Revised Literal Translation

Exodus 14

1And Yhwhיְהֹוָ֖הYah.wehH3068spakeוַיְדַבֵּ֥רvay.da.BerH1696unto Mosesמֹשֶׁ֥הmo.ShehH4872,sayingלֵּאמֹֽר׃le.MorH559,

2Speakדַּבֵּר֮da.BerH1696unto the childrenבְּנֵ֣יbe.NeiH1121of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵל֒Yis.ra.'ElH3478,that they turnוְיָשֻׁ֗בוּve.ya.Shu.vuH7725and encampוְיַחֲנוּ֙ve.ya.cha.NuH2583beforeלִפְנֵי֙lif.NeiH6440Pi–hahirothH6367,between Migdolמִגְדֹּ֖לmig.DolH4024and the seaהַיָּ֑םhai.YamH3220,over againstלִפְנֵי֙lif.NeiH6440Baal–zephonH1189:beforeH5226it shall ye encampתַחֲנ֖וּta.cha.NuH2583by the seaהַיָּֽם׃hai.YamH3220.

3For Pharaohפַּרְעֹה֙par.'OhH6547will sayוְאָמַ֤רve.'a.MarH559of the childrenלִבְנֵ֣יliv.NeiH1121of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֔לYis.ra.'ElH3478, They areentangledנְבֻכִ֥יםne.vu.KhimH943in the landבָּאָ֑רֶץba.'A.retzH776,the wildernessהַמִּדְבָּֽר׃ha.mid.BarH4057hath shut them inסָגַ֥רsa.GarH5462.

4And I will hardenוְחִזַּקְתִּ֣יve.chi.zak.TiH2388Pharaoh’sפַּרְעֹה֮par.'OhH6547heartלֵב־lev-H3820,that he shall followוְרָדַ֣ףve.ra.DafH7291afterאַחֲרֵיהֶם֒'a.cha.rei.HemH310them; and I will be honouredוְאִכָּבְדָ֤הve.'i.ka.ve.DahH3513upon Pharaohבְּפַרְעֹה֙be.far.'OhH6547,and upon all his armyחֵיל֔וֹchei.LoH2428;that the EgyptiansH4714may knowוְיָדְע֥וּve.ya.de.'UH3045that I amYhwhיְהוָ֑הYah.wehH3068.And they didוַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־vai.ya.'a.su-H6213so.

5And it was toldוַיֻּגַּד֙vai.yu.GadH5046the kingלְמֶ֣לֶךְle.Me.lekhH4428of Egyptמִצְרַ֔יִםmitz.Ra.yimH4714that the peopleהָעָ֑םha.'AmH5971fledבָרַ֖חva.RachH1272:and the heartלְבַ֨בle.VavH3824of Pharaohפַּרְעֹ֤הpar.'OhH6547and of his servantsוַעֲבָדָיו֙va.'a.va.DavH5650was turnedוַ֠יֵּהָפֵךְVai.ye.ha.fekhH2015against the peopleהָעָ֔םha.'AmH5971,and they saidוַיֹּֽאמרוּ֙vai.yo.m.RuH559,Why have we doneעָשִׂ֔ינוּ'a.Si.nuH6213this, that we have let Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֖לYis.ra.'ElH3478goשִׁלַּ֥חְנוּshi.Lach.nuH7971from servingמֵעָבְדֵֽנוּ׃me.'a.ve.De.nuH5647us?

6And he made readyוַיֶּאְסֹ֖רvai.ye'.SorH631his chariotרִכְבּ֑וֹrikh.BoH7393,and tookלָקַ֥חla.KachH3947his peopleעַמּ֖וֹa.MoH5971with him:

7And he tookוַיִּקַּ֗חvai.yi.KachH3947sixשֵׁשׁ־shesh-H8337hundredמֵא֥וֹתme.'otH3967chosenבָּח֔וּרba.ChurH977chariotsרֶ֙כֶב֙re.khevH7393,and all the chariotsרֶ֣כֶבRe.khevH7393of Egyptמִצְרָ֑יִםmitz.Ra.yimH4714,and captainsוְשָׁלִשִׁ֖םve.sha.li.ShimH7991over every one of them.

8And Yhwhיְהֹוָ֗הYah.wehH3068hardenedוַיְחַזֵּ֣קvay.cha.ZekH2388the heartלֵ֤בlevH3820of Pharaohפַּרְעֹה֙par.'OhH6547kingמֶ֣לֶךְMe.lekhH4428of Egyptמִצְרַ֔יִםmitz.Ra.yimH4714,and he pursuedוַיִּרְדֹּ֕ףvai.yir.DofH7291afterאַחֲרֵ֖י'a.cha.ReiH310the childrenבְּנֵ֣יbe.NeiH1121of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֑לYis.ra.'ElH3478:and the childrenוּבְנֵ֣יu.ve.NeiH1121of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֔לYis.ra.'ElH3478went outיֹצְאִ֖יםyo.tze.'ImH3318with an highרָמָֽה׃ra.MahH7311handבְּיָ֥דbe.YadH3027.

