Revised Version 1895

1 Samuel 18

1And itcameH1961topassH1961, when he hadmadeH1696anendכְּכַלֹּתוֹ֙ke.kha.lo.ToH3615ofspeakingלְדַבֵּ֣רle.da.BerH1696untoSaulשָׁא֔וּלsha.'UlH7586, that thesoulוְנֶ֙פֶשׁ֙ve.Ne.feshH5315ofJonathanיְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ןye.Ho.na.TanH3083wasknitנִקְשְׁרָ֖הnik.she.RahH7194with thesoulבְּנֶ֣פֶשׁbe.Ne.feshH5315ofDavidדָּוִ֑דda.VidH1732, andJonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֖ןye.ho.na.TanH3083lovedוַיֶּאֱהָבֵ֥הוּvai.ye.'e.ha.vovH157him as hisownH1961soulכְּנַפְשֽׁוֹ׃ke.naf.ShoH5315.

2AndSaulשָׁא֖וּלsha.'UlH7586tookוַיִּקָּחֵ֥הוּvai.yi.ka.Che.huH3947him thatdayבַּיּ֣וֹםbai.YomH3117, and wouldletנְתָנ֔וֹne.ta.NoH5414himgoלָשׁ֖וּבla.ShuvH7725noH3808moreH3808homeH1004to hisfather’sאָבִֽיו׃'a.VivH1houseבֵּ֥יתbeitH1004.

3ThenJonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֛ןye.ho.na.TanH3083andDavidוְדָוִ֖דve.da.VidH1732madeוַיִּכְרֹ֧תvai.yikh.RotH3772acovenantבְּרִ֑יתbe.RitH1285, because he loved him as hisownכְּנַפְשֽׁוֹ׃ke.naf.ShoH5315soulH5315.

4AndJonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֗ןye.ho.na.TanH3083strippedוַיִּתְפַּשֵּׁ֣טvai.yit.pa.ShetH6584himself of therobeהַמְּעִיל֙ha.me.'IlH4598that wasuponעָלָ֔יו'a.LavH5921him, andgaveוַֽיִּתְּנֵ֖הוּvai.yi.te.Ne.huH5414it toDavidלְדָוִ֑דle.da.VidH1732, and his apparel,evenH5704to hisswordחַרְבּ֥וֹchar.BoH2719, and to hisbowקַשְׁתּ֖וֹkash.ToH7198, and to his girdle.

5AndDavidדָוִ֜דda.VidH1732wentH3318outH3318whithersoeverSaulשָׁאוּל֙sha.'UlH7586sentיִשְׁלָחֶ֤נּוּyish.la.Che.nuH7971him, and behavedhimselfH376wisely: andSaulשָׁא֔וּלsha.'UlH7586setוַיְשִׂמֵ֣הוּvay.si.Me.huH7760him over themenH376ofwarהַמִּלְחָמָ֑הha.mil.cha.MahH4421, and it wasgoodוַיִּיטַב֙vai.yi.TavH3190in thesightבְּעֵינֵ֣יbe.'ei.NeiH5869ofallH3605thepeopleהָעָ֔םha.'AmH5971, and also in thesightבְּעֵינֵ֖יbe.'ei.NeiH5869ofSaul’sשָׁאֽוּל׃ פsha.'UlH7586servantsעַבְדֵ֥י'av.DeiH5650.

6And itcameH935topassH935as theycameH935, whenDavidדָּוִד֙da.VidH1732returnedבְּשׁ֤וּבbe.ShuvH7725from theslaughterמֵהַכּ֣וֹתme.ha.KotH5221of thePhilistineהַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔יha.pe.lish.TiH6430, that thewomenהַנָּשִׁ֜יםha.na.ShimH802cameH935outוַתֵּצֶ֨אנָהva.te.Tze.nahH3318ofallמִכָּל־mi.kolH3605thecitiesעָרֵ֤י'a.ReiH5892ofIsraelיִשְׂרָאֵל֙Yis.ra.'ElH3478,singingלָשִׁ֣ירla.shorH7891anddancingוְהַמְּחֹל֔וֹתve.ha.me.cho.LotH4246, tomeetלִקְרַ֖אתlik.RatH7122kingהַמֶּ֑לֶךְha.Me.lekhH4428Saulשָׁא֣וּלsha.'UlH7586, withtimbrelsבְּתֻפִּ֥יםbe.tu.PimH8596, withjoyבְּשִׂמְחָ֖הbe.sim.ChahH8057, and with instruments of music.

