאֹ֔דme.'OdH3966strongחָזָ֣קcha.ZakH2389westיָם֙yamH3220windרֽוּחַ־Ru.ach-H7307,which took awayוַיִּשָּׂא֙vai.yi.Sa'H5375the locustsהָ֣אַרְבֶּ֔הha.'ar.BehH697,and castוַיִּתְקָעֵ֖הוּvai.yit.ka.'E.huH8628them into the Redסּ֑וּףSufH5488seaיָ֣מָּהYa.mahH3220;there remainedנִשְׁאַר֙nish.'ArH7604not oneאֶחָ֔ד'e.ChadH259locustאַרְבֶּ֣ה'ar.BehH697in all the coastsגְּב֥וּלge.VulH1366of Egyptמִצְרָֽיִם׃mitz.Ra.yimH4714.

20But Yhwhיְהוָ֖הYah.wehH3068hardenedוַיְחַזֵּ֥קvay.cha.ZekH2388Pharaoh’sפַּרְעֹ֑הpar.'OhH6547heartלֵ֣בlevH3820,so that he would not let the childrenבְּנֵ֥יbe.NeiH1121of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פYis.ra.'ElH3478goשִׁלַּ֖חshi.LachH7971.

21And Yhwhיְהוָ֜הYah.wehH3068saidוַיֹּ֨אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559unto Mosesמֹשֶׁ֗הmo.ShehH4872,Stretch outנְטֵ֤הne.TehH5186thine handיָֽדְךָ֙ya.de.KhaH3027toward heavenהַשָּׁמַ֔יִםha.sha.Ma.yimH8064,that there may be darknessחֹ֖שֶׁךְCho.shekhH2822over the landאֶ֣רֶץ'E.retzH776of Egyptמִצְרָ֑יִםmitz.Ra.yimH4714,even darknessחֹֽשֶׁךְ׃Cho.shekhH2822whichmay be feltוְיָמֵ֖שׁve.ya.MeshH4959.

22And Mosesמֹשֶׁ֛הmo.ShehH4872stretched forthוַיֵּ֥טvai.YetH5186his handיָד֖וֹya.DoH3027toward heavenהַשָּׁמָ֑יִםha.sha.Ma.yimH8064;and there was a thickאֲפֵלָ֛ה'a.fe.LahH653darknessחֹֽשֶׁךְ־cho.shekh-H2822in all the landאֶ֥רֶץ'E.retzH776of Egyptמִצְרַ֖יִםmitz.Ra.yimH4714threeשְׁלֹ֥שֶׁתshe.Lo.shetH7969daysיָמִֽים׃ya.MimH3117:

23They sawרָא֞וּra.'UH7200not oneאִ֣ישׁ'ishH376anotherאָחִ֗יו'a.ChivH251,neither roseקָ֛מוּKa.muH6965anyאִ֥ישׁ'ishH376from his place for threeשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁתshe.Lo.shetH7969daysיָמִ֑יםya.MimH3117:but all the childrenבְּנֵ֧יbe.NeiH1121of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֛לYis.ra.'ElH3478had lightא֖וֹר'orH216in their dwellingsבְּמוֹשְׁבֹתָֽם׃be.mo.she.vo.TamH4186.

24And Pharaohפַרְעֹ֜הfar.'OhH6547calledוַיִּקְרָ֨אvai.yik.Ra'H7121unto Mosesמֹשֶׁ֗הmo.ShehH4872,and saidוַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙vai.Yo.merH559,GoH3212ye, serveעִבְד֣וּ'iv.DuH5647Yhwhיְהוָ֔הYah.wehH3068;only let your flocksצֹאנְכֶ֥םtzon.KhemH6629and your herdsוּבְקַרְכֶ֖םu.ve.kar.KhemH1241be stayedיֻצָּ֑גyu.TzagH3322:let your little onesטַפְּכֶ֖םta.pe.KhemH2945also goH3212with you.

25And Mosesמֹשֶׁ֔הmo.ShehH4872saidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559,Thou must giveתִּתֵּ֥ןti.TenH5414usבְּיָדֵ֖נוּbe.ya.De.nuH3027also sacrificesזְבָחִ֣יםze.va.ChimH2077and burnt offeringsוְעֹל֑וֹתve.'o.LotH5930,that we may sacrificeוְעָשִׂ֖ינוּve.'a.Si.nuH6213unto Yhwhלַיהוָ֥הla.Yah.wehH3068our Godאֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃'e.lo.Hei.nuH430.

26Our cattleמִקְנֵ֜נוּmik.Ne.nuH4735also shall goH3212with us; there shall not an hoofפַּרְסָ֔הpar.SahH6541be left behindתִשָּׁאֵר֙ti.sha.'ErH7604;for thereof must we takeנִקַּ֔חni.KachH3947to serveלַעֲבֹ֖דla.'a.VodH5647Yhwhיְהוָ֣הYah.wehH3068our Godאֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ'e.lo.Hei.nuH430;and we knowנֵדַ֗עne.Da'H3045not with what we must serveנַּעֲבֹד֙na.'a.VodH5647Yhwhיְהוָ֔הYah.wehH3068,until we comeבֹּאֵ֖נוּbo.'E.nuH935thither.

27But Yhwhיְהוָ֖הYah.wehH3068hardenedוַיְחַזֵּ֥קvay.cha.ZekH2388Pharaoh’sפַּרְעֹ֑הpar.'OhH6547heartלֵ֣בlevH3820,and he wouldאָבָ֖ה'a.VahH14not let them goלְשַׁלְּחָֽם׃le.sha.le.ChamH7971.

28And Pharaohפַרְעֹ֖הfar.'OhH6547saidוַיֹּֽאמֶר־vai.yo.mer-H559unto him, GetH3212thee from me, take heedהִשָּׁ֣מֶרhi.Sha.merH8104to thyself, seeרְא֣וֹתre.'otH7200my faceפָּנַ֔יpa.NaiH6440no moreתֹּ֙סֶף֙to.sefH3254; for in thatdayבְּי֛וֹםbe.YomH3117thou seestרְאֹתְךָ֥re.'o.te.KhaH7200my faceפָנַ֖יfa.NaiH6440thou shalt dieתָּמֽוּת׃ta.MutH4191.

29And Mosesמֹשֶׁ֖הmo.ShehH4872saidוַיֹּ֥אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559,Thou hast spokenדִּבַּ֑רְתָּdi.Bar.taH1696wellכֵּ֣ןkenH3651,I will seeרְא֥וֹתre.'otH7200thy faceפָּנֶֽיךָ׃ פpa.Nei.khaH6440againאֹסִ֥ף'o.SifH3254no more.

Commentaries on Exodus 10