Berean Standard Bible
1 Samuel 18
1Afterוַיְהִ֗יvay.HiH1961David had finishedכְּכַלֹּתוֹ֙ke.kha.lo.ToH3615speakingלְדַבֵּ֣רle.da.BerH1696withאֶל־'el-H413Saulשָׁא֔וּלsha.'UlH7586,the soulsוְנֶ֙פֶשׁ֙ve.Ne.feshH5315of Jonathanיְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ןye.Ho.na.TanH3083and Davidדָּוִ֑דda.VidH1732were knit togetherנִקְשְׁרָ֖ה בְּנֶ֣פֶשׁnik.she.Rah be.Ne.feshH7194H5315,and Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֖ןye.ho.na.TanH3083loved himוַיֶּאֱהָבֵ֥הוּvai.ye.'e.ha.vovH157as himselfכְּנַפְשֽׁוֹ׃ke.naf.ShoH5315.
4And Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֗ןye.ho.na.TanH3083אֶֽת־'et-H853removedוַיִּתְפַּשֵּׁ֣טvai.yit.pa.ShetH6584the robeהַמְּעִיל֙ha.me.'IlH4598אֲשֶׁ֣ר'a.SherH834he was wearingעָלָ֔יו'a.LavH5921and gaveוַֽיִּתְּנֵ֖הוּvai.yi.te.Ne.huH5414it to Davidלְדָוִ֑דle.da.VidH1732,along with his tunicוּמַדָּ֕יו וְעַד־u.ma.Dav ve.'ad-H4055H5704,his swordחַרְבּ֥וֹ וְעַד־char.Bo ve.'ad-H2719H5704,his bowקַשְׁתּ֖וֹ וְעַד־kash.To ve.'ad-H7198H5704,and his beltחֲגֹרֽוֹ׃cha.go.RoH2290.
Saul Envies David
5So Davidדָוִ֜דda.VidH1732marched outוַיֵּצֵ֨אvai.ye.Tze'H3318andprosperedיַשְׂכִּ֔ילyas.KilH7919in everythingבְּכֹל֩be.KholH3605אֲשֶׁ֨ר'a.SherH834Saulשָׁאוּל֙sha.'UlH7586sent him to doיִשְׁלָחֶ֤נּוּyish.la.Che.nuH7971,and Saulשָׁא֔וּלsha.'UlH7586set himוַיְשִׂמֵ֣הוּvay.si.Me.huH7760overעַ֖ל'alH5921the menאַנְשֵׁ֣י'an.SheiH582of warהַמִּלְחָמָ֑הha.mil.cha.MahH4421.And this was pleasingוַיִּיטַב֙vai.yi.TavH3190in the sightבְּעֵינֵ֣יbe.'ei.NeiH5869of allכָל־khol-H3605the peopleהָעָ֔םha.'AmH5971,and of Saul’sשָׁאֽוּל׃ פsha.'UlH7586officersעַבְדֵ֥י'av.DeiH5650as wellוְגַ֕ם בְּעֵינֵ֖יve.Gam be.'ei.NeiH1571H5869.
6As the troopsוַיְהִ֣יvay.HiH1961were returning homeבְּבוֹאָ֗ם בְּשׁ֤וּבbe.vo.'Am be.ShuvH935H7725after Davidדָּוִד֙da.VidH1732had killedמֵהַכּ֣וֹתme.ha.KotH5221אֶת־'et-H853the Philistineהַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔יha.pe.lish.TiH6430,the womenהַנָּשִׁ֜יםha.na.ShimH802came outוַתֵּצֶ֨אנָהva.te.Tze.nahH3318of allמִכָּל־mi.kolH3605the citiesעָרֵ֤י'a.ReiH5892of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵל֙Yis.ra.'ElH3478to meetלִקְרַ֖אתlik.RatH7122Kingהַמֶּ֑לֶךְha.Me.lekhH4428Saulשָׁא֣וּלsha.'UlH7586with singingלָשִׁ֣ירla.shorH7891and dancingוְהַמְּחֹל֔וֹתve.ha.me.cho.LotH4246,with joyful songsבְּשִׂמְחָ֖הbe.sim.ChahH8057,and with tambourinesבְּתֻפִּ֥יםbe.tu.PimH8596and other instrumentsוּבְשָׁלִשִֽׁים׃u.ve.sha.li.ShimH7991.
