Berean Standard Bible
1 Samuel 22
(Psalm 57:1–11; Psalm 142:1–7)
1So Davidדָּוִד֙da.VidH1732leftוַיֵּ֤לֶךְvai.Ye.lekhH1980Gathמִשָּׁ֔םmi.ShamH8033and took refugeוַיִּמָּלֵ֖טvai.yi.ma.LetH4422inאֶל־'el-H413the caveמְעָרַ֣תme.'a.RatH4631of Adullamעֲדֻלָּ֑ם'a.du.LamH5725.When his brothersאֶחָיו֙'e.ChavH251and the rest ofוְכָל־ve.kholH3605his father’sאָבִ֔יו'a.VivH1householdבֵּ֣יתbeitH1004heard about itוַיִּשְׁמְע֤וּvai.yish.me.'UH8085,they went downוַיֵּרְד֥וּvai.ye.re.DuH3381to himאֵלָ֖יו'e.LavH413thereשָֽׁמָּה׃Sha.mahH8033.
2And allכָּל־kol-H3605אִ֨ישׁ'ishH376who were distressedמָצ֜וֹקma.TzokH4689orוְכָל־ve.kholH3605אִ֨ישׁ'ishH376אֲשֶׁר־'a.Sher-H834indebtedנֹשֶׁא֙ וְכָל־ אִ֣ישׁno.She' ve.khol 'ishH5378H3605H376or discontentedמַר־ נֶ֔פֶשׁmar- Ne.feshH4751H5315ralliedוַיִּֽתְקַבְּצ֣וּvai.yit.ka.be.TzuH6908around himאֵ֠לָיו'E.lavH413,and he becameוַיְהִ֥יvay.HiH1961theirעֲלֵיהֶ֖ם'a.lei.HemH5921leaderלְשָׂ֑רle.SarH8269.About fourכְּאַרְבַּ֥עke.'ar.Ba'H702hundredמֵא֖וֹתme.'otH3967menאִֽישׁ׃'IshH376wereוַיִּהְי֣וּvai.yih.YuH1961with himעִמּ֔וֹi.MoH5973.
3From thereמִשָּׁ֖םmi.ShamH8033Davidדָּוִ֛דda.VidH1732wentוַיֵּ֧לֶךְvai.Ye.lekhH1980to Mizpehמִצְפֵּ֣הmitz.PehH4708of Moabמוֹאָ֑בmo.'AvH4124,where he saidוַיֹּ֣אמֶר׀vai.Yo.merH559toאֶל־'el-H413the kingמֶ֣לֶךְMe.lekhH4428of Moabמוֹאָ֗בmo.'AvH4124, “Pleaseנָ֞אna'H4994let my fatherאָבִ֤י'a.ViH1and motherוְאִמִּי֙ve.'i.MiH517stayיֵֽצֵא־ye.tze'-H3318with youאִתְּכֶ֔ם'i.te.KhemH854untilעַ֚ד'adH5704אֲשֶׁ֣ר'a.SherH834I learnאֵדַ֔ע'e.Da'H3045whatמַה־mah-H4100Godאֱלֹהִֽים׃'E.lo.HimH430will doיַּֽעֲשֶׂה־ya.'a.seh-H6213for me.”
4So he left themוַיַּנְחֵ֕םvai.yan.ChemH5148inאֶת־'et-H854the careפְּנֵ֖יpe.NeiH6440of the kingמֶ֣לֶךְMe.lekhH4428of Moabמוֹאָ֑בmo.'AvH4124,and they stayedוַיֵּשְׁב֣וּvai.ye.she.VuH3427with himעִמּ֔וֹi.MoH5973the wholeכָּל־kol-H3605timeיְמֵ֥יye.MeiH3117Davidדָּוִ֖דda.VidH1732wasהֱיוֹת־he.yot-H1961in the strongholdבַּמְּצוּדָֽה׃ סba.me.tzu.DahH4686.