7And thewomenH802sang one toanotherH802in theirplayהַֽמְשַׂחֲק֖וֹתham.sa.cha.KotH7832, andsaidוַתֹּאמַ֑רְןָva.to.Mar.naH559,Saulשָׁאוּל֙sha.'UlH7586hathslainהִכָּ֤הhi.KahH5221histhousandsבַּאֲלָפָ֔יוba.'el.fovH505, andDavidוְדָוִ֖דve.da.VidH1732histenבְּרִבְבֹתָֽיו׃be.ri.vo.TavH7233thousandsH505.

8AndSaulלְשָׁא֜וּלle.sha.'UlH7586wasveryמְאֹ֗דme.'OdH3966wroth, and thissayingH559displeasedוַיֵּ֤רַעvai.Ye.ra'H7489him; and hesaidH559, They haveascribedH5414untoDavidלְדָוִד֙le.da.VidH1732tenרְבָב֔וֹתre.va.VotH7233thousandsהָאֲלָפִ֑יםha.'a.la.FimH505, and tomeH5414they haveascribedH5414butthousandsH505: andwhatהַדָּבָ֣רha.da.VarH1697canבְּעֵינָיו֙be.'ei.NavH5869he havemoreוְע֥וֹדve.'odH5750but thekingdomהַמְּלוּכָֽה׃ha.me.lu.KhahH4410?

9AndSaulשָׁא֖וּלsha.'UlH7586eyedDavidדָּוִ֑דda.VidH1732from thatdayמֵהַיּ֥וֹםme.hai.YomH3117andforwardוָהָֽלְאָה׃ סva.Hal.'ahH1973.

10And itcameH1961topassH1961on the morrow, that anevilרָעָ֤ה׀ra.'AhH7451spiritרוּחַ֩ru.aChH7307fromGodאֱלֹהִ֨ים׀'E.lo.HimH430cameH1961mightilyuponH1961Saulשָׁאוּל֙sha.'UlH7586, and heprophesiedוַיִּתְנַבֵּ֣אvai.yit.na.Be'H5012in themidstבְתוֹךְ־ve.tokh-H8432of thehouseהַבַּ֔יִתha.Ba.yitH1004: andDavidוְדָוִ֛דve.da.VidH1732playedמְנַגֵּ֥ןme.na.GenH5059with hishandבְּיָד֖וֹbe.ya.DoH3027, as hedidH3117dayכְּי֣וֹם׀ke.YomH3117bydayבְּי֑וֹםbe.YomH3117: andSaulשָׁאֽוּל׃sha.'UlH7586had hisspearוְהַחֲנִ֖יתve.ha.cha.NitH2595in hishandבְּיַד־be.yad-H3027.

11andSaulשָׁאוּל֙sha.'UlH7586castוַיָּ֤טֶלvai.Ya.telH2904thespearהַחֲנִ֔יתha.cha.NitH2595; for hesaidוַיֹּ֕אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559, I willsmiteאַכֶּ֥ה'a.KehH5221Davidבְדָוִ֖דve.da.VidH1732evenאֶֽת־'et-H853to thewallוּבַקִּ֑ירu.va.KirH7023. AndDavidדָּוִ֛דda.VidH1732avoidedoutH6440of hispresenceH6440twiceפַּעֲמָֽיִם׃pa.'a.Ma.yimH6471.

12AndSaulשָׁא֖וּלsha.'UlH7586wasafraidוַיִּרָ֥אvai.yi.Ra'H3372ofDavidדָוִ֑דda.VidH1732,becauseכִּֽי־ki-H3588theLORDיְהוָה֙Yah.wehH3068was with him, and wasdepartedסָֽר׃SarH5493fromSaulשָׁא֖וּלsha.'UlH7586.