7And as the women dancedהַנָּשִׁ֥ים הַֽמְשַׂחֲק֖וֹתha.na.Shim ham.sa.cha.KotH7832H802,they sang outוַֽתַּעֲנֶ֛ינָה וַתֹּאמַ֑רְןָva.ta.'a.Nei.nah va.to.Mar.naH559H6030: “Saulשָׁאוּל֙sha.'UlH7586has slainהִכָּ֤הhi.KahH5221histhousandsבַּאֲלָפָ֔יוba.'el.fovH505,and Davidוְדָוִ֖דve.da.VidH1732his tens of thousandsבְּרִבְבֹתָֽיו׃be.ri.vo.TavH7233.”
8And Saulלְשָׁא֜וּלle.sha.'UlH7586was furiousוַיִּ֨חַר מְאֹ֗דvai.Yi.char me.'OdH2734H3966and resentedוַיֵּ֤רַע בְּעֵינָיו֙vai.Ye.ra' be.'ei.NavH7489H5869thisהַזֶּ֔הha.ZehH2088songהַדָּבָ֣רha.da.VarH1697. “They have ascribedנָתְנ֤וּna.te.NuH5414tens of thousandsרְבָב֔וֹתre.va.VotH7233to Davidלְדָוִד֙le.da.VidH1732,”he saidוַיֹּ֗אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559, “but onlyנָתְנ֖וּna.te.NuH5414thousandsהָאֲלָפִ֑יםha.'a.la.FimH505to me.What moreוְע֥וֹדve.'odH5750can he havebutאַ֥ךְ'akhH389the kingdomהַמְּלוּכָֽה׃ha.me.lu.KhahH4410?”
10וַיְהִ֣יvay.HiH1961The next dayמִֽמָּחֳרָ֗תmi.mo.cho.RatH4283a spiritרוּחַ֩ru.aChH7307of distressרָעָ֤ה׀ra.'AhH7451sent from Godאֱלֹהִ֨ים׀'E.lo.HimH430cameוַתִּצְלַ֣חva.titz.LachH6743uponאֶל־'el-H413Saulשָׁאוּל֙sha.'UlH7586,and he prophesiedוַיִּתְנַבֵּ֣אvai.yit.na.Be'H5012inside theבְתוֹךְ־ve.tokh-H8432houseהַבַּ֔יִתha.Ba.yitH1004while Davidוְדָוִ֛דve.da.VidH1732playedמְנַגֵּ֥ןme.na.GenH5059the harpas usualH3117.Now Saulשָׁאֽוּל׃sha.'UlH7586was holdingבְּיָד֖וֹbe.ya.DoH3027a spearוְהַחֲנִ֖ית בְּיַד־ve.ha.cha.Nit be.yad-H2595H3027,
11and heשָׁאוּל֙sha.'UlH7586אֶֽת־'et-H853hurled itוַיָּ֤טֶל הַחֲנִ֔יתvai.Ya.tel ha.cha.NitH2904H2595,thinkingוַיֹּ֕אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559, “I will pinאַכֶּ֥ה'a.KehH5221Davidבְדָוִ֖דve.da.VidH1732to the wallוּבַקִּ֑ירu.va.KirH7023.”But Davidדָּוִ֛דda.VidH1732eludedוַיִּסֹּ֥בvai.yi.SoH5437himמִפָּנָ֖יוmi.pa.NavH6440twiceפַּעֲמָֽיִם׃pa.'a.Ma.yimH6471.