5Then the prophetהַנָּבִ֜יאha.na.Vi'H5030Gadגָּ֨דgadH1410saidוַיֹּאמֶר֩vai.yo.MerH559toאֶל־'el-H413Davidדָּוִ֗דda.VidH1732, “Do notלֹ֤אlo'H3808stayתֵשֵׁב֙te.ShevH3427in the strongholdבַּמְּצוּדָ֔הba.me.tzu.DahH4686.Departלֵ֥ךְlekhH1980and goוּבָֽאתָ־u.va.ta-H935intothe landאֶ֣רֶץ'E.retzH776of Judahיְהוּדָ֑הye.hu.DahH3063.”So Davidדָּוִ֔דda.VidH1732leftוַיֵּ֣לֶךְvai.Ye.lekhH1980and wentוַיָּבֹ֖אvai.ya.Vo'H935to the forestיַ֥עַרYa.'arH3293of Herethחָֽרֶת׃ סCha.retH2802.
Saul Slays the Priests of Nob
(Psalm 52:1–9)
6Soon Saulשָׁא֔וּלsha.'UlH7586learnedוַיִּשְׁמַ֣עvai.yish.Ma'H8085thatכִּ֚יkiH3588Davidדָּוִ֔ד וַאֲנָשִׁ֖יםda.Vid va.'a.na.ShimH1732H582and his menאֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֑וֹ'a.Sher 'i.ToH834H854had been discoveredנוֹדַ֣עno.Da'H3045.At that time Saulוְשָׁאוּל֩ve.sha.'UlH7586was sittingיוֹשֵׁ֨בyo.ShevH3427underתַּֽחַת־ta.chat-H8478the tamarisk treeהָאֶ֤שֶׁלha.'E.shelH815on the hillבָּֽרָמָה֙ba.ra.MahH7413at Gibeahבַּגִּבְעָ֜הba.giv.'AhH1390,with his spearוַחֲנִית֣וֹva.cha.ni.ToH2595in handבְיָד֔וֹve.ya.DoH3027and allוְכָל־ve.kholH3605his servantsעֲבָדָ֖יו'a.va.DavH5650standingנִצָּבִ֥יםni.tza.VimH5324around himעָלָֽיו׃'a.LavH5921.
7Then Saulשָׁא֗וּלsha.'UlH7586saidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559to his servantsלַֽעֲבָדָיו֙ הַנִּצָּבִ֣ים עָלָ֔יוla.'a.va.Dav ha.ni.tza.Vim 'a.LavH5650H5324H5921, “Listenשִׁמְעוּ־ נָ֖אshim.'u- na'H8085H4994,menH1121of Benjaminגַּם־gam-H3227H1571!Is the sonבֶּן־ben-H1121of Jesseיִשַׁי֙yi.ShaiH3448givingיִתֵּ֤ןyi.TenH5414allלְכֻלְּכֶ֗םle.khu.le.KhemH3605of you fieldsשָׂד֣וֹתsa.DotH7704and vineyardsוּכְרָמִ֔יםu.khe.ra.MimH3754andmakingיָשִׂ֔יםya.SimH7760youלְכֻלְּכֶ֣םle.khu.le.KhemH3605commandersשָׂרֵ֥יsa.ReiH8269of thousandsאֲלָפִ֖ים'a.la.FimH505orוְשָׂרֵ֥יve.sa.ReiH8269hundredsמֵאֽוֹת׃me.'otH3967?
8Is thatכִּי֩kiH3588why allכֻּלְּכֶ֜םku.le.KhemH3605of you have conspiredקְשַׁרְתֶּ֨םke.shar.TemH7194against meעָלַ֗י'a.LaiH5921?Not oneוְאֵין־ve.'ein-H369of youtoldגֹּלֶ֤הgo.LehH1540meאֶת־'et-H853thatאָזְנִי֙'a.ze.NiH241my own sonבְּנִ֣יbe.NiH1121had made a covenantבִּכְרָת־bikh.rot-H3772withעִם־'im-H5973the sonבֶּן־ben-H1121of Jesseיִשַׁ֔יyi.ShaiH3448.Not oneוְאֵין־ve.'ein-H369of youhas shown concernחֹלֶ֥הcho.LehH2470for meעָלַ֖י'a.LaiH5921or revealedוְגֹלֶ֣הve.go.LehH1540אֶת־'et-H853to meאָזְנִ֑י'a.ze.NiH241thatכִּ֣יkiH3588my sonבְּנִ֨יbe.NiH1121אֶת־'et-H853has stirred upהֵקִים֩he.KimH6965my own servantעַבְדִּ֥י'av.DiH5650to lie in waitלְאֹרֵ֖בle.'o.RevH693against meעָלַ֛י'a.LaiH5921,as is the case todayכַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ סkai.Yom ha.ZehH3117H2088.”
