Revised Literal Translation

1 Samuel 19

1And SaulH7586spakeוַיְדַבֵּ֣רvay.da.BerH1696to Jonathanיוֹנָתָ֤ןyo.na.TanH3129his sonH1121,and to all his servantsעֲבָדָ֔יו'a.va.DavH5650,that they should killלְהָמִ֖יתle.ha.MitH4191DavidH1732.

2But Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָן֙ye.ho.na.TanH3083Saul’sH7586sonH1121delightedH2654muchH3966in Davidלְדָוִ֣דle.da.VidH1732:and JonathanH3083toldוַיַּגֵּ֤דvai.ya.GedH5046DavidH1732,sayingלֵאמֹ֔רle.MorH559,Saulשָׁא֥וּלsha.'UlH7586my fatherאָבִ֖י'a.ViH1seekethמְבַקֵּ֛שׁme.va.KeshH1245to killלַהֲמִיתֶ֑ךָla.ha.mi.Te.khaH4191thee: now therefore, I pray thee, take heedהִשָּֽׁמֶר־hi.sha.mer-H8104to thyself until the morningבַבֹּ֔קֶרva.Bo.kerH1242,and abideוְיָשַׁבְתָּ֥ve.ya.shav.TaH3427in a secretבַסֵּ֖תֶרva.Se.terH5643place,and hideוְנַחְבֵּֽאתָ׃ve.nach.Be.taH2244thyself:

3And I will go outאֵצֵ֜א'e.Tze'H3318and standוְעָמַדְתִּ֣יve.'a.mad.TiH5975besideלְיַד־le.yad-H3027my fatherאָבִ֗י'a.ViH1in the fieldבַּשָּׂדֶה֙ba.sa.DehH7704where thou art,and I will communeאֲדַבֵּ֥ר'a.da.BerH1696with my fatherאָבִ֑י'a.ViH1of thee; and whatמָ֖הmahH4100I seeוְרָאִ֥יתִיve.ra.'I.tiH7200,that I will tellוְהִגַּ֥דְתִּיve.hi.Gad.tiH5046thee.

4And Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֤ןye.ho.na.TanH3083spakeוַיְדַבֵּ֨רvay.da.BerH1696goodט֔וֹבTovH2896of Davidבְּדָוִד֙be.da.VidH1732unto Saulשָׁא֖וּלsha.'UlH7586his fatherאָבִ֑יו'a.VivH1,and saidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559unto him, Let not the kingהַמֶּ֜לֶךְha.Me.lekhH4428sinיֶחֱטָ֨אye.che.Ta'H2398against his servantבְּעַבְדּ֣וֹbe.'av.DoH5650,against Davidבְדָוִ֗דve.da.VidH1732;because he hath not sinnedחָטָא֙cha.Ta'H2398against thee, and because his worksמַעֲשָׂ֖יוma.'a.SavH4639have beento thee-ward veryמְאֹֽד׃me.'OdH3966goodטוֹב־tov-H2896:

5For he did putוַיָּשֶׂם֩vai.ya.SemH7760his lifeנַפְשׁ֨וֹnaf.ShoH5315in his handבְכַפּ֜וֹve.kha.PoH3709,and slewוַיַּ֣ךְvai.YakhH5221the Philistineהַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗יha.pe.lish.TiH6430,And Yhwhיְהוָ֜הYah.wehH3068wroughtוַיַּ֨עַשׂvai.Ya.'asH6213a greatגְדוֹלָה֙ge.do.LahH1419salvationתְּשׁוּעָ֤הte.shu.'AhH8668for all Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֔לYis.ra.'ElH3478:thou sawestרָאִ֖יתָra.'I.taH7200it,and didst rejoiceוַתִּשְׂמָ֑חva.tis.MachH8055:wherefore then wilt thou sinתֶֽחֱטָא֙te.che.Ta'H2398against innocentנָקִ֔יna.KiH5355bloodבְּדָ֣םbe.DamH1818,to slayלְהָמִ֥יתle.ha.MitH4191Davidדָּוִ֖דda.VidH1732without a causeחִנָּֽם׃chi.NamH2600?

6And Saulשָׁא֖וּלsha.'UlH7586hearkenedוַיִּשְׁמַ֥עvai.yish.Ma'H8085unto the voiceבְּק֣וֹלbe.KolH6963of Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֑ןye.ho.na.TanH3083:and Saulשָׁא֔וּלsha.'UlH7586swareוַיִּשָּׁבַ֣עvai.yi.sha.Va'H7650, AsYhwhיְהוָ֖הYah.wehH3068livethחַי־chai-H2416,he shall notאִם־'im-H518be slainיוּמָֽת׃yu.MatH4191.

