Revised Version 1895
1 Samuel 20
1AndDavidדָּוִ֔דda.VidH1732fledוַיִּבְרַ֣חvai.yiv.RachH1272fromNaiothמִנָּי֖וֹתmi.noi.vtH5121inRamahבָּרָמָ֑הba.ra.MahH7414, andcameוַיָּבֹ֞אvai.ya.Vo'H935andsaidוַיֹּ֣אמֶר׀vai.Yo.merH559beforeלִפְנֵ֣יlif.NeiH6440Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֗ןye.ho.na.TanH3083,Whatמֶ֤הmehH4100have Idoneעָשִׂ֙יתִי֙'a.Si.tiH6213?whatמֶֽה־meh-H4100is mineiniquityעֲוֹנִ֤י'a.vo.NiH5771? andwhatוּמֶֽה־u.meh-H4100is mysinחַטָּאתִי֙cha.ta.TiH2403beforeלִפְנֵ֣יlif.NeiH6440thyfatherאָבִ֔יךָ'a.Vi.khaH1, that he seeketh mylifeנַפְשִֽׁי׃naf.ShiH5315?
2And hesaidH559unto him,GodH559forbidחָלִילָה֮cha.li.LahH2486; thou shaltnotלֹ֣אlo'H3808dieתָמוּת֒ta.MutH4191:beholdהִנֵּ֡הhi.NehH2009, myfatherאָבִ֜י'a.ViH1doethnothingלֹֽא־lo'-H3808eitherH4480greatגָּד֗וֹלga.DolH1419orsmallקָטֹ֔ןka.TonH6996, but that he discloseth it untomeH4480: andwhyוּמַדּוּעַ֩u.ma.du.a'H4069should myfatherאָבִ֥י'a.ViH1hideיַסְתִּ֨ירyas.TirH5641thisthingH1697frommeH4480? it isnotוְלֹ֥אve.Lo'H3808soH4480.
3AndDavidדָּוִ֗דda.VidH1732swaremoreoverע֜וֹדodH5750, andsaidH559, Thyfatherאָבִ֗יךָ'a.Vi.khaH1knowethwellH3045that I havefoundמָצָ֤אתִיma.Tza.tiH4672graceחֵן֙chenH2580in thineeyesבְּעֵינֶ֔יךָbe.'ei.Nei.khaH5869; and he saith,LetH408notH408Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֖ןye.ho.na.TanH3083knowH3045this,lestפֶּן־pen-H6435he begrievedיֵֽעָצֵ֑בye.'a.TzevH6087: buttrulyH3588as theLORDיְהוָה֙Yah.wehH3068liveth, and as thysoulH5315liveth, there is but astepכְפֶ֔שַׂעkhe.Fe.sa'H6587betweenH996meH5315anddeathהַמָּֽוֶת׃ha.Ma.vetH4194.
5AndDavidדָּוִ֜דda.VidH1732saidוַיֹּ֨אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559untoJonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֗ןye.ho.na.TanH3083,Beholdהִֽנֵּה־hi.neh-H2009,tomorrowמָחָ֔רma.CharH4279is thenewחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙cho.deshH2320moonH2320, and I shouldnotH1732fail tositH3427with thekingהַמֶּ֖לֶךְha.Me.lekhH4428at meat: butletH7971meאֶל־'el-H413goוְשִׁלַּחְתַּ֙נִי֙ve.shi.lach.Ta.niH7971, that I mayhideוְנִסְתַּרְתִּ֣יve.nis.tar.TiH5641myselfוְאָנֹכִ֛יve.'a.no.KhiH595in thefieldבַשָּׂדֶ֔הva.sa.DehH7704unto thethirdהַשְּׁלִשִֽׁית׃ha.she.li.ShitH7992dayH2320atevenעַ֖ד'adH5704.
6Ifאִם־'im-H518thyfatherאָבִ֑יךָ'a.Vi.khaH1missH6485meH4480atallH3605, thensayוְאָמַרְתָּ֗ve.'a.mar.TaH559,Davidדָוִד֙da.VidH1732earnestlyנִשְׁאֹל֩nish.'OlH7592askedנִשְׁאַ֨לnish.'AlH7592leaveH4480ofmeH4480that he mightrunלָרוּץ֙la.RutzH7323to Beth-lehem hiscityעִיר֔וֹi.RoH5892: for it is theyearlyהַיָּמִ֛יםhai.ya.MimH3117sacrificeזֶ֧בַחZe.vachH2077there forallH3605thefamilyהַמִּשְׁפָּחָֽה׃ha.mish.pa.ChahH4940.