9But Doegדֹּאֵ֣גdo.'EgH1673the Edomiteהָאֲדֹמִ֗יha.'a.do.MiH130,whoוְה֛וּאve.Hu'H1931had stationed himselfנִצָּ֥בni.TzavH5324withעַל־'al-H5921Saul’sשָׁא֖וּל וַיֹּאמַ֑רsha.'Ul vai.yo.MarH7586H559servantsעַבְדֵֽי־'av.dei-H5650,answeredוַיַּ֜עַןvai.Ya.'anH6030: “I sawרָאִ֙יתִי֙ra.'I.tiH7200אֶת־'et-H853the sonבֶּן־ben-H1121of Jesseיִשַׁ֔יyi.ShaiH3448comeבָּ֣אba'H935toאֶל־'el-H413Ahimelechאֲחִימֶ֖לֶךְ'a.chi.Me.lekhH288sonבֶּן־ben-H1121of Ahitubאֲחִטֽוּב׃'a.chi.TuvH285at Nobנֹ֔בֶהNoehH5011.
10Ahimelech inquiredוַיִּשְׁאַל־vai.yish.'al-H7592of the LORDבַּֽיהוָ֔הba.Yah.wehH3068for himand gaveנָ֣תַןNa.tanH5414himוְאֵ֗תve.'EtH853provisionsוְצֵידָ֖הve.tzei.DahH6720.He also gaveנָ֥תַןNa.tanH5414himthe swordחֶ֛רֶבChe.revH2719of Goliathגָּלְיָ֥תgal.YatH1555the Philistineהַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖יha.pe.lish.TiH6430.”
11Then the kingהַמֶּ֡לֶךְha.Me.lekhH4428sentוַיִּשְׁלַ֣חvai.yish.LachH7971messengers to summonלִקְרֹא֩lik.Ro'H7121אֶת־'et-H853Ahimelechאֲחִימֶ֨לֶךְ'a.chi.Me.lekhH288the priestהַכֹּהֵ֗ןha.ko.HenH3548וְאֵ֨תve.'EtH853,the sonבֶּן־ben-H1121of Ahitubאֲחִיט֜וּב'a.chi.TuvH285,and his father’sאָבִ֛יו'a.VivH1wholeכָּל־kol-H3605familyבֵּ֥יתbeitH1004,whoאֲשֶׁ֣ר'a.SherH834were priestsהַכֹּהֲנִ֖יםha.ko.ha.NimH3548at Nobבְּנֹ֑בbe.NoH5011.And allכֻלָּ֖םkhu.LamH3605of them cameוַיָּבֹ֥אוּvai.ya.Vo.'uH935toאֶל־'el-H413the kingהַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ סha.Me.lekhH4428.
13And Saulשָׁא֔וּלsha.'UlH7586askedוַיֹּ֤אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559himאֵלָיו֙'e.lovH413, “Whyלָ֚מָּהLa.mahH4100have youאַתָּ֖ה'a.TahH859and the sonוּבֶן־u.ven-H1121of Jesseיִשָׁ֑יyi.ShaiH3448conspiredקְשַׁרְתֶּ֣םke.shar.TemH7194against meעָלַ֔י'a.LaiH5921?You gaveבְּתִתְּךָ֨be.ti.te.KhaH5414himbreadלֶ֣חֶםLe.chemH3899and a swordוְחֶ֗רֶבve.Che.revH2719and inquiredוְשָׁא֥וֹלve.sha.'olH7592of Godבֵּֽאלֹהִ֔יםbe.lo.HimH430for himso that he could rise upלָק֥וּםla.KumH6965against meאֵלַ֛י'e.LaiH413to lie in waitלְאֹרֵ֖בle.'o.RevH693,as he is doing todayכַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ סkai.Yom ha.ZehH3117H2088.”
14Ahimelechאֲחִימֶ֛לֶךְ'a.chi.Me.lekhH288אֶת־'et-H853answeredוַיַּ֧עַןvai.Ya.'anH6030the kingהַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וַיֹּאמַ֑רha.Me.lekh vai.yo.MarH4428H559, “Whoוּמִ֤יu.MiH4310among allבְכָל־ve.khol-H3605your servantsעֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙'a.va.Dei.khaH5650is as faithfulנֶאֱמָ֔ןne.'e.ManH539as Davidכְּדָוִ֣דke.da.VidH1732,the king’sהַמֶּ֛לֶךְha.Me.lekhH4428son-in-lawוַחֲתַ֥ןva.cha.TanH2860,the captainוְסָ֥רve.SarH5493ofאֶל־'el-H413your bodyguardמִשְׁמַעְתֶּ֖ךָmish.ma'.Te.khaH4928and honoredוְנִכְבָּ֥דve.nikh.BadH3513in your houseבְּבֵיתֶֽךָ׃be.vei.Te.khaH1004?
