Revised Literal Translation

Deuteronomy 31

1And Mosesמֹשֶׁ֑הmo.ShehH4872wentH3212and spakeוַיְדַבֵּ֛רvay.da.BerH1696these wordsהַדְּבָרִ֥יםha.de.va.RimH1697unto all Israelיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃Yis.ra.'ElH3478.

2And he saidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559unto them, I aman hundredמֵאָה֩me.'AhH3967and twentyוְעֶשְׂרִ֨יםve.'es.RimH6242yearsשָׁנָ֤הsha.NahH8141oldבֶּן־ben-H1121this dayהַיּ֔וֹםhai.YomH3117;I canאוּכַ֥ל'u.KhalH3201no more go outלָצֵ֣אתla.TzetH3318and come inוְלָב֑וֹאve.la.Vo'H935:also Yhwhוַֽיהוָה֙va.Yah.wehH3068hath saidאָמַ֣ר'a.MarH559unto me, Thou shalt not go overתַעֲבֹ֖רta.'a.VorH5674this Jordanהַיַּרְדֵּ֥ןhai.yar.DenH3383.

3Yhwhיְהוָ֨הYah.wehH3068thy Godאֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ'e.lo.Hei.khaH430,he will go overעֹבֵ֣ר'o.VerH5674beforeלְפָנֶ֗יךָle.fa.Nei.khaH6440thee, andhe will destroyיַשְׁמִ֞ידyash.MidH8045these nationsהַגּוֹיִ֥םha.go.YimH1471from beforeמִלְּפָנֶ֖יךָmi.le.fa.Nei.khaH6440thee, and thou shalt possessוִֽירִשְׁתָּ֑םvi.rish.TamH3423them: andJoshuaיְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַye.ho.Shu.a'H3091,he shall go overעֹבֵ֣ר'o.VerH5674beforeלְפָנֶ֔יךָle.fa.Nei.khaH6440thee, as Yhwhיְהוָֽה׃Yah.wehH3068hath saidדִּבֶּ֥רdi.BerH1696.

4And Yhwhיְהוָה֙Yah.wehH3068shall doוְעָשָׂ֤הve.'a.SahH6213unto them as he didעָשָׂ֗ה'a.SahH6213to Sihonלְסִיח֥וֹןle.si.ChonH5511and to Ogוּלְע֛וֹגu.le.'ogH5747,kingsמַלְכֵ֥יmal.KheiH4428of the Amoritesהָאֱמֹרִ֖יha.'e.mo.RiH567,and unto the landוּלְאַרְצָ֑םu.le.'ar.TzamH776of them, whom he destroyedהִשְׁמִ֖ידhish.MidH8045.

5And Yhwhיְהוָ֖הYah.wehH3068shall give them upוּנְתָנָ֥םu.ne.ta.NamH5414before your faceלִפְנֵיכֶ֑םlif.nei.KhemH6440,that ye may doוַעֲשִׂיתֶ֣םva.'a.si.TemH6213unto them according unto all the commandmentsהַמִּצְוָ֔הha.mitz.VahH4687which I have commandedצִוִּ֖יתִיtzi.Vi.tiH6680you.

6Be strongחִזְק֣וּchiz.KuH2388and of a good courageוְאִמְצ֔וּve.'im.TzuH553,fearתִּֽירְא֥וּti.re.'UH3372not, nor be afraidתַּעַרְצ֖וּta.'ar.TzuH6206of themמִפְּנֵיהֶ֑םmi.pe.nei.HemH6440:for Yhwhיְהוָ֣הYah.wehH3068thy Godאֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ'e.lo.Hei.khaH430, he it isthat doth goהַהֹלֵ֣ךְha.ho.LekhH1980with thee; he will not failיַרְפְּךָ֖yar.pe.KhaH7503thee, nor forsakeיַעַזְבֶֽךָּ׃ פya.'az.Ve.kaH5800thee.