13ThereforeSaulשָׁאוּל֙sha.'UlH7586removedוַיְסִרֵ֤הוּvay.si.Re.huH5493him from him, andmadeוַיְשִׂמֵ֥הוּvay.si.Me.huH7760him hiscaptainשַׂר־sar-H8269over athousandאָ֑לֶף'A.lefH505; and hewentH3318outH3318andcameוַיָּבֹ֖אvai.ya.Vo'H935inbeforeלִפְנֵ֥יlif.NeiH6440thepeopleהָעָֽם׃ פha.'AmH5971.

14AndDavidדָוִ֛דda.VidH1732behaved himself wisely inallלְכָל־le.kholH3605hiswaysדְּרָכָ֖יוda.re.KhavH1870; and theLORDוַֽיהוָ֖הva.Yah.wehH3068was with him.

15And whenSaulשָׁא֔וּלsha.'UlH7586sawוַיַּ֣רְאvai.Yar'H7200that he behavedhimselfה֖וּאhu'H1931veryמְאֹ֑דme.'OdH3966wisely, he stood in awe of him.

16Butallוְכָל־ve.kholH3605Israelיִשְׂרָאֵל֙Yis.ra.'ElH3478andJudahוִיהוּדָ֔הvi.hu.DahH3063lovedאֹהֵ֖ב'o.HevH157Davidדָּוִ֑דda.VidH1732; for hewentH3318outH3318andcameוָבָ֖אva.Va'H935inbeforeלִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃ פlif.nei.HemH6440them.

17AndSaulשָׁא֜וּלsha.'UlH7586saidוַיֹּ֨אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559toDavidדָּוִ֗דda.VidH1732,Beholdהִנֵּה֩hi.NehH2009, myelderהַגְּדוֹלָ֤הha.ge.do.LahH1419daughterבִתִּ֨יvi.TiH1323Merabמֵרַב֙me.RavH4764,herH413will Igiveאֶתֶּן־'e.ten-H5414thee towifeלְאִשָּׁ֔הle.'i.ShahH802:onlyאַ֚ךְ'akhH389be thouvaliantחַ֔יִלCha.yilH2428formeH413. andfightוְהִלָּחֵ֖םve.hi.la.ChemH3898theLORD’Sיְהוָ֑הYah.wehH3068battlesמִלְחֲמ֣וֹתmil.cha.MotH4421. ForSaulוְשָׁא֣וּלve.sha.'UlH7586saidאָמַ֗ר'a.MarH559,LetH5414notאַל־'al-H408minehandיָדִי֙ya.DiH3027beuponH1961him, butletH5414thehandיַד־yad-H3027of thePhilistinesפְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ סpe.lish.TimH6430beuponH1961him.

18AndDavidדָּוִ֜דda.VidH1732saidוַיֹּ֨אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559untoSaulשָׁא֗וּלsha.'UlH7586, Who am I, andwhatH4310is mylifeחַיַּ֔יchai.YaiH2416, or myfather’sאָבִ֖י'a.ViH1familyמִשְׁפַּ֥חַתmish.Pa.chatH4940inIsraelבְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑לbe.Yis.ra.'ElH3478, that I should be son in law to thekingלַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃la.Me.lekhH4428?

19But itcameH1961topassH1961at the time whenMerabמֵרַ֥בme.RavH4764Saul’sשָׁא֖וּלsha.'UlH7586daughterבַּת־bat-H1323should have beengivenתֵּ֛תtetH5414toDavidלְדָוִ֑דle.da.VidH1732, thatsheוְהִ֧יאve.Hi'H1931wasgivenנִתְּנָ֛הni.te.NahH5414untoAdrielלְעַדְרִיאֵ֥לle.'ad.ri.'ElH5741theMeholathiteהַמְּחֹלָתִ֖יha.me.cho.la.TiH4259towifeלְאִשָּֽׁה׃le.'i.ShahH802.