9But the EgyptiansH4714pursuedוַיִּרְדְּפ֨וּvai.yir.de.FuH7291afterאַחֲרֵיהֶ֗ם'a.cha.rei.HemH310them, all the horsesסוּס֙susH5483andchariotsרֶ֣כֶבRe.khevH7393of Pharaohפַּרְעֹ֔הpar.'OhH6547,and his horsemenוּפָרָשָׁ֖יוu.fa.ra.ShavH6571,and his armyוְחֵיל֑וֹve.chei.LoH2428,and overtookוַיַּשִּׂ֤יגוּvai.ya.Si.guH5381them encampingחֹנִ֣יםcho.NimH2583by the seaהַיָּ֔םhai.YamH3220,beside Pi–hahirothH6367,beforeלִפְנֵ֖יlif.NeiH6440Baal–zephonH1189.

10And when Pharaohוּפַרְעֹ֖הu.far.'OhH6547drew nighהִקְרִ֑יבhik.RivH7126,the childrenבְנֵֽי־ve.nei-H1121of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֨לYis.ra.'ElH3478lifted upוַיִּשְׂאוּ֩vai.yis.'UH5375their eyesעֵינֵיהֶ֜ם'ei.nei.HemH5869,and, behold, the EgyptiansH4714marchedנֹסֵ֣עַno.Se.a'H5265afterאַחֲרֵיהֶ֗ם'a.cha.rei.HemH310them; and they were soreמְאֹ֔דme.'OdH3966afraidוַיִּֽירְאוּ֙vai.yi.re.'UH3372:and the childrenבְנֵֽי־ve.nei-H1121of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֖לYis.ra.'ElH3478cried outוַיִּצְעֲק֥וּvai.yitz.'a.KuH6817unto Yhwhיְהוָֽה׃Yah.wehH3068.

11And they saidוַיֹּאמְרוּ֮vai.yo.me.RuH559unto Mosesמֹשֶׁה֒mo.ShehH4872, Because there wereno gravesקְבָרִים֙ke.va.RimH6913in Egyptבְּמִצְרַ֔יִםbe.mitz.Ra.yimH4714,hast thou taken us awayלְקַחְתָּ֖נוּle.kach.Ta.nuH3947to dieלָמ֣וּתla.MutH4191in the wildernessבַּמִּדְבָּ֑רba.mid.BarH4057?whereforeזֹּאת֙zoTH2063hast thou dealtעָשִׂ֣יתָ'a.Si.taH6213thus with us, to carry us forthלְהוֹצִיאָ֖נוּle.ho.tzi.'A.nuH3318out of Egyptמִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃mi.mitz.Ra.yimH4714?

12Isnot this the wordהַדָּבָ֗רha.da.VarH1697that we did tellדִּבַּ֨רְנוּdi.Bar.nuH1696thee in Egyptבְמִצְרַ֙יִם֙ve.mitz.Ra.yimH4714,sayingלֵאמֹ֔רle.MorH559,Let us aloneחֲדַ֥לcha.DalH2308,that we may serveוְנַֽעַבְדָ֣הve.na.'av.DahH5647the EgyptiansH4714? For it had beenbetterט֥וֹבTovH2896for us to serveעֲבֹ֣ד'a.VodH5647the EgyptiansH4714,than that we should dieמִמֻּתֵ֖נוּmi.mu.Te.nuH4191in the wildernessבַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ba.mid.BarH4057.

13And Mosesמֹשֶׁ֣הmo.ShehH4872saidוַיֹּ֨אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559unto the peopleהָעָם֮ha.'AmH5971,Fearתִּירָאוּ֒ti.ra.'UH3372ye not, stand stillהִֽתְיַצְב֗וּhit.yatz.VuH3320,and seeוּרְאוּ֙u.re.'UH7200the salvationיְשׁוּעַ֣תye.shu.'AtH3444of Yhwhיְהוָ֔הYah.wehH3068,which he will shewיַעֲשֶׂ֥הya.'a.SehH6213to you to dayהַיּ֑וֹםhai.YomH3117:for the EgyptiansH4714whom ye have seenרְאִיתֶ֤םre.'i.TemH7200to dayהַיּ֔וֹםhai.YomH3117,ye shall seeלִרְאֹתָ֥םlir.'o.TamH7200them againתֹסִ֛יפוּto.Si.fuH3254no more forעַד־'ad-H5704everעוֹלָֽם׃o.LamH5769.

