Berean Standard Bible
1 Samuel 20:20-42
21Thenוְהִנֵּה֙ve.hi.NehH2009I will sendאֶשְׁלַ֣ח'esh.LachH7971אֶת־'et-H853a boyהַנַּ֔עַרha.Na.'arH5288and say, ‘Goלֵ֖ךְlekhH1980,findמְצָ֣אme.Tza'H4672אֶת־'et-H853the arrowsהַחִצִּ֑יםha.chi.TzimH2671!’Now, ifאִם־'im-H518I expressly sayH559to himלַנַּ֜עַרla.Na.'arH5288, ‘Lookהִנֵּ֥הhi.NehH2009,the arrowsהַחִצִּ֣ים׀ha.chi.TzimH2671are on this sideוָהֵ֗נָּהva.He.nahH2008of youמִמְּךָ֣mi.me.KhaH4480;bring themקָחֶ֧נּוּ׀ka.Che.nuH3947,’then comeוָבֹ֛אָהva.Vo.'ahH935,becauseכִּֽי־ki-H3588as surely as the LORDיְהוָֽה׃Yah.wehH3068livesחַי־chai-H2416,it is safeשָׁל֥וֹםsha.LomH7965for you,and there is noוְאֵ֥יןve.'EinH369dangerדָּבָ֖רda.VarH1697.
22But ifוְאִם־ve.'im-H518I sayאֹמַר֙'o.MarH559כֹּ֤הkohH3541to the young manלָעֶ֔לֶםla.'E.lemH5958, ‘Lookהִנֵּ֥הhi.NehH2009,the arrowsהַחִצִּ֖יםha.chi.TzimH2671arebeyond youמִמְּךָ֣mi.me.KhaH4480,’thenוָהָ֑לְאָהva.Hal.'ahH1973you must goלֵ֕ךְlekhH1980,forכִּ֥יkiH3588the LORDיְהוָֽה׃Yah.wehH3068has sent you awayשִֽׁלַּחֲךָ֖shi.la.cha.KhaH7971.
23And as for the matterוְהַ֨דָּבָ֔רve.Ha.da.VarH1697אֲשֶׁ֥ר'a.SherH834youוָאָ֑תָּה הִנֵּ֧הva.'A.tah hi.NehH859H2009and Iאֲנִ֣י'a.NiH589have discussedדִּבַּ֖רְנוּdi.Bar.nuH1696,the LORDיְהוָ֛הYah.wehH3068is a witness betweenבֵּינִ֥יbei.NiH996you and meוּבֵינְךָ֖u.vei.ne.KhaH996foreverעַד־ עוֹלָֽם׃ ס'ad- o.LamH5704H5769.”
24So Davidדָּוִ֖דda.VidH1732hidוַיִּסָּתֵ֥רvai.yi.sa.TerH5641in the fieldבַּשָּׂדֶ֑הba.sa.DehH7704,and when the New Moonהַחֹ֔דֶשׁha.Cho.deshH2320had comeוַיְהִ֣יvay.HiH1961,the kingהַמֶּ֛לֶךְ הַלֶּ֖חֶםha.Me.lekh ha.Le.chemH4428H5921H3899sat downוַיֵּ֧שֶׁבvai.Ye.shevH3427to eatלֶאֱכֽוֹל׃le.'e.KholH398.
25Heהַ֠מֶּלֶךְHa.Me.lekhH4428satוַיֵּ֣שֶׁבvai.Ye.shevH3427inעַל־'al-H5921his usualH6471placeמ֨וֹשָׁב֜וֹmo.sha.VoH4186אֶל־'el-H413מוֹשַׁב֙mo.ShavH4186by the wallהַקִּ֔ירha.KirH7023,oppositeוַיָּ֙קָם֙vai.Ya.komH6965Jonathanיְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ןye.Ho.na.TanH3083andוַיֵּ֥שֶׁבvai.Ye.shevH3427besideמִצַּ֣דmi.TzadH6654Abnerאַבְנֵ֖ר'av.NerH74שָׁא֑וּלsha.'UlH7586,but David’sדָּוִֽד׃da.VidH1732placeמְק֥וֹםme.KomH4725was emptyוַיִּפָּקֵ֖דvai.yi.pa.KedH6485.
