2 Chronicles 36:13

2 Chronicles 36:13 in other versions

• King James Version (KJV)And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God: but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart from turning unto the Lord God of Israel.
• New International Version (NIV)He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him take an oath in God’s name. He became stiff-necked and hardened his heart and would not turn to the Lord, the God of Israel.
• English Standard Version (ESV)He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God. He stiffened his neck and hardened his heart against turning to the Lord, the God of Israel.
• New King James Version (NKJV)And he also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear an oath by God; but he stiffened his neck and hardened his heart against turning to the Lord God of Israel.

Context of 2 Chronicles 36:13

11Zedekiah was twenty-one years old when he began to reign; and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. 12And he did evil in the sight of Jehovah his God; he humbled not himself before the prophet Jeremiah speaking from the mouth of Jehovah. And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him take oath by God; and he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart from returning to Jehovah the God of Israel. 14All the chiefs of the priests also, and the people, increased their transgressions, according to all the abominations of the nations; and they defiled the house of Jehovah which he had hallowed in Jerusalem. 15And Jehovah the God of their fathers sent to them by his messengers, rising up early and sending; because he had compassion on his people and on his dwelling-place.

2 Chronicles 36:13 word by word

וְ֠גַם בַּמֶּ֤לֶךְ נְבֽוּכַדְנֶאצַּר֙ מָרָ֔ד אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִשְׁבִּיע֖וֹ בֵּֽאלֹהִ֑ים וַיֶּ֤קֶשׁ אֶת־עָרְפּוֹ֙ וַיְאַמֵּ֣ץ אֶת־לְבָב֔וֹ מִשּׁ֕וּב אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃Read the interlinear

• alsoגַּםgam · alsoH1571
• rebelledמָרַדmârad · to rebelH4775
• kingמֶ֫לֶךְmelek · kingH4428
• Nebuchadnezzarנְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּר, נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּרנבוּכדרא צּור נבוּכדראצּר · NebuchadnezzarH5019
• madeאָמֵץ'âmats · to strengthenH553
• oathשָׁבַעshâba‛ · to swearH7650
• Godאֱלֹהִים'ĕlôhîym · GodH430
• stiffenedקָשָׁהqâshâh · to hardenH7185
• neckעֹ֫רֶף‛ôreph · neckH6203
• heartלֵבָבlêbâb · heartH3824
• returningשׁוּבshûb · to return: returnH7725
• Israelיִשְׂרָאֵלyiώrâ'êl · IsraelH3478

Cross-references for 2 Chronicles 36:13

• 2 Kings 24:20For, because the anger of Jehovah was against Jerusalem and against Judah, until he had cast them out from his presence, Zedekiah rebelled against the king of Babylon.
• Jeremiah 52:2And he did evil in the sight of Jehovah, according to all that Jehoiakim had done.
• Ezekiel 17:11And the word of Jehovah came unto me, saying,
• Joshua 9:15And Joshua made peace with them, and made a covenant with them, to let them live; and the princes of the assembly swore unto them.
• 2 Samuel 21:2And the king called the Gibeonites, and spoke to them. (Now the Gibeonites were not of the children of Israel, but of the remainder of the Amorites; and the children of Israel had sworn to them; and Saul sought to smite them in his zeal for the children of Israel and Judah.)
• 2 Kings 17:4But the king of Assyria found conspiracy in Hoshea; for he had sent messengers to So king of Egypt, and sent up no present to the king of Assyria as [he had done] from year to year. And the king of Assyria shut him up and bound him in prison.
• Nehemiah 9:16But they, our fathers, dealt proudly, and hardened their neck, and hearkened not to thy commandments,
• Isaiah 48:4Because I knew that thou art obstinate, and thy neck is an iron sinew, and thy brow brass,
• Exodus 8:15And Pharaoh saw that there was respite; and he hardened his heart, and hearkened not to them, as Jehovah had said.
• Exodus 9:17Dost thou still exalt thyself against my people, that thou wilt not let them go?
• Nehemiah 9:29And thou testifiedst against them, that thou mightest bring them again unto thy law; but they dealt proudly, and hearkened not unto thy commandments, but sinned against thine ordinances (which if a man do, he shall live in them); and they withdrew the shoulder, and hardened their neck, and would not hear.
• Romans 2:4or despisest thou the riches of his goodness, and forbearance, and long-suffering, not knowing that the goodness of God leads thee to repentance?
• Hebrews 3:8harden not your hearts, as in the provocation, in the day of temptation in the wilderness;

Commentaries on 2 Chronicles 36:13

• Barnes’ Notes on the Bible · v. 13The oath of allegiance was taken when he was first installed in his kingdom. On Zedekiah‘s sin in breaking his oath, see Ezekiel 17:18-20; Ezekiel 21:25.Read the comment
• Tyndale Open Study Notes · v. 13swear by God: The vassal oath given to him was likely similar to those from Assyrian treaties, sworn in the name of the vassal's god.Read the comment
• Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary · v. 1313. who had made him swear by God--Zedekiah received his crown on the express condition of taking a solemn oath of fealty to the king of Babylon (Eze 17:13); so that his revolt by joining in a league with Pharaoh-hophra, king of Egypt, involved the crime of perjury. His own pride and obdurate impiety, the incurable idolatry of the nation, and their reckless disregard of prophetic warnings, brought down on his already sadly reduced kingdom the long…Read the comment

Topics related to 2 Chronicles 36:13

• Assyria
• Falsehood
• Impenitence
• Israel, Prophecies Concerning
• Nebuchadnezzar
• Oath
• Perjury
• Rulers
• Self-Will
• Zedekiah

In the dictionaries

• God
• Israel
• Nebuchadnezzar
• Condemn
• Heart
• Jerusalem
• Put
• Esdras, the First Book of
• Neck
• Stiff-Necked

Commentaries on 2 Chronicles 36

• Adam Clarke Bible Commentary
• Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
• Matthew Henry Concise Commentary
• Tyndale Open Study Notes
• Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary
• Rashi on Tanakh
• Keil & Delitzsch Commentary
• John Wesley’s Notes
• Darby Translation Notes
• Geneva Bible Translation Notes
• Kingcomments
• Matthew Henry’s Complete Commentary
• Matthew Henry’s Modern English Commentary
• Scofield Reference Notes, 1917 Edition
• Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary
• EGW Writings