7And Mosesמֹשֶׁ֜הmo.ShehH4872calledוַיִּקְרָ֨אvai.yik.Ra'H7121unto Joshuaלִֽיהוֹשֻׁ֗עַli.ho.Shu.a'H3091,and saidוַיֹּ֨אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559unto him in the sightלְעֵינֵ֣יle.'ei.NeiH5869of all Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֘לYis.ra.'ElH3478,Be strongחֲזַ֣קcha.ZakH2388and of a good courageוֶאֱמָץ֒ve.'e.MatzH553:for thou must goתָּבוֹא֙ta.Vo'H935with this peopleהָעָ֣םha.'AmH5971unto the landהָאָ֕רֶץha.'A.retzH776which Yhwhיְהוָ֛הYah.wehH3068hath swornנִשְׁבַּ֧עnish.Ba'H7650unto their fathersלַאֲבֹתָ֖םla.'a.vo.TamH1to giveלָתֵ֣תla.TetH5414them; and thou shalt cause them to inheritתַּנְחִילֶ֥נָּהtan.chi.Le.nahH5157it.

8And Yhwhוַֽיהוָ֞הva.Yah.wehH3068, he it isthat doth goהַהֹלֵ֣ךְha.ho.LekhH1980beforeלְפָנֶ֗יךָle.fa.Nei.khaH6440thee; he will be with thee, he will not failיַרְפְּךָ֖yar.pe.KhaH7503thee, neither forsakeיַֽעַזְבֶ֑ךָּya.'az.Ve.kaH5800thee: fearתִירָ֖אti.Ra'H3372not, neither be dismayedתֵחָֽת׃te.ChatH2865.

9And Mosesמֹשֶׁה֮mo.ShehH4872wroteוַיִּכְתֹּ֣בvai.yikh.ToH3789this lawהַתּוֹרָ֣הha.to.RahH8451,and deliveredוַֽיִּתְּנָ֗הּvai.yi.te.NahH5414it unto the priestsהַכֹּהֲנִים֙ha.ko.ha.NimH3548the sonsבְּנֵ֣יbe.NeiH1121of LeviH3878,which bareהַנֹּ֣שְׂאִ֔יםha.No.se.'ImH5375the arkאֲר֖וֹן'a.RonH727of the covenantבְּרִ֣יתbe.RitH1285of Yhwhיְהוָ֑הYah.wehH3068,and unto all the eldersזִקְנֵ֖יzik.NeiH2205of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃Yis.ra.'ElH3478.

10And Mosesמֹשֶׁ֖הmo.ShehH4872commandedוַיְצַ֥וvay.TzavH6680them, sayingלֵאמֹ֑רle.MorH559,At the endמִקֵּ֣ץ׀mi.KetzH7093of everysevenשֶׁ֣בַעShe.va'H7651yearsשָׁנִ֗יםsha.NimH8141,in the solemnityבְּמֹעֵ֛דbe.mo.'EdH4150of the yearשְׁנַ֥תshe.NatH8141of releaseהַשְּׁמִטָּ֖הha.she.mi.TahH8059,in the feastבְּחַ֥גbe.ChagH2282of tabernaclesהַסֻּכּֽוֹת׃ha.su.KotH5521,

11When all Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֗לYis.ra.'ElH3478is comeבְּב֣וֹאbe.Vo'H935to appearלֵרָאוֹת֙le.ra.'OtH7200beforeפְּנֵי֙pe.NeiH6440Yhwhיְהוָ֣הYah.wehH3068thy Godאֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ'e.lo.Hei.khaH430in the placeבַּמָּק֖וֹםba.ma.KomH4725which he shall chooseיִבְחָ֑רyiv.CharH977,thou shalt readתִּקְרָ֞אtik.Ra'H7121this lawהַתּוֹרָ֥הha.to.RahH8451before all Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֖לYis.ra.'ElH3478in their hearingבְּאָזְנֵיהֶֽם׃be.'a.ze.nei.HemH241.

