Revised Literal Translation

1 Samuel 1

1Now there was a certainאֶחָ֜ד'e.ChadH259manאִ֨ישׁ'ishH376of Ramathaim–zophimH7436,of mountמֵהַ֣רme.HarH2022Ephraimאֶפְרָ֑יִם'ef.Ra.yimH669,and his nameוּשְׁמ֡וֹu.she.MoH8034wasElkanahאֶ֠לְקָנָה'El.ka.nahH511,the sonבֶּן־ben-H1121of Jerohamיְרֹחָ֧םye.ro.ChamH3395,the sonבֶּן־ben-H1121of Elihuאֱלִיה֛וּא'e.li.Hu'H453,the sonבֶּן־ben-H1121of Tohuתֹּ֥חוּTo.chuH8459,the sonבֶן־ven-H1121of Zuphצ֖וּףtzufH6689,an Ephrathiteאֶפְרָתִֽי׃'ef.ra.TiH673:

2And he had twoשְׁתֵּ֣יshe.TeiH8147wivesנָשִׁ֔יםna.ShimH802;the nameשֵׁ֤םshemH8034of the oneאַחַת֙'a.ChatH259wasHannahחַנָּ֔הcha.NahH2584,and the nameוְשֵׁ֥םve.ShemH8034of the otherהַשֵּׁנִ֖יתha.she.NitH8145Peninnahפְּנִנָּ֑הpe.ni.NahH6444:and Peninnahלִפְנִנָּה֙lif.ni.NahH6444had childrenיְלָדִ֔יםye.la.DimH3206,but Hannahוּלְחַנָּ֖הu.le.cha.NahH2584had no childrenיְלָדִֽים׃ye.la.DimH3206.

3And thisהַה֤וּאha.Hu'H1931manהָאִ֨ישׁha.'IshH376went upוְעָלָה֩ve.'a.LahH5927out of his cityמֵֽעִירוֹ֙me.'i.RoH5892yearlyH3117to worshipלְהִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֹ֧תle.hish.ta.cha.VotH7812and to sacrificeוְלִזְבֹּ֛חַve.liz.Bo.achH2076unto Yhwhלַיהוָ֥הla.Yah.wehH3068of Armiesצְבָא֖וֹתtze.va.'otH6635in Shilohבְּשִׁלֹ֑הbe.shi.LohH7887.And the twoשְׁנֵ֣יshe.NeiH8147sonsבְנֵֽי־ve.nei-H1121of Eliעֵלִ֗י'e.LiH5941,Hophniחָפְנִי֙cha.fe.NiH2652and Phinehasוּפִ֣נְחָ֔סu.Fin.ChasH6372,the priestsכֹּהֲנִ֖יםko.ha.NimH3548of Yhwhלַיהוָֽה׃la.Yah.wehH3068, were there.

4And when the timeהַיּ֔וֹםhai.YomH3117was that Elkanahאֶלְקָנָ֑ה'el.ka.NahH511offeredוַיִּזְבַּ֖חvai.yiz.BachH2076,he gaveוְנָתַ֞ןve.na.TanH5414to Peninnahלִפְנִנָּ֣הlif.ni.NahH6444his wifeאִשְׁתּ֗וֹ'ish.ToH802,and to all her sonsבָּנֶ֛יהָba.Nei.haH1121and her daughtersוּבְנוֹתֶ֖יהָu.ve.no.Tei.haH1323,portionsמָנֽוֹת׃ma.NotH4490:

5But unto Hannahוּלְחַנָּ֕הu.le.cha.NahH2584he gaveיִתֵּ֛ןyi.TenH5414aאַחַ֖ת'a.ChatH259worthyאַפָּ֑יִם'a.Pa.yimH639portionמָנָ֥הma.NahH4490;for he lovedאָהֵ֔ב'a.HevH157Hannahחַנָּה֙cha.NahH2584:But Yhwhוַֽיהוָ֖הva.Yah.wehH3068had shut upסָגַ֥רsa.GarH5462her wombרַחְמָֽהּ׃rach.MahH7358.