26Saulשָׁא֛וּלsha.'UlH7586saidדִבֶּ֥רdi.BerH1696nothingוְלֹֽא־ מְא֖וּמָהve.lo'- me.'U.mahH3808H3972thatהַה֑וּאha.Hu'H1931dayבַּיּ֣וֹםbai.YomH3117becauseכִּ֤יkiH3588he thoughtאָמַר֙'a.MarH559, “Something has happened toמִקְרֶ֣הmik.RehH4745Davidה֔וּאHu'H1931to make him ceremonially uncleanבִּלְתִּ֥י טָה֛וֹרbil.Ti ta.HorH1115H2889—surelyכִּֽי־ki-H3588heה֖וּאhu'H1931isuncleanלֹ֥א טָהֽוֹר׃ סlo' ta.HorH3808H2889.”
27Butוַיְהִ֗יvay.HiH1961on the day afterמִֽמָּחֳרַ֤תmi.mo.cho.RatH4283the New Moonהַחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ha.Cho.deshH2320,the secondהַשֵּׁנִ֔יha.she.NiH8145day,David’sדָּוִ֑ד סda.VidH1732placeמְק֣וֹםme.KomH4725was still emptyוַיִּפָּקֵ֖דvai.yi.pa.KedH6485,and Saulשָׁאוּל֙sha.'UlH7586askedוַיֹּ֤אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559his sonבְּנ֔וֹbe.NoH1121Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֣ןye.ho.na.TanH3083, “Whyמַדּ֜וּעַma.Du.a'H4069hasn’tלֹא־lo'-H3808the sonבֶן־ven-H1121of Jesseיִשַׁ֛יyi.ShaiH3448comeבָ֧אva'H935toאֶל־'el-H413the mealהַלָּֽחֶם׃ha.La.chemH3899eitherגַּם־gam-H1571yesterdayתְּמ֥וֹלte.MolH8543or todayגַּם־ הַיּ֖וֹם אֶל־gam- hai.Yom 'el-H1571H3117H413?”
29sayingוַיֹּ֡אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559, ‘Pleaseנָ֡אna'H4994let me goשַׁלְּחֵ֣נִיsha.le.Che.niH7971,becauseכִּ֣יkiH3588our clanמִשְׁפָּחָ֨הmish.pa.ChahH4940is holding a sacrificeזֶבַח֩ze.VachH2077in the cityבָּעִ֗יר וְה֤וּאba.'Ir ve.Hu'H5892H1931,and my brotherאָחִ֔י'a.ChiH251has told meצִוָּֽה־tzi.vah-H6680to be there.So nowוְעַתָּ֗הve.'a.TahH6258,ifאִם־'im-H518I have foundמָצָ֤אתִיma.Tza.tiH4672favorחֵן֙chenH2580in your eyesבְּעֵינֶ֔יךָbe.'ei.Nei.khaH5869,pleaseנָּ֖אna'H4994let me goאִמָּ֥לְטָה'i.Mal.tahH4422and seeוְאֶרְאֶ֣הve.'er.'EhH7200אֶת־'et-H853my brothersאֶחָ֑י'e.ChaiH251.’That is whyעַל־ כֵּ֣ן'al- kenH5921H3651he has notלֹא־lo'-H3808comeבָ֔אVa'H935toאֶל־'el-H413the king’sהַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ סha.Me.lekhH4428tableשֻׁלְחַ֖ןshul.ChanH7979.”
30Then Saul’sשָׁאוּל֙sha.'UlH7586angerאַ֤ף'afH639burnedוַיִּֽחַר־vai.yi.char-H2734against Jonathanבִּיה֣וֹנָתָ֔ןbi.Ho.na.TanH3083,and he saidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559to him, “You sonבֶּֽן־ben-H1121of a perverseנַעֲוַ֖תna.'a.VatH5753and rebellious womanהַמַּרְדּ֑וּתha.mar.DutH4780!Do I notהֲל֣וֹאha.Lo'H3808knowיָדַ֗עְתִּיya.Da'.tiH3045thatכִּֽי־ki-H3588youאַתָּה֙'a.TahH859have chosenבֹחֵ֤רvo.CherH977the sonלְבֶן־le.ven-H1121of Jesseיִשַׁ֔יyi.ShaiH3448to your own shameלְבָ֨שְׁתְּךָ֔le.Va.she.te.khaH1322and to the shameוּלְבֹ֖שֶׁתu.le.Vo.shetH1322of the motherאִמֶּֽךָ׃'i.Me.khaH517who bore youעֶרְוַ֥ת'er.VatH6172?