13Therefore Saulשָׁאוּל֙ מֵֽעִמּ֔וֹsha.'Ul me.'i.MoH7586H5973sent David awayוַיְסִרֵ֤הוּvay.si.Re.huH5493and gaveוַיְשִׂמֵ֥הוּvay.si.Me.huH7760himcommandשַׂר־sar-H8269of a thousand menאָ֑לֶף'A.lefH505.David ledוַיֵּצֵ֥אvai.ye.Tze'H3318the troops out to battleהָעָֽם׃ פha.'AmH5971and backוַיָּבֹ֖א לִפְנֵ֥יvai.ya.Vo' lif.NeiH935H6440,
David Marries Michal
17Then Saulשָׁא֜וּלsha.'UlH7586saidוַיֹּ֨אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559toאֶל־'el-H413Davidדָּוִ֗דda.VidH1732, “Hereהִנֵּה֩hi.NehH2009is my olderהַגְּדוֹלָ֤הha.ge.do.LahH1419daughterבִתִּ֨יvi.TiH1323Merabמֵרַב֙me.RavH4764אֹתָהּ֙'o.TahH853.I will give herאֶתֶּן־'e.ten-H5414to youin marriageלְאִשָּׁ֔הle.'i.ShahH802.Onlyאַ֚ךְ'akhH389beהֱיֵה־he.yeh-H1961valiantחַ֔יִלCha.yilH2428for meלְבֶן־le.ven-H1121and fightוְהִלָּחֵ֖םve.hi.la.ChemH3898the LORD’sיְהוָ֑הYah.wehH3068battlesמִלְחֲמ֣וֹתmil.cha.MotH4421.”But Saulוְשָׁא֣וּלve.sha.'UlH7586was thinkingאָמַ֗ר'a.MarH559, “I need not raiseאַל־ תְּהִ֤י'al- te.HiH408H1961my handיָדִי֙ya.DiH3027against him;let the handיַד־yad-H3027of the Philistinesפְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ סpe.lish.TimH6430beוּתְהִי־u.te.hi-H1961against him.”
18And Davidדָּוִ֜דda.VidH1732saidוַיֹּ֨אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559toאֶל־'el-H413Saulשָׁא֗וּלsha.'UlH7586, “Whoמִ֤יmiH4310am Iאָֽנֹכִי֙'a.no.KhiH595,and whatוּמִ֣יu.MiH4310is my familyחַיַּ֔יchai.YaiH2416or my father’sאָבִ֖י'a.ViH1clanמִשְׁפַּ֥חַתmish.Pa.chatH4940in Israelבְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑לbe.Yis.ra.'ElH3478,thatכִּֽי־ki-H3588I should becomeאֶהְיֶ֥ה'eh.YehH1961the son-in-lawחָתָ֖ןcha.TanH2860of the kingלַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃la.Me.lekhH4428?”
19So when it wasוַיְהִ֗יvay.HiH1961timeבְּעֵ֥תbe.'EtH6256to giveתֵּ֛תtetH5414אֶת־'et-H853Saul’sשָׁא֖וּלsha.'UlH7586daughterבַּת־bat-H1323Merabמֵרַ֥בme.RavH4764to Davidלְדָוִ֑דle.da.VidH1732,sheוְהִ֧יאve.Hi'H1931was givenנִתְּנָ֛הni.te.NahH5414in marriageלְאִשָּֽׁה׃le.'i.ShahH802to Adrielלְעַדְרִיאֵ֥לle.'ad.ri.'ElH5741of Meholahהַמְּחֹלָתִ֖יha.me.cho.la.TiH4259.
20Now Saul’sשָׁא֖וּלsha.'UlH7586אֶת־'et-H853daughterבַּת־bat-H1323Michalמִיכַ֥לmi.KhalH4324lovedוַתֶּאֱהַ֛בva.te.'e.HavH157Davidדָּוִ֑דda.VidH1732,and when this was reportedוַיַּגִּ֣דוּvai.ya.Gi.duH5046to Saulלְשָׁא֔וּלle.sha.'UlH7586,itהַדָּבָ֖רha.da.VarH1697pleasedוַיִּשַׁ֥רvai.yi.SharH3474himבְּעֵינָֽיו׃be.'ei.NavH5869.
21“I will give herאֶתְּנֶ֤נָּה'et.te.Ne.nahH5414to David,”Saulשָׁא֜וּלsha.'UlH7586thoughtוַיֹּ֨אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559, “so that she may beוּתְהִי־u.te.hi-H1961a snareלְמוֹקֵ֔שׁle.mo.KeshH4170to him,and the handיַד־yad-H3027of the Philistinesפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑יםpe.lish.TimH6430may beוּתְהִי־u.te.hi-H1961against him.”So Saulשָׁאוּל֙sha.'UlH7586saidוַיֹּ֤אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559toאֶל־'el-H413Davidדָּוִ֔דda.VidH1732, “For a secondבִּשְׁתַּ֛יִםbish.Ta.yimH8147timenowהַיּֽוֹם׃hai.YomH3117you can be my son-in-lawתִּתְחַתֵּ֥ןtit.cha.TenH2859.”