6And her adversaryצָֽרָתָהּ֙tza.ra.TahH6869also provokedוְכִֽעֲסַ֤תָּהve.khi.'a.Sa.tahH3707her soreכַּ֔עַסKa.'asH3708,for to make her fretהַרְּעִמָ֑הּha.re.'i.MahH7481,because Yhwhיְהוָ֖הYah.wehH3068had shutסָגַ֥רsa.GarH5462upבְּעַ֥דbe.'AdH1157her wombרַחְמָֽהּ׃rach.MahH7358.

7And ashe didיַעֲשֶׂ֜הya.'a.SehH6213so yearשָׁנָ֣הsha.NahH8141by yearבְשָׁנָ֗הve.sha.NahH8141,whenמִדֵּ֤יmi.DeiH1767she went upעֲלֹתָהּ֙'a.lo.TahH5927to the houseבְּבֵ֣יתbe.VeitH1004of Yhwhיְהוָ֔הYah.wehH3068,so she provokedתַּכְעִסֶ֑נָּהtakh.'i.Se.nahH3707her; therefore she weptוַתִּבְכֶּ֖הva.tiv.KehH1058,and did not eatתֹאכַֽל׃to.KhalH398.

8Then saidוַיֹּ֨אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559Elkanahאֶלְקָנָ֣ה'el.ka.NahH511her husbandאִישָׁ֗הּ'i.ShahH376to her, Hannahחַנָּה֙cha.NahH2584,why weepestתִבְכִּ֗יtiv.KiH1058thou? and why eatestתֹֽאכְלִ֔יtokh.LiH398thou not? and why is thy heartלְבָבֵ֑ךְle.va.VekhH3824grievedיֵרַ֣עye.Ra'H3415? amnot I betterט֣וֹבTovH2896to thee than tenמֵעֲשָׂרָ֖הme.'a.sa.RahH6235sonsבָּנִֽים׃ba.NimH1121?

9So Hannahחַנָּ֔הcha.NahH2584rose upוַתָּ֣קָםva.Ta.komH6965afterאַחֲרֵ֛י'a.cha.ReiH310they had eatenאָכְלָ֥ה'a.khe.LahH398in Shilohבְשִׁלֹ֖הve.shi.LohH7887,and afterוְאַחֲרֵ֣יve.'a.cha.ReiH310they had drunkשָׁתֹ֑הsha.TohH8354.Now Eliוְעֵלִ֣יve.'e.LiH5941the priestהַכֹּהֵ֗ןha.ko.HenH3548satיֹשֵׁב֙yo.ShevH3427upon a seatהַכִּסֵּ֔אha.ki.Se'H3678by a postמְזוּזַ֖תme.zu.ZatH4201of the templeהֵיכַ֥לhei.KhalH1964of Yhwhיְהוָֽה׃Yah.wehH3068.

10And she wasin bitternessמָ֣רַתMa.ratH4751of soulנָ֑פֶשׁNa.feshH5315,and prayedוַתִּתְפַּלֵּ֥לva.tit.pa.LelH6419unto Yhwhיְהוָ֖הYah.wehH3068,and weptוּבָכֹ֥הu.va.KhohH1058soreתִבְכֶּֽה׃tiv.KehH1058.

11And she vowedוַתִּדֹּ֨רva.ti.DorH5087a vowנֶ֜דֶרNe.derH5088,and saidוַתֹּאמַ֗רva.to.MarH559,O Yhwhיְהוָ֨הYah.wehH3068of Armiesצְבָא֜וֹתtze.va.'otH6635,if thou wilt indeedרָאֹ֥הra.'OhH7200lookתִרְאֶ֣ה׀tir.'EhH7200on the afflictionבָּעֳנִ֣יbo.'o.NiH6040of thine handmaidאֲמָתֶ֗ךָ'a.ma.Te.khaH519,and rememberוּזְכַרְתַּ֙נִי֙u.ze.khar.Ta.niH2142me, and not forgetתִשְׁכַּ֣חtish.KachH7911thine handmaidאֲמָתֶ֔ךָ'a.ma.Te.khaH519,but wilt giveוְנָתַתָּ֥הve.na.ta.TahH5414unto thine handmaidלַאֲמָתְךָ֖la.'a.ma.te.KhaH519a manאֲנָשִׁ֑ים'a.na.ShimH582childזֶ֣רַעZe.ra'H2233,then I will giveוּנְתַתִּ֤יוu.ne.ta.TivH5414him unto Yhwhלַֽיהוָה֙la.Yah.wehH3068all the daysיְמֵ֣יye.MeiH3117of his lifeחַיָּ֔יוchai.YavH2416,and there shall no razorוּמוֹרָ֖הu.mo.RahH4177comeיַעֲלֶ֥הya.'a.LehH5927upon his headרֹאשֽׁוֹ׃ro.ShoH7218.

