New American Standard Bible 2020
1 Samuel 20:20-42
21Then beholdוְהִנֵּה֙ve.hi.NehH2009,I will sendאֶשְׁלַ֣ח'esh.LachH7971the boyהַנַּ֔עַרha.Na.'arH5288, telling him, ‘Goלֵ֖ךְlekhH1980,findמְצָ֣אme.Tza'H4672the arrowsהַחִצִּ֑יםha.chi.TzimH2671.’Ifאִם־'im-H518I specificallyאָמֹר֩'a.MorH559sayאֹמַ֨ר'o.MarH559to the boyלַנַּ֜עַרla.Na.'arH5288, ‘Beholdהִנֵּ֥הhi.NehH2009,the arrowsהַחִצִּ֣ים׀ha.chi.TzimH2671are on thisH2008sideH2008of you, getקָחֶ֧נּוּ׀ka.Che.nuH3947them,’ then comeוָבֹ֛אָהva.Vo.'ahH935,becauseכִּֽי־ki-H3588it is safeשָׁל֥וֹםsha.LomH7965for you and there is nothingוְאֵ֥ין דָּבָ֖רve.'Ein da.VarH369H1697to harm you,as the Lordיְהוָֽה׃Yah.wehH3068livesחַי־chai-H2416.
22But ifוְאִם־ve.'im-H518Isayאֹמַר֙'o.MarH559to the youthלָעֶ֔לֶםla.'E.lemH5958, ‘Beholdהִנֵּ֥הhi.NehH2009,the arrowsהַחִצִּ֖יםha.chi.TzimH2671are beyondמִמְּךָ֣ וָהָ֑לְאָהmi.me.Kha va.Hal.'ahH4480H1973you,’ goלֵ֕ךְlekhH1980,becauseכִּ֥יkiH3588the Lordיְהוָֽה׃Yah.wehH3068has sentH7971you awayשִֽׁלַּחֲךָ֖shi.la.cha.KhaH7971.
24So Davidדָּוִ֖דda.VidH1732hidוַיִּסָּתֵ֥רvai.yi.sa.TerH5641himself in the fieldבַּשָּׂדֶ֑הba.sa.DehH7704;and when the newהַחֹ֔דֶשׁha.Cho.deshH2320moonH2320cameוַיְהִ֣יvay.HiH1961,the kingהַמֶּ֛לֶךְha.Me.lekhH4428satH3427downוַיֵּ֧שֶׁבvai.Ye.shevH3427to eatלֶאֱכֽוֹל׃le.'e.KholH398foodהַלֶּ֖חֶםha.Le.chemH3899.
25Now the kingהַ֠מֶּלֶךְHa.Me.lekhH4428satH3427on his seatמ֨וֹשָׁב֜וֹmo.sha.VoH4186as usualH6471,the seatמוֹשַׁב֙mo.ShavH4186by the wallהַקִּ֔ירha.KirH7023;then Jonathanיְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ןye.Ho.na.TanH3083stoodH6965upH6965and Abnerאַבְנֵ֖ר'av.NerH74satH3427downH3427by Saul’sשָׁא֑וּלsha.'UlH7586sideמִצַּ֣דmi.TzadH6654; butDavid’sדָּוִֽד׃da.VidH1732placeמְק֥וֹםme.KomH4725wasH6485emptyH6485.
26Nevertheless Saulשָׁא֛וּלsha.'UlH7586did not sayדִבֶּ֥רdi.BerH1696anythingמְא֖וּמָהme.'U.mahH3972that dayבַּיּ֣וֹםbai.YomH3117,becauseכִּ֤יkiH3588he thoughtאָמַר֙'a.MarH559, “It must have been anaccidentמִקְרֶ֣הmik.RehH4745;he is not cleanטָה֛וֹרta.HorH2889,undoubtedlyכִּֽי־ki-H3588he isnot cleanטָהֽוֹר׃ סta.HorH2889.”
27But it cameH1961aboutH1961the nextמִֽמָּחֳרַ֤תmi.mo.cho.RatH4283dayH4283,the secondהַשֵּׁנִ֔יha.she.NiH8145dayof the newהַחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ha.Cho.deshH2320moonH2320,that David’sדָּוִ֑ד סda.VidH1732placeמְק֣וֹםme.KomH4725wasH6485emptyH6485again;so Saulשָׁאוּל֙sha.'UlH7586saidוַיֹּ֤אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559to his sonבְּנ֔וֹbe.NoH1121Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֣ןye.ho.na.TanH3083, “Whyמַדּ֜וּעַma.Du.a'H4069has the sonבֶן־ven-H1121of Jesseיִשַׁ֛יyi.ShaiH3448not comeבָ֧אva'H935to the mealהַלָּֽחֶם׃ha.La.chemH3899,eitherגַּם־gam-H1571yesterdayתְּמ֥וֹלte.MolH8543orגַּם־gam-H1571todayהַיּ֖וֹםhai.YomH3117?”