31Forכִּ֣יkiH3588as long asכָל־ הַיָּמִ֗יםkhol- hai.ya.MimH3605H3117אֲשֶׁ֤ר'a.SherH834the sonבֶּן־ben-H1121of Jesseיִשַׁי֙yi.ShaiH3448livesH2416onעַל־'al-H5921thisearthהָאֲדָמָ֔הha.'a.da.MahH127,neitherלֹ֥אlo'H3808youאַתָּ֣ה'a.TahH859nor your kingdomוּמַלְכוּתֶ֑ךָu.mal.khu.Te.khaH4438shall be establishedתִכּ֖וֹןti.KonH3559.Nowוְעַתָּ֗הve.'a.TahH6258send for himשְׁלַ֨חshe.LachH7971and bringוְקַ֤חve.KachH3947himאֹתוֹ֙'o.ToH853to meאֵלַ֔י'e.LaiH413,forכִּ֥יkiH3588בֶן־ven-H1121heהֽוּא׃ סHu'H1931must surely dieמָ֖וֶתMa.vetH4194!”
33Then Saulשָׁא֧וּלsha.'UlH7586אֶֽת־'et-H853hurledוַיָּ֨טֶלvai.Ya.telH2904his spearהַחֲנִ֛יתha.cha.NitH2595atעָלָ֖יו'a.LavH5921Jonathanto kill himלְהַכֹּת֑וֹle.ha.ko.ToH5221.So Jonathanיְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ןye.Ho.na.TanH3083knewוַיֵּ֙דַע֙vai.Ye.da'H3045thatכִּֽי־ הִ֛יא מֵעִ֥םki- hi' me.'ImH3588H1931H5973his fatherאָבִ֖יו'a.VivH1was determinedכָ֥לָהKha.lahH3615to killלְהָמִ֥יתle.ha.MitH4191אֶת־'et-H853Davidדָּוִֽד׃ סda.VidH1732.
34Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֛ןye.ho.na.TanH3083got upוַיָּ֧קָםvai.Ya.komH6965fromמֵעִ֥םme.'ImH5973the tableהַשֻּׁלְחָ֖ןha.shul.ChanH7979in fierceבָּחֳרִי־bo.cho.ri-H2750angerאָ֑ף'AfH639and did notוְלֹא־ve.lo'-H3808eatאָכַ֞ל'a.KhalH398any foodלֶ֔חֶםLe.chemH3899that secondהַשֵּׁנִי֙ha.she.NiH8145dayבְּיוֹם־be.yom-H3117of the monthהַחֹ֤דֶשׁha.Cho.deshH2320,forכִּ֤יkiH3588he was grievedנֶעְצַב֙ne'.TzavH6087byכִּ֥יkiH3588his father’sאָבִֽיו׃ ס'a.VivH1shameful treatmentהִכְלִמ֖וֹhikh.li.MoH3637ofאֶל־'el-H413Davidדָּוִ֔דda.VidH1732.
35וַיְהִ֣יvay.HiH1961In the morningבַבֹּ֔קֶרva.Bo.kerH1242Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֛ןye.ho.na.TanH3083went outוַיֵּצֵ֧אvai.ye.Tze'H3318to the fieldהַשָּׂדֶ֖הha.sa.DehH7704for the appointmentלְמוֹעֵ֣דle.mo.'EdH4150with Davidדָּוִ֑דda.VidH1732,and a smallקָטֹ֖ןka.TonH6996boyוְנַ֥עַרve.Na.'arH5288was with himעִמּֽוֹ׃i.MoH5973.
36He saidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559to the boyלְנַעֲר֔וֹle.na.'a.RoH5288, “Runרֻ֗ץRutzH7323and findמְצָ֥א נָא֙me.Tza' na'H4672H4994אֶת־'et-H853the arrowsהַ֣חִצִּ֔יםha.chi.TzimH2671אֲשֶׁ֥ר'a.SherH834Iאָנֹכִ֖י'a.no.KhiH595shootמוֹרֶ֑הmo.RehH3384.”And as the boyהַנַּ֣עַרha.Na.'arH5288ranרָ֔ץRatzH7323,Jonathanוְהֽוּא־ve.hu'-H1931shotיָרָ֥הya.RahH3384an arrowהַחֵ֖צִיha.Che.tziH2678beyond himלְהַעֲבִרֽוֹ׃le.ha.'a.vi.RoH5674.
37When the boyהַנַּ֙עַר֙ha.Na.'arH5288reachedוַיָּבֹ֤אvai.ya.Vo'H935עַד־'ad-H5704the place whereמְק֣וֹםme.KomH4725Jonathan’sיְהוֹנָתָ֑ןye.ho.na.TanH3083arrowהַחֵ֔צִיha.Che.tziH2678אֲשֶׁ֥ר'a.SherH834had fallenיָרָ֖הya.RahH3384,Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֜ןye.ho.na.TanH3083calledוַיִּקְרָ֨אvai.yik.Ra'H7121toאַחֲרֵ֤י'a.cha.ReiH310himהַנַּ֙עַר֙ha.Na.'arH5288וַיֹּ֔אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559, “Isn’tהֲל֥וֹאha.Lo'H3808the arrowהַחֵ֖צִיha.Che.tziH2678beyond youמִמְּךָ֥ וָהָֽלְאָה׃mi.me.Kha va.Hal.'ahH4480H1973?”