8Thereforedealוְעָשִׂ֤יתָve.'a.Si.taH6213kindly with thyservantעַבְדֶּ֔ךָ'av.De.khaH5650; for thou hastbroughtH935thyservantעַבְדְּךָ֖'av.de.KhaH5650intoH935acovenantבִּבְרִ֣יתbiv.RitH1285of theLORDיְהוָ֔הYah.wehH3068with thee: butifוְאִם־ve.'im-H518there be inmeH5921iniquityעָוֹן֙'a.VonH5771,slayהֲמִיתֵ֣נִיha.mi.Te.niH4191meH5921thyself; forwhyלָמָּה־la.mah-H4100shouldest thoubringH935meH5921to thyfatherאָבִ֖יךָ'a.Vi.khaH1?
9AndJonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֖ןye.ho.na.TanH3083saidוַיֹּ֥אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559,Farחָלִ֣ילָהcha.Li.lahH2486be it from thee: forifאִם־'im-H518I should atallיָדֹ֣עַya.Do.a'H3045knowאֵדַ֗ע'e.Da'H3045thatevilהָרָעָ֜הha.ra.'AhH7451weredeterminedכָלְתָ֨הkhal.TahH3615by myfatherאָבִי֙'a.ViH1tocomeלָב֣וֹאla.Vo'H935uponעָלֶ֔יךָ'a.Lei.khaH5921thee, then wouldnotוְלֹ֥אve.Lo'H3808Itellאַגִּ֥יד'a.GidH5046it thee?
12AndJonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֜ןye.ho.na.TanH3083saidוַיֹּ֨אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559untoDavidדָּוִ֗דda.VidH1732, TheLORDיְהוָ֞הYah.wehH3068, theGodאֱלֹהֵ֤י'e.lo.HeiH430ofIsraelיִשְׂרָאֵל֙Yis.ra.'ElH3478, be witness; when I havesoundedאֶחְקֹ֣ר'ech.KorH2713myfatherאָבִ֗י'a.ViH1aboutH413this timetomorrowמָחָר֙ma.CharH4279, or thethirdהַשְּׁלִשִׁ֔יתha.she.li.ShitH7992dayכָּעֵ֤ת׀ka.'EtH6256,beholdוְהִנֵּה־ve.hi.neh-H2009,ifכִּֽי־ki-H3588there begoodט֖וֹבTovH2896towardH413Davidדָּוִ֑דda.VidH1732, shall Inotוְלֹֽא־ve.lo'-H3808thensendאֶשְׁלַ֣ח'esh.LachH7971unto thee, and disclose it unto thee?
13TheLORDיְהוָ֨הYah.wehH3068doH6213soH1980toJonathanלִֽיהוֹנָתָ֜ןli.ho.na.TanH3083, andmoreH3254also, should itpleaseיֵיטִ֨בyei.TivH3190myfatherאָבִ֤י'a.ViH1todoH6213theeevilהָֽרָעָה֙ha.ra.'AhH7451,ifכִּֽי־ki-H3588I disclose itnotH3254unto thee, andsendוְשִׁלַּחְתִּ֖יךָve.shi.lach.Ti.khaH7971theeawayH7971, that thou mayestgoוְהָלַכְתָּ֣ve.ha.lakh.TaH1980inpeaceלְשָׁל֑וֹםle.sha.LomH7965: and theLORDיְהוָה֙Yah.wehH3068be with thee, as he hath been with myfatherאָבִֽי׃'a.ViH1.
15but also thou shaltnotH3808cutH3772offH3772thykindnessחַסְדְּךָ֛chas.de.KhaH2617from myhouseבֵּיתִ֖יbei.TiH1004foreverעוֹלָ֑םo.LamH5769:noH3808,notH3808when theLORDיְהוָה֙Yah.wehH3068hathcutH3772offH3772theenemiesאֹיְבֵ֣י'o.ye.VeiH341ofDavidדָוִ֔דda.VidH1732everyאִ֕ישׁ'ishH376one from thefaceפְּנֵ֥יpe.NeiH6440of theearthהָאֲדָמָֽה׃ha.'a.da.MahH127.
16SoH3027Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֖ןye.ho.na.TanH3083madeוַיִּכְרֹ֥תvai.yikh.RotH3772a covenant with thehouseבֵּ֣יתbeitH1004ofDavidדָּוִ֑דda.VidH1732, saying, And theLORDיְהוָ֔הYah.wehH3068shallrequireוּבִקֵּ֣שׁu.vi.KeshH1245it at thehandמִיַּ֖דmi.YadH3027ofDavid’sדָוִֽד׃da.VidH1732enemiesאֹיְבֵ֥י'o.ye.VeiH341.
