1 Kings 22
New American Standard Bible 2020
Ahab’s Third Campaign against Aram
1Now 1threeH7969 yearsH8141 passedH3427 withoutH369 warH4421 betweenH996 AramH758 and IsraelH3478. 22In the thirdH7992 yearH8141, 3JehoshaphatH3092 the kingH4428 of JudahH3063 cameH3381 downH3381 to the kingH4428 of IsraelH3478. 3Now the kingH4428 of IsraelH3478 saidH559 to his servantsH5650, “AreH3045 you awareH3045 that 4Ramoth-gileadH7433 belongs to us, yet we are hesitantH2814 to takeH3947 it out of the handH3027 of the kingH4428 of AramH758?” 4So he saidH559 to JehoshaphatH3092, “Will you goH1980 to battleH4421 with me at Ramoth-gileadH7433?” And JehoshaphatH3092 saidH559 to the kingH4428 of IsraelH3478, “56Consider me yours, my peopleH5971 yours, and my horsesH5483 yours!”
5However, JehoshaphatH3092 saidH559 to the kingH4428 of IsraelH3478, “PleaseH4994 requestH1875 the wordH1697 of the LordH3068 7firstH3117.” 6So 8the kingH4428 of IsraelH3478 assembledH6908 the 9prophetsH5030, about fourH702 hundredH3967 menH376, and saidH559 to them, “Should I goH1980 to battleH4421 againstH5921 Ramoth-gileadH7433 orH518 should I refrainH2308?” And they saidH559, “GoH5927 upH5927, for the LordH136 will handH5414H3027 it overH5414 to the kingH4428.” 7But 10JehoshaphatH3092 saidH559, “IsH369 thereH369 noH369 longerH5750 a prophetH5030 of the LordH3068 hereH6311, that we may inquireH1875 of him?” 8And the kingH4428 of IsraelH3478 saidH559 to JehoshaphatH3092, “There is stillH5750 oneH259 manH376 by whom we may inquireH1875 of the LordH3068, but I hateH8130 him, becauseH3588 he does not prophesyH5012 anything goodH2896 regardingH5921 me, but only badH7451. He is MicaiahH4321 the sonH1121 of ImlahH3229.” But JehoshaphatH3092 saidH559, “May the kingH4428 not sayH559 soH3651.” 9Then the kingH4428 of IsraelH3478 summonedH7121 an officerH5631 and saidH559, “BringH4116 MicaiahH4321 sonH1121 of ImlahH3229 quicklyH4116.” 10Now the kingH4428 of IsraelH3478 and JehoshaphatH3092 the kingH4428 of JudahH3063 were sittingH3427, eachH376 on his throneH3678, dressedH3847 in their robesH899, at the threshingH1637 floorH1637 at the entranceH6607 of the gateH8179 of SamariaH8111; and 11allH3605 the prophetsH5030 were prophesyingH5012 beforeH6440 them. 11Then ZedekiahH6667 the sonH1121 of ChenaanahH3668 madeH6213 12hornsH7161 of ironH1270 for himself and saidH559, “ThisH3541 isH3541 whatH3541 the LordH3068 saysH559: ‘13With theseH428 you will goreH5055 the ArameansH758 untilH5704 they are destroyedH3615!’” 12AllH3605 the prophetsH5030 were prophesyingH5012 thisH3651 as well, sayingH559, “GoH5927 upH5927 to Ramoth-gileadH7433 and succeedH6743, for the LordH3068 will handH5414H3027 it overH5414 to the kingH4428.”
Micaiah Predicts Defeat
13Then the messengerH4397 whoH834 wentH1980 to summonH7121 MicaiahH4321 spokeH1696 to him sayingH559, “BeholdH2009 nowH4994, the wordsH1697 of the prophetsH5030 are 14unanimouslyH259H6310 favorableH2896 to the kingH4428. PleaseH4994 let your wordH1697 be like the wordH1697 of oneH259 of them, and speakH1696 favorablyH2896.” 14But MicaiahH4321 saidH559, “15As the LordH3068 livesH2416, whateverH3588H834 16the LordH3068 saysH559 to me, I shall speakH1696 it.”