14Yhwhיְהוָ֖הYah.wehH3068shall fightיִלָּחֵ֣םyi.la.ChemH3898for you, and ye shall hold your peaceתַּחֲרִישֽׁוּן׃ פta.cha.ri.ShunH2790.

15And Yhwhיְהוָה֙Yah.wehH3068saidוַיֹּ֤אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559unto Mosesמֹשֶׁ֔הmo.ShehH4872,Wherefore criestתִּצְעַ֖קtitz.'AkH6817thou unto me? speakדַּבֵּ֥רda.BerH1696unto the childrenבְּנֵי־be.nei-H1121of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֖לYis.ra.'ElH3478,that they go forwardוְיִסָּֽעוּ׃ve.yi.Sa.'uH5265:

16But lift thou upהָרֵ֣םha.RemH7311thy rodמַטְּךָ֗ma.te.KhaH4294,and stretch outוּנְטֵ֧הu.ne.TehH5186thine handיָדְךָ֛ya.de.KhaH3027over the seaהַיָּ֖םhai.YamH3220,and divideוּבְקָעֵ֑הוּu.ve.ka.'E.huH1234it: and the childrenבְנֵֽי־ve.nei-H1121of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֛לYis.ra.'ElH3478shall goוְיָבֹ֧אוּve.ya.Vo.'uH935on dryבַּיַּבָּשָֽׁה׃bai.ya.ba.ShahH3004groundthrough the midstבְּת֥וֹךְbe.TokhH8432of the seaהַיָּ֖םhai.YamH3220.

17And I, behold, I will hardenמְחַזֵּק֙me.cha.ZekH2388the heartsלֵ֣בlevH3820of the EgyptiansH4714,and they shall followוְיָבֹ֖אוּve.ya.Vo.'uH935themאַחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם'a.cha.rei.HemH310:and I will get me honourוְאִכָּבְדָ֤הve.'i.ka.ve.DahH3513upon Pharaohבְּפַרְעֹה֙be.far.'OhH6547,and upon all his armyחֵיל֔וֹchei.LoH2428,upon his chariotsבְּרִכְבּ֖וֹbe.rikh.BoH7393,and upon his horsemenוּבְפָרָשָֽׁיו׃u.ve.fa.ra.ShavH6571.

18And the EgyptiansH4714shall knowוְיָדְע֥וּve.ya.de.'UH3045that I amYhwhיְהוָ֑הYah.wehH3068,when I have gotten me honourבְּהִכָּבְדִ֣יbe.hi.ka.ve.DiH3513upon Pharaohבְּפַרְעֹ֔הbe.far.'OhH6547,upon his chariotsבְּרִכְבּ֖וֹbe.rikh.BoH7393,and upon his horsemenוּבְפָרָשָֽׁיו׃u.ve.fa.ra.ShavH6571.

19And the angelמַלְאַ֣ךְmal.'AkhH4397of Godהָאֱלֹהִ֗יםha.'E.lo.HimH430,which wentH1980beforeלִפְנֵי֙lif.NeiH6440the campמַחֲנֵ֣הma.cha.NehH4264of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֔לYis.ra.'ElH3478,removedוַיִּסַּ֞עvai.yi.Sa'H5265and wentH3212behindמֵאַחֲרֵיהֶ֑םme.'a.cha.rei.HemH310them; and the pillarעַמּ֤וּד'a.MudH5982of the cloudהֶֽעָנָן֙he.'a.NanH6051wentוַיִּסַּ֞עvai.yi.Sa'H5265from before their faceמִפְּנֵיהֶ֔םmi.pe.nei.HemH6440,and stoodוַיַּֽעֲמֹ֖דvai.ya.'a.ModH5975behindמֵאַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃me.'a.cha.rei.HemH310them:

20And it cameוַיָּבֹ֞אvai.ya.Vo'H935between the campמַחֲנֵ֣הma.cha.NehH4264of the Egyptiansמִצְרַ֗יִםmitz.Ra.yimH4714and the campמַחֲנֵ֣הma.cha.NehH4264of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֔לYis.ra.'ElH3478;and it was a cloudהֶֽעָנָן֙he.'a.NanH6051and darknessוְהַחֹ֔שֶׁךְve.ha.Cho.shekhH2822to them,but it gave lightוַיָּ֖אֶרvai.Ya.'erH215by nightהַלָּ֑יְלָהha.La.ye.lahH3915to these:so that the one came not nearקָרַ֥בka.RavH7126the otherH2088all the nightהַלָּֽיְלָה׃ha.La.ye.lahH3915.