19And when thou haststayedH3427threeוְשִׁלַּשְׁתָּ֙ve.shi.lash.TaH8027daysבְּי֣וֹםbe.YomH3117, thou shaltgoH935downתֵּרֵ֣דte.RedH3381quicklyמְאֹ֔דme.'OdH3966, andcomeוּבָאתָ֙u.va.TaH935to theplaceהַמָּק֔וֹםha.ma.KomH4725whereאֲשֶׁר־'a.Sher-H834thou didsthideנִסְתַּ֥רְתָּnis.Tar.taH5641thyself when thebusinessהַֽמַּעֲשֶׂ֑הha.ma.'a.SehH4639was in hand, and shaltremainH3427by thestoneהָאֶ֥בֶןha.'E.venH68Ezelהָאָֽזֶל׃ha.'A.zelH237.
21And,beholdוְהִנֵּה֙ve.hi.NehH2009, I willsendאֶשְׁלַ֣ח'esh.LachH7971theladהַנַּ֔עַרha.Na.'arH5288,sayingאָמֹר֩'a.MorH559,GoH935,findמְצָ֣אme.Tza'H4672thearrowsH2678.Ifאִם־'im-H518Isayאֹמַ֨ר'o.MarH559unto theladלַנַּ֜עַרla.Na.'arH5288,Beholdהִנֵּ֥הhi.NehH2009, thearrowsH2678are on thissideוָהֵ֗נָּהva.He.nahH2008of thee:takeקָחֶ֧נּוּ׀ka.Che.nuH3947them, andcomeוָבֹ֛אָהva.Vo.'ahH935; for there ispeaceשָׁל֥וֹםsha.LomH7965to thee andnoוְאֵ֥יןve.'EinH369hurt, as theLORDיְהוָֽה׃Yah.wehH3068liveth.
25And thekingהַ֠מֶּלֶךְHa.Me.lekhH4428satוַיֵּ֣שֶׁבvai.Ye.shevH3427uponH5921hisseatמ֨וֹשָׁב֜וֹmo.sha.VoH4186, as atotherכְּפַ֣עַם׀ke.Fa.'amH6471timesבְּפַ֗עַםbe.Fa.'amH6471,evenH5921uponH5921theseatמוֹשַׁב֙mo.ShavH4186by thewallהַקִּ֔ירha.KirH7023; andJonathanיְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ןye.Ho.na.TanH3083stoodH6965upH6965, andAbnerאַבְנֵ֖ר'av.NerH74satוַיֵּ֥שֶׁבvai.Ye.shevH3427bySaul’sשָׁא֑וּלsha.'UlH7586sideמִצַּ֣דmi.TzadH6654: butDavid’sדָּוִֽד׃da.VidH1732placeמְק֥וֹםme.KomH4725wasemptyוַיִּפָּקֵ֖דvai.yi.pa.KedH6485.
27And itcameבָ֧אva'H935topassH935on the morrowafterמִֽמָּחֳרַ֤תmi.mo.cho.RatH4283thenewהַחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ha.Cho.deshH2320moonH2320,whichהַלָּֽחֶם׃ha.La.chemH3899was thesecondהַשֵּׁנִ֔יha.she.NiH8145dayהַיּ֖וֹםhai.YomH3117, thatDavid’sדָּוִ֑ד סda.VidH1732placeמְק֣וֹםme.KomH4725wasemptyוַיִּפָּקֵ֖דvai.yi.pa.KedH6485: andSaulשָׁאוּל֙sha.'UlH7586saidוַיֹּ֤אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559untoJonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֣ןye.ho.na.TanH3083hissonבְּנ֔וֹbe.NoH1121, Wherefore comethnotH3808thesonבֶן־ven-H1121ofJesseיִשַׁ֛יyi.ShaiH3448to meat,neitherH3808yesterdayתְּמ֥וֹלte.MolH8543,norH3808todayH3117?