12And it came to pass, as she continuedהִרְבְּתָ֔הhir.be.TahH7235prayingלְהִתְפַּלֵּ֖לle.hit.pa.LelH6419beforeלִפְנֵ֣יlif.NeiH6440Yhwhיְהוָ֑הYah.wehH3068,that Eliוְעֵלִ֖יve.'e.LiH5941markedשֹׁמֵ֥רsho.MerH8104her mouthפִּֽיהָ׃Pi.haH6310.

13Now Hannahוְחַנָּ֗הve.cha.NahH2584,she spakeמְדַבֶּ֣רֶתme.da.Be.retH1696in her heartלִבָּ֔הּli.BahH3820;only her lipsשְׂפָתֶ֣יהָse.fa.Tei.haH8193movedנָּע֔וֹתna.'otH5128,but her voiceוְקוֹלָ֖הּve.ko.LahH6963was not heardיִשָּׁמֵ֑עַyi.sha.Me.a'H8085:therefore Eliעֵלִ֖י'e.LiH5941thoughtוַיַּחְשְׁבֶ֥הָvai.yach.she.Ve.haH2803she had been drunkenלְשִׁכֹּרָֽה׃le.shi.ko.RahH7910.

14And Eliעֵלִ֔י'e.LiH5941saidוַיֹּ֤אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559unto her, How long wilt thou be drunkenתִּשְׁתַּכָּרִ֑יןtish.ta.ka.RinH7937?put awayהָסִ֥ירִיha.Si.riH5493thy wineיֵינֵ֖ךְyei.NekhH3196from thee.

15And Hannahחַנָּ֤הcha.NahH2584answeredוַתַּ֨עַןva.Ta.'anH6030and saidוַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙va.To.merH559,No, my lordאֲדֹנִ֔י'a.do.NiH113, I ama womanאִשָּׁ֤ה'i.ShahH802of a sorrowfulקְשַׁת־ke.shat-H7186spiritר֙וּחַ֙Ru.achH7307:I have drunkשָׁתִ֑יתִיsha.Ti.tiH8354neither wineוְיַ֥יִןve.Ya.yinH3196nor strong drinkוְשֵׁכָ֖רve.she.KharH7941,but have poured outוָאֶשְׁפֹּ֥ךְva.'esh.PokhH8210my soulנַפְשִׁ֖יnaf.ShiH5315beforeלִפְנֵ֥יlif.NeiH6440Yhwhיְהוָֽה׃Yah.wehH3068.

16Countתִּתֵּן֙ti.TenH5414not thine handmaidאֲמָ֣תְךָ֔'a.Ma.te.khaH519forלִפְנֵ֖יlif.NeiH6440a daughterבַּת־bat-H1323of Belialבְּלִיָּ֑עַלbe.li.Ya.'alH1100:for out of the abundanceמֵרֹ֥בme.RoH7230of my complaintשִׂיחִ֛יsi.ChiH7879and griefוְכַעְסִ֖יve.kha'.SiH3708have I spokenדִּבַּ֥רְתִּיdi.Bar.tiH1696hitherto.

17Then Eliעֵלִ֛י'e.LiH5941answeredוַיַּ֧עַןvai.Ya.'anH6030and saidוַיֹּ֖אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559,GoH3212in peaceלְשָׁל֑וֹםle.sha.LomH7965:and the Godוֵאלֹהֵ֣יve.lo.HeiH430of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֗לYis.ra.'ElH3478grantיִתֵּן֙yi.TenH5414theethy petitionשֵׁ֣לָתֵ֔ךְshe.la.TekhH7596that thou hast askedשָׁאַ֖לְתְּsha.'AltH7592of him.