12GatherH6950the peopleהָעָ֗םha.'AmH5971togetherH6950,menהָֽאֲנָשִׁ֤יםha.'a.na.ShimH582,and womenוְהַנָּשִׁים֙ve.ha.na.ShimH802,and childrenוְהַטַּ֔ףve.ha.TafH2945,and thy strangerוְגֵרְךָ֖ve.ge.re.KhaH1616that iswithin thy gatesבִּשְׁעָרֶ֑יךָbish.'a.Rei.khaH8179,that they may hearיִשְׁמְע֜וּyish.me.'UH8085,and that they may learnיִלְמְד֗וּyil.me.DuH3925,and fearוְיָֽרְאוּ֙ve.ya.re.'UH3372Yhwhיְהוָ֣הYah.wehH3068your Godאֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם'e.lo.hei.KhemH430,and observeוְשָֽׁמְר֣וּve.sha.me.RuH8104to doלַעֲשׂ֔וֹתla.'a.SotH6213all the wordsדִּבְרֵ֖יdiv.ReiH1697of this lawהַתּוֹרָ֥הha.to.RahH8451:

13And thattheir childrenוּבְנֵיהֶ֞םu.ve.nei.HemH1121,which have not knownיָדְע֗וּya.de.'UH3045any thing,may hearיִשְׁמְעוּ֙yish.me.'UH8085,and learnוְלָ֣מְד֔וּve.La.me.DuH3925to fearלְיִרְאָ֖הle.yir.'AhH3372Yhwhיְהוָ֣הYah.wehH3068your Godאֱלֹהֵיכֶ֑ם'e.lo.hei.KhemH430,as long asהַיָּמִ֗יםhai.ya.MimH3117ye liveחַיִּים֙chai.YimH2416in the landהָ֣אֲדָמָ֔הha.'a.da.MahH127whither ye go overעֹבְרִ֧ים'oe.RimH5674Jordanהַיַּרְדֵּ֛ןhai.yar.DenH3383to possessלְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃ פle.rish.TahH3423it.

14And Yhwhיְהוָ֜הYah.wehH3068saidוַיֹּ֨אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559unto Mosesמֹשֶׁ֗הmo.ShehH4872,Behold, thy daysיָמֶיךָ֮ya.mei.KhaH3117approachקָרְב֣וּka.re.VuH7126that thou must dieלָמוּת֒la.MutH4191:callקְרָ֣אke.Ra'H7121Joshuaיְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַye.ho.Shu.a'H3091,and presentוְהִֽתְיַצְּב֛וּve.hit.ya.tze.VuH3320yourselves in the tabernacleבְּאֹ֥הֶלbe.'O.helH168of the congregationמוֹעֵ֖דmo.'EdH4150,that I may give him a chargeוַאֲצַוֶּ֑נּוּva.'a.tzav.Ve.nuH6680.And Mosesמֹשֶׁה֙mo.ShehH4872and Joshuaוִֽיהוֹשֻׁ֔עַvi.ho.Shu.a'H3091wentH3212,and presentedוַיִּֽתְיַצְּב֖וּvai.yit.ya.tze.VuH3320themselves in the tabernacleבְּאֹ֥הֶלbe.'O.helH168of the congregationמוֹעֵֽד׃mo.'EdH4150.

15And Yhwhיְהוָ֛הYah.wehH3068appearedוַיֵּרָ֧אvai.ye.Ra'H7200in the tabernacleבָּאֹ֖הֶלba.'O.helH168in a pillarבְּעַמּ֣וּדbe.'a.MudH5982of a cloudעָנָ֑ן'a.NanH6051:and the pillarעַמּ֥וּד'a.MudH5982of the cloudהֶעָנָ֖ןhe.'a.NanH6051stoodוַיַּעֲמֹ֛דvai.ya.'a.ModH5975over the doorפֶּ֥תַחPe.tachH6607of the tabernacleהָאֹֽהֶל׃ סha.'O.helH168.