29and hesaidוַיֹּ֡אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559,LetH7971meH413goH935, Iprayנָ֡אna'H4994thee; for ourfamilyמִשְׁפָּחָ֨הmish.pa.ChahH4940hath asacrificeזֶבַח֩ze.VachH2077in thecityבָּעִ֗ירba.'IrH5892; and mybrotherאָחִ֔י'a.ChiH251, he hathcommandedצִוָּֽה־tzi.vah-H6680meH413to be there: andnowוְעַתָּ֗הve.'a.TahH6258,ifאִם־'im-H518I havefoundמָצָ֤אתִיma.Tza.tiH4672favour in thineeyesבְּעֵינֶ֔יךָbe.'ei.Nei.khaH5869,letH7971meH413getH935awayH7971, Iprayנָּ֖אna'H4994thee, andseeוְאֶרְאֶ֣הve.'er.'EhH7200mybrethrenאֶחָ֑י'e.ChaiH251. Therefore he isnotלֹא־lo'-H3808comeבָ֔אVa'H935unto theking’sהַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ סha.Me.lekhH4428tableשֻׁלְחַ֖ןshul.ChanH7979.
30ThenSaul’sשָׁאוּל֙sha.'UlH7586angerאַ֤ף'afH639waskindledH2734againstH2734Jonathanבִּיה֣וֹנָתָ֔ןbi.Ho.na.TanH3083, and hesaidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559unto him, Thousonבֶּֽן־ben-H1121of a perverserebelliousהַמַּרְדּ֑וּתha.mar.DutH4780woman, donotהֲל֣וֹאha.Lo'H3808Iknowיָדַ֗עְתִּיya.Da'.tiH3045that thou hastchosenבֹחֵ֤רvo.CherH977thesonלְבֶן־le.ven-H1121ofJesseיִשַׁ֔יyi.ShaiH3448to thine ownshameלְבָ֨שְׁתְּךָ֔le.Va.she.te.khaH1322, and unto theshameוּלְבֹ֖שֶׁתu.le.Vo.shetH1322of thymother’sאִמֶּֽךָ׃'i.Me.khaH517nakednessעֶרְוַ֥ת'er.VatH6172?
31For aslongהַיָּמִ֗יםhai.ya.MimH3117as thesonH1121ofJesseיִשַׁי֙yi.ShaiH3448livethuponעַל־'al-H5921thegroundהָאֲדָמָ֔הha.'a.da.MahH127, thou shaltnotH3808be stablished,norH3808thykingdomוּמַלְכוּתֶ֑ךָu.mal.khu.Te.khaH4438. Whereforenowוְעַתָּ֗הve.'a.TahH6258sendשְׁלַ֨חshe.LachH7971and fetch him untomeאֵלַ֔י'e.LaiH413, for he shallsurelyH3588dieמָ֖וֶתMa.vetH4194.
33AndSaulשָׁא֧וּלsha.'UlH7586castוַיָּ֨טֶלvai.Ya.telH2904hisspearהַחֲנִ֛יתha.cha.NitH2595at him tosmiteלְהַכֹּת֑וֹle.ha.ko.ToH5221him: wherebyJonathanיְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ןye.Ho.na.TanH3083knewוַיֵּ֙דַע֙vai.Ye.da'H3045that it was determined of hisfatherאָבִ֖יו'a.VivH1toputH4191Davidדָּוִֽד׃ סda.VidH1732todeathH4191.
34SoH3808Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֛ןye.ho.na.TanH3083aroseוַיָּ֧קָםvai.Ya.komH6965from thetableהַשֻּׁלְחָ֖ןha.shul.ChanH7979infierceבָּחֳרִי־bo.cho.ri-H2750angerאָ֑ף'AfH639, anddidH3808eatאָכַ֞ל'a.KhalH398noH3808meat thesecondהַשֵּׁנִי֙ha.she.NiH8145dayבְּיוֹם־be.yom-H3117of themonthהַחֹ֤דֶשׁha.Cho.deshH2320: for he wasgrievedנֶעְצַב֙ne'.TzavH6087forDavidדָּוִ֔דda.VidH1732,becauseH3588hisfatherאָבִֽיו׃ ס'a.VivH1had done himshameהִכְלִמ֖וֹhikh.li.MoH3637.
36And hesaidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559unto hisladלְנַעֲר֔וֹle.na.'a.RoH5288,Runרֻ֗ץRutzH7323,findמְצָ֥אme.Tza'H4672nowנָא֙na'H4994thearrowsהַחֵ֖צִיha.Che.tziH2678whichאֲשֶׁ֥ר'a.SherH834Ishootמוֹרֶ֑הmo.RehH3384. And as theladהַנַּ֣עַרha.Na.'arH5288ranרָ֔ץRatzH7323, heshotיָרָ֥הya.RahH3384anarrowH2678beyondלְהַעֲבִרֽוֹ׃le.ha.'a.vi.RoH5674him.