29He saidוַיֹּ֡אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559, ‘Pleaseנָ֡אna'H4994letH7971me goשַׁלְּחֵ֣נִיsha.le.Che.niH7971,becauseכִּ֣יkiH3588our familyמִשְׁפָּחָ֨הmish.pa.ChahH4940has a sacrificeזֶבַח֩ze.VachH2077in the cityבָּעִ֗ירba.'IrH5892,and my brotherאָחִ֔י'a.ChiH251has orderedצִוָּֽה־tzi.vah-H6680me to attend.So nowוְעַתָּ֗הve.'a.TahH6258,ifאִם־'im-H518I have foundמָצָ֤אתִיma.Tza.tiH4672favorחֵן֙chenH2580in your sightבְּעֵינֶ֔יךָbe.'ei.Nei.khaH5869,pleaseנָּ֖אna'H4994let me slipH4422awayH4422so that I may seeוְאֶרְאֶ֣הve.'er.'EhH7200my brothersאֶחָ֑י'e.ChaiH251.’ForH5921thisH5921H3651reasonH5921H3651he has not comeבָ֔אVa'H935to the king’sהַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ סha.Me.lekhH4428tableשֻׁלְחַ֖ןshul.ChanH7979.”
30Then Saul’sשָׁאוּל֙sha.'UlH7586angerאַ֤ף'afH639burnedוַיִּֽחַר־vai.yi.char-H2734against Jonathanבִּיה֣וֹנָתָ֔ןbi.Ho.na.TanH3083,and he saidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559to him, “You sonבֶּֽן־ben-H1121of a perverseנַעֲוַ֖תna.'a.VatH5753,rebelliousהַמַּרְדּ֑וּתha.mar.DutH4780woman! Do I not knowיָדַ֗עְתִּיya.Da'.tiH3045that you are choosingבֹחֵ֤רvo.CherH977the sonלְבֶן־le.ven-H1121of Jesseיִשַׁ֔יyi.ShaiH3448to your own shameלְבָ֨שְׁתְּךָ֔le.Va.she.te.khaH1322,and to the shameוּלְבֹ֖שֶׁתu.le.Vo.shetH1322of your mother’sאִמֶּֽךָ׃'i.Me.khaH517nakednessעֶרְוַ֥ת'er.VatH6172?
31For,asH3605H3117longH3605H3117as the sonבֶּן־ben-H1121of Jesseיִשַׁי֙yi.ShaiH3448livesH2421on the earthהָאֲדָמָ֔הha.'a.da.MahH127,neitherH3808you norH3808your kingdomוּמַלְכוּתֶ֑ךָu.mal.khu.Te.khaH4438will be establishedתִכּ֖וֹןti.KonH3559.Nowוְעַתָּ֗הve.'a.TahH6258then, sendשְׁלַ֨חshe.LachH7971menand bringוְקַ֤חve.KachH3947him to me, for he isdoomedבֶן־ven-H1121to dieמָ֖וֶתMa.vetH4194!”
33ThenSaulשָׁא֧וּלsha.'UlH7586hurledוַיָּ֨טֶלvai.Ya.telH2904his spearהַחֲנִ֛יתha.cha.NitH2595at him to strikeלְהַכֹּת֑וֹle.ha.ko.ToH5221andH5221killH5221him;so Jonathanיְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ןye.Ho.na.TanH3083knewוַיֵּ֙דַע֙vai.Ye.da'H3045that his fatherאָבִ֖יו'a.VivH1had decidedכָ֥לָהKha.lahH3615to putH4191Davidדָּוִֽד׃ סda.VidH1732toH4191deathH4191.
34Then Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֛ןye.ho.na.TanH3083gotH6965upH6965from the tableהַשֻּׁלְחָ֖ןha.shul.ChanH7979in the heatבָּחֳרִי־bo.cho.ri-H2750of angerאָ֑ף'AfH639,and did not eatאָכַ֞ל'a.KhalH398foodלֶ֔חֶםLe.chemH3899on the secondהַשֵּׁנִי֙ha.she.NiH8145dayבְּיוֹם־be.yom-H3117of the newהַחֹ֤דֶשׁha.Cho.deshH2320moonH2320,becauseכִּ֤יkiH3588he was worriedנֶעְצַב֙ne'.TzavH6087aboutאֶל־'el-H413Davidדָּוִ֔דda.VidH1732sinceכִּ֥יkiH3588his fatherאָבִֽיו׃ ס'a.VivH1had insultedהִכְלִמ֖וֹhikh.li.MoH3637him.
35Now it cameH1961aboutH1961in the morningבַבֹּ֔קֶרva.Bo.kerH1242that Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֛ןye.ho.na.TanH3083wentH3318outH3318to the fieldהַשָּׂדֶ֖הha.sa.DehH7704at the timeלְמוֹעֵ֣דle.mo.'EdH4150agreedH4150uponH4150with Davidדָּוִ֑דda.VidH1732,and a littleקָטֹ֖ןka.TonH6996boyוְנַ֥עַרve.Na.'arH5288was with him.
