2 Chronicles 36:13

2 Chronicles 36:13 in other versions

• King James Version (KJV)And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God: but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart from turning unto the Lord God of Israel.
• New International Version (NIV)He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him take an oath in God’s name. He became stiff-necked and hardened his heart and would not turn to the Lord, the God of Israel.
• English Standard Version (ESV)He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God. He stiffened his neck and hardened his heart against turning to the Lord, the God of Israel.
• New King James Version (NKJV)And he also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear an oath by God; but he stiffened his neck and hardened his heart against turning to the Lord God of Israel.

Context of 2 Chronicles 36:13

11Zedekiah was twenty-one years old when he became king, and he reigned for eleven years in Jerusalem. 12He did evil in the sight of the Lord his God; he did not humble himself before Jeremiah the prophet who spoke for the Lord. He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear allegiance by God. But he stiffened his neck and hardened his heart against turning to the Lord God of Israel. 14Furthermore, all the officials of the priests and the people were very unfaithful, following all the abominations of the nations; and they defiled the house of the Lord which He had sanctified in Jerusalem. 15Yet the Lord, the God of their fathers, sent word to them again and again by His messengers, because He had compassion on His people and on His dwelling place;

2 Chronicles 36:13 word by word

וְ֠גַם בַּמֶּ֤לֶךְ נְבֽוּכַדְנֶאצַּר֙ מָרָ֔ד אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִשְׁבִּיע֖וֹ בֵּֽאלֹהִ֑ים וַיֶּ֤קֶשׁ אֶת־עָרְפּוֹ֙ וַיְאַמֵּ֣ץ אֶת־לְבָב֔וֹ מִשּׁ֕וּב אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃Read the interlinear

• He alsoגַּםgam · alsoH1571
• rebelledמָרַדmârad · to rebelH4775
• against Kingמֶ֫לֶךְmelek · kingH4428
• Nebuchadnezzarנְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּר, נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּרנבוּכדרא צּור נבוּכדראצּר · NebuchadnezzarH5019
• whoאֲשֶׁר'ăsher · whichH834
• had made him swearשָׁבַעshâba‛ · to swearH7650
• by Godאֱלֹהִים'ĕlôhîym · GodH430
• he stiffenedקָשָׁהqâshâh · to hardenH7185
• his neckעֹ֫רֶף‛ôreph · neckH6203
• and hardenedאָמֵץ'âmats · to strengthenH553
• his heartלֵבָבlêbâb · heartH3824
• againstמִן־min minnîy minnêy · fromH4480
• turningשׁוּבshûb · to return: turn backH7725
• to the Lordיְהֹוָהyehôvâh · LORDH3068
• of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵלyiώrâ'êl · IsraelH3478

Cross-references for 2 Chronicles 36:13

• 2 Kings 24:20For it was due to the anger of the Lord that this happened in Jerusalem and Judah, until He cast them out of His presence. And Zedekiah revolted against the king of Babylon.
• Jeremiah 52:2He did evil in the sight of the Lord, in accordance with everything that Jehoiakim had done.
• Ezekiel 17:11Moreover, the word of the Lord came to me, saying,
• Joshua 9:15And Joshua made peace with them and made a covenant with them, to let them live; and the leaders of the congregation swore an oath to them.
• 2 Samuel 21:2So the king called the Gibeonites and spoke to them (now the Gibeonites were not of the sons of Israel, but of the remnant of the Amorites, and the sons of Israel had made a covenant with them, but Saul had sought to kill them in his zeal for the sons of Israel and Judah).
• 2 Kings 17:4But the king of Assyria uncovered a conspiracy by Hoshea, who had sent messengers to So, king of Egypt, and had then brought no tribute to the king of Assyria, as he had done year by year; so the king of Assyria arrested him and confined him in prison.
• Nehemiah 9:16“But they, our fathers, acted arrogantly; They became stubborn and would not listen to Your commandments.
• Isaiah 48:4Because I know that you are obstinate, And your neck is an iron tendon And your forehead bronze,
• Exodus 8:15But when Pharaoh saw that there was relief, he hardened his heart and did not listen to them, just as the Lord had said.
• Exodus 9:17Still you exalt yourself against My people by not letting them go.
• Nehemiah 9:29And admonished them in order to turn them back to Your Law. Yet they acted arrogantly and did not listen to Your commandments but sinned against Your ordinances, Which, if a person follows them, then he will live by them. And they turned a stubborn shoulder and stiffened their neck, and would not listen.
• Romans 2:4Or do you think lightly of the riches of His kindness and restraint and patience, not knowing that the kindness of God leads you to repentance?
• Hebrews 3:8Do not harden your hearts as when they provoked Me, As on the day of trial in the wilderness,

Commentaries on 2 Chronicles 36:13

• Barnes’ Notes on the Bible · v. 13The oath of allegiance was taken when he was first installed in his kingdom. On Zedekiah‘s sin in breaking his oath, see Ezekiel 17:18-20; Ezekiel 21:25.Read the comment
• Tyndale Open Study Notes · v. 13swear by God: The vassal oath given to him was likely similar to those from Assyrian treaties, sworn in the name of the vassal's god.Read the comment
• Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary · v. 1313. who had made him swear by God--Zedekiah received his crown on the express condition of taking a solemn oath of fealty to the king of Babylon (Eze 17:13); so that his revolt by joining in a league with Pharaoh-hophra, king of Egypt, involved the crime of perjury. His own pride and obdurate impiety, the incurable idolatry of the nation, and their reckless disregard of prophetic warnings, brought down on his already sadly reduced kingdom the long…Read the comment

Topics related to 2 Chronicles 36:13

• Assyria
• Falsehood
• Impenitence
• Israel, Prophecies Concerning
• Nebuchadnezzar
• Oath
• Perjury
• Rulers
• Self-Will
• Zedekiah

In the dictionaries

• God
• Israel
• Nebuchadnezzar
• Condemn
• Heart
• Jerusalem
• Put
• Esdras, the First Book of
• Neck
• Stiff-Necked

Commentaries on 2 Chronicles 36

• Adam Clarke Bible Commentary
• Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
• Matthew Henry Concise Commentary
• Tyndale Open Study Notes
• Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary
• Rashi on Tanakh
• Keil & Delitzsch Commentary
• John Wesley’s Notes
• Darby Translation Notes
• Geneva Bible Translation Notes
• Kingcomments
• Matthew Henry’s Complete Commentary
• Matthew Henry’s Modern English Commentary
• Scofield Reference Notes, 1917 Edition
• Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary
• EGW Writings