Revised Literal Translation
1 Samuel 18
1And it came to pass, when he had made an endכְּכַלֹּתוֹ֙ke.kha.lo.ToH3615of speakingלְדַבֵּ֣רle.da.BerH1696unto Saulשָׁא֔וּלsha.'UlH7586,that the soulוְנֶ֙פֶשׁ֙ve.Ne.feshH5315of Jonathanיְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ןye.Ho.na.TanH3083was knitנִקְשְׁרָ֖הnik.she.RahH7194with the soulבְּנֶ֣פֶשׁbe.Ne.feshH5315of Davidדָּוִ֑דda.VidH1732,and Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֖ןye.ho.na.TanH3083lovedוַיֶּאֱהָבֵ֥הוּvai.ye.'e.ha.vovH157him as his own soulכְּנַפְשֽׁוֹ׃ke.naf.ShoH5315.
4And Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֗ןye.ho.na.TanH3083strippedוַיִּתְפַּשֵּׁ֣טvai.yit.pa.ShetH6584himself of the robeהַמְּעִיל֙ha.me.'IlH4598that wasupon him, and gaveוַֽיִּתְּנֵ֖הוּvai.yi.te.Ne.huH5414it to Davidלְדָוִ֑דle.da.VidH1732,and his garmentsוּמַדָּ֕יוu.ma.DavH4055,even to his swordחַרְבּ֥וֹchar.BoH2719,and to his bowקַשְׁתּ֖וֹkash.ToH7198,and to his girdleH2289.
5And Davidדָוִ֜דda.VidH1732went outוַיֵּצֵ֨אvai.ye.Tze'H3318whithersoever Saulשָׁאוּל֙sha.'UlH7586sentיִשְׁלָחֶ֤נּוּyish.la.Che.nuH7971him, andbehaved himself wiselyיַשְׂכִּ֔ילyas.KilH7919:and Saulשָׁא֔וּלsha.'UlH7586setוַיְשִׂמֵ֣הוּvay.si.Me.huH7760him over the menאַנְשֵׁ֣י'an.SheiH582of warהַמִּלְחָמָ֑הha.mil.cha.MahH4421,and he was acceptedוַיִּיטַב֙vai.yi.TavH3190in the sightבְּעֵינֵ֣יbe.'ei.NeiH5869of all the peopleהָעָ֔םha.'AmH5971,and also in the sightבְּעֵינֵ֖יbe.'ei.NeiH5869of Saul’sשָׁאֽוּל׃ פsha.'UlH7586servantsעַבְדֵ֥י'av.DeiH5650.
6And it came to pass as they cameבְּבוֹאָ֗םbe.vo.'AmH935,when Davidדָּוִד֙da.VidH1732was returnedבְּשׁ֤וּבbe.ShuvH7725from the slaughterמֵהַכּ֣וֹתme.ha.KotH5221of the Philistineהַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔יha.pe.lish.TiH6430,that the womenהַנָּשִׁ֜יםha.na.ShimH802came outוַתֵּצֶ֨אנָהva.te.Tze.nahH3318of all citiesעָרֵ֤י'a.ReiH5892of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵל֙Yis.ra.'ElH3478,singingלָשִׁ֣ירla.shorH7891and dancingוְהַמְּחֹל֔וֹתve.ha.me.cho.LotH4246,to meetH7125kingהַמֶּ֑לֶךְha.Me.lekhH4428Saulשָׁא֣וּלsha.'UlH7586,with tabretsבְּתֻפִּ֥יםbe.tu.PimH8596,with joyבְּשִׂמְחָ֖הbe.sim.ChahH8057,and with instruments of musickוּבְשָׁלִשִֽׁים׃u.ve.sha.li.ShimH7991.
7And the womenהַנָּשִׁ֥יםha.na.ShimH802answeredוַֽתַּעֲנֶ֛ינָהva.ta.'a.Nei.nahH6030one anotheras they playedהַֽמְשַׂחֲק֖וֹתham.sa.cha.KotH7832,and saidוַתֹּאמַ֑רְןָva.to.Mar.naH559,Saulשָׁאוּל֙sha.'UlH7586hath slainהִכָּ֤הhi.KahH5221his thousandsבַּאֲלָפָ֔יוba.'el.fovH505,and Davidוְדָוִ֖דve.da.VidH1732his ten thousandsבְּרִבְבֹתָֽיו׃be.ri.vo.TavH7233.