37And when theladהַנַּ֙עַר֙ha.Na.'arH5288wascomeוַיָּבֹ֤אvai.ya.Vo'H935to theplaceמְק֣וֹםme.KomH4725of thearrowהַחֵ֔צִיha.Che.tziH2678whichאֲשֶׁ֥ר'a.SherH834Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֑ןye.ho.na.TanH3083hadshotיָרָ֖הya.RahH3384,Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֜ןye.ho.na.TanH3083criedוַיִּקְרָ֨אvai.yik.Ra'H7121afterאַחֲרֵ֤י'a.cha.ReiH310theladהַנַּ֙עַר֙ha.Na.'arH5288, andsaidוַיֹּ֔אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559, Isnotהֲל֥וֹאha.Lo'H3808thearrowהַחֵ֖צִיha.Che.tziH2678beyondוָהָֽלְאָה׃va.Hal.'ahH1973thee?
38AndJonathanיְהֽוֹנָתָן֙ye.ho.na.TanH3083criedH7121afterאַחֲרֵ֣י'a.cha.ReiH310theladהַנַּ֔עַרha.Na.'arH5288,MakeH7121speedמְהֵרָ֥הme.he.RahH4120, haste,stayH5975notאַֽל־'al-H408. AndJonathan’sיְהֽוֹנָתָן֙ye.ho.na.TanH3083ladנַ֤עַרNa.'arH5288gatheredוַיְלַקֵּ֞טvay.la.KetH3950upH5975thearrowsH2678, andcameוַיָּבֹ֖אvai.ya.Vo'H935to hismasterאֲדֹנָֽיו׃'a.do.NavH113.
41And as soon as theladהַנַּעַר֮ha.na.'ArH5288wasgoneH935,Davidוְדָוִ֗דve.da.VidH1732aroseקָ֚םkamH6965outH6965of aplaceH935towardH935theSouthהַנֶּ֔גֶבha.Ne.gevH5045, andfellוַיִּפֹּ֨לvai.yi.PolH5307on hisfaceלְאַפָּ֥יוle.'a.PavH639to thegroundאַ֛רְצָה'Ar.tzahH776, andbowedוַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּvai.yish.Ta.chuH7812himselfH7812threeשָׁלֹ֣שׁsha.LoshH7969timesפְּעָמִ֑יםpe.'a.MimH6471: and theykissedוַֽיִּשְּׁק֣וּ׀vai.yi.she.KuH5401oneanotherרֵעֵ֗הוּre.'E.huH7453, andweptוַיִּבְכּוּ֙vai.yiv.KuH1058one withanotherרֵעֵ֔הוּre.'E.huH7453,untilעַד־'ad-H5704Davidדָּוִ֖דda.VidH1732exceeded.
42AndJonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֛ןye.ho.na.TanH3083saidוַיֹּ֧אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559toDavidלְדָוִ֖דle.da.VidH1732,GoH1980inpeaceלְשָׁל֑וֹםle.sha.LomH7965, forasmuch asweאֲנַ֗חְנוּ'a.Nach.nuH587haveswornנִשְׁבַּ֨עְנוּnish.Ba'.nuH7650bothשְׁנֵ֜ינוּshe.Nei.nuH8147ofusH996in thenameבְּשֵׁ֤םbe.ShemH8034of theLORDיְהוָה֙Yah.wehH3068,sayingלֵאמֹ֔רle.MorH559, TheLORDיְהוָ֞הYah.wehH3068shall bebetweenH996meיִֽהְיֶ֣ה׀yih.YehH1961and thee, andbetweenH996myseedזַרְעִ֛יzar.'IH2233and thyseedזַרְעֲךָ֖zar.'a.KhaH2233, foreverעוֹלָֽם׃ פo.LamH5769. And he arose anddepartedH1980: andJonathanוִיהוֹנָתָ֖ןvi.ho.na.TanH3083wentH1980intoH1980the city.
Commentaries on 1 Samuel 20
- Adam Clarke Bible Commentary
- Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
- Matthew Henry Concise Commentary
- Tyndale Open Study Notes
- Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary
- Rashi on Tanakh
- Keil & Delitzsch Commentary
- John Wesley’s Notes
- Darby Translation Notes
- Geneva Bible Translation Notes
- Kingcomments
- Matthew Henry’s Complete Commentary
- Matthew Henry’s Modern English Commentary
- Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary
Revised Version 1895 — 1895 — Public Domain
Commentaries