2 Chronicles 36:13

2 Chronicles 36:13 in other versions

• King James Version (KJV)And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God: but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart from turning unto the Lord God of Israel.
• New International Version (NIV)He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him take an oath in God’s name. He became stiff-necked and hardened his heart and would not turn to the Lord, the God of Israel.
• English Standard Version (ESV)He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God. He stiffened his neck and hardened his heart against turning to the Lord, the God of Israel.
• New King James Version (NKJV)And he also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear an oath by God; but he stiffened his neck and hardened his heart against turning to the Lord God of Israel.

Context of 2 Chronicles 36:13

11Zedekiah was twenty-one years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem eleven years. 12And he did evil in the sight of the LORD his God and did not humble himself before Jeremiah the prophet, who spoke for the LORD. He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God. But Zedekiah stiffened his neck and hardened his heart against turning to the LORD, the God of Israel. 14Furthermore, all the leaders of the priests and the people multiplied their unfaithful deeds, following all the abominations of the nations, and they defiled the house of the LORD, which He had consecrated in Jerusalem. 15Again and again the LORD, the God of their fathers, sent word to His people through His messengers because He had compassion on them and on His dwelling place.

2 Chronicles 36:13 word by word

וְ֠גַם בַּמֶּ֤לֶךְ נְבֽוּכַדְנֶאצַּר֙ מָרָ֔ד אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִשְׁבִּיע֖וֹ בֵּֽאלֹהִ֑ים וַיֶּ֤קֶשׁ אֶת־עָרְפּוֹ֙ וַיְאַמֵּ֣ץ אֶת־לְבָב֔וֹ מִשּׁ֕וּב אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃Read the interlinear

• He alsoגַּםgam · alsoH1571
• rebelledמָרַדmârad · to rebelH4775
• against Kingמֶ֫לֶךְmelek · kingH4428
• Nebuchadnezzarנְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּר, נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּרנבוּכדרא צּור נבוּכדראצּר · NebuchadnezzarH5019
• whoאֲשֶׁר'ăsher · whichH834
• had made him swearשָׁבַעshâba‛ · to swearH7650
• by Godאֱלֹהִים'ĕlôhîym · GodH430
• But Zedekiah stiffenedקָשָׁהqâshâh · to hardenH7185
• ·אֵת'êth · [Obj.]H853
• his neckעֹ֫רֶף‛ôreph · neckH6203
• and hardenedאָמֵץ'âmats · to strengthenH553
• his heartלֵבָבlêbâb · heartH3824
• against turningשׁוּבshûb · to return: turn backH7725
• toאֶל'êl 'el · to(wards)H413
• the LORDיְהֹוָהyehôvâh · LORDH3068
• of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵלyiώrâ'êl · IsraelH3478

Cross-references for 2 Chronicles 36:13

• 2 Kings 24:20For because of the anger of the LORD, all this happened in Jerusalem and Judah, until He finally banished them from His presence. And Zedekiah also rebelled against the king of Babylon.
• Jeremiah 52:2And Zedekiah did evil in the sight of the LORD, just as Jehoiakim had done.
• Ezekiel 17:11Then the word of the LORD came to me, saying,
• Joshua 9:15And Joshua made a treaty of peace with them to let them live, and the leaders of the congregation swore an oath to them.
• 2 Samuel 21:2At this, David summoned the Gibeonites and spoke to them. (Now the Gibeonites were not Israelites, but a remnant of the Amorites. The Israelites had taken an oath concerning them, but in his zeal for Israel and Judah, Saul had sought to kill them.)
• 2 Kings 17:4But the king of Assyria discovered that Hoshea had conspired to send envoys to King So of Egypt, and that he had not paid tribute to the king of Assyria as in previous years. Therefore the king of Assyria arrested Hoshea and put him in prison.
• Nehemiah 9:16But they and our fathers became arrogant and stiff-necked and did not obey Your commandments.
• Isaiah 48:4For I knew that you are stubborn; your neck is iron and your forehead is bronze.
• Exodus 8:15When Pharaoh saw that there was relief, however, he hardened his heart and would not listen to Moses and Aaron, just as the LORD had said.
• Exodus 9:17Still, you lord it over My people and do not allow them to go.
• Nehemiah 9:29You admonished them to turn back to Your law, but they were arrogant and disobeyed Your commandments. They sinned against Your ordinances, by which a man will live if he practices them. They turned a stubborn shoulder; they stiffened their necks and would not obey.
• Romans 2:4Or do you disregard the riches of His kindness, tolerance, and patience, not realizing that God’s kindness leads you to repentance?
• Hebrews 3:8do not harden your hearts, as you did in the rebellion, in the day of testing in the wilderness,

Commentaries on 2 Chronicles 36:13

• Barnes’ Notes on the Bible · v. 13The oath of allegiance was taken when he was first installed in his kingdom. On Zedekiah‘s sin in breaking his oath, see Ezekiel 17:18-20; Ezekiel 21:25.Read the comment
• Tyndale Open Study Notes · v. 13swear by God: The vassal oath given to him was likely similar to those from Assyrian treaties, sworn in the name of the vassal's god.Read the comment
• Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary · v. 1313. who had made him swear by God--Zedekiah received his crown on the express condition of taking a solemn oath of fealty to the king of Babylon (Eze 17:13); so that his revolt by joining in a league with Pharaoh-hophra, king of Egypt, involved the crime of perjury. His own pride and obdurate impiety, the incurable idolatry of the nation, and their reckless disregard of prophetic warnings, brought down on his already sadly reduced kingdom the long…Read the comment

Topics related to 2 Chronicles 36:13

• Assyria
• Falsehood
• Impenitence
• Israel, Prophecies Concerning
• Nebuchadnezzar
• Oath
• Perjury
• Rulers
• Self-Will
• Zedekiah

In the dictionaries

• God
• Israel
• Nebuchadnezzar
• Nebuchadnezzar; Nebuchadrezzar
• Nebuchadnezzar, or Nebuchadrezzar
• Israel, Israelites
• Jacob, Israel
• god, false god, goddess, idol, idolater, idolatrous, idolatry
• Condemn
• Heart

Commentaries on 2 Chronicles 36

• Adam Clarke Bible Commentary
• Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
• Matthew Henry Concise Commentary
• Tyndale Open Study Notes
• Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary
• Rashi on Tanakh
• Keil & Delitzsch Commentary
• John Wesley’s Notes
• Darby Translation Notes
• Geneva Bible Translation Notes
• Kingcomments
• Matthew Henry’s Complete Commentary
• Matthew Henry’s Modern English Commentary
• Scofield Reference Notes, 1917 Edition
• Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary
• EGW Writings