8And Saulלְשָׁא֜וּלle.sha.'UlH7586was veryמְאֹ֗דme.'OdH3966wrothוַיִּ֨חַרvai.Yi.charH2734,and the sayingהַדָּבָ֣רha.da.VarH1697displeasedבְּעֵינָיו֙be.'ei.NavH5869H3415him; and he saidוַיֹּ֗אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559,They have ascribedנָתְנ֤וּna.te.NuH5414unto Davidלְדָוִד֙le.da.VidH1732ten thousandsרְבָב֔וֹתre.va.VotH7233,and to me they have ascribedנָתְנ֖וּna.te.NuH5414butthousandsהָאֲלָפִ֑יםha.'a.la.FimH505: and whatcan he have more but the kingdomהַמְּלוּכָֽה׃ha.me.lu.KhahH4410?
10And it came to pass on the morrowמִֽמָּחֳרָ֗תmi.mo.cho.RatH4283,that the evilרָעָ֤ה׀ra.'AhH7451spiritרוּחַ֩ru.aChH7307from Godאֱלֹהִ֨ים׀'E.lo.HimH430cameוַתִּצְלַ֣חva.titz.LachH6743upon Saulשָׁאוּל֙sha.'UlH7586,and he prophesiedוַיִּתְנַבֵּ֣אvai.yit.na.Be'H5012in the midstבְתוֹךְ־ve.tokh-H8432of the houseהַבַּ֔יִתha.Ba.yitH1004:and Davidוְדָוִ֛דve.da.VidH1732playedמְנַגֵּ֥ןme.na.GenH5059with his handבְּיָד֖וֹbe.ya.DoH3027,as at other timesH3117: and there wasa javelinוְהַחֲנִ֖יתve.ha.cha.NitH2595in Saul’sשָׁאֽוּל׃sha.'UlH7586handבְּיַד־be.yad-H3027.
11And Saulשָׁאוּל֙sha.'UlH7586castוַיָּ֤טֶלvai.Ya.telH2904the javelinהַחֲנִ֔יתha.cha.NitH2595;for he saidוַיֹּ֕אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559,I will smiteאַכֶּ֥ה'a.KehH5221Davidבְדָוִ֖דve.da.VidH1732even to the wallוּבַקִּ֑ירu.va.KirH7023with it.And Davidדָּוִ֛דda.VidH1732avoided outוַיִּסֹּ֥בvai.yi.SoH5437of his presenceמִפָּנָ֖יוmi.pa.NavH6440twiceפַּעֲמָֽיִם׃pa.'a.Ma.yimH6471.
13Therefore Saulשָׁאוּל֙sha.'UlH7586removedוַיְסִרֵ֤הוּvay.si.Re.huH5493him from him, and madeוַיְשִׂמֵ֥הוּvay.si.Me.huH7760him his captainשַׂר־sar-H8269over a thousandאָ֑לֶף'A.lefH505;and he went outוַיֵּצֵ֥אvai.ye.Tze'H3318and came inוַיָּבֹ֖אvai.ya.Vo'H935beforeלִפְנֵ֥יlif.NeiH6440the peopleהָעָֽם׃ פha.'AmH5971.
17And Saulשָׁא֜וּלsha.'UlH7586saidוַיֹּ֨אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559to Davidדָּוִ֗דda.VidH1732,Behold my elderהַגְּדוֹלָ֤הha.ge.do.LahH1419daughterבִתִּ֨יvi.TiH1323Merabמֵרַב֙me.RavH4764,her will I giveאֶתֶּן־'e.ten-H5414thee to wifeלְאִשָּׁ֔הle.'i.ShahH802:only be thou valiantלְבֶן־ חַ֔יִלle.ven- Cha.yilH2428H1121for me, and fightוְהִלָּחֵ֖םve.hi.la.ChemH3898Yhwh'sיְהוָ֑הYah.wehH3068battlesמִלְחֲמ֣וֹתmil.cha.MotH4421.For Saulוְשָׁא֣וּלve.sha.'UlH7586saidאָמַ֗ר'a.MarH559,Let not mine handיָדִי֙ya.DiH3027be upon him, but let the handיַד־yad-H3027of the Philistinesפְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ סpe.lish.TimH6430be upon him.