15Was that dayהַיּ֧וֹםhai.YomH3117the first timeהַחִלֹּ֛תִיha.chi.Lo.tiH2490I inquiredH7592of Godבֵאלֹהִ֖יםve.lo.HimH430for himH7592?Far be itחָלִ֣ילָהcha.Li.lahH2486from me!Let notאַל־'al-H408the kingהַמֶּ֨לֶךְha.Me.lekhH4428accuseיָשֵׂם֩ דָבָר֙ya.Sem da.VarH7760H1697your servantבְּעַבְדּ֤וֹbe.'av.DoH5650or anyבְּכָל־be.kholH3605of my father’sאָבִ֔י'a.ViH1householdבֵּ֣יתbeitH1004,forכִּ֠יkiH3588your servantעַבְדְּךָ֙'av.de.KhaH5650knewיָדַ֤עya.Da'H3045nothingלֹֽא־lo'-H3808of thisזֹ֔אתZotH2063wholeבְּכָל־be.kholH3605affairדָּבָ֥רda.VarH1697—not in partקָטֹ֖ןka.TonH6996orא֥וֹ'oH176in wholeגָדֽוֹל׃ga.DolH1419.”
17Then the kingהַמֶּ֡לֶךְha.Me.lekhH4428orderedוַיֹּ֣אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559the guardsלָרָצִים֩la.ra.TzimH7323at his sideהַנִּצָּבִ֨ים עָלָ֜יוha.ni.tza.Vim 'a.LavH5324H5921, “Turnסֹ֥בּוּSo.buH5437and killוְהָמִ֣יתוּ׀ve.ha.Mi.tuH4191the priestsכֹּהֲנֵ֣יko.ha.NeiH3548of the LORDיְהוָ֗הYah.wehH3068,becauseכִּ֤יkiH3588they tooגַם־gam-H1571sided withיָדָם֙ עִם־ya.Dam 'im-H3027H5973Davidדָּוִ֔דda.VidH1732.Forוְכִ֤יve.KhiH3588they knewיָֽדְעוּ֙ כִּֽי־ya.de.'U ki-H3045H3588heה֔וּאHu'H1931was fleeingבֹרֵ֣חַvo.Re.achH1272,but they did notוְלֹ֥אve.Lo'H3808tellגָל֖וּga.LuH1540אֶת־'et-H853meאָזְנִ֑י'a.ze.niH241.”But the king’sהַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ha.Me.lekhH4428servantsעַבְדֵ֤י'av.DeiH5650wouldאָב֞וּ'a.VuH14notוְלֹֽא־ve.lo'-H3808liftלִשְׁלֹ֣חַlish.Lo.achH7971אֶת־'et-H853a handיָדָ֔םya.DamH3027to strikeלִפְגֹ֖עַlif.Go.a'H6293the priestsבְּכֹהֲנֵ֥יbe.kho.ha.NeiH3548of the LORDיְהוָֽה׃ סYah.wehH3068.
18So the kingהַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ha.Me.lekhH4428orderedוַיֹּ֤אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559Doegלְדוֹאֵ֔גle.do.yegH1673, “Youאַתָּ֔ה'a.TahH859turnסֹ֣בsoH5437and strike downוּפְגַ֖עu.fe.Ga'H6293the priestsבַּכֹּהֲנִ֑יםba.ko.ha.NimH3548!”And Doegדּוֹאֵ֣גdo.yegH1673the Edomiteהָאֲדֹמִ֗יha.'a.do.MiH130turnedוַיִּסֹּ֞בvai.yi.SoH5437and struck downוַיִּפְגַּע־vai.yif.ga'-H6293the priestsבַּכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔יםba.Ko.ha.NimH3548himselfהוּא֙hu'H1931.On thatהַה֗וּאha.Hu'H1931dayבַּיּ֣וֹםbai.YomH3117he killedוַיָּ֣מֶת׀vai.Ya.metH4191eighty-fiveשְׁמֹנִ֤ים וַחֲמִשָּׁה֙she.mo.Nim va.cha.mi.ShahH8084H2568menאִ֔ישׁ'IshH376who woreנֹשֵׂ֖אno.Se'H5375the linenבָּֽד׃BadH906ephodאֵפ֥וֹד'e.FodH646.