36He saidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559to his boyלְנַעֲר֔וֹle.na.'a.RoH5288, “Runרֻ֗ץRutzH7323,findמְצָ֥אme.Tza'H4672nowנָא֙na'H4994the arrowsהַ֣חִצִּ֔יםha.chi.TzimH2671whichאֲשֶׁ֥ר'a.SherH834I am about to shootמוֹרֶ֑הmo.RehH3384.”The boyהַנַּ֣עַרha.Na.'arH5288ranרָ֔ץRatzH7323,and he shotיָרָ֥הya.RahH3384an arrowהַחֵ֖צִיha.Che.tziH2678pastלְהַעֲבִרֽוֹ׃le.ha.'a.vi.RoH5674him.
37When the boyהַנַּ֙עַר֙ha.Na.'arH5288reachedוַיָּבֹ֤אvai.ya.Vo'H935the locationמְק֣וֹםme.KomH4725of the arrowהַחֵ֔צִיha.Che.tziH2678whichאֲשֶׁ֥ר'a.SherH834Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֑ןye.ho.na.TanH3083had shotיָרָ֖הya.RahH3384,Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֜ןye.ho.na.TanH3083calledוַיִּקְרָ֨אvai.yik.Ra'H7121afterאַחֲרֵ֤י'a.cha.ReiH310the boyהַנַּ֙עַר֙ha.Na.'arH5288and saidוַיֹּ֔אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559, “Is the arrowהַחֵ֖צִיha.Che.tziH2678not beyondמִמְּךָ֥ וָהָֽלְאָה׃mi.me.Kha va.Hal.'ahH4480H1973you?”
38Then Jonathanיְהֽוֹנָתָן֙ye.ho.na.TanH3083calledוַיִּקְרָ֤אvai.yik.Ra'H7121afterאַחֲרֵ֣י'a.cha.ReiH310the boyהַנַּ֔עַרha.Na.'arH5288, “Hurryמְהֵרָ֥הme.he.RahH4120,be quickח֖וּשָׁהChu.shahH2363,do not stayתַּעֲמֹ֑דta.'a.ModH5975!”And Jonathan’sיְהֽוֹנָתָן֙ye.ho.na.TanH3083boyנַ֤עַרNa.'arH5288pickedH3950upH3950the arrowH2678and cameוַיָּבֹ֖אvai.ya.Vo'H935to his masterאֲדֹנָֽיו׃'a.do.NavH113.
41When the boyהַנַּעַר֮ha.na.'ArH5288was goneבָּא֒ba'H935,Davidוְדָוִ֗דve.da.VidH1732gotH6965upH6965from the southהַנֶּ֔גֶבha.Ne.gevH5045sideמֵאֵ֣צֶלme.'E.tzelH681,then he fellוַיִּפֹּ֨לvai.yi.PolH5307on his faceלְאַפָּ֥יוle.'a.PavH639to the groundאַ֛רְצָה'Ar.tzahH776andbowedH2331threeשָׁלֹ֣שׁsha.LoshH7969timesפְּעָמִ֑יםpe.'a.MimH6471.And they kissedוַֽיִּשְּׁק֣וּ׀vai.yi.she.KuH5401eachאִ֣ישׁ'ishH376otherרֵעֵ֗הוּre.'E.huH7453and weptוַיִּבְכּוּ֙vai.yiv.KuH1058togetherאִ֣ישׁ רֵעֵ֔הוּ'ish re.'E.huH376H7453,untilעַד־'ad-H5704Davidדָּוִ֖דda.VidH1732weptimmeasurablyהִגְדִּֽיל׃hig.DilH1431.
42Then Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֛ןye.ho.na.TanH3083saidוַיֹּ֧אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559to Davidלְדָוִ֖דle.da.VidH1732, “Goלֵ֣ךְlekhH1980in safetyלְשָׁל֑וֹםle.sha.LomH7965,sinceאֲשֶׁר֩'a.SherH834we have swornנִשְׁבַּ֨עְנוּnish.Ba'.nuH7650to eachH8147otherH8147in the nameבְּשֵׁ֤םbe.ShemH8034of the Lordיְהוָה֙Yah.wehH3068,sayingלֵאמֹ֔רle.MorH559, ‘The Lordיְהוָ֞הYah.wehH3068will be betweenH996me and you, and betweenH996mydescendantsזַרְעִ֛יzar.'IH2233and yourdescendantsזַרְעֲךָ֖zar.'a.KhaH2233foreverעַד־ עוֹלָֽם׃ פ'ad- o.LamH5704H5769.’” So DavidsetH6965outH6965and wentוַיֵּלַ֑ךְvai.ye.LakhH1980on his way,while Jonathanוִיהוֹנָתָ֖ןvi.ho.na.TanH3083wentבָּ֥אba'H935into the cityהָעִֽיר׃ha.'IrH5892.
Commentaries on 1 Samuel 20
- Adam Clarke Bible Commentary
- Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
- Matthew Henry Concise Commentary
- Tyndale Open Study Notes
- Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary
- Rashi on Tanakh
- Keil & Delitzsch Commentary
- John Wesley’s Notes
- Darby Translation Notes
- Geneva Bible Translation Notes
- Kingcomments
- Matthew Henry’s Complete Commentary
- Matthew Henry’s Modern English Commentary
- Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary
New American Standard Bible 2020 — © 1960–2020 The Lockman Foundation. All rights reserved.
Commentaries