22Then Saulשָׁא֜וּלsha.'UlH7586אֶת־'et-H853orderedוַיְצַ֨וvay.TzavH6680his servantsעֲבָדָ֗יו'a.va.DavH5650, “Speakדַּבְּר֨וּda.be.RuH1696toאֶל־'el-H413Davidדָּוִ֤דda.VidH1732privatelyבַּלָּט֙ba.LatH3909and tell himלֵאמֹ֔רle.MorH559, ‘Beholdהִנֵּ֨הhi.NehH2009,the kingהַמֶּ֔לֶךְha.Me.lekhH4428is pleasedחָפֵ֤ץcha.FetzH2654with you,and allוְכָל־ve.kholH3605his servantsעֲבָדָ֖יו'a.va.DavH5650love youאֲהֵב֑וּךָ'a.he.Vu.khaH157.Now thereforeוְעַתָּ֖הve.'a.TahH6258,become hisבַּמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ba.Me.lekhH4428son-in-lawהִתְחַתֵּ֥ןhit.cha.TenH2859.’”
23But when Saul’sשָׁאוּל֙sha.'UlH7586servantsעַבְדֵ֤י'av.DeiH5650relayedוַֽיְדַבְּר֞וּ בְּאָזְנֵ֣יvay.da.be.Ru be.'a.ze.NeiH1696H241theseהָאֵ֑לֶּהha.'E.lehH428wordsהַדְּבָרִ֖יםha.de.va.RimH1697to Davidדָוִ֔דda.VidH1732אֶת־'et-H853,heדָּוִ֗דda.VidH1732repliedוַיֹּ֣אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559, “Does it seem trivialהַֽנְקַלָּ֤הhan.ka.LahH7043in your sightבְעֵֽינֵיכֶם֙ve.'ei.nei.KhemH5869to be the son-in-lawהִתְחַתֵּ֣ןhit.cha.TenH2859of the kingבַּמֶּ֔לֶךְba.Me.lekhH4428?Iוְאָנֹכִ֖יve.'a.no.KhiH595am a poorרָ֥שׁrashH7326manאִֽישׁ־'ish-H376and lightly esteemedוְנִקְלֶֽה׃ve.nik.LehH7034.”
25Saulשָׁא֜וּלsha.'UlH7586repliedוַיֹּ֨אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559, “Sayתֹאמְר֣וּto.me.RuH559כֹּֽה־koh-H3541to Davidלְדָוִ֗דle.da.VidH1732, ‘The kingלַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙la.Me.lekhH4428desiresחֵ֤פֶץChe.fetzH2656noאֵֽין־'ein-H369other dowryבְּמֹ֔הַרbe.Mo.harH4119butכִּ֗יKiH3588a hundredבְּמֵאָה֙be.me.'AhH3967Philistineפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔יםpe.lish.TimH6430foreskinsעָרְל֣וֹתa.re.LotH6190as revengeלְהִנָּקֵ֖םle.hi.na.KemH5358on hisהַמֶּ֑לֶךְha.Me.lekhH4428enemiesבְּאֹיְבֵ֣יbe.'o.ye.VeiH341.’”But Saulוְשָׁא֣וּלve.sha.'UlH7586intendedחָשַׁ֔בcha.ShavH2803to cause David’sדָּוִ֖דda.VidH1732deathלְהַפִּ֥ילle.ha.PilH5307אֶת־'et-H853at the handsבְּיַד־be.yad-H3027of the Philistinesפְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃pe.lish.TimH6430.