19וְאֵ֨תve.'EtH853He also putהִכָּ֣הhi.KahH5221to the swordלְפִי־ חֶ֔רֶבle.fi- Che.revH6310H2719Nobנֹ֤בnoH5011,the cityעִיר־'ir-H5892of the priestsהַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ha.ko.ha.NimH3548,with its menמֵאִישׁ֙me.'IshH376andוְעַד־ve.'ad-H5704womenאִשָּׁ֔ה'i.ShahH802,childrenמֵעוֹלֵ֖לme.'o.LelH5768andוְעַד־ve.'ad-H5704infantsיוֹנֵ֑קyo.NekH3243,oxenוְשׁ֧וֹרve.ShorH7794,donkeysוַחֲמ֛וֹרva.cha.MorH2543,and sheepוָשֶׂ֖ה לְפִי־ חָֽרֶב׃va.Seh le.fi- Cha.revH7716H6310H2719.
20But oneאֶחָ֗ד'e.ChadH259of the sonsבֵּן־ben-H1121of Ahimelechלַאֲחִימֶ֙לֶךְ֙la.'a.chi.Me.lekhH288sonבֶּן־ben-H1121of Ahitubאֲחִט֔וּב'a.chi.TuvH285escapedוַיִּמָּלֵ֣טvai.yi.ma.LetH4422.His nameוּשְׁמ֖וֹu.she.MoH8034was Abiatharאֶבְיָתָ֑ר'ev.ya.TarH54,and he fledוַיִּבְרַ֖חvai.yiv.RachH1272toאַחֲרֵ֥י'a.cha.ReiH310Davidדָוִֽד׃da.VidH1732.
22Then Davidדָּוִ֜דda.VidH1732saidוַיֹּ֨אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559to Abiatharלְאֶבְיָתָ֗רle.'ev.ya.TarH54, “I knewיָדַ֜עְתִּיya.Da'.tiH3045that Doegדּוֹאֵ֣גdo.yegH1673the Edomiteכִּֽי־ הָאֲדֹמִ֔יki- ha.'a.do.MiH130H3588was thereשָׁם֙shamH8033thatהַהוּא֙ha.Hu'H1931dayבַּיּ֤וֹםbai.YomH3117,and thatכִּֽי־ki-H3588he was sure to tellH5046Saulלְשָׁא֑וּלle.sha.'UlH7586.I myselfאָנֹכִ֣י'a.no.KhiH595am responsibleסַבֹּ֔תִיsa.Bo.tiH5437for the livesנֶ֖פֶשׁNe.feshH5315of everyoneבְּכָל־be.kholH3605in your father’sאָבִֽיךָ׃'a.Vi.khaH1houseבֵּ֥יתbeitH1004.
23Stayשְׁבָ֤הshe.VahH3427with meאִתִּי֙'i.TiH854;do notאַל־'al-H408be afraidתִּירָ֔אti.Ra'H3372,forכִּ֛יkiH3588he whoאֲשֶׁר־'a.Sher-H834seeksיְבַקֵּ֥שׁye.va.KeshH1245אֶת־'et-H853your lifeנַפְשִׁ֖יnaf.ShiH5315is seekingיְבַקֵּ֣שׁye.va.KeshH1245אֶת־'et-H853mineנַפְשֶׁ֑ךָ כִּֽי־naf.She.kha ki-H5315H3588as well.Youאַתָּ֖ה'a.TahH859will be safeמִשְׁמֶ֥רֶתmish.Me.retH4931with meעִמָּדִֽי׃'i.ma.DiH5978.”
Commentaries on 1 Samuel 22
- Adam Clarke Bible Commentary
- Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
- Matthew Henry Concise Commentary
- Tyndale Open Study Notes
- Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary
- Rashi on Tanakh
- Keil & Delitzsch Commentary
- John Wesley’s Notes
- Darby Translation Notes
- Geneva Bible Translation Notes
- Kingcomments
- Matthew Henry’s Complete Commentary
- Matthew Henry’s Modern English Commentary
- Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary
- EGW Writings
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Commentaries