7And Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָן֙ye.ho.na.TanH3083calledוַיִּקְרָ֤אvai.yik.Ra'H7121Davidלְדָוִ֔דle.da.VidH1732,and Jonathanיְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ןye.Ho.na.TanH3083shewedוַיַּגֶּד־vai.ya.ged-H5046him all those thingsהַדְּבָרִ֖יםha.de.va.RimH1697.And Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֤ןye.ho.na.TanH3083broughtוַיָּבֵ֨אvai.ya.Ve'H935Davidדָּוִד֙da.VidH1732to Saulשָׁא֔וּלsha.'UlH7586,and he was in his presenceלְפָנָ֖יוle.fa.NavH6440,as in times pastכְּאֶתְמ֥וֹל שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם׃ סke.'et.Mol shil.ShomH8032 H865.

8And there was warהַמִּלְחָמָ֖הha.mil.cha.MahH4421againוַתּ֥וֹסֶףva.To.sefH3254:and Davidדָוִ֜דda.VidH1732went outוַיֵּצֵ֨אvai.ye.Tze'H3318,and foughtוַיִּלָּ֣חֶםvai.yi.La.chemH3898with the Philistinesבַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗יםba.pe.lish.TimH6430,and slewוַיַּ֤ךְvai.YakhH5221them with a greatגְדוֹלָ֔הge.do.LahH1419slaughterמַכָּ֣הma.KahH4347;and they fledוַיָּנֻ֖סוּvai.ya.Nu.suH5127fromמִפָּנָֽיו׃mi.pa.NavH6440him.

9And the evilרָעָה֙ra.'AhH7451spiritר֨וּחַRu.achH7307from Yhwhיְהוָ֤ה׀Yah.wehH3068was upon Saulשָׁא֔וּלsha.'UlH7586,as he satיוֹשֵׁ֔בyo.ShevH3427in his houseבְּבֵית֣וֹbe.vei.ToH1004with his javelinוַחֲנִית֖וֹva.cha.ni.ToH2595in his handבְּיָד֑וֹbe.ya.DoH3027:and Davidוְדָוִ֖דve.da.VidH1732playedמְנַגֵּ֥ןme.na.GenH5059with hishandבְּיָֽד׃be.YadH3027.

10And Saulשָׁא֜וּלsha.'UlH7586soughtוַיְבַקֵּ֨שׁvay.va.KeshH1245to smiteלְהַכּ֤וֹתle.ha.KotH5221Davidבְּדָוִ֣דbe.da.VidH1732even to the wallוּבַקִּ֔ירu.va.KirH7023with the javelinבַּֽחֲנִית֙ba.cha.NitH2595;but he slipped awayוַיִּפְטַר֙vai.yif.TarH6362out of Saul’sשָׁא֔וּלsha.'UlH7586presenceמִפְּנֵ֣יmi.pe.NeiH6440,and he smoteוַיַּ֥ךְvai.YakhH5221the javelinהַחֲנִ֖יתha.cha.NitH2595into the wallבַּקִּ֑ירba.KirH7023:and Davidוְדָוִ֛דve.da.VidH1732fledנָ֥סnasH5127,and escapedוַיִּמָּלֵ֖טvai.yi.ma.LetH4422that nightבַּלַּ֥יְלָהba.Lay.lahH3915.

11Saulשָׁא֨וּלsha.'UlH7586also sentוַיִּשְׁלַח֩vai.yish.LachH7971messengersמַלְאָכִ֜יםmal.'a.KhimH4397unto David’sדָּוִד֙da.VidH1732houseבֵּ֤יתbeitH1004,to watchלְשָׁמְר֔וֹle.sha.me.RoH8104him, and to slayוְלַהֲמִית֖וֹve.la.ha.mi.ToH4191him in the morningבַּבֹּ֑קֶרba.Bo.kerH1242:and Michalמִיכַ֤לmi.KhalH4324David’sלְדָוִ֗דle.da.VidH1732wifeאִשְׁתּוֹ֙'ish.ToH802toldוַתַּגֵּ֣דva.ta.GedH5046him, sayingלֵאמֹ֔רle.MorH559,If thou saveמְמַלֵּ֤טme.ma.LetH4422not thy lifeנַפְשְׁךָ֙naf.she.KhaH5315to nightהַלַּ֔יְלָהha.Lay.lahH3915,to morrowמָחָ֖רma.CharH4279thou shalt be slainמוּמָֽת׃mu.MatH4191.