15When he cameH935 to the kingH4428, the kingH4428 saidH559 to him, “MicaiahH4321, should we goH1980 to battleH4421 againstH413 Ramoth-gileadH7433, orH518 should we refrainH2308?” And he saidH559, “17GoH5927 upH5927 and succeedH6743, for the LordH3068 will handH5414H3027 it overH5414 to the kingH4428!” 16Then the kingH4428 saidH559 to him, “HowH5704H4100 manyH5704H4100 timesH6471 must I makeH7650 you swearH7650 that you will tellH1696 me nothingH3808 but the truthH571 in the nameH8034 of the LordH3068?” 17So he saidH559, “I sawH7200 allH3605 IsraelH3478 ScatteredH6327 on the mountainsH2022, 18Like sheepH6629 that haveH369 noH369 shepherdH7462. And the LordH3068 saidH559, ‘TheseH428 people have noH3808 masterH113. EachH376 of them is to returnH7725 to his houseH1004 in peaceH7965.’” 18Then the kingH4428 of IsraelH3478 saidH559 to JehoshaphatH3092, “19Did I not tellH559 you that he would not prophesyH5012 anything goodH2896 regardingH5921 me, but only badH7451?”
19And Micaiah saidH559, “ThereforeH3651, hearH8085 the wordH1697 of the LordH3068. 20I sawH7200 the LordH3068 sittingH3427 on His throneH3678, and 21allH3605 the 22angelsH6635 of heavenH8064 standingH5975 by Him on His rightH3225 and on His leftH8040. 20And the LordH3068 saidH559, ‘WhoH4310 will 23enticeH6601 AhabH256 to goH5927 upH5927 and fallH5307 at Ramoth-gileadH7433?’ And oneH2088 spirit saidH559 thisH3541, while anotherH2088 saidH559 that. 21Then a spiritH7307 cameH3318 forwardH3318 and stoodH5975 beforeH6440 the LordH3068, and saidH559, ‘I will 24enticeH6601 him.’ 22And the LordH3068 saidH559 to him, ‘HowH4100?’ And he saidH559, ‘I will goH3318 outH3318 and 25be a deceivingH8267 spiritH7307 in the mouthsH6310 of allH3605 his prophetsH5030.’ Then He saidH559, ‘You shall 26enticeH6601 him, and you will alsoH1571 prevailH3201. GoH3318 and doH6213 soH3651.’ 23NowH6258 then, beholdH2009, 27the LordH3068 has putH5414 a deceivingH8267 spiritH7307 in the mouthH6310 of allH3605 theseH428 prophetsH5030 of yours; and the LordH3068 has declaredH1696 disasterH7463 againstH5921 you.”
24Then 28ZedekiahH6667 the sonH1121 of ChenaanahH3668 approachedH5066 and struckH5221 MicaiahH4321 on the cheekH3895; and he saidH559, “29HowH335H2088 did the SpiritH7307 of the LordH3068 passH5674 from me to speakH1696 to you?” 25And MicaiahH4321 saidH559, “BeholdH2009, you are going to seeH7200 how on that dayH3117 whenH834 you 30goH935 from one innerH2315 roomH2315 to 31anotherH2315 trying to hideH2244 yourself.” 26Then the kingH4428 of IsraelH3478 saidH559, “TakeH3947 MicaiahH4321 and returnH7725 him to AmonH526 the governorH8269 of the cityH5892, and to JoashH3060 the king’sH4428 sonH1121; 27and sayH559, ‘ThisH3541 isH3541 whatH3541 the kingH4428 saysH559: “32PutH7760 thisH2088 man in prisonH1004H3608, and feedH398 him enoughH3906 breadH3899 and waterH4325 toH3906 surviveH3906 untilH5704 I 33returnH935 safelyH7965.”’” 28But MicaiahH4321 saidH559, “34IfH518 you actuallyH7725 returnH7725 35safelyH7965, the LordH3068 has not spokenH1696 by me.” And he saidH559, “36ListenH8085, allH3605 you peopleH5971!”