21And Mosesמֹשֶׁ֣הmo.ShehH4872stretched outוַיֵּ֨טvai.YetH5186his handיָדוֹ֮ya.DoH3027over the seaהַיָּם֒hai.YamH3220;And Yhwhיְהוָ֣ה׀Yah.wehH3068caused the seaהַ֠יָּםHai.yomH3220to goH3212backby a strongעַזָּה֙'a.ZahH5794eastקָדִ֤יםka.DimH6921windבְּר֨וּחַbe.Ru.achH7307all that nightהַלַּ֔יְלָהha.Lay.lahH3915,and madeוַיָּ֥שֶׂםvai.Ya.semH7760the seaהַיָּ֖םhai.YamH3220dryלֶחָרָבָ֑הle.cha.ra.VahH2724land,and the watersהַמָּֽיִם׃ha.Ma.yimH4325were dividedוַיִּבָּקְע֖וּvai.yi.ba.ke.'UH1234.

22And the childrenבְנֵֽי־ve.nei-H1121of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֛לYis.ra.'ElH3478wentוַיָּבֹ֧אוּvai.ya.Vo.'uH935into the midstבְּת֥וֹךְbe.TokhH8432of the seaהַיָּ֖םhai.YamH3220upon the dryבַּיַּבָּשָׁ֑הbai.ya.ba.ShahH3004ground:and the watersוְהַמַּ֤יִםve.ha.Ma.yimH4325werea wallחֹמָ֔הcho.MahH2346unto them on their right handמִֽימִינָ֖םmi.mi.NamH3225,and on their leftוּמִשְּׂמֹאלָֽם׃u.mi.se.mo.LamH8040.

23And the EgyptiansH4714pursuedוַיִּרְדְּפ֤וּvai.yir.de.FuH7291,and went inוַיָּבֹ֣אוּvai.ya.Vo.'uH935afterאַחֲרֵיהֶ֔ם'a.cha.rei.HemH310them to the midstתּ֖וֹךְTokhH8432of the seaהַיָּֽם׃hai.YamH3220, evenall Pharaoh’sפַּרְעֹ֔הpar.'OhH6547horsesס֣וּסsusH5483,his chariotsרִכְבּ֖וֹrikh.BoH7393,and his horsemenוּפָרָשָׁ֑יוu.fa.ra.ShavH6571.

24And it came to pass, that in the morningהַבֹּ֔קֶרha.Bo.kerH1242watchבְּאַשְׁמֹ֣רֶתbe.'ash.Mo.retH821Yhwhיְהוָה֙Yah.wehH3068lookedוַיַּשְׁקֵ֤ףvai.yash.KefH8259unto the armyמַחֲנֵ֣הma.cha.NehH4264of the EgyptiansH4714through the pillarבְּעַמּ֥וּדbe.'a.MudH5982of fireאֵ֖שׁ'eshH784and of the cloudוְעָנָ֑ןve.'a.NanH6051,and troubledוַיָּ֕הָםvai.Ya.homH2000the armyמַחֲנֵ֥הma.cha.NehH4264of the EgyptiansH4714,

25And took offוַיָּ֗סַרvai.Ya.sarH5493their chariotמַרְכְּבֹתָ֔יוmar.ke.vo.TavH4818wheelsאֹפַ֣ן'o.FanH212,that they draveוַֽיְנַהֲגֵ֖הוּvay.na.ha.Ge.huH5090them heavilyבִּכְבֵדֻ֑תbikh.ve.DutH3517:so that the Egyptiansמִצְרַ֗יִםmitz.Ra.yimH4714saidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559,Let us fleeאָנ֙וּסָה֙'a.Nu.sahH5127from the faceמִפְּנֵ֣יmi.pe.NeiH6440of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֔לYis.ra.'ElH3478;for Yhwhיְהוָ֔הYah.wehH3068fightethנִלְחָ֥םnil.ChamH3898for them against the Egyptiansבְּמִצְרָֽיִם פbe.mitz.Ra.yimH4714.

26And Yhwhיְהוָה֙Yah.wehH3068saidוַיֹּ֤אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559unto Mosesמֹשֶׁ֔הmo.ShehH4872,Stretch outנְטֵ֥הne.TehH5186thine handיָדְךָ֖ya.de.KhaH3027over the seaהַיָּ֑םhai.YamH3220,that the watersהַמַּ֙יִם֙ha.Ma.yimH4325may come againוְיָשֻׁ֤בוּve.ya.Shu.vuH7725upon the Egyptiansמִצְרַ֔יִםmitz.Ra.yimH4714,upon their chariotsרִכְבּ֖וֹrikh.BoH7393,and upon their horsemenפָּרָשָֽׁיו׃pa.ra.ShavH6571.