16And Yhwhיְהוָה֙Yah.wehH3068saidוַיֹּ֤אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559unto Mosesמֹשֶׁ֔הmo.ShehH4872,Behold, thou shalt sleepשֹׁכֵ֖בsho.KhevH7901with thy fathersאֲבֹתֶ֑יךָ'a.vo.Tei.khaH1;and this peopleהָעָ֨םha.'AmH5971will rise upוְקָם֩ve.KamH6965,and go a whoringוְזָנָ֣ה׀ve.za.NahH2181afterאַחֲרֵ֣י׀'a.cha.ReiH310the godsאֱלֹהֵ֣י'e.lo.HeiH430of the strangersנֵֽכַר־ne.khar-H5236of the landהָאָ֗רֶץha.'A.retzH776,whither they goבָא־va'-H935to beamongבְּקִרְבּ֔וֹbe.kir.BoH7130them, and will forsakeוַעֲזָבַ֕נִיva.'a.za.Va.niH5800me, and breakוְהֵפֵר֙ve.he.FerH6565my covenantבְּרִיתִ֔יbe.ri.TiH1285which I have madeכָּרַ֖תִּיka.Ra.tiH3772with them.

17Then my angerאַפִּ֣י'a.PiH639shall be kindledוְחָרָ֣הve.cha.RahH2734against them in that dayבַיּוֹם־vai.yom-H3117,and I will forsakeוַעֲזַבְתִּ֞יםva.'a.zav.TimH5800them, and I will hideוְהִסְתַּרְתִּ֨יve.his.tar.TiH5641my faceפָנַ֤יfa.NaiH6440from them, and they shall be devouredלֶֽאֱכֹ֔לle.'e.KholH398,and manyרַבּ֖וֹתra.BotH7227evilsרָע֥וֹתra.'otH7451and troublesוְצָר֑וֹתve.tza.RotH6869shall befallוּמְצָאֻ֛הוּu.me.tza.'U.huH4672them; so that they will sayוְאָמַר֙ve.'a.MarH559in that dayבַּיּ֣וֹםbai.YomH3117,Are not these evilsהָרָע֥וֹתha.ra.'otH7451comeמְצָא֖וּנִיme.tza.'U.niH4672upon us, because our Godאֱלֹהַי֙'e.lo.HaiH430isnot amongבְּקִרְבִּ֔יbe.kir.BiH7130us?

18And I will surelyהַסְתֵּ֨רhas.TerH5641hideאַסְתִּ֤יר'as.TirH5641my faceפָּנַי֙pa.NaiH6440in that dayבַּיּ֣וֹםbai.YomH3117for all the evilsהָרָעָ֖הha.ra.'AhH7451which they shall have wroughtעָשָׂ֑ה'a.SahH6213,in thatכִּ֣יkiH3588they are turnedפָנָ֔הfa.NahH6437unto otherאֲחֵרִֽים׃'a.che.RimH312godsאֱלֹהִ֖ים'E.lo.HimH430.

19Now therefore writeכִּתְב֤וּkit.VuH3789ye this songהַשִּׁירָ֣הha.shi.RahH7892for you, and teachוְלַמְּדָ֥הּve.la.me.DahH3925it the childrenבְּנֵי־be.nei-H1121of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֖לYis.ra.'ElH3478:putשִׂימָ֣הּsi.MahH7760it in their mouthsבְּפִיהֶ֑םbe.fi.HemH6310,that this songהַשִּׁירָ֥הha.shi.RahH7892may be a witnessלְעֵ֖דle.'EdH5707for me against the childrenבִּבְנֵ֥יbiv.NeiH1121of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃Yis.ra.'ElH3478.

20For when I shall have broughtאֲבִיאֶ֜נּוּ'a.vi.'E.nuH935them into the landהָאֲדָמָ֣ה׀ha.'a.da.MahH127which I swareנִשְׁבַּ֣עְתִּיnish.Ba'.tiH7650unto their fathersלַאֲבֹתָ֗יוla.'a.vo.TavH1,that flowethזָבַ֤תza.VatH2100with milkחָלָב֙cha.LavH2461and honeyוּדְבַ֔שׁu.de.VashH1706;and they shall have eatenוְאָכַ֥לve.'a.KhalH398and filledוְשָׂבַ֖עve.sa.Va'H7646themselves, and waxen fatוְדָשֵׁ֑ןve.da.ShenH1878;then will they turnוּפָנָ֞הu.fa.NahH6437unto otherאֲחֵרִים֙'a.che.RimH312godsאֱלֹהִ֤ים'E.lo.HimH430,and serveוַעֲבָד֔וּםva.'a.va.DumH5647them, and provokeוְנִ֣אֲצ֔וּנִיve.Ni.'a.Tzu.niH5006me, and breakוְהֵפֵ֖רve.he.FerH6565my covenantבְּרִיתִֽי׃be.ri.TiH1285.