12So Michalמִיכַ֛לmi.KhalH4324letH3381Davidדָּוִ֖דda.VidH1732downוַתֹּ֧רֶדva.To.redH3381through a windowהַחַלּ֑וֹןha.cha.LonH2474:and he wentH3212,and fledוַיִּבְרַ֖חvai.yiv.RachH1272,and escapedוַיִּמָּלֵֽט׃vai.yi.ma.LetH4422.

13And Michalמִיכַ֜לmi.KhalH4324tookוַתִּקַּ֨חva.ti.KachH3947an imageהַתְּרָפִ֗יםha.te.ra.FimH8655,and laidוַתָּ֙שֶׂם֙va.Ta.semH7760itin the bedהַמִּטָּ֔הha.mi.TahH4296,and putשָׂ֖מָהSa.mahH7760a pillowכְּבִ֣ירke.VirH3523of goats’הָֽעִזִּ֔יםha.'i.ZimH5795hairfor his headמְרַֽאֲשֹׁתָ֑יוme.ra.'a.sho.TavH4763,and coveredוַתְּכַ֖סva.te.KhasH3680itwith a clothבַּבָּֽגֶד׃ סba.Ba.gedH899.

14And when Saulשָׁא֛וּלsha.'UlH7586sentוַיִּשְׁלַ֥חvai.yish.LachH7971messengersמַלְאָכִ֖יםmal.'a.KhimH4397to takeלָקַ֣חַתla.Ka.chatH3947Davidדָּוִ֑דda.VidH1732,she saidוַתֹּ֖אמֶרva.To.merH559, He issickחֹלֶ֥הcho.LehH2470.

15And Saulשָׁאוּל֙sha.'UlH7586sentוַיִּשְׁלַ֤חvai.yish.LachH7971the messengersהַמַּלְאָכִ֔יםha.mal.'a.KhimH4397againto seeלִרְא֥וֹתlir.'otH7200Davidדָּוִ֖דda.VidH1732,sayingלֵאמֹ֑רle.MorH559,Bring him upהַעֲל֨וּha.'a.LuH5927to me in the bedבַמִּטָּ֛הva.mi.TahH4296,that I may slayלַהֲמִתֽוֹ׃la.ha.mi.ToH4191him.

16And when the messengersהַמַּלְאָכִ֔יםha.mal.'a.KhimH4397were come inוַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙vai.ya.Vo.'uH935, behold, there wasan imageהַתְּרָפִ֖יםha.te.ra.FimH8655in the bedהַמִּטָּ֑הha.mi.TahH4296,with a pillowוּכְבִ֥ירu.khe.VirH3523of goats’הָעִזִּ֖יםha.'i.ZimH5795hairfor his headמְרַאֲשֹׁתָֽיו׃me.ra.'a.sho.TavH4763.

17And Saulשָׁא֜וּלsha.'UlH7586saidוַיֹּ֨אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559unto Michalמִיכַ֗לmi.KhalH4324,Why hast thou deceived me soרִמִּיתִ֔נִיri.mi.Ti.niH7411,and sent awayוַתְּשַׁלְּחִ֥יva.te.sha.le.ChiH7971mine enemyאֹיְבִ֖י'o.ye.ViH341,that he is escapedוַיִּמָּלֵ֑טvai.yi.ma.LetH4422?And Michalמִיכַל֙mi.KhalH4324answeredוַתֹּ֤אמֶרva.To.merH559Saulשָׁא֔וּלsha.'UlH7586,He saidאָמַ֥ר'a.MarH559unto me, Let me goשַׁלְּחִ֖נִיsha.le.Chi.niH7971;why should I killאֲמִיתֵֽךְ׃'a.mi.TekhH4191thee?

18So Davidוְדָוִ֨דve.da.VidH1732fledבָּרַ֜חba.RachH1272,and escapedוַיִּמָּלֵ֗טvai.yi.ma.LetH4422,and cameוַיָּבֹ֤אvai.ya.Vo'H935to Samuelשְׁמוּאֵל֙she.mu.'ElH8050to Ramahהָרָמָ֔תָהha.ra.Ma.tahH7414,and toldוַיַּ֨גֶּד־vai.Ya.ged-H5046him all that Saulשָׁא֑וּלsha.'UlH7586had doneעָֽשָׂה־'a.sah-H6213to him. And he and Samuelוּשְׁמוּאֵ֔לu.she.mu.'ElH8050wentH3212and dweltוַיֵּשְׁב֖וּvai.ye.she.VuH3427in Naiothבְּנָֽיוֹת׃be.noitH5121.

19And it was toldוַיֻּגַּ֥דvai.yu.GadH5046Saulלְשָׁא֖וּלle.sha.'UlH7586,sayingלֵאמֹ֑רle.MorH559,Behold, Davidדָוִ֔דda.VidH1732isat Naiothבְּנָי֖וֹתbe.noitH5121in Ramahבָּרָמָֽה׃ba.ra.MahH7414.