Defeat and Death of Ahab
29So 37the kingH4428 of IsraelH3478 and JehoshaphatH3092 kingH4428 of JudahH3063 wentH5927 upH5927 against Ramoth-gileadH7433. 30And the kingH4428 of IsraelH3478 saidH559 to JehoshaphatH3092, “38I will disguiseH2664 myself and goH935 into the battleH4421, but you putH3847 onH3847 your robesH899.” So the kingH4428 of IsraelH3478 disguisedH2664 himself and wentH935 into the battleH4421. 31Now 39the kingH4428 of AramH758 had commandedH6680 the thirty-twoH7970H8147 commandersH8269 of his chariotsH7393, sayingH559, “Do not fightH3898 with the smallH6996 or greatH1419, but onlyH905 with the kingH4428 of IsraelH3478.” 32So when the commandersH8269 of the chariotsH7393 sawH7200 JehoshaphatH3092, they saidH559, “SurelyH389 he is the kingH4428 of IsraelH3478!” And they turnedH5493 asideH5493 to fightH3898 againstH5921 him, and JehoshaphatH3092 criedH2199 outH2199. 33Then, when the commandersH8269 of the chariotsH7393 sawH7200 that it was not the kingH4428 of IsraelH3478, they turnedH7725 backH7725 from pursuingH310 him.
34Now one manH376 drewH4900 his bowH7198 at randomH8537 and struckH5221 the kingH4428 of IsraelH3478 40in a jointH1694 of the armorH8302. So he saidH559 to the driverH7395 ofH7395 his chariotH7395, “TurnH2015 41aroundH3027 and takeH3318 me outH3318 of the battleH4264, 42for I amH2470 severelyH2470 woundedH2470.” 35The battleH4421 43ragedH5927 onH5927 that dayH3117, and the kingH4428 was proppedH5975 upH5975 in his chariotH4818 in frontH5227 of the ArameansH758, and he diedH4191 at eveningH6153, and the bloodH1818 from the woundH4347 ranH3332 into the bottomH2436 of the chariotH7393. 3644Then the wordH7440 passedH5674 throughout the armyH4264 close to sunsetH8121H935, sayingH559, “EveryH376 manH376 to his cityH5892, and everyH376 manH376 to his 45countryH776!”
37So the kingH4428 diedH4191 and was broughtH935 to SamariaH8111, and they buriedH6912 the kingH4428 in SamariaH8111. 38They washedH7857 outH7857 the chariotH7393 by the poolH1295 of SamariaH8111, and the dogsH3611 lickedH3952 upH3952 his bloodH1818 (it was there that the prostitutesH2181 bathedH7364 themselves) 46in accordance with the wordH1697 of the LordH3068 whichH834 He had spokenH1696. 39Now as for the restH3499 of the actsH1697 of AhabH256 and everythingH3605 that he didH6213, and 47the ivoryH8127 houseH1004 whichH834 he builtH1129 and allH3605 the citiesH5892 whichH834 he builtH1129, are they not writtenH3789 in the BookH5612 of the ChroniclesH1697H3117 of the KingsH4428 of IsraelH3478? 40So AhabH256 48layH7901 downH7901 with his fathersH1, and his sonH1121 AhaziahH274 becameH4427 kingH4427 inH8478 his placeH8478.
The New Rulers
4149Now JehoshaphatH3092 the sonH1121 of AsaH609 becameH4427 kingH4427 overH5921 JudahH3063 in the fourthH702 yearH8141 of AhabH256 kingH4428 of IsraelH3478. 42JehoshaphatH3092 was thirty-fiveH7970H2568 yearsH8141 oldH1121 when he becameH4427 kingH4427, and he reignedH4427 for twenty-fiveH6242H2568 yearsH8141 in JerusalemH3389. And his mother’sH517 nameH8034 was AzubahH5806 the daughterH1323 of ShilhiH7977. 4350He walkedH1980 51entirelyH3605 in the wayH1870 of his fatherH1 AsaH609; he did not turnH5493 asideH5493 from it, doingH6213 what was rightH3477 in the sightH5869 of the LordH3068. 52HoweverH389, the highH1116 placesH1116 were not takenH5493 awayH5493; the peopleH5971 stillH5750 sacrificedH2076 and burnedH6999 incenseH6999 on the highH1116 placesH1116. 4453JehoshaphatH3092 also madeH7999 peaceH7999 with the kingH4428 of IsraelH3478.
