Revised Literal Translation

Leviticus 11

1And Yhwhיְהוָ֛הYah.wehH3068spakeוַיְדַבֵּ֧רvay.da.BerH1696unto Mosesמֹשֶׁ֥הmo.ShehH4872and to Aaronאַהֲרֹ֖ן'a.ha.RonH175,sayingלֵאמֹ֥רle.MorH559unto them,

2Speakדַּבְּר֛וּda.be.RuH1696unto the childrenבְּנֵ֥יbe.NeiH1121of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֖לYis.ra.'ElH3478,sayingלֵאמֹ֑רle.MorH559,Theseזֹ֤אתzotH2063arethe beastsהַֽחַיָּה֙ha.chai.YahH2416which ye shall eatתֹּאכְל֔וּto.khe.LuH398among all the beastsהַבְּהֵמָ֖הha.be.he.MahH929that areon the earthהָאָֽרֶץ׃ha.'A.retzH776.

3Whatsoever partethמַפְרֶ֣סֶתmaf.Re.setH6536the hoofH6541,and is clovenfootedוְשֹׁסַ֤עַת שֶׁ֙סַע֙ve.sho.Sa.'at she.sa'H8157 H8156, andchewethמַעֲלַ֥תma.'a.LatH5927the cudגֵּרָ֖הge.RahH1625,among the beastsבַּבְּהֵמָ֑הba.be.he.MahH929,that shall ye eatתֹּאכֵֽלוּ׃to.Khe.luH398.

4Neverthelessאַ֤ךְ'akhH389these shall ye not eatתֹֽאכְל֔וּto.khe.LuH398of them that chewמִֽמַּעֲלֵי֙mi.ma.'a.LeiH5927the cudהַגֵּרָ֔הha.ge.RahH1625,or of them that divideוּמִמַּפְרִיסֵ֖יu.mi.maf.ri.SeiH6536the hoofהַפַּרְסָ֑הha.par.SahH6541: asthe camelהַ֠גָּמָלHa.ga.molH1581,because he chewethמַעֲלֵ֨הma.'a.LehH5927the cudגֵרָ֜הge.RahH1625,but dividethמַפְרִ֔יסmaf.RisH6536not the hoofוּפַרְסָה֙u.far.SahH6541; he isuncleanטָמֵ֥אta.Me'H2931unto you.

5And the coneyהַשָּׁפָ֗ןha.sha.FanH8227,because he chewethמַעֲלֵ֤הma.'a.LehH5927the cudגֵרָה֙ge.RahH1625,but dividethיַפְרִ֑יסyaf.RisH6536not the hoofוּפַרְסָ֖הu.far.SahH6541; he isuncleanטָמֵ֥אta.Me'H2931unto you.

6And the hareהָאַרְנֶ֗בֶתha.'ar.Ne.vetH768,because he chewethמַעֲלַ֤תma.'a.LatH5927the cudגֵּרָה֙ge.RahH1625,but dividethהִפְרִ֑יסָהhif.Ri.sahH6536not the hoofוּפַרְסָ֖הu.far.SahH6541; he isuncleanטְמֵאָ֥הte.me.'AhH2931unto you.

7And the swineהַ֠חֲזִירHa.cha.zirH2386,though he divideמַפְרִ֨יסmaf.RisH6536the hoofH6541,and be clovenfootedוְשֹׁסַ֥ע שֶׁ֙סַע֙ve.sho.Sa' she.sa'H8157 H8156,yet he chewethיִגָּ֑רyi.GarH1641not the cudגֵּרָ֣הge.RahH1625; he isuncleanטָמֵ֥אta.Me'H2931to you.

8Of their fleshמִבְּשָׂרָם֙mi.be.sa.RamH1320shall ye not eatתֹאכֵ֔לוּto.Khe.luH398,and their carcaseוּבְנִבְלָתָ֖םu.ve.niv.la.TamH5038shall ye not touchתִגָּ֑עוּti.Ga.'uH5060; they areuncleanטְמֵאִ֥יםte.me.'ImH2931to you.