26When the servantsעֲבָדָ֤יו'a.va.DavH5650reportedוַיַּגִּ֨דוּvai.ya.Gi.duH5046theseהָאֵ֔לֶּהha.'E.lehH428termsהַדְּבָרִ֣יםha.de.va.RimH1697to Davidלְדָוִד֙le.da.VidH1732אֶת־'et-H853, heדָוִ֔דda.VidH1732was pleasedוַיִּשַׁ֤ר הַדָּבָר֙ בְּעֵינֵ֣יvai.yi.Shar ha.da.Var be.'ei.NeiH3474H1697H5869to become the king’sבַּמֶּ֑לֶךְba.Me.lekhH4428son-in-lawלְהִתְחַתֵּ֖ןle.hit.cha.TenH2859וְלֹ֥אve.Lo'H3808.Before the wedding day arrivedמָלְא֖וּ הַיָּמִֽים׃mal.'U hai.ya.MimH4390H3117,
27וַיָּ֨קָםvai.Ya.komH6965Davidדָּוִ֜דda.VidH1732and his menוַאֲנָשָׁ֗יוva.'a.na.ShavH582went outוַיֵּ֣לֶךְ׀ ה֣וּאvai.Ye.lekh hu'H1980H1931and killedוַיַּ֣ךְvai.YakhH5221two hundredמָאתַ֣יִם אִישׁ֒ma.Ta.yim 'ishH3967H376Philistinesבַּפְּלִשְׁתִּים֮ba.pe.lish.TimH6430.Heדָוִד֙da.VidH1732אֶת־'et-H853broughtוַיָּבֵ֤אvai.ya.Ve'H935their foreskinsעָרְלֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔ם'a.re.Lo.tei.HemH6190and presented them as payment in fullוַיְמַלְא֣וּםvay.mal.'UmH4390to becomeלַמֶּ֔לֶךְla.Me.lekhH4428the king’sבַּמֶּ֑לֶךְba.Me.lekhH4428son-in-lawלְהִתְחַתֵּ֖ןle.hit.cha.TenH2859.Then Saulשָׁא֛וּלsha.'UlH7586אֶת־'et-H853gaveוַיִּתֶּן־vai.yi.ten-H5414his daughterבִּתּ֖וֹbi.ToH1323Michalמִיכַ֥לmi.KhalH4324to Davidin marriageלְאִשָּֽׁה׃ סle.'i.ShahH802.
29heשָׁא֗וּלsha.'UlH7586grew even moreוַיֹּ֣אסֶף ע֑וֹדvai.Yo.sef odH3254H5750afraidלֵרֹ֛אle.Ro'H3372ofמִפְּנֵ֥יmi.pe.NeiH6440Davidדָוִ֖דda.VidH1732.So from then onכָּל־ הַיָּמִֽים׃ סkol- hai.ya.MimH3605H3117Saulשָׁא֛וּלsha.'UlH7586wasוַיְהִ֥יvay.HiH1961David’sדָּוִ֖דda.VidH1732enemyאֹיֵ֥ב'o.YevH341אֶת־'et-H853.
30Every timeוַיֵּצְא֖וּ מִדֵּ֣יvai.ye.tze.'U mi.DeiH1767H3318the Philistineפְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיְהִ֣י׀fe.lish.Tim vay.HiH6430H1961commandersשָׂרֵ֣יsa.ReiH8269came outצֵאתָ֗םtze.TamH3318for battle,Davidדָּוִד֙da.VidH1732was more successfulשָׂכַ֤לsa.KhalH7919than allמִכֹּל֙mi.KolH3605of Saul’sשָׁא֔וּלsha.'UlH7586officersעַבְדֵ֣י'av.DeiH5650,so that his nameשְׁמ֖וֹshe.MoH8034was highlyמְאֹֽד׃ סme.'OdH3966esteemedוַיִּיקַ֥רvai.yi.KarH3365.
Commentaries on 1 Samuel 18
- Adam Clarke Bible Commentary
- Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
- Matthew Henry Concise Commentary
- Tyndale Open Study Notes
- Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary
- Rashi on Tanakh
- Keil & Delitzsch Commentary
- John Wesley’s Notes
- Darby Translation Notes
- Geneva Bible Translation Notes
- Kingcomments
- Matthew Henry’s Complete Commentary
- Matthew Henry’s Modern English Commentary
- Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary
- EGW Writings
Berean Standard Bible — © Berean Bible — CC0 / Public Domain
Commentaries