Berean Standard Bible
1 Chronicles 19
(2 Samuel 10:1–8)
1וַיְהִי֙vay.HiH1961Some time laterאַחֲרֵי־ כֵ֔ן'a.cha.rei- KhenH310H3651,Nahashנָחָ֖שׁna.ChashH5176kingמֶ֣לֶךְMe.lekhH4428of the Ammonitesבְּנֵי־ עַמּ֑וֹןbe.nei- a.MonH1121H5983diedוַיָּ֕מָתvai.Ya.motH4191and was succeeded byוַיִּמְלֹ֥ךְ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃vai.yim.Lokh tach.TavH4427H8478his sonבְּנ֖וֹbe.NoH1121.
2And Davidדָּוִ֜ידda.VidH1732saidוַיֹּ֨אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559, “I will showאֶֽעֱשֶׂה־'e.'e.seh-H6213kindnessחֶ֣סֶד׀Che.sedH2617toעִם־'im-H5973Hanunחָנ֣וּןcha.NunH2586sonבֶּן־ben-H1121of Nahashנָחָ֗שׁna.ChashH5176,becauseכִּֽי־ki-H3588his fatherאָבִ֤יו'a.VivH1showedעָשָׂ֨ה'a.SahH6213kindnessחֶ֔סֶדChe.sedH2617to meעִמִּי֙'i.MiH5973.”So Davidדָּוִ֛ידda.VidH1732sentוַיִּשְׁלַ֥חvai.yish.LachH7971messengersמַלְאָכִ֖יםmal.'a.KhimH4397to consoleלְנַחֲמ֣וֹle.na.cha.MoH5162Hanunconcerningעַל־'al-H5921his fatherאָבִ֑יו'a.VivH1.But when David’sדָוִ֜ידda.VidH1732servantsעַבְדֵ֨י'av.DeiH5650arrivedוַיָּבֹאוּ֩vai.ya.vo.'UH935inאֶל־'el-H413the landאֶ֧רֶץ'E.retzH776of the Ammonitesבְּנֵי־ עַמּ֛וֹן אֶל־ חָנ֖וּןbe.nei- a.Mon 'el- cha.NunH1121H5983H413H2586to console himלְנַחֲמֽוֹ׃le.na.cha.MoH5162,
3the princesשָׂרֵ֨יsa.ReiH8269of the Ammonitesבְנֵי־ עַמּ֜וֹןve.nei- a.MonH1121H5983saidוַיֹּאמְרוּ֩vai.yo.me.RuH559to Hanunלְחָנ֗וּןle.cha.NunH2586, “Just becauseכִּֽי־ki-H3588David has sentשָׁלַ֥חsha.LachH7971youcomfortersמְנַחֲמִ֑יםme.na.cha.MimH5162,do you really believeבְּעֵינֶ֔יךָbe.'ei.Nei.khaH5869he isדָּוִ֤ידda.VidH1732אֶת־'et-H853showing respectהַֽמְכַבֵּ֨דham.kha.BedH3513for your fatherאָבִ֙יךָ֙'a.Vi.khaH1?Have notהֲלֹ֡אha.Lo'H3808his servantsעֲבָדָ֖יו'a.va.DavH5650comeבָּ֥אוּBa.'uH935to youאֵלֶֽיךָ׃ פ'e.Lei.khaH413to exploreבַּ֠עֲבוּר לַחְקֹ֨רBa.'a.vur lach.KorH5668H2713the landהָאָ֔רֶץha.'A.retzH776,spy it outוּלְרַגֵּל֙u.le.ra.GelH7270,and overthrow itוְלַהֲפֹ֤ךְve.la.ha.FokhH2015?”
4So Hanunחָנ֜וּןcha.NunH2586אֶת־'et-H853tookוַיִּקַּ֨חvai.yi.KachH3947David’sדָוִיד֙da.VidH1732servantsעַבְדֵ֤י'av.DeiH5650,shavedוַֽיְגַלְּחֵ֔םvay.ga.le.ChemH1548their beards,cut offוַיִּכְרֹ֧תvai.yikh.RotH3772אֶת־'et-H853their garmentsמַדְוֵיהֶ֛םmad.vei.HemH4063atבַּחֵ֖צִי עַד־ba.Che.tzi 'ad-H2677H5704the hipsהַמִּפְשָׂעָ֑הha.mif.sa.'AhH4667,and sent them awayוַֽיְשַׁלְּחֵֽם׃Vay.sha.le.ChemH7971.