20AndMichalמִיכַ֥לmi.KhalH4324Saul’sשָׁא֖וּלsha.'UlH7586daughterבַּת־bat-H1323lovedוַתֶּאֱהַ֛בva.te.'e.HavH157Davidדָּוִ֑דda.VidH1732: and theytoldוַיַּגִּ֣דוּvai.ya.Gi.duH5046Saulלְשָׁא֔וּלle.sha.'UlH7586, and thethingהַדָּבָ֖רha.da.VarH1697pleasedבְּעֵינָֽיו׃be.'ei.NavH5869him.

21AndSaulשָׁא֜וּלsha.'UlH7586saidוַיֹּ֨אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559, I willgiveאֶתְּנֶ֤נָּה'et.te.Ne.nahH5414himherH413, that she may be asnareלְמוֹקֵ֔שׁle.mo.KeshH4170to him, and that thehandיַד־yad-H3027of thePhilistinesפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑יםpe.lish.TimH6430may beagainstH413him. WhereforeSaulשָׁאוּל֙sha.'UlH7586saidוַיֹּ֤אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559toDavidדָּוִ֔דda.VidH1732, Thou shalt thisdayהַיּֽוֹם׃hai.YomH3117be my son in law asecondבִּשְׁתַּ֛יִםbish.Ta.yimH8147time.

22AndSaulשָׁא֜וּלsha.'UlH7586commandedוַיְצַ֨וvay.TzavH6680hisservantsעֲבָדָ֗יו'a.va.DavH5650,sayingלֵאמֹ֔רle.MorH559, Commune withDavidדָּוִ֤דda.VidH1732secretlyבַּלָּט֙ba.LatH3909, andsayH559,Beholdהִנֵּ֨הhi.NehH2009, thekingהַמֶּ֔לֶךְha.Me.lekhH4428hathdelightחָפֵ֤ץcha.FetzH2654in thee, andallוְכָל־ve.kholH3605hisservantsעֲבָדָ֖יו'a.va.DavH5650loveאֲהֵב֑וּךָ'a.he.Vu.khaH157thee:nowוְעַתָּ֖הve.'a.TahH6258therefore be theking’sבַּמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ba.Me.lekhH4428son in law.

23AndSaul’sשָׁאוּל֙sha.'UlH7586servantsעַבְדֵ֤י'av.DeiH5650spakethoseהָאֵ֑לֶּהha.'E.lehH428wordsהַדְּבָרִ֖יםha.de.va.RimH1697in theearsבְּאָזְנֵ֣יbe.'a.ze.NeiH241ofDavidדָוִ֔דda.VidH1732. AndDavidדָּוִ֗דda.VidH1732saidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559, Seemeth it toyouאֶת־'et-H853alightH7043thingH1697to be theking’sבַּמֶּ֔לֶךְba.Me.lekhH4428son in law, seeing that I am apoorרָ֥שׁrashH7326manאִֽישׁ־'ish-H376, andlightlyH7043esteemedH7043?

24And theservantsעַבְדֵ֥י'av.DeiH5650ofSaulשָׁא֛וּלsha.'UlH7586toldוַיַּגִּ֜דוּvai.ya.Gi.duH5046him,sayingלֵאמֹ֑רle.MorH559, On thismannerכַּדְּבָרִ֥יםka.de.va.RimH1697spakeDavidדָּוִֽד׃ פda.VidH1732.

25AndSaulשָׁא֜וּלsha.'UlH7586saidH559,Thusכֹּֽה־koh-H3541shall yesayH559toDavidלְדָוִ֗דle.da.VidH1732, Thekingלַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙la.Me.lekhH4428desirethnotH369anyH369dowryבְּמֹ֔הַרbe.Mo.harH4119, but anhundredבְּמֵאָה֙be.me.'AhH3967foreskinsעָרְל֣וֹתa.re.LotH6190of thePhilistinesפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔יםpe.lish.TimH6430, to beavengedלְהִנָּקֵ֖םle.hi.na.KemH5358of theking’sהַמֶּ֑לֶךְha.Me.lekhH4428enemiesבְּאֹיְבֵ֣יbe.'o.ye.VeiH341.Nowכִּ֗יKiH3588Saulוְשָׁא֣וּלve.sha.'UlH7586thoughtH559tomakeחָשַׁ֔בcha.ShavH2803Davidדָּוִ֖דda.VidH1732fallלְהַפִּ֥ילle.ha.PilH5307by thehandבְּיַד־be.yad-H3027of thePhilistinesפְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃pe.lish.TimH6430.