9These shall ye eatתֹּֽאכְל֔וּto.khe.LuH398of all that arein the watersבַּמָּ֑יִםba.Ma.yimH4325:whatsoever hath finsסְנַפִּ֨ירse.na.PirH5579and scalesוְקַשְׂקֶ֜שֶׂתve.kas.Ke.setH7193in the watersבַּמַּ֗יִםba.Ma.yimH4325,in the seasבַּיַּמִּ֛יםbai.ya.MimH3220,and in the riversוּבַנְּחָלִ֖יםu.va.ne.cha.LimH5158,them shall ye eatתֹּאכֵֽלוּ׃to.Khe.luH398.

10And all that have not finsסְנַפִּ֣ירse.na.PirH5579and scalesוְקַשְׂקֶ֗שֶׂתve.kas.Ke.setH7193in the seasבַּיַּמִּים֙bai.ya.MimH3220,and in the riversוּבַנְּחָלִ֔יםu.va.ne.cha.LimH5158,of all that moveשֶׁ֣רֶץShe.retzH8318in the watersהַמַּ֔יִםha.Ma.yimH4325,and of any livingהַחַיָּ֖הha.chai.YahH2416thingנֶ֥פֶשׁNe.feshH5315which isin the watersבַּמָּ֑יִםba.Ma.yimH4325, they shall bean abominationשֶׁ֥קֶץShe.ketzH8263unto you:

11They shall be even an abominationוְשֶׁ֖קֶץve.She.ketzH8263unto you; ye shall not eatתֹאכֵ֔לוּto.Khe.luH398of their fleshמִבְּשָׂרָם֙mi.be.sa.RamH1320,but ye shall have their carcasesנִבְלָתָ֖םniv.la.TamH5038in abominationתְּשַׁקֵּֽצוּ׃te.sha.Ke.tzuH8262.

12Whatsoever hath no finsסְנַפִּ֥ירse.na.PirH5579nor scalesוְקַשְׂקֶ֖שֶׂתve.kas.Ke.setH7193in the watersבַּמָּ֑יִםba.Ma.yimH4325, that shall bean abominationשֶׁ֥קֶץShe.ketzH8263unto you.

13And these are they whichye shall have in abominationתְּשַׁקְּצ֣וּte.sha.ke.TzuH8262amongמִן־min-H4480the fowlsהָע֔וֹףha.'ofH5775;they shall not be eatenיֵאָכְל֖וּye.'a.khe.LuH398, they arean abominationשֶׁ֣קֶץShe.ketzH8263:the eagleהַנֶּ֙שֶׁר֙ha.Ne.sherH5404,and the ossifrageהַפֶּ֔רֶסha.Pe.resH6538,and the osprayהָעָזְנִיָּֽה׃ha.'a.ze.ni.YahH5822,

14And the vultureהַ֨דָּאָ֔הha.da.'AhH1676,and the kiteהָאַיָּ֖הha.'ai.YahH344after his kindלְמִינָֽהּ׃le.mi.NahH4327;

15Every ravenעֹרֵ֖ב'o.RevH6158after his kindלְמִינֽוֹ׃le.mi.NoH4327;

16And the owlבַּ֣ת הַֽיַּעֲנָ֔הbat hai.ya.'a.NahH3284 H1323,and the night hawkהַתַּחְמָ֖סha.tach.MasH8464,and the cuckowהַשָּׁ֑חַףha.Sha.chafH7828,and the hawkהַנֵּ֖ץha.NetzH5322after his kindלְמִינֵֽהוּ׃le.mi.Ne.huH4327,

17And the little owlהַכּ֥וֹסha.KosH3563,and the cormorantהַשָּׁלָ֖ךְha.sha.LakhH7994,and the great owlהַיַּנְשֽׁוּף׃hai.yan.ShufH3244,

18And the swanהַתִּנְשֶׁ֥מֶתha.tin.She.metH8580,and the pelicanהַקָּאָ֖תha.ka.'AtH6893,and the gier eagleהָרָחָֽם׃ha.ra.ChamH7360,

19And the storkהַחֲסִידָ֔הha.cha.si.DahH2624,the heronהָאֲנָפָ֖הha.'a.na.FahH601after her kindלְמִינָ֑הּle.mi.NahH4327,and the lapwingהַדּוּכִיפַ֖תha.du.khi.FatH1744,and the batהָעֲטַלֵּֽף׃ha.'a.ta.LefH5847.