5When someone cameוַיֵּלְכוּ֩vai.ye.le.KhuH1980and toldוַיַּגִּ֨ידוּvai.ya.Gi.duH5046Davidלְדָוִ֤ידle.da.VidH1732aboutעַל־'al-H5921his menהָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙ha.'a.na.ShimH582,he sentוַיִּשְׁלַ֣חvai.yish.LachH7971messengers to meet themלִקְרָאתָ֔םlik.ra.TamH7122,sinceכִּי־ki-H3588the menהָאֲנָשִׁ֖יםha.'a.na.ShimH582had beenהָי֥וּha.YuH1961thoroughlyמְאֹ֑דme.'OdH3966humiliatedנִכְלָמִ֣יםnikh.la.MimH3637.The kingהַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ha.Me.lekhH4428told themוַיֹּ֤אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559, “Stayשְׁב֣וּshe.VuH3427in Jerichoבִֽירֵח֔וֹvi.re.ChoH3405untilעַ֛ד'adH5704אֲשֶׁר־'a.Sher-H834your beardsזְקַנְכֶ֖םze.kan.KhemH2206have grown backיְצַמַּ֥חye.tza.MachH6779,and then returnוְשַׁבְתֶּֽם׃ve.shav.TemH7725.”
6When the Ammonitesבְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן כִּ֥יbe.Nei a.Mon kiH1121H5983H3588realized thatוַיִּרְאוּ֙vai.yir.'UH7200they had become a stenchהִֽתְבָּאֲשׁ֖וּhit.ba.'a.ShuH887toעִם־'im-H5973Davidדָּוִ֑ידda.VidH1732,Hanunחָ֠נוּןCha.nunH2586and the Ammonitesוּבְנֵ֨י עַמּ֜וֹןu.ve.Nei a.MonH1121H5983sentוַיִּשְׁלַ֣חvai.yish.LachH7971a thousandאֶ֣לֶף'E.lefH505talentsכִּכַּר־ki.kar-H3603of silverכֶּ֗סֶףKe.sefH3701to hireלִשְׂכֹּ֣רlis.KorH7936for themselveschariotsרֶ֖כֶבRe.khevH7393and horsemenוּפָרָשִֽׁים׃u.fa.ra.ShimH6571fromמִן־min-H4480Aram-naharaimוּמִן־ אֲרַ֤םu.min- 'a.RamH763H4480H758,Aram-maacahמַעֲכָה֙ma.'a.KhahH4601,and Zobahוּמִצּוֹבָ֔הu.mi.tzo.VahH6678.
7So they hiredוַיִּשְׂכְּר֣וּvai.yis.ke.RuH7936for themselvesthirty-twoשְׁנַיִם֩ וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֨יםshe.na.Yim u.she.lo.ShimH8147H7970thousandאֶ֜לֶף'E.lefH505chariotsרֶ֗כֶבRe.khevH7393,as well asוְאֶת־ve.'EtH853the kingמֶ֤לֶךְMe.lekhH4428of Maacahמַעֲכָה֙ma.'a.KhahH4601וְאֶת־ve.'EtH853with his troopsעַמּ֔וֹa.MoH5971,who cameוַיָּבֹ֕אוּvai.ya.Vo.'uH935and campedוַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּvai.ya.cha.NuH2583nearלִפְנֵ֣יlif.NeiH6440Medebaמֵידְבָ֑אmeid.Va'H4311while the Ammonitesוּבְנֵ֣י עַמּ֗וֹןu.ve.Nei a.MonH1121H5983were mustered from their citiesמֵעָ֣רֵיהֶ֔ם וַיָּבֹ֖אוּme.'A.rei.Hem vai.ya.Vo.'uH5892H935and marched outנֶאֶסְפוּ֙ne.'es.FuH622for battleלַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ פla.mil.cha.MahH4421.