20And Saulשָׁא֣וּלsha.'UlH7586sentוַיִּשְׁלַ֨חvai.yish.LachH7971messengersמַלְאָכִים֮mal.'a.KhimH4397to takeלָקַ֣חַתla.Ka.chatH3947Davidדָּוִד֒da.VidH1732:and when they sawוַיַּ֗רְאvai.Yar'H7200the companyלַהֲקַ֤תla.ha.KatH3862of the prophetsהַנְּבִיאִים֙ha.ne.vi.'ImH5030prophesyingנִבְּאִ֔יםni.be.'ImH5012,and Samuelוּשְׁמוּאֵ֕לu.she.mu.'ElH8050standingעֹמֵ֥ד'o.MedH5975asappointedנִצָּ֖בni.TzavH5324over them, the Spiritר֣וּחַRu.achH7307of Godאֱלֹהִ֔ים'E.lo.HimH430was upon the messengersמַלְאֲכֵ֤יmal.'a.KheiH4397of Saulשָׁאוּל֙sha.'UlH7586,and they also prophesiedוַיִּֽתְנַבְּא֖וּvai.yit.na.be.'UH5012.

21And when it was toldוַיַּגִּ֣דוּvai.ya.Gi.duH5046Saulלְשָׁא֗וּלle.sha.'UlH7586,he sentוַיִּשְׁלַח֙vai.yish.LachH7971otherאֲחֵרִ֔ים'a.che.RimH312messengersמַלְאָכִ֣יםmal.'a.KhimH4397,and they prophesiedוַיִּֽתְנַבְּא֖וּvai.yit.na.be.'UH5012likewise. And Saulשָׁא֗וּלsha.'UlH7586sentוַיִּשְׁלַח֙vai.yish.LachH7971messengersמַלְאָכִ֣יםmal.'a.KhimH4397againוַיֹּ֣סֶףvai.Yo.sefH3254the thirdשְׁלִשִׁ֔יםshe.li.ShimH7992time, and they prophesiedוַיִּֽתְנַבְּא֖וּvai.yit.na.be.'UH5012also.

22Then wentH3212he also to Ramahהָרָמָ֗תָהha.ra.Ma.tahH7414,and cameוַיָּבֹא֙vai.ya.Vo'H935to a greatהַגָּדוֹל֙ha.ga.dOlH1419wellבּ֤וֹרBorH953that isin Sechuבַּשֶּׂ֔כוּba.Se.khuH7906:and he askedוַיִּשְׁאַ֣לvai.yish.'AlH7592and saidוַיֹּ֔אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559,Whereאֵיפֹ֥ה'ei.FohH375areSamuelשְׁמוּאֵ֖לshe.mu.'ElH8050and Davidוְדָוִ֑דve.da.VidH1732? And onesaidוַיֹּ֕אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559, Behold, they beat Naiothבְּנָי֥וֹתbe.noitH5121in Ramahבָּרָמָֽה׃ba.ra.MahH7414.

23And he wentH3212thither to Naiothנָי֖וֹתnoitH5121in Ramahבָּרָמָ֑הba.ra.MahH7414:and the Spiritר֣וּחַRu.achH7307of Godאֱלֹהִ֗ים'E.lo.HimH430was upon him also, and he wentH3212onH1980,and prophesiedוַיִּתְנַבֵּ֔אvai.yit.na.Be'H5012,until he cameבֹּא֖וֹbo.'OH935to Naiothבְּנָי֥וֹתbe.noitH5121in Ramahבָּרָמָֽה׃ba.ra.MahH7414.

24And he stripped offוַיִּפְשַׁ֨טvai.yif.ShatH6584his clothesבְּגָדָ֗יוbe.ga.DavH899alsoH1571,and prophesiedוַיִּתְנַבֵּ֤אvai.yit.na.Be'H5012beforeלִפְנֵ֣יlif.NeiH6440Samuelשְׁמוּאֵ֔לshe.mu.'ElH8050in like manner, and lay downוַיִּפֹּ֣לvai.yi.PolH5307nakedעָרֹ֔ם'a.RomH6174all that dayהַיּ֥וֹםhai.YomH3117and all that nightהַלָּ֑יְלָהha.La.ye.lahH3915.Wherefore they sayיֹֽאמְר֔וּyo.me.RuH559, IsSaulשָׁא֖וּלsha.'UlH7586also among the prophetsבַּנְּבִיאִֽם׃ פba.ne.vi.'ImH5030?

Commentaries on 1 Samuel 19