18And she saidוַתֹּ֕אמֶרva.To.merH559,Let thine handmaidשִׁפְחָתְךָ֛shif.cha.te.KhaH8198findתִּמְצָ֧אtim.Tza'H4672graceחֵ֖ןchenH2580in thy sightבְּעֵינֶ֑יךָbe.'ei.Nei.khaH5869.So the womanהָאִשָּׁ֤הha.'i.ShahH802wentH3212her wayלְדַרְכָּהּ֙le.dar.KahH1870,and did eatוַתֹּאכַ֔לva.to.KhalH398,and her countenanceוּפָנֶ֥יהָu.fa.Nei.haH6440was no more sad.

19And they rose upH7925in the morningבַבֹּ֗קֶרva.Bo.kerH1242earlyוַיַּשְׁכִּ֣מוּvai.yash.Ki.muH7925,and worshippedוַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲווּ֙vai.yish.ta.cha.VuH7812beforeלִפְנֵ֣יlif.NeiH6440Yhwhיְהוָ֔הYah.wehH3068,and returnedוַיָּשֻׁ֛בוּvai.ya.Shu.vuH7725,and cameוַיָּבֹ֥אוּvai.ya.Vo.'uH935to their houseבֵּיתָ֖םbei.TamH1004to Ramahהָרָמָ֑תָהha.ra.Ma.tahH7414:and Elkanahאֶלְקָנָה֙'el.ka.NahH511knewוַיֵּ֤דַעvai.Ye.da'H3045Hannahחַנָּ֣הcha.NahH2584his wifeאִשְׁתּ֔וֹ'ish.ToH802;And Yhwhיְהוָֽה׃Yah.wehH3068rememberedוַיִּֽזְכְּרֶ֖הָvai.yiz.ke.Re.haH2142her.

20Wherefore it came to pass, when the timeהַיָּמִ֔יםhai.ya.MimH3117was comeלִתְקֻפ֣וֹתlit.ku.FotH8622about after Hannahחַנָּ֖הcha.NahH2584had conceivedוַתַּ֥הַרva.Ta.harH2029,that she bareוַתֵּ֣לֶדva.Te.ledH3205a sonבֵּ֑ןBenH1121,and calledוַתִּקְרָ֤אva.tik.Ra'H7121his nameשְׁמוֹ֙she.MoH8034Samuelשְׁמוּאֵ֔לshe.mu.'ElH8050, saying,Because I have askedשְׁאִלְתִּֽיו׃she.'il.TivH7592him of Yhwhמֵיְהוָ֖הme.Yah.wehH3068.

21And the manהָאִ֥ישׁha.'IshH376Elkanahאֶלְקָנָ֖ה'el.ka.NahH511,and all his houseבֵּית֑וֹbei.ToH1004,went upוַיַּ֛עַלvai.Ya.'alH5927to offerלִזְבֹּ֧חַliz.Bo.achH2076unto Yhwhלַֽיהוָ֛הla.Yah.wehH3068the yearlyהַיָּמִ֖יםhai.ya.MimH3117sacrificeזֶ֥בַחZe.vachH2077,and his vowנִדְרֽוֹ׃nid.RoH5088.

22But Hannahוְחַנָּ֖הve.cha.NahH2584went not upעָלָ֑תָה'a.La.tahH5927;for she saidאָמְרָ֣ה'a.me.RahH559unto her husbandלְאִישָׁ֗הּle.'i.ShahH376, I will not go upuntil the childהַנַּ֙עַר֙ha.Na.'arH5288be weanedיִגָּמֵ֤לyi.ga.MelH1580, and thenI will bringוַהֲבִאֹתִ֗יוva.ha.vi.'o.TivH935him, that he may appearוְנִרְאָה֙ve.nir.'AhH7200beforeפְּנֵ֣יpe.NeiH6440Yhwhיְהוָ֔הYah.wehH3068,and there abideוְיָ֥שַׁבve.Ya.shavH3427forH5704everעוֹלָֽם׃o.LamH5769.