9The Ammonitesבְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹןbe.Nei a.MonH1121H5983marched outוַיֵּצְאוּ֙vai.ye.tze.'UH3318and arrayed themselvesוַיַּֽעַרְכ֥וּvai.ya.'ar.KhuH6186for battleמִלְחָמָ֖הmil.cha.MahH4421at the entranceפֶּ֣תַחPe.tachH6607to the cityהָעִ֑ירha.'IrH5892,while the kingsוְהַמְּלָכִ֣יםve.ha.me.la.KhimH4428whoאֲשֶׁר־'a.Sher-H834had comeבָּ֔אוּBa.'uH935stayed by themselvesלְבַדָּ֖םle.va.DamH905in the open countryבַּשָּׂדֶֽה׃ba.sa.DehH7704.
David Defeats Ammon and Aram
(2 Samuel 10:9–19)
10When Joabיוֹאָ֗בyo.'AvH3097sawוַיַּ֣רְאvai.Yar'H7200כִּֽי־ki-H3588הָיְתָ֧הha.ye.TahH1961the battle linesהַמִּלְחָמָ֛הha.mil.cha.MahH4421אֵלָ֖יו'e.LavH413before himפְנֵי־fe.nei-H6440פָּנִ֣יםpa.NimH6440and behind himוְאָח֑וֹרve.'a.ChorH268,he selectedוַיִּבְחַ֗רvai.yiv.CharH977some ofמִכָּל־mi.kolH3605the bestבָּחוּר֙ba.ChurH977men of Israelבְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔לbe.Yis.ra.'ElH3478and arrayed themוַֽיַּעֲרֹ֖ךְvai.ya.'a.RokhH6186againstלִקְרַ֥אתlik.RatH7122the Arameansאֲרָֽם׃'a.RamH758.
11Andוְאֵת֙ve.'EtH853he placedנָתַ֕ןna.TanH5414the restיֶ֣תֶרYe.terH3499of the troopsהָעָ֔םha.'AmH5971under the commandבְּיַ֖דbe.YadH3027of his brotherאָחִ֑יו'a.ChivH251Abishaiאַבְשַׁ֣י'av.ShaiH52,who arrayed themוַיַּ֣עַרְכ֔וּvai.Ya.'ar.KhuH6186againstלִקְרַ֖אתlik.RatH7122the Ammonitesבְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃be.Nei a.MonH1121H5983.
12“Ifאִם־'im-H518the Arameansאֲרָ֔ם'a.RamH758are too strongתֶּחֱזַ֤קte.che.ZakH2388for meמִמֶּ֙נִּי֙mi.Me.niH4480,”said Joabוַיֹּ֗אמֶרvai.Yo.merH559, “then you will comeוְהָיִ֥יתָve.ha.Yi.taH1961to myrescueלִתְשׁוּעָ֑ה סlit.shu.'AhH8668.And ifוְאִם־ve.'im-H518the Ammonitesבְּנֵ֥י עַמּ֛וֹןbe.Nei a.MonH1121H5983are too strongיֶֽחֶזְק֥וּye.chez.KuH2388for youמִמְּךָ֖mi.me.KhaH4480,then I will come to your rescueוְהוֹשַׁעְתִּֽיךָ׃ve.ho.sha'.Ti.khaH3467.
13Be strongחֲזַ֤קcha.ZakH2388and let us fight bravelyוְנִֽתְחַזְּקָה֙ve.nit.cha.ze.KahH2388forבְּעַד־be.'ad-H1157our peopleעַמֵּ֔נוּ'a.Me.nuH5971and forוּבְעַ֖דu.ve.'AdH1157the citiesעָרֵ֣י'a.ReiH5892of our Godאֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ'e.lo.Hei.nuH430.May the LORDוַֽיהוָ֔הva.Yah.wehH3068doהַטּ֥וֹבha.TovH2896what is goodיַעֲשֶֽׂה׃ya.'a.SehH6213in His sightבְּעֵינָ֖יוbe.'ei.NavH5869.”
