English Standard Version
2 Chronicles 36:13
13He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God. He stiffened his neck and hardened his heart against turning to the Lord, the God of Israel.
2 Chronicles 36:13 in other versions
- King James Version (KJV)And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God: but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart from turning unto the Lord God of Israel.
- New International Version (NIV)He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him take an oath in God’s name. He became stiff-necked and hardened his heart and would not turn to the Lord, the God of Israel.
- New King James Version (NKJV)And he also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear an oath by God; but he stiffened his neck and hardened his heart against turning to the Lord God of Israel.
- New Living Translation (NLT)He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, even though he had taken an oath of loyalty in God’s name. Zedekiah was a hard and stubborn man, refusing to turn to the Lord, the God of Israel.
Context of 2 Chronicles 36:13
11Zedekiah was twenty-one years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. 12He did what was evil in the sight of the Lord his God. He did not humble himself before Jeremiah the prophet, who spoke from the mouth of the Lord. He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God. He stiffened his neck and hardened his heart against turning to the Lord, the God of Israel. 14All the officers of the priests and the people likewise were exceedingly unfaithful, following all the abominations of the nations. And they polluted the house of the Lord that he had made holy in Jerusalem. 15The Lord, the God of their fathers, sent persistently to them by his messengers, because he had compassion on his people and on his dwelling place.
Read all of 2 Chronicles 362 Chronicles 36:13 word by word
וְ֠גַם בַּמֶּ֤לֶךְ נְבֽוּכַדְנֶאצַּר֙ מָרָ֔ד אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִשְׁבִּיע֖וֹ בֵּֽאלֹהִ֑ים וַיֶּ֤קֶשׁ אֶת־עָרְפּוֹ֙ וַיְאַמֵּ֣ץ אֶת־לְבָב֔וֹ מִשּׁ֕וּב אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃Read the interlinear
Words taken from the KJV.
- And he also rebelledמָרַדmârad · to rebelH4775
- against kingמֶ֫לֶךְmelek · kingH4428
- Nebuchadnezzarנְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּר, נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּרנבוּכדרא צּור נבוּכדראצּר · NebuchadnezzarH5019
- who had made him swearשָׁבַעshâba‛ · to swearH7650
- by Godאֱלֹהִים'ĕlôhîym · GodH430
- but he stiffenedקָשָׁהqâshâh · to hardenH7185
- his neckעֹ֫רֶף‛ôreph · neckH6203
- and hardenedאָמֵץ'âmats · to strengthenH553
- his heartלֵבָבlêbâb · heartH3824
- from turningשׁוּבshûb · to return: turn backH7725
- unto the Lordיְהֹוָהyehôvâh · LORDH3068
- of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵלyiώrâ'êl · IsraelH3478
Cross-references for 2 Chronicles 36:13
- 2 Kings 24:20For because of the anger of the Lord it came to the point in Jerusalem and Judah that he cast them out from his presence. And Zedekiah rebelled against the king of Babylon.
- Jeremiah 52:2And he did what was evil in the sight of the Lord, according to all that Jehoiakim had done.
- Ezekiel 17:11Then the word of the Lord came to me:
- Joshua 9:15And Joshua made peace with them and made a covenant with them, to let them live, and the leaders of the congregation swore to them.
- 2 Samuel 21:2So the king called the Gibeonites and spoke to them. Now the Gibeonites were not of the people of Israel but of the remnant of the Amorites. Although the people of Israel had sworn to spare them, Saul had sought to strike them down in his zeal for the people of Israel and Judah.
- 2 Kings 17:4But the king of Assyria found treachery in Hoshea, for he had sent messengers to So, king of Egypt, and offered no tribute to the king of Assyria, as he had done year by year. Therefore the king of Assyria shut him up and bound him in prison.
- Nehemiah 9:16"But they and our fathers acted presumptuously and stiffened their neck and did not obey your commandments.
- Isaiah 48:4Because I know that you are obstinate, and your neck is an iron sinew and your forehead brass,
- Exodus 8:15But when Pharaoh saw that there was a respite, he hardened his heart and would not listen to them, as the Lord had said.
- Exodus 9:17You are still exalting yourself against my people and will not let them go.
- Nehemiah 9:29And you warned them in order to turn them back to your law. Yet they acted presumptuously and did not obey your commandments, but sinned against your rules, which if a person does them, he shall live by them, and they turned a stubborn shoulder and stiffened their neck and would not obey.
- Romans 2:4Or do you presume on the riches of his kindness and forbearance and patience, not knowing that God's kindness is meant to lead you to repentance?
- Hebrews 3:8do not harden your hearts as in the rebellion, on the day of testing in the wilderness,
Commentaries on 2 Chronicles 36:13
- Barnes’ Notes on the Bible · v. 13The oath of allegiance was taken when he was first installed in his kingdom. On Zedekiah‘s sin in breaking his oath, see Ezekiel 17:18-20; Ezekiel 21:25.Read the comment
- Tyndale Open Study Notes · v. 13swear by God: The vassal oath given to him was likely similar to those from Assyrian treaties, sworn in the name of the vassal's god.Read the comment
- Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary · v. 1313. who had made him swear by God--Zedekiah received his crown on the express condition of taking a solemn oath of fealty to the king of Babylon (Eze 17:13); so that his revolt by joining in a league with Pharaoh-hophra, king of Egypt, involved the crime of perjury. His own pride and obdurate impiety, the incurable idolatry of the nation, and their reckless disregard of prophetic warnings, brought down on his already sadly reduced kingdom the long…Read the comment
Topics related to 2 Chronicles 36:13
In the dictionaries
Commentaries on 2 Chronicles 36
- Adam Clarke Bible Commentary
- Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
- Matthew Henry Concise Commentary
- Tyndale Open Study Notes
- Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary
- Rashi on Tanakh
- Keil & Delitzsch Commentary
- John Wesley’s Notes
- Darby Translation Notes
- Geneva Bible Translation Notes
- Kingcomments
- Matthew Henry’s Complete Commentary
- Matthew Henry’s Modern English Commentary
- Scofield Reference Notes, 1917 Edition
- Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary
- EGW Writings
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Commentaries