20All fowlsהָע֔וֹףha.'ofH5775that creepשֶׁ֣רֶץShe.retzH8318,goingהַהֹלֵ֖ךְha.ho.LekhH1980upon allfourאַרְבַּ֑ע'ar.Ba'H702, shall bean abominationשֶׁ֥קֶץShe.ketzH8263unto you.

21Yet these may ye eatתֹּֽאכְל֔וּto.khe.LuH398of every flyingהָע֔וֹףha.'ofH5775creepingשֶׁ֣רֶץShe.retzH8318thing that goethהַהֹלֵ֖ךְha.ho.LekhH1980upon allfourאַרְבַּ֑ע'ar.Ba'H702,which have legsכְרָעַ֙יִם֙khe.ra.'A.yimH3767aboveמִמַּ֣עַלmi.Ma.'alH4605their feetלְרַגְלָ֔יוle.rag.LavH7272,to leapלְנַתֵּ֥רle.na.TerH5425withalH2004upon the earthהָאָֽרֶץ׃ha.'A.retzH776;

22Eventhese of them ye may eatתֹּאכֵ֔לוּto.Khe.luH398;the locustהָֽאַרְבֶּ֣הha.'ar.BehH697after his kindלְמִינ֔וֹle.mi.NoH4327,and the bald locustהַסָּלְעָ֖םha.sal.'AmH5556after his kindלְמִינֵ֑הוּle.mi.Ne.huH4327,and the beetleהַחַרְגֹּ֣לha.char.GolH2728after his kindלְמִינֵ֔הוּle.mi.Ne.huH4327,and the grasshopperהֶחָגָ֖בhe.cha.GavH2284after his kindלְמִינֵֽהוּ׃le.mi.Ne.huH4327.

23But all otherflyingהָע֔וֹףha.'ofH5775creeping thingsשֶׁ֣רֶץShe.retzH8318,which have fourאַרְבַּ֣ע'ar.Ba'H702feetרַגְלָ֑יִםrag.La.yimH7272, shall bean abominationשֶׁ֥קֶץShe.ketzH8263unto you.

24And for these ye shall be uncleanתִּטַּמָּ֑אוּti.ta.Ma.'uH2930:whosoever touchethהַנֹּגֵ֥עַha.no.Ge.a'H5060the carcaseבְּנִבְלָתָ֖םbe.niv.la.TamH5038of them shall be uncleanיִטְמָ֥אyit.Ma'H2930until the evenהָעָֽרֶב׃ha.'A.revH6153.

25And whosoever bearethהַנֹּשֵׂ֖אha.no.Se'H5375oughtof the carcaseמִנִּבְלָתָ֑םmi.niv.la.TamH5038of them shall washיְכַבֵּ֥סye.kha.BesH3526his clothesבְּגָדָ֖יוbe.ga.DavH899,and be uncleanוְטָמֵ֥אve.ta.Me'H2930until the evenהָעָֽרֶב׃ha.'A.revH6153.

26The carcasesof every beastהַבְּהֵמָ֡הha.be.he.MahH929which dividethמַפְרֶ֨סֶתmaf.Re.setH6536the hoofפַּרְסָ֜הpar.SahH6541, and isnot clovenfootedוְשֶׁ֣סַע׀ שֹׁסַ֗עַתve.She.sa' sho.Sa.'atH8156 H8157,nor chewethמַעֲלָ֔הma.'a.LahH5927the cudוְגֵרָה֙ve.ge.RahH1625, areuncleanטְמֵאִ֥יםte.me.'ImH2931unto you: every one that touchethהַנֹּגֵ֥עַha.no.Ge.a'H5060them shall be uncleanיִטְמָֽא׃yit.Ma'H2930.