27And Mosesמֹשֶׁ֨הmo.ShehH4872stretched forthוַיֵּט֩vai.YetH5186his handיָד֜וֹya.DoH3027over the seaהַיָּ֗םhai.YamH3220,and the seaהַיָּ֜םhai.YamH3220returnedוַיָּ֨שָׁבvai.Ya.shovH7725to his strengthלְאֵ֣יתָנ֔וֹle.'Ei.ta.NoH386when the morningבֹּ֙קֶר֙bo.kerH1242appearedלִפְנ֥וֹתlif.NotH6437;and the Egyptiansוּמִצְרַ֖יִםu.mitz.Ra.yimH4714fledנָסִ֣יםna.SimH5127againstH7125it; and Yhwhיְהוָ֛הYah.wehH3068overthrewוַיְנַעֵ֧רvay.na.'ErH5287the Egyptiansמִצְרַ֖יִםmitz.Ra.yimH4714in the midstבְּת֥וֹךְbe.TokhH8432of the seaהַיָּֽם׃hai.YamH3220.

28And the watersהַמַּ֗יִםha.Ma.yimH4325returnedוַיָּשֻׁ֣בוּvai.ya.Shu.vuH7725,and coveredוַיְכַסּ֤וּvay.kha.SuH3680the chariotsהָרֶ֙כֶב֙ha.Re.khevH7393,and the horsemenהַפָּ֣רָשִׁ֔יםha.Pa.ra.ShimH6571, andall the armyחֵ֣ילcheilH2428of Pharaohפַּרְעֹ֔הpar.'OhH6547that cameהַבָּאִ֥יםha.ba.'ImH935into the seaבַּיָּ֑םbai.YamH3220afterאַחֲרֵיהֶ֖ם'a.cha.rei.HemH310them; there remainedנִשְׁאַ֥רnish.'ArH7604not so much asעַד־'ad-H5704oneאֶחָֽד׃'e.ChadH259of them.

29But the childrenוּבְנֵ֧יu.ve.NeiH1121of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֛לYis.ra.'ElH3478walkedהָלְכ֥וּha.le.KhuH1980upon dryבַיַּבָּשָׁ֖הvai.ya.ba.ShahH3004landin the midstבְּת֣וֹךְbe.TokhH8432of the seaהַיָּ֑םhai.YamH3220;and the watersוְהַמַּ֤יִםve.ha.Ma.yimH4325werea wallחֹמָ֔הcho.MahH2346unto them on their right handמִֽימִינָ֖םmi.mi.NamH3225,and on their leftוּמִשְּׂמֹאלָֽםu.mi.se.mo.LamH8040.

30Thus Yhwhיְהוָ֜הYah.wehH3068savedוַיּ֨וֹשַׁעvai.Yo.o.sha'H3467Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֖לYis.ra.'ElH3478that dayבַּיּ֥וֹםbai.YomH3117out of the handמִיַּ֣דmi.YadH3027of the Egyptiansמִצְרָ֑יִםmitz.Ra.yimH4714;and Israelיִשְׂרָאֵל֙Yis.ra.'ElH3478sawוַיַּ֤רְאvai.Yar'H7200the Egyptiansמִצְרַ֔יִםmitz.Ra.yimH4714deadמֵ֖תmetH4191upon the seaהַיָּֽם׃hai.YamH3220shoreשְׂפַ֥תse.FatH8193.

31And Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֜לYis.ra.'ElH3478sawוַיַּ֨רְאvai.Yar'H7200that greatהַגְּדֹלָ֗הha.ge.do.LahH1419workהַיָּ֣דhai.YadH3027which Yhwhיְהוָה֙Yah.wehH3068didעָשָׂ֤ה'a.SahH6213upon the Egyptiansבְּמִצְרַ֔יִםbe.mitz.Ra.yimH4714:and the peopleהָעָ֖םha.'AmH5971fearedוַיִּֽירְא֥וּvai.yi.re.'UH3372Yhwhיְהוָ֑הYah.wehH3068,and believedוַיַּֽאֲמִ֙ינוּ֙vai.ya.'a.Mi.nuH539Yhwhבַּֽיהוָ֔הba.Yah.wehH3068,and his servantעַבְדּֽוֹ׃ פav.DoH5650Mosesוּבְמֹשֶׁ֖הu.ve.mo.ShehH4872.

Commentaries on Exodus 14