23And Elkanahאֶלְקָנָ֨ה'el.ka.NahH511her husbandאִישָׁ֜הּ'i.ShahH376saidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559unto her, Doעֲשִׂ֧י'a.SiH6213what seemethבְּעֵינַ֗יִךְbe.'ei.Na.yikhH5869thee goodהַטּ֣וֹבha.TovH2896;tarryשְׁבִי֙she.ViH3427until thou have weanedגָּמְלֵ֣ךְga.me.LekhH1580him; only Yhwhיְהוָ֖הYah.wehH3068establishיָקֵ֥םya.KemH6965his wordדְּבָר֑וֹde.va.RoH1697.So the womanהָֽאִשָּׁה֙ha.'i.ShahH802abodeוַתֵּ֤שֶׁבva.Te.shevH3427,and gave her sonבְּנָ֔הּbe.NahH1121suckוַתֵּ֣ינֶקva.Tei.nekH3243until she weanedגָּמְלָ֖הּga.me.LahH1580him.

24And when she had weanedגְּמָלַ֗תּוּge.ma.La.tuH1580him, she took him upוַתַּעֲלֵ֨הוּva.ta.'a.Le.huH5927with her, with threeשְׁלֹשָׁה֙she.lo.ShahH7969bullocksבְּפָרִ֤יםbe.fa.RimH6499,and oneאַחַ֥ת'a.ChatH259ephahוְאֵיפָ֨הve.'ei.FahH374of flourקֶ֙מַח֙ke.machH7058,and a skinוְנֵ֣בֶלve.Ne.velH5035of wineיַ֔יִןYa.yinH3196,and broughtוַתְּבִאֵ֥הוּva.te.vi.'E.huH935him unto the houseבֵית־veit-H1004of Yhwhיְהוָ֖הYah.wehH3068in Shilohשִׁל֑וֹshi.LoH7887:and the childוְהַנַּ֖עַרve.ha.Na.'arH5288wasyoungנָֽעַר׃Na.'arH5288.

25And they slewוַֽיִּשְׁחֲט֖וּvai.yish.cha.TuH7819a bullockהַפָּ֑רha.ParH6499,and broughtוַיָּבִ֥יאוּvai.ya.Vi.'uH935the childהַנַּ֖עַרha.Na.'arH5288to Eliעֵלִֽי׃'e.LiH5941.

26And she saidוַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙va.To.merH559,Ohבִּ֣יbiH994my lordאֲדֹנִ֔י'a.do.NiH113, asthy soulנַפְשְׁךָ֖naf.she.KhaH5315livethחֵ֥יcheiH2416,my lordאֲדֹנִ֑י'a.do.NiH113, I amthe womanהָאִשָּׁ֗הha.'i.ShahH802that stoodהַנִּצֶּ֤בֶתha.ni.Tze.vetH5324by thee here, prayingלְהִתְפַּלֵּ֖לle.hit.pa.LelH6419unto Yhwhיְהוָֽה׃Yah.wehH3068.

27For this childהַנַּ֥עַרha.Na.'arH5288I prayedהִתְפַּלָּ֑לְתִּיhit.pa.Lal.tiH6419;And Yhwhיְהוָ֥הYah.wehH3068hath givenוַיִּתֵּ֨ןvai.yi.TenH5414me my petitionשְׁאֵ֣לָתִ֔יshe.'E.la.TiH7596which I askedשָׁאַ֖לְתִּיsha.'Al.tiH7592of him:

28Therefore also I have lentהִשְׁאִלְתִּ֙הוּ֙hish.'il.Ti.huH7592him to Yhwhלַֽיהוָ֔הla.Yah.wehH3068;as long as he livethהַיָּמִים֙hai.ya.MimH3117he shall be lentשָׁא֖וּלsha.'UlH7592to Yhwhלַֽיהוָ֑הla.Yah.wehH3068.And he worshippedוַיִּשְׁתַּ֥חוּvai.yish.Ta.chuH7812Yhwhלַיהוָֽה׃ פla.Yah.wehH3068there.

Commentaries on 1 Samuel 1