18And Davidדָּוִ֜דda.VidH1732saidוַיֹּ֨אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559unto Saulשָׁא֗וּלsha.'UlH7586, Who am I? and what ismy lifeחַיַּ֔יchai.YaiH2416, ormy father’sאָבִ֖י'a.ViH1familyמִשְׁפַּ֥חַתmish.Pa.chatH4940in Israelבְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑לbe.Yis.ra.'ElH3478,that I should be son in lawחָתָ֖ןcha.TanH2860to the kingלַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃la.Me.lekhH4428?
19But it came to pass at the timeבְּעֵ֥תbe.'EtH6256when Merabמֵרַ֥בme.RavH4764Saul’sשָׁא֖וּלsha.'UlH7586daughterבַּת־bat-H1323should have been givenתֵּ֛תtetH5414to Davidלְדָוִ֑דle.da.VidH1732,that she was givenנִתְּנָ֛הni.te.NahH5414unto Adrielלְעַדְרִיאֵ֥לle.'ad.ri.'ElH5741the Meholathiteהַמְּחֹלָתִ֖יha.me.cho.la.TiH4259to wifeלְאִשָּֽׁה׃le.'i.ShahH802.
20And Michalמִיכַ֥לmi.KhalH4324Saul’sשָׁא֖וּלsha.'UlH7586daughterבַּת־bat-H1323lovedוַתֶּאֱהַ֛בva.te.'e.HavH157Davidדָּוִ֑דda.VidH1732:and they toldוַיַּגִּ֣דוּvai.ya.Gi.duH5046Saulלְשָׁא֔וּלle.sha.'UlH7586,and the thingהַדָּבָ֖רha.da.VarH1697pleasedוַיִּשַׁ֥ר בְּעֵינָֽיו׃vai.yi.Shar be.'ei.NavH5869H3474him.
21And Saulשָׁא֜וּלsha.'UlH7586saidוַיֹּ֨אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559,I will giveאֶתְּנֶ֤נָּה'et.te.Ne.nahH5414him her, that she may be a snareלְמוֹקֵ֔שׁle.mo.KeshH4170to him, and that the handיַד־yad-H3027of the Philistinesפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑יםpe.lish.TimH6430may be against him. Wherefore Saulשָׁאוּל֙sha.'UlH7586saidוַיֹּ֤אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559to Davidדָּוִ֔דda.VidH1732,Thou shalt this dayהַיּֽוֹם׃hai.YomH3117be my son in lawתִּתְחַתֵּ֥ןtit.cha.TenH2859in the one ofthe twainבִּשְׁתַּ֛יִםbish.Ta.yimH8147.
22And Saulשָׁא֜וּלsha.'UlH7586commandedוַיְצַ֨וvay.TzavH6680his servantsעֲבָדָ֗יו'a.va.DavH5650, saying,Communeדַּבְּר֨וּda.be.RuH1696with Davidדָּוִ֤דda.VidH1732secretlyבַּלָּט֙ba.LatH3909,and sayלֵאמֹ֔רle.MorH559,Behold, the kingהַמֶּ֔לֶךְha.Me.lekhH4428hath delightחָפֵ֤ץcha.FetzH2654in thee, and all his servantsעֲבָדָ֖יו'a.va.DavH5650loveאֲהֵב֑וּךָ'a.he.Vu.khaH157thee: now therefore be the king’sבַּמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ba.Me.lekhH4428son in lawהִתְחַתֵּ֥ןhit.cha.TenH2859.
23And Saul’sשָׁאוּל֙sha.'UlH7586servantsעַבְדֵ֤י'av.DeiH5650spakeוַֽיְדַבְּר֞וּvay.da.be.RuH1696those wordsהַדְּבָרִ֖יםha.de.va.RimH1697in the earsבְּאָזְנֵ֣יbe.'a.ze.NeiH241of Davidדָוִ֔דda.VidH1732.And Davidדָּוִ֗דda.VidH1732saidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559,Seemethבְעֵֽינֵיכֶם֙ve.'ei.nei.KhemH5869it to you alightהַֽנְקַלָּ֤הhan.ka.LahH7043thingto be a king’sבַּמֶּ֔לֶךְba.Me.lekhH4428son in lawהִתְחַתֵּ֣ןhit.cha.TenH2859, seeing that I ama poorרָ֥שׁrashH7326manאִֽישׁ־'ish-H376,and lightly esteemedוְנִקְלֶֽה׃ve.nik.LehH7034?