38Then Jonathanיְהֽוֹנָתָן֙ye.ho.na.TanH3083cried outוַיִּקְרָ֤א אַחֲרֵ֣י הַנַּ֔עַרvai.yik.Ra' 'a.cha.Rei ha.Na.'arH7121H310H5288, “Hurryמְהֵרָ֥הme.he.RahH4120!Make hasteח֖וּשָׁהChu.shahH2363!Do notאַֽל־'al-H408delayתַּעֲמֹ֑דta.'a.ModH5975יְהֽוֹנָתָן֙ye.ho.na.TanH3083אֶת־'et-H853H2678!”So the boyנַ֤עַרNa.'arH5288picked up the arrowוַיְלַקֵּ֞טvay.la.KetH3950and returnedוַיָּבֹ֖אvai.ya.Vo'H935toאֶל־'el-H413his masterאֲדֹנָֽיו׃'a.do.NavH113.
41When the young manהַנַּעַר֮ha.na.'ArH5288had goneבָּא֒ba'H935,Davidוְדָוִ֗דve.da.VidH1732got upקָ֚םkamH6965from the southהַנֶּ֔גֶבha.Ne.gevH5045sideמֵאֵ֣צֶלme.'E.tzelH681of the stone,fellוַיִּפֹּ֨לvai.yi.PolH5307facedownלְאַפָּ֥יו אַ֛רְצָהle.'a.Pav 'Ar.tzahH639H776,and bowedוַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּvai.yish.Ta.chuH7812threeשָׁלֹ֣שׁsha.LoshH7969timesפְּעָמִ֑יםpe.'a.MimH6471.Then he and Jonathan kissedוַֽיִּשְּׁק֣וּ׀vai.yi.she.KuH5401eachאִ֣ישׁ'ishH376אֶת־'et-H853otherרֵעֵ֗הוּre.'E.huH7453and weptוַיִּבְכּוּ֙vai.yiv.KuH1058togetherאִ֣ישׁ'ishH376אֶת־'et-H853רֵעֵ֔הוּre.'E.huH7453—thoughעַד־'ad-H5704Davidדָּוִ֖דda.VidH1732wept moreהִגְדִּֽיל׃hig.DilH1431.
42And Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֛ןye.ho.na.TanH3083saidוַיֹּ֧אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559to Davidלְדָוִ֖דle.da.VidH1732, “Goלֵ֣ךְlekhH1980in peaceלְשָׁל֑וֹםle.sha.LomH7965,forאֲשֶׁר֩'a.SherH834the twoשְׁנֵ֜ינוּshe.Nei.nuH8147of usאֲנַ֗חְנוּ'a.Nach.nuH587have swornנִשְׁבַּ֨עְנוּnish.Ba'.nuH7650in the nameבְּשֵׁ֤םbe.ShemH8034of the LORDיְהוָה֙Yah.wehH3068,sayingלֵאמֹ֔רle.MorH559, ‘May the LORDיְהוָ֞הYah.wehH3068beיִֽהְיֶ֣ה׀yih.YehH1961a witness betweenבֵּינִ֣יbei.NiH996you and meוּבֵינֶ֗ךָu.vei.Ne.khaH996,and betweenוּבֵ֥יןu.VeinH996your descendantsזַרְעִ֛יzar.'IH2233andוּבֵ֥יןu.VeinH996mineזַרְעֲךָ֖zar.'a.KhaH2233foreverעַד־ עוֹלָֽם׃ פ'ad- o.LamH5704H5769.’”Then David got upוַיָּ֖קָםvai.Ya.komH6965and departedוַיֵּלַ֑ךְvai.ye.LakhH1980,and Jonathanוִיהוֹנָתָ֖ןvi.ho.na.TanH3083went backבָּ֥אba'H935into the cityהָעִֽיר׃ha.'IrH5892.
Commentaries on 1 Samuel 20
- Adam Clarke Bible Commentary
- Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
- Matthew Henry Concise Commentary
- Tyndale Open Study Notes
- Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary
- Rashi on Tanakh
- Keil & Delitzsch Commentary
- John Wesley’s Notes
- Darby Translation Notes
- Geneva Bible Translation Notes
- Kingcomments
- Matthew Henry’s Complete Commentary
- Matthew Henry’s Modern English Commentary
- Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary
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Commentaries