27And whatsoeverהֵ֖םhemH1992 H3605goethהוֹלֵ֣ךְho.LekhH1980upon his pawsכַּפָּ֗יוka.PavH3709,among all manner of beastsהַֽחַיָּה֙ha.chai.YahH2416that goהַהֹלֶ֣כֶתha.ho.Le.khetH1980on allfourאַרְבַּ֔ע'ar.Ba'H702, those areuncleanטְמֵאִ֥יםte.me.'ImH2931unto you: whoso touchethהַנֹּגֵ֥עַha.no.Ge.a'H5060their carcaseבְּנִבְלָתָ֖םbe.niv.la.TamH5038shall be uncleanיִטְמָ֥אyit.Ma'H2930until the evenהָעָֽרֶב׃ha.'A.revH6153.

28And he that bearethוְהַנֹּשֵׂא֙ve.ha.no.Se'H5375the carcaseנִבְלָתָ֔םniv.la.TamH5038of them shall washיְכַבֵּ֥סye.kha.BesH3526his clothesבְּגָדָ֖יוbe.ga.DavH899,and be uncleanוְטָמֵ֣אve.ta.Me'H2930until the evenהָעָ֑רֶבha.'A.revH6153: they areuncleanטְמֵאִ֥יםte.me.'ImH2931unto you.

29These also shall beuncleanהַטָּמֵ֔אha.ta.Me'H2931unto you among the creeping thingsבַּשֶּׁ֖רֶץba.She.retzH8318that creepהַשֹּׁרֵ֣ץha.sho.RetzH8317upon the earthהָאָ֑רֶץha.'A.retzH776;the weaselהַחֹ֥לֶדha.Cho.ledH2467,and the mouseוְהָעַכְבָּ֖רve.ha.'akh.BarH5909,and the tortoiseוְהַצָּ֥בve.ha.TzavH6632after his kindלְמִינֵֽהוּ׃le.mi.Ne.huH4327,

30And the ferretוְהָאֲנָקָ֥הve.ha.'a.na.KahH604,and the chameleonוְהַכֹּ֖חַve.ha.Ko.achH3581,and the lizardוְהַלְּטָאָ֑הve.ha.le.ta.'AhH3911,and the snailוְהַחֹ֖מֶטve.ha.Cho.metH2546,and the moleוְהַתִּנְשָֽׁמֶת׃ve.ha.tin.Sha.metH8580.

31These areuncleanהַטְּמֵאִ֥יםha.te.me.'ImH2931to you among all that creepהַשָּׁ֑רֶץha.Sha.retzH8318:whosoever doth touchהַנֹּגֵ֧עַha.no.Ge.a'H5060them, when they be deadבְּמֹתָ֖םbe.mo.TamH4194,shall be uncleanיִטְמָ֥אyit.Ma'H2930until the evenהָעָֽרֶב׃ha.'A.revH6153.

32And upon whatsoever anyof them, when they are deadבְּמֹתָ֜םbe.mo.TamH4194,doth fallיִפֹּל־yi.pol-H5307,it shall be uncleanיִטְמָ֗אyit.Ma'H2930; whether it beany vesselכְּלִי־ke.li-H3627of woodעֵץ֙'etzH6086,or raimentבֶ֤גֶדVe.gedH899,or skinעוֹר֙'OrH5785,or sackשָׂ֔קSakH8242,whatsoever vesselכְּלִ֕יke.LiH3627it be, wherein anyworkמְלָאכָ֖הme.la.KhahH4399is doneיֵעָשֶׂ֥הye.'a.SehH6213,it must be putיוּבָ֛אyu.Va'H935into waterבַּמַּ֧יִםba.Ma.yimH4325,and it shall be uncleanוְטָמֵ֥אve.ta.Me'H2930until the evenהָעֶ֖רֶבha.'E.revH6153;so it shall be cleansedוְטָהֵֽר׃ve.ta.HerH2891.

33And every earthenחֶ֔רֶשׂChe.resH2789vesselכְּלִי־ke.li-H3627, whereinto anyof them fallethיִפֹּ֥לyi.PolH8432 H5307, whatsoever isin it shall be uncleanיִטְמָ֖אyit.Ma'H2930;and ye shall breakתִשְׁבֹּֽרוּ׃tish.Bo.ruH7665it.

