Berean Standard Bible
1 Samuel 21
(Matthew 12:1–8; Mark 2:23–28; Luke 6:1–5)
1Then Davidדָוִד֙da.VidH1732cameH935to Nobנֹ֔בֶהNoehH5011,toאֶל־'el-H413Ahimelechאֲחִימֶ֖לֶךְ'a.chi.Me.lekhH288the priestהַכֹּהֵ֑ןha.ko.HenH3548.And when Ahimelechאֲחִימֶ֜לֶךְ'a.chi.Me.lekhH288metלִקְרַ֣אתlik.RatH7122Davidדָּוִ֗דda.VidH1732,he trembledוַיֶּחֱרַ֨דvai.ye.che.RadH2729and askedוַיֹּ֤אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559him, “Whyמַדּ֤וּעַma.Du.a'H4069areyouאַתָּה֙'a.TahH859aloneלְבַדֶּ֔ךָle.va.De.khaH905?Why isוְאִ֖ישׁve.'IshH376no oneאֵ֥ין'einH369with youאִתָּֽךְ׃'i.TakhH854?”
2“The kingהַמֶּלֶךְ֮ha.me.leKhH4428has given meצִוַּ֣נִיtzi.Va.niH6680a missionדָבָר֒da.VarH1697,”DavidH1732repliedH559H288H3548. “He toldH559meH413no oneאַל־'al-H376H408is to knowיֵ֧דַעYe.da'H3045מְא֛וּמָהme.'U.mahH3972aboutאֶת־'et-H853the missionהַדָּבָ֛רha.da.VarH1697on whichאֲשֶׁר־'a.Sher-H834Iאָנֹכִ֥י'a.no.KhiH595am sending youשֹׁלֵֽחֲךָ֖ וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּיתִ֑ךָsho.le.cha.Kha va.'a.Sher tzi.vi.Ti.khaH7971H834H6680.Andוְאֶת־ve.'EtH853I have directedיוֹדַ֔עְתִּיyo.Da'.tiH3045myyoung menהַנְּעָרִ֣יםha.ne.'a.RimH5288to meet meH413at a certain placeמְק֥וֹם פְּלֹנִ֖י אַלְמוֹנִֽי׃me.Kom pe.lo.Ni 'al.mo.NiH4725H6423H492.
4“There isnoאֵֽין־'ein-H369commonחֹ֖לcholH2455breadH3899אֶל־'el-H413onH8478handH3027,”the priestהַכֹּהֵ֤ןha.ko.HenH3548repliedוַיַּ֨עַןvai.Ya.'anH6030אֶת־'et-H853דָּוִד֙da.VidH1732וַיֹּ֔אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559כִּֽי־ki-H3588, “butאִם־'im-H518there is someH3426consecratedקֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ko.deshH6944breadH3899—provided thatאִם־'im-H518the young menהַנְּעָרִ֖יםha.ne.'a.RimH5288אַ֥ךְ'akhH389have kept themselvesנִשְׁמְר֥וּnish.me.RuH8104from womenמֵאִשָּֽׁה׃ פme.'i.ShahH802.”
5DavidH1732answeredH6030H853H3548H559H3588, “WomenH802haveindeedH518beenkeptעֲצֻֽרָה־'a.tzu.rah-H6113from usכִּתְמ֣וֹלkit.MolH8543,as is usualשִׁלְשֹׁ֔םshil.ShomH8032when I set outבְּצֵאתִ֕יbe.tze.TiH3318.And the bodiesכְלֵֽי־khe.lei-H3627of the young menH5288areוַיִּהְי֥וּvai.yih.YuH1961holyH6944evenוְהוּא֙ve.Hu'H1931on commonH2455missionsדֶּ֣רֶךְDe.rekhH1870.How muchוְאַ֕ףve.'AfH637more soיִקְדַּ֥שׁ בַּכֶּֽלִי׃yik.Dash ba.Ke.liH3588H6942H3627todayהַיּ֖וֹםhai.YomH3117!”
6So the priestH3548gaveוַיִּתֶּן־vai.yi.ten-H5414himthe consecratedH6944bread,sinceH3588there wasH1961noלֹא־lo'-H3808breadלֶ֗חֶםLe.chemH3899thereשָׁ֜םshamH8033H3588butH518the Breadלֶ֤חֶםLe.chemH3899of the Presenceהַפָּנִים֙ha.pa.NimH6440,which had been removedהַמּֽוּסָרִים֙ha.mu.sa.RimH5493from beforeמִלִּפְנֵ֣יmi.lif.NeiH6440the LORDיְהוָ֔הYah.wehH3068and replaced withלָשׂוּם֙la.SumH7760hotחֹ֔םChomH2527breadלֶ֣חֶםLe.chemH3899on the dayH3117it was taken awayהִלָּקְחֽוֹ׃hi.la.ke.ChoH3947.
7Now oneאִישׁ֩'ishH376of Saul’sשָׁא֜וּלsha.'UlH7586servantsמֵעַבְדֵ֨יme.'av.DeiH5650was thereH8033thatהַה֗וּאha.Hu'H1931dayH3117,detainedנֶעְצָר֙ne'.TzarH6113beforeH6440the LORDH3068.And his nameוּשְׁמ֖וֹu.she.MoH8034wasDoegדֹּאֵ֣גdo.'EgH1673the Edomiteהָאֲדֹמִ֑יha.'a.do.MiH130,the chiefאַבִּ֥יר'a.BirH47shepherdהָרֹעִ֖יםha.ro.'ImH7462forאֲשֶׁ֥ר'a.SherH834Saulלְשָׁאֽוּל׃le.sha.'UlH7586.