25And Saulשָׁא֜וּלsha.'UlH7586saidוַיֹּ֨אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559,Thus shall ye sayתֹאמְר֣וּto.me.RuH559to Davidלְדָוִ֗דle.da.VidH1732,The kingלַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙la.Me.lekhH4428desirethחֵ֤פֶץChe.fetzH2656not any dowryבְּמֹ֔הַרbe.Mo.harH4119,but an hundredבְּמֵאָה֙be.me.'AhH3967foreskinsעָרְל֣וֹתa.re.LotH6190of the Philistinesפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔יםpe.lish.TimH6430,to be avengedלְהִנָּקֵ֖םle.hi.na.KemH5358of the king’sהַמֶּ֑לֶךְha.Me.lekhH4428enemiesבְּאֹיְבֵ֣יbe.'o.ye.VeiH341.But Saulוְשָׁא֣וּלve.sha.'UlH7586thoughtחָשַׁ֔בcha.ShavH2803to make Davidדָּוִ֖דda.VidH1732fallלְהַפִּ֥ילle.ha.PilH5307by the handבְּיַד־be.yad-H3027of the Philistinesפְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃pe.lish.TimH6430.
26And when his servantsעֲבָדָ֤יו'a.va.DavH5650toldוַיַּגִּ֨דוּvai.ya.Gi.duH5046Davidלְדָוִד֙le.da.VidH1732these wordsהַדְּבָרִ֣יםha.de.va.RimH1697,it pleasedוַיִּשַׁ֤ר הַדָּבָר֙ בְּעֵינֵ֣יvai.yi.Shar ha.da.Var be.'ei.NeiH5869H1697H3474Davidדָוִ֔דda.VidH1732well to be the king’sבַּמֶּ֑לֶךְba.Me.lekhH4428son in lawלְהִתְחַתֵּ֖ןle.hit.cha.TenH2859:and the daysהַיָּמִֽים׃hai.ya.MimH3117were not expiredמָלְא֖וּmal.'UH4390.
27Wherefore Davidדָּוִ֜דda.VidH1732aroseוַיָּ֨קָםvai.Ya.komH6965and wentH3212,he and his menוַאֲנָשָׁ֗יוva.'a.na.ShavH582,and slewוַיַּ֣ךְvai.YakhH5221of the Philistinesבַּפְּלִשְׁתִּים֮ba.pe.lish.TimH6430two hundredמָאתַ֣יִםma.Ta.yimH3967menאִישׁ֒'ishH376;and Davidדָוִד֙da.VidH1732broughtוַיָּבֵ֤אvai.ya.Ve'H935their foreskinsעָרְלֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔ם'a.re.Lo.tei.HemH6190,and they gave them in full taleוַיְמַלְא֣וּםvay.mal.'UmH4390to the kingלַמֶּ֔לֶךְla.Me.lekhH4428,that he might be the king’sבַּמֶּ֑לֶךְba.Me.lekhH4428son in lawלְהִתְחַתֵּ֖ןle.hit.cha.TenH2859.And Saulשָׁא֛וּלsha.'UlH7586gaveוַיִּתֶּן־vai.yi.ten-H5414him Michalמִיכַ֥לmi.KhalH4324his daughterבִּתּ֖וֹbi.ToH1323to wifeלְאִשָּֽׁה׃ סle.'i.ShahH802.
30Then the princesשָׂרֵ֣יsa.ReiH8269of the Philistinesפְלִשְׁתִּ֑יםfe.lish.TimH6430went forthוַיֵּצְא֖וּvai.ye.tze.'UH3318:and it came to pass, afterמִדֵּ֣יmi.DeiH1767they went forthצֵאתָ֗םtze.TamH3318, thatDavidדָּוִד֙da.VidH1732behaved himself more wiselyשָׂכַ֤לsa.KhalH7919than all the servantsעַבְדֵ֣י'av.DeiH5650of Saulשָׁא֔וּלsha.'UlH7586;so that his nameשְׁמ֖וֹshe.MoH8034was muchמְאֹֽד׃ סme.'OdH3966set byוַיִּיקַ֥רvai.yi.KarH3365.
Commentaries on 1 Samuel 18
- Adam Clarke Bible Commentary
- Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
- Matthew Henry Concise Commentary
- Tyndale Open Study Notes
- Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary
- Rashi on Tanakh
- Keil & Delitzsch Commentary
- John Wesley’s Notes
- Darby Translation Notes
- Geneva Bible Translation Notes
- Kingcomments
- Matthew Henry’s Complete Commentary
- Matthew Henry’s Modern English Commentary
- Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary
- EGW Writings
Revised Literal Translation — © 2018 Michael W. Jones, Sr. — GPL
Commentaries