34Of all meatהָאֹ֜כֶלha.'O.khelH400which may be eatenיֵאָכֵ֗לye.'a.KhelH398, that on which suchwaterמַ֖יִםMa.yimH4325comethיָב֥וֹאya.Vo'H935shall be uncleanיִטְמָ֑אyit.Ma'H2930:and all drinkמַשְׁקֶה֙mash.KehH4945that may be drunkיִשָּׁתֶ֔הyi.sha.TehH8354in every suchvesselכְּלִ֖יke.LiH3627shall be uncleanיִטְמָֽא׃yit.Ma'H2930.

35And every thing whereupon any partof their carcaseמִנִּבְלָתָ֥ם׀mi.niv.la.TamH5038fallethיִפֹּ֨לyi.PolH5307shall be uncleanיִטְמָא֒yit.Ma'H2930; whether it beovenתַּנּ֧וּרta.NurH8574,or rangesוְכִירַ֛יִםve.khi.Ra.yimH3600for pots, they shall be broken downיֻתָּ֖ץyu.TatzH5422: for they areuncleanטְמֵאִ֣יםte.me.'ImH2931,and shall be uncleanוּטְמֵאִ֖יםu.te.me.'ImH2931unto you.

36Nevertheless a fountainמַעְיָ֥ןma'.YanH4599or pitוּב֛וֹרu.VorH953, wherein there isplentyמִקְוֵה־mik.veh-H4723of waterמַ֖יִםMa.yimH4325,shall be cleanטָה֑וֹרta.HorH2889:but that which touchethוְנֹגֵ֥עַve.no.Ge.a'H5060their carcaseבְּנִבְלָתָ֖םbe.niv.la.TamH5038shall be uncleanיִטְמָֽא׃yit.Ma'H2930.

37And if any partof their carcaseמִנִּבְלָתָ֔םmi.niv.la.TamH5038fallיִפֹּל֙yi.PolH5307upon any sowingזֵר֖וּעַze.Ru.a'H2221seedזֶ֥רַעZe.ra'H2233which is to be sownיִזָּרֵ֑עַyi.za.Re.a'H2232, it shall becleanטָה֖וֹרta.HorH2889.

38But if anywaterמַ֙יִם֙ma.yimH4325be putיֻתַּן־yu.tan-H5414upon the seedזֶ֔רַעZe.ra'H2233, and any partof their carcaseמִנִּבְלָתָ֖םmi.niv.la.TamH5038fallוְנָפַ֥לve.na.FalH5307thereon, it shall beuncleanטָמֵ֥אta.Me'H2931unto you.

39And if any beastהַבְּהֵמָ֔הha.be.he.MahH929,of which ye may eatלְאָכְלָ֑הle.'okh.LahH402,dieיָמוּת֙ya.MutH4191;he that touchethהַנֹּגֵ֥עַha.no.Ge.a'H5060the carcaseבְּנִבְלָתָ֖הּbe.niv.la.TahH5038thereof shall be uncleanיִטְמָ֥אyit.Ma'H2930until the evenהָעָֽרֶב׃ha.'A.revH6153.

40And he that eatethוְהָֽאֹכֵל֙ve.ha.'o.KhelH398of the carcaseמִנִּבְלָתָ֔הּmi.niv.la.TahH5038of it shall washיְכַבֵּ֥סye.kha.BesH3526his clothesבְּגָדָ֖יוbe.ga.DavH899,and be uncleanוְטָמֵ֣אve.ta.Me'H2930until the evenהָעָ֑רֶבha.'A.revH6153:he also that bearethוְהַנֹּשֵׂא֙ve.ha.no.Se'H5375the carcaseנִבְלָתָ֔הּniv.la.TahH5038of it shall washיְכַבֵּ֥סye.kha.BesH3526his clothesבְּגָדָ֖יוbe.ga.DavH899,and be uncleanוְטָמֵ֥אve.ta.Me'H2930until the evenהָעָֽרֶב׃ha.'A.revH6153.

41And every creeping thingהַשֶּׁ֖רֶץha.She.retzH8318that creepethהַשֹּׁרֵ֣ץha.sho.RetzH8317upon the earthהָאָ֑רֶץha.'A.retzH776shall bean abominationשֶׁ֥קֶץShe.ketzH8263;it shall not be eatenיֵאָכֵֽל׃ye.'a.KhelH398.