David Flees to Gath
(Psalm 34:1–22; Psalm 56:1–13)
8Then Davidדָּוִד֙da.VidH1732askedוַיֹּ֤אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559Ahimelechלַאֲחִימֶ֔לֶךְla.'a.chi.Me.lekhH288, “Is thereיֶשׁ־yesh-H3426notוְאִ֛יןve.'InH371a spearחֲנִ֣יתcha.NitH2595orאוֹ־'ov-H176swordחָ֑רֶבCha.revH2719onתַֽחַת־ta.chat-H8478handיָדְךָ֖ya.de.KhaH3027hereפֹּ֥הpohH6311?Forכִּ֣יkiH3588גַם־gam-H1571I have broughtלָקַ֣חְתִּיla.Kach.tiH3947neitherלֹֽא־lo'-H3808my swordחַרְבִּ֤יchar.BiH2719norוְגַם־ve.gam-H1571my weaponsכֵּלַי֙ke.LaiH3627with meבְיָדִ֔יve.ya.DiH3027,becauseכִּֽי־ki-H3588the king’sהַמֶּ֖לֶךְha.Me.lekhH4428missionדְבַר־de.var-H1697wasהָיָ֥הha.YahH1961urgentנָחֽוּץ׃ סna.ChutzH5169.”
9The priestהַכֹּהֵ֗ןha.ko.HenH3548repliedH559, “The swordH2719of Goliathגָּלְיָ֨תgal.YatH1555the Philistineהַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֜יha.pe.lish.TiH6430,whomאֲשֶׁר־'a.Sher-H834you killedהִכִּ֣יתָ׀hi.Ki.taH5221in the Valleyבְּעֵ֣מֶקbe.'E.mekH6010of Elahהָאֵלָ֗הha.'e.LahH425,is hereהִנֵּה־hi.neh-H2009;itהִ֞יאhi'H1931iswrappedלוּטָ֣הlu.TahH3874in a clothבַשִּׂמְלָה֮va.sim.LahH8071behindאַחֲרֵ֣י'a.cha.ReiH310the ephodהָאֵפוֹד֒ha.'e.fOdH646.Ifאִם־'im-H518you wantאֹתָ֤הּ'o.TahH853,you may take itH3947.ForH3588there isnoאֵ֥ין'einH369otherאַחֶ֛רֶת'a.Che.retH312but this oneזוּלָתָ֖הּzu.la.TahH2108hereבָּזֶ֑הba.ZehH2088.”And DavidH1732saidH559, “There isnoneאֵ֥ין'einH369like itכָּמ֖וֹהָka.Mo.haH3644;give itתְּנֶ֥נָּהte.Ne.nahH5414to me.”
11But the servantsעַבְדֵ֤י'av.DeiH5650of AchishH397saidוַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּvai.Yo.me.RuH559to himH413, “Isthisזֶ֥הzehH2088notהֲלוֹא־ha.lo'-H3808DavidH1732,the kingH4428of the landהָאָ֑רֶץha.'A.retzH776?Did they notהֲל֣וֹאha.Lo'H3808singיַעֲנ֤וּya.'a.NuH6030about himלָזֶ֗הla.ZehH2088in their dancesבַמְּחֹלוֹת֙va.me.cho.lOtH4246,sayingלֵאמֹ֔רle.MorH559: ‘SaulH7586has slainהִכָּ֤הhi.KahH5221histhousandsבַּאֲלָפָ֔יוba.'a.la.fovH505,and DavidH1732histens of thousandsבְּרִבְבֹתָֽיו׃be.ri.vo.TavH7233’?”
13So he changedוַיְשַׁנּ֤וֹvay.sha.NoH8138H853his behaviorטַעְמוֹ֙ta'.MoH2940before themבְּעֵ֣ינֵיהֶ֔םbe.'Ei.nei.HemH5869and feigned madnessוַיִּתְהֹלֵ֖לvai.yit.ho.LelH1984in their handsבְּיָדָ֑םbe.ya.DamH3027;he scratchedוַיְתָיו֙vay.tavH8427onעַל־'al-H5921the doorsדַּלְת֣וֹתdal.TotH1817of the gateהַשַּׁ֔עַרha.Sha.'arH8179and let his salivaרִיר֖וֹri.RoH7388runוַיּ֥וֹרֶדvai.Yo.redH3381downאֶל־'el-H413his beardזְקָנֽוֹ׃ze.ka.NoH2206.
14Then Achishאָכִ֖ישׁ'a.KhishH397saidוַיֹּ֥אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559toH413his servantsעֲבָדָ֑יו'a.va.DavH5650, “Lookהִנֵּ֤הhi.NehH2009,you can seeתִרְאוּ֙tir.'UH7200thatthe manאִ֣ישׁ'ishH376is insaneמִשְׁתַּגֵּ֔עַmish.ta.Ge.a'H7696!Whyלָ֛מָּהLa.mahH4100have you broughtתָּבִ֥יאוּta.Vi.'uH935himH853to meH413?
Commentaries on 1 Samuel 21
- Adam Clarke Bible Commentary
- Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
- Matthew Henry Concise Commentary
- Tyndale Open Study Notes
- Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary
- Rashi on Tanakh
- Keil & Delitzsch Commentary
- John Wesley’s Notes
- Darby Translation Notes
- Geneva Bible Translation Notes
- Kingcomments
- Matthew Henry’s Complete Commentary
- Matthew Henry’s Modern English Commentary
- Scofield Reference Notes, 1917 Edition
- Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary
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Commentaries