21And it shall come to pass, when manyרַבּוֹת֮ra.bOtH7227evilsרָע֣וֹתra.'otH7451and troublesוְצָרוֹת֒ve.tza.rOtH6869are befallenתִמְצֶ֨אןָtim.Tze.naH4672them, that this songהַשִּׁירָ֨הha.shi.RahH7892shall testifyוְ֠עָנְתָהVe.'a.ne.tahH6030againstלְפָנָיו֙le.fa.NavH6440them as a witnessלְעֵ֔דle.'EdH5707;for it shall not be forgottenתִשָּׁכַ֖חti.sha.KhachH7911out of the mouthsמִפִּ֣יmi.PiH6310of their seedזַרְע֑וֹzar.'OH2233:for I knowיָדַ֣עְתִּיya.Da'.tiH3045their imaginationיִצְר֗וֹyitz.RoH3336which they go aboutעֹשֶׂה֙'o.SehH6213,even nowהַיּ֔וֹםhai.YomH3117,before I have broughtאֲבִיאֶ֔נּוּ'a.vi.'E.nuH935them into the landהָאָ֖רֶץha.'A.retzH776which I swareנִשְׁבָּֽעְתִּי׃nish.Ba.'e.tiH7650.

22Mosesמֹשֶׁ֛הmo.ShehH4872therefore wroteוַיִּכְתֹּ֥בvai.yikh.ToH3789this songהַשִּׁירָ֥הha.shi.RahH7892the same dayבַּיּ֣וֹםbai.YomH3117,and taughtוַֽיְלַמְּדָ֖הּvay.la.me.DahH3925it the childrenבְּנֵ֥יbe.NeiH1121of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃Yis.ra.'ElH3478.

23And he gave Joshuaיְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַye.ho.Shu.a'H3091the sonבִּן־bin-H1121of Nunנ֗וּןNunH5126a chargeוַיְצַ֞וvay.TzavH6680,and saidוַיֹּאמֶר֮vai.yo.MerH559,Be strongחֲזַ֣קcha.ZakH2388and of a good courageוֶֽאֱמָץ֒ve.'e.MatzH553:for thou shalt bringתָּבִיא֙ta.Vi'H935the childrenבְּנֵ֣יbe.NeiH1121of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֔לYis.ra.'ElH3478into the landהָאָ֖רֶץha.'A.retzH776which I swareנִשְׁבַּ֣עְתִּיnish.Ba'.tiH7650unto them: and I will be with thee.

24And it came to pass, when Mosesמֹשֶׁ֗הmo.ShehH4872had made an endכְּכַלּ֣וֹתke.kha.LotH3615of writingלִכְתֹּ֛בlikh.ToH3789the wordsדִּבְרֵ֥יdiv.ReiH1697of this lawהַתּוֹרָֽה־ha.to.rah-H8451in a bookסֵ֑פֶרSe.ferH5612,until they were finishedתֻּמָּֽם׃tu.MamH8552,

25That Mosesמֹשֶׁה֙mo.ShehH4872commandedוַיְצַ֤וvay.TzavH6680the Levitesהַלְוִיִּ֔םhal.vi.YimH3881,which bareנֹ֥שְׂאֵ֛יno.se.'EiH5375the arkאֲר֥וֹן'a.RonH727of the covenantבְּרִית־be.rit-H1285of Yhwhיְהוָ֖הYah.wehH3068,sayingלֵאמֹֽר׃le.MorH559,

26Takeלָקֹ֗חַla.Ko.achH3947this bookסֵ֤פֶרSe.ferH5612of the lawהַתּוֹרָה֙ha.to.RahH8451,and putוְשַׂמְתֶּ֣םve.sam.TemH7760it in the sideמִצַּ֛דmi.TzadH6654of the arkאֲר֥וֹן'a.RonH727of the covenantבְּרִית־be.rit-H1285of Yhwhיְהוָ֖הYah.wehH3068your Godאֱלֹהֵיכֶ֑ם'e.lo.hei.KhemH430,that it may be there for a witnessלְעֵֽד׃le.'EdH5707against thee.