42Whatsoever goethהוֹלֵ֨ךְho.LekhH1980upon the bellyגָּח֜וֹןga.ChonH1512,and whatsoever goethהוֹלֵ֣ךְho.LekhH1980upon allfourאַרְבַּ֗ע'ar.Ba'H702,or whatsoever hath moreמַרְבֵּ֣הmar.BehH7235feetרַגְלַ֔יִםrag.La.yimH7272among all creeping thingsהַשֶּׁ֖רֶץha.She.retzH8318that creepהַשֹּׁרֵ֣ץha.sho.RetzH8317upon the earthהָאָ֑רֶץha.'A.retzH776,them ye shall not eatתֹאכְל֖וּםtokh.LumH398; for they arean abominationשֶׁ֥קֶץShe.ketzH8263.

43Ye shall not makeתְּשַׁקְּצוּ֙te.sha.ke.TzuH8262yourselvesנַפְשֹׁ֣תֵיכֶ֔םnaf.Sho.tei.KhemH5315abominableH8262with any creeping thingהַשֶּׁ֖רֶץha.She.retzH8318that creepethהַשֹּׁרֵ֑ץha.sho.RetzH8317,neither shall ye make yourselves uncleanH2933with them, that ye should be defiledH2930thereby.

44For I amYhwhיְהוָה֮Yah.wehH3068your Godאֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם֒'e.lo.hei.KhemH430:ye shall therefore sanctify yourselvesוְהִתְקַדִּשְׁתֶּם֙ve.hit.ka.dish.TemH6942,and ye shall be holyקְדֹשִׁ֔יםke.do.ShimH6918; for I amholyקָד֖וֹשׁka.Do.oshH6918:neither shall ye defileתְטַמְּאוּ֙te.ta.me.'UH2930yourselvesנַפְשֹׁ֣תֵיכֶ֔םnaf.Sho.tei.KhemH5315with any manner of creeping thingהַשֶּׁ֖רֶץha.She.retzH8318that creepethהָרֹמֵ֥שׂha.ro.MesH7430upon the earthהָאָֽרֶץ׃ha.'A.retzH776.

45For I amYhwhיְהוָ֗הYah.wehH3068that bringethהַֽמַּעֲלֶ֤הha.ma.'a.LehH5927you up out of the landמֵאֶ֣רֶץme.'E.retzH776of Egyptמִצְרַ֔יִםmitz.Ra.yimH4714,to be your Godלֵאלֹהִ֑יםle.lo.HimH430:ye shall therefore be holyקְדֹשִׁ֔יםke.do.ShimH6918, for I amholyקָד֖וֹשׁka.Do.oshH6918.

46This isthe lawתּוֹרַ֤תto.RatH8451of the beastsהַבְּהֵמָה֙ha.be.he.MahH929,and of the fowlוְהָע֔וֹףve.ha.'ofH5775,and of every livingהַֽחַיָּ֔הha.chai.YahH2416creatureנֶ֣פֶשׁNe.feshH5315that movethהָרֹמֶ֖שֶׂתha.ro.Me.setH7430in the watersבַּמָּ֑יִםba.Ma.yimH4325,and of every creatureנֶ֖פֶשׁNe.feshH5315that creepethהַשֹּׁרֶ֥צֶתha.sho.Re.tzetH8317upon the earthהָאָֽרֶץ׃ha.'A.retzH776:

47To make a differenceלְהַבְדִּ֕ילle.hav.DilH914between the uncleanהַטָּמֵ֖אha.ta.Me'H2931and the cleanהַטָּהֹ֑רha.ta.HorH2889,and between the beastהַֽחַיָּה֙ha.chai.YahH2416that may be eatenהַֽנֶּאֱכֶ֔לֶתha.ne.'e.Khe.letH398and the beastהַֽחַיָּ֔הha.chai.YahH2416that may not be eatenתֵאָכֵֽל׃ פte.'a.KhelH398.

Commentaries on Leviticus 11