45Now as for the restH3499 of the actsH1697 of JehoshaphatH3092, and his mightH1369 whichH834 he showedH6213 and howH834 he madeH3898 warH3898, are they not writtenH3789 54in the BookH5612 of the ChroniclesH1697H3117 of the KingsH4428 of JudahH3063? 46And the remnantH3499 of 55the cultH6945 prostitutesH6945 whoH834 remainedH7604 in the daysH3117 of his fatherH1 AsaH609, he eliminatedH1197 from the landH776.
47Now 56thereH369 wasH369 noH369 kingH4428 in EdomH112; a governorH5324 served as kingH4428. 48JehoshaphatH3092 builtH6213 57shipsH591 of TarshishH8659 to goH1980 to 58OphirH211 for goldH2091, but 59they did not goH1980, becauseH3588 the shipsH591 were destroyedH7665 at 60Ezion-geberH6100. 49ThenH227 AhaziahH274 the sonH1121 of AhabH256 saidH559 to JehoshaphatH3092, “Let my servantsH5650 goH1980 with your servantsH5650 in the shipsH591.” But JehoshaphatH3092 wasH14 not willingH14. 5061And JehoshaphatH3092 62layH7901 downH7901 with his fathersH1 and was buriedH6912 with his fathersH1 in the cityH5892 of his fatherH1 DavidH1732, and his sonH1121 JehoramH3088 becameH4427 kingH4427 inH8478 his placeH8478.
51AhaziahH274 the sonH1121 of AhabH256 63becameH4427 kingH4427 overH5921 IsraelH3478 in SamariaH8111 in the seventeenthH7651H6240 yearH8141 of JehoshaphatH3092 kingH4428 of JudahH3063, and he reignedH4427 overH5921 IsraelH3478 for two yearsH8141. 52He didH6213 evilH7451 in the sightH5869 of the LordH3068 and 64walkedH1980 in the wayH1870 of his fatherH1 and in the wayH1870 of his motherH517, and in the wayH1870 of JeroboamH3379 the sonH1121 of NebatH5028, whoH834 misledH2398 IsraelH3478 intoH2398 sinH2398. 5365So he servedH5647 BaalH1168 and worshipedH2331 him, and provokedH3707 the LordH3068 GodH430 of IsraelH3478 toH3707 angerH3707, according to allH3605 that his fatherH1 had doneH6213.
Notes
- 1. 1 Kings 22:1 Lit they sat for three years ↩
- 2. 1 Kings 22:2 2 Chr 18:2 ↩
- 3. 1 Kings 22:2 1 Kin 15:24 ↩
- 4. 1 Kings 22:3 Deut 4:43; Josh 21:38; 1 Kin 4:13 ↩
- 5. 1 Kings 22:4 Lit As me as you, as my people...as my horses, as your horses, an ancient idiom ↩
- 6. 1 Kings 22:4 2 Kin 3:7 ↩
- 7. 1 Kings 22:5 Lit today ↩
- 8. 1 Kings 22:6 1 Kin 18:19 ↩
- 9. 1 Kings 22:6 I.e., official prophets who at that time were false ↩
- 10. 1 Kings 22:7 2 Kin 3:11 ↩
- 11. 1 Kings 22:10 1 Kin 22:6 ↩
- 12. 1 Kings 22:11 Zech 1:18-21 ↩
- 13. 1 Kings 22:11 Deut 33:17 ↩
- 14. 1 Kings 22:13 Lit of one mouth ↩
- 15. 1 Kings 22:14 1 Kin 18:10, 15 ↩
- 16. 1 Kings 22:14 Num 22:18; 24:13 ↩
- 17. 1 Kings 22:15 1 Kin 22:12 ↩
- 18. 1 Kings 22:17 Num 27:17; 1 Kin 22:34-36; 2 Chr 18:16; Matt 9:36; Mark 6:34 ↩