26And when hisservantsעֲבָדָ֤יו'a.va.DavH5650toldוַיַּגִּ֨דוּvai.ya.Gi.duH5046Davidלְדָוִד֙le.da.VidH1732theseהָאֵ֔לֶּהha.'E.lehH428wordsH1697, itpleasedבְּעֵינֵ֣יbe.'ei.NeiH5869Davidדָוִ֔דda.VidH1732well to be theking’sבַּמֶּ֑לֶךְba.Me.lekhH4428son in law. And thedaysהַיָּמִֽים׃hai.ya.MimH3117werenotוְלֹ֥אve.Lo'H3808expiredמָלְא֖וּmal.'UH4390;

27andDavidדָּוִ֜דda.VidH1732aroseוַיָּ֨קָםvai.Ya.komH6965andwentH935, he and hismenאִישׁ֒'ishH376, andslewH5221of thePhilistinesבַּפְּלִשְׁתִּים֮ba.pe.lish.TimH6430twoH5221hundredמָאתַ֣יִםma.Ta.yimH3967menH376; andDavidדָוִד֙da.VidH1732broughtH935theirforeskinsעָרְלֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔ם'a.re.Lo.tei.HemH6190, and theygaveH5414them infullוַיְמַלְא֣וּםvay.mal.'UmH4390tale to thekingלַמֶּ֔לֶךְla.Me.lekhH4428, that he might be theking’sבַּמֶּ֑לֶךְba.Me.lekhH4428son in law. AndSaulשָׁא֛וּלsha.'UlH7586gaveH5414himMichalמִיכַ֥לmi.KhalH4324hisdaughterבִּתּ֖וֹbi.ToH1323towifeלְאִשָּֽׁה׃ סle.'i.ShahH802.

28AndSaulשָׁאוּל֙sha.'UlH7586sawוַיַּ֤רְאvai.Yar'H7200andknewוַיֵּ֔דַעvai.Ye.da'H3045that theLORDיְהוָ֖הYah.wehH3068was withDavidדָּוִ֑דda.VidH1732; andMichalוּמִיכַ֥לu.mi.KhalH4324Saul’sשָׁא֖וּלsha.'UlH7586daughterבַּת־bat-H1323lovedאֲהֵבַֽתְהוּ׃'a.he.Vat.huH157him.

29AndSaulשָׁא֗וּלsha.'UlH7586was yet themoreע֑וֹדodH5750afraidלֵרֹ֛אle.Ro'H3372ofDavidדָוִ֖דda.VidH1732; andSaulשָׁא֛וּלsha.'UlH7586wasDavid’sדָּוִ֖דda.VidH1732enemyאֹיֵ֥ב'o.YevH341continuallyהַיָּמִֽים׃ סhai.ya.MimH3117.

30Then theprincesשָׂרֵ֣יsa.ReiH8269of thePhilistinesפְלִשְׁתִּ֑יםfe.lish.TimH6430wentH3318forthH3318: and itcameH1961topassH1961, asoftenמִדֵּ֣יmi.DeiH1767as theywentH3318forthH3318, thatDavidדָּוִד֙da.VidH1732behaved himselfmoreמְאֹֽד׃ סme.'OdH3966wiselythanH3605allH3605theservantsעַבְדֵ֣י'av.DeiH5650ofSaulשָׁא֔וּלsha.'UlH7586;soH1961that hisnameשְׁמ֖וֹshe.MoH8034wasmuchH3605setH3318by.

Commentaries on 1 Samuel 18

Revised Version 1895 — 1895 — Public Domain