27For I knowיָדַ֙עְתִּי֙ya.Da'.tiH3045thy rebellionמֶרְיְךָ֔mer.ye.KhaH4805,and thy stiffהַקָּשֶׁ֑הha.ka.ShehH7186neckעָרְפְּךָ֖'a.re.pe.KhaH6203:behold, while I am yet aliveחַ֨יchaiH2416with you this dayהַיּ֗וֹםhai.YomH3117,ye have been rebelliousמַמְרִ֤יםmam.RimH4784against Yhwhיְהֹוָ֔הYah.wehH3068;and how much more afterאַחֲרֵ֥י'a.cha.ReiH310my deathמוֹתִֽי׃mo.TiH4194?

28Gatherהַקְהִ֧ילוּhak.Hi.luH6950unto me all the eldersזִקְנֵ֥יzik.NeiH2205of your tribesשִׁבְטֵיכֶ֖םshiv.tei.KhemH7626,and your officersוְשֹׁטְרֵיכֶ֑םve.sho.te.rei.KhemH7860,that I may speakוַאֲדַבְּרָ֣הva.'a.da.be.RahH1696these wordsהַדְּבָרִ֣יםha.de.va.RimH1697in their earsבְאָזְנֵיהֶ֗םve.'a.ze.nei.HemH241,and callוְאָעִ֣ידָהve.'a.'I.dahH5749heavenהַשָּׁמַ֖יִםha.sha.Ma.yimH8064and earthהָאָֽרֶץ׃ha.'A.retzH776to recordH5749against them.

29For I knowיָדַ֗עְתִּיya.Da'.tiH3045that afterאַחֲרֵ֤י'a.cha.ReiH310my deathמוֹתִי֙mo.TiH4194ye will utterlyהַשְׁחֵ֣תhash.ChetH7843corruptתַּשְׁחִת֔וּןtash.chi.TunH7843yourselves,and turn asideוְסַרְתֶּ֣םve.sar.TemH5493from the wayהַדֶּ֔רֶךְha.De.rekhH1870which I have commandedצִוִּ֖יתִיtzi.Vi.tiH6680you; and evilהָֽרָעָה֙ha.ra.'AhH7451will befallוְקָרָ֨אתve.ka.RatH7122you in the latterבְּאַחֲרִ֣יתbe.'a.cha.RitH319daysהַיָּמִ֔יםhai.ya.MimH3117;because ye will doתַעֲשׂ֤וּta.'a.SuH6213evilהָרַע֙ha.Ra'H7451in the sightבְּעֵינֵ֣יbe.'ei.NeiH5869of Yhwhיְהוָ֔הYah.wehH3068,to provoke him to angerלְהַכְעִיס֖וֹle.hakh.'i.SoH3707through the workבְּמַעֲשֵׂ֥הbe.ma.'a.SehH4639of your handsיְדֵיכֶֽם׃ye.dei.KhemH3027.

30And Mosesמֹשֶׁ֗הmo.ShehH4872spakeוַיְדַבֵּ֣רvay.da.BerH1696in the earsבְּאָזְנֵי֙be.'a.ze.NeiH241of all the congregationקְהַ֣לke.HalH6951of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֔לYis.ra.'ElH3478the wordsדִּבְרֵ֥יdiv.ReiH1697of this songהַשִּׁירָ֖הha.shi.RahH7892,until they were endedתֻּמָּֽם׃ פtu.MamH8552.

Commentaries on Deuteronomy 31