- 19. 1 Kings 22:18 1 Kin 22:8 ↩
- 20. 1 Kings 22:19 Is 6:1; Ezek 1:26-28; Dan 7:9, 10 ↩
- 21. 1 Kings 22:19 Job 1:6; 2:1; Ps 103:20, 21; Dan 7:10; Matt 18:10; Heb 1:7, 14 ↩
- 22. 1 Kings 22:19 Lit host ↩
- 23. 1 Kings 22:20 Or persuade ↩
- 24. 1 Kings 22:21 Or persuade ↩
- 25. 1 Kings 22:22 Judg 9:23; 1 Sam 16:14; 18:10; 19:9; Ezek 14:9; 2 Thess 2:11 ↩
- 26. 1 Kings 22:22 Or persuade ↩
- 27. 1 Kings 22:23 Ezek 14:9 ↩
- 28. 1 Kings 22:24 1 Kin 22:11; Matt 5:39; Acts 23:2, 3 ↩
- 29. 1 Kings 22:24 2 Chr 18:23 ↩
- 30. 1 Kings 22:25 1 Kin 20:30 ↩
- 31. 1 Kings 22:25 Lit inner room ↩
- 32. 1 Kings 22:27 2 Chr 16:10; 18:25-27 ↩
- 33. 1 Kings 22:27 Lit come in peace ↩
- 34. 1 Kings 22:28 Deut 18:22 ↩
- 35. 1 Kings 22:28 Lit in peace ↩
- 36. 1 Kings 22:28 Mic 1:2 ↩
- 37. 1 Kings 22:29 1 Kin 22:3, 4 ↩
- 38. 1 Kings 22:30 2 Chr 35:22 ↩
- 39. 1 Kings 22:31 1 Kin 20:1, 16, 24; 2 Chr 18:30 ↩
- 40. 1 Kings 22:34 Lit between the scales and the scale armor ↩
- 41. 1 Kings 22:34 Lit your hand ↩
- 42. 1 Kings 22:34 2 Chr 35:23 ↩
- 43. 1 Kings 22:35 Lit went up ↩
- 44. 1 Kings 22:36 2 Kin 14:12 ↩
- 45. 1 Kings 22:36 Lit land ↩
- 46. 1 Kings 22:38 1 Kin 21:19 ↩
- 47. 1 Kings 22:39 Amos 3:15 ↩
- 48. 1 Kings 22:40 I.e., died ↩
- 49. 1 Kings 22:41 2 Chr 20:31 ↩
- 50. 1 Kings 22:43 2 Chr 17:3 ↩
- 51. 1 Kings 22:43 Lit in all the way of ↩
- 52. 1 Kings 22:43 1 Kin 15:14; 2 Kin 12:3 ↩
- 53. 1 Kings 22:44 1 Kin 22:2; 2 Kin 8:16, 18; 2 Chr 19:2 ↩
- 54. 1 Kings 22:45 2 Chr 20:34 ↩
- 55. 1 Kings 22:46 Gen 19:5; Deut 23:17; 1 Kin 14:24; 15:12; Jude 7 ↩
- 56. 1 Kings 22:47 2 Sam 8:14; 2 Kin 3:9 ↩
- 57. 1 Kings 22:48 1 Kin 10:22; 2 Chr 20:36 ↩
- 58. 1 Kings 22:48 1 Kin 9:28 ↩
- 59. 1 Kings 22:48 2 Chr 20:37 ↩
- 60. 1 Kings 22:48 1 Kin 9:26 ↩
- 61. 1 Kings 22:50 2 Chr 21:1 ↩
- 62. 1 Kings 22:50 I.e., died ↩
- 63. 1 Kings 22:51 1 Kin 22:40 ↩
- 64. 1 Kings 22:52 1 Kin 15:26; 21:25 ↩
- 65. 1 Kings 22:53 Judg 2:11; 1 Kin 16:30-32 ↩
Commentaries on 1 Kings 22
- Adam Clarke Bible Commentary
- Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
- Matthew Henry Concise Commentary
- Tyndale Open Study Notes
- Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary
- Rashi on Tanakh
- Keil & Delitzsch Commentary
- Darby Translation Notes
- Geneva Bible Translation Notes
- Kingcomments
- Matthew Henry’s Complete Commentary
- Matthew Henry’s Modern English Commentary
- Scofield Reference Notes, 1917 Edition
- Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary
- EGW Writings
New American Standard Bible 2020 — © 1960–2020 The Lockman Foundation. All rights reserved.
Commentaries