15When the Ammonitesוּבְנֵ֨י עַמּ֤וֹןu.ve.Nei a.MonH1121H5983sawרָאוּ֙ra.'UH7200thatכִּי־ki-H3588the Arameansאֲרָ֔ם'a.RamH758had fledנָ֣סnasH5127,theyהֵ֗םHemH1992tooגַם־gam-H1571fledוַיָּנ֣וּסוּvai.ya.Nu.suH5127beforeמִפְּנֵי֙mi.pe.NeiH6440Joab’s brotherאָחִ֔יו'a.ChivH251Abishaiאַבְשַׁ֣י'av.ShaiH52,and they enteredוַיָּבֹ֖אוּvai.ya.Vo.'uH935the cityהָעִ֑ירָהha.'I.rahH5892.So Joabיוֹאָ֖בyo.'AvH3097went backוַיָּבֹ֥אvai.ya.Vo'H935to Jerusalemיְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ פye.ru.sha.LimH3389.
16When the Arameansאֲרָ֗ם'a.RamH758sawוַיַּ֣רְאvai.Yar'H7200thatכִּ֣יkiH3588they had been defeatedנִגְּפוּ֮ni.ge.FuH5062byלִפְנֵ֣יlif.NeiH6440Israelיִשְׂרָאֵל֒Yis.ra.'ElH3478,they sentוַֽיִּשְׁלְחוּ֙vai.yish.le.ChuH7971messengersמַלְאָכִ֔יםmal.'a.KhimH4397to bringוַיּוֹצִ֣יאוּvai.yo.Tzi.'uH3318אֶת־'et-H853moreArameansאֲרָ֔ם'a.RamH758אֲשֶׁ֖ר'a.SherH834from beyondמֵעֵ֣בֶרme.'E.verH5676the Euphratesהַנָּהָ֑רha.na.HarH5104,with Shophachוְשׁוֹפַ֛ךְve.sho.FakhH7780the commanderשַׂר־sar-H8269of Hadadezer’sH1909armyצְבָ֥אtze.Va'H6635leading themלִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃lif.nei.HemH6440.
17When this was reportedוַיֻּגַּ֣דvai.yu.GadH5046to Davidלְדָוִ֗ידle.da.VidH1732,he gatheredוַיֶּאֱסֹ֤ףvai.ye.'e.SofH622אֶת־'et-H853allכָּל־kol-H3605Israelיִשְׂרָאֵל֙Yis.ra.'ElH3478,crossedוַיַּעֲבֹ֣רvai.ya.'a.VorH5674the Jordanהַיַּרְדֵּ֔ןhai.yar.DenH3383,advancedוַיָּבֹ֣אvai.ya.Vo'H935towardאֲלֵהֶ֔ם'a.le.HemH413the Arameansאֲרָם֙'a.RamH758,and arrayed for battleוַֽיַּעֲרֹ֖ךְvai.ya.'a.RokhH6186against themאֲלֵהֶ֑ם'a.le.HemH413.When Davidדָּוִ֜ידda.VidH1732lined upוַיַּעֲרֹ֨ךְvai.ya.'a.RokhH6186to engageלִקְרַ֤אתlik.RatH7122themin battleמִלְחָמָ֔הmil.cha.MahH4421,they foughtוַיִּֽלָּחֲמ֖וּvai.yi.la.cha.MuH3898against himעִמּֽוֹ׃i.MoH5973.
18But the Arameansאֲרָם֮'a.RamH758fledוַיָּ֣נָסvai.Ya.nosH5127beforeמִלִּפְנֵ֣יmi.lif.NeiH6440Israelיִשְׂרָאֵל֒Yis.ra.'ElH3478,and Davidדָּוִ֜יד מֵאֲרָ֗םda.Vid me.'a.RamH1732H758killedוַיַּהֲרֹ֨גvai.ya.ha.RogH2026sevenשִׁבְעַ֤תshiv.'AtH7651thousandאֲלָפִים֙'a.la.FimH505of their charioteersרֶ֔כֶבRe.khevH7393and fortyוְאַרְבָּעִ֥יםve.'ar.ba.'ImH705thousandאֶ֖לֶף'E.lefH505foot soldiersאִ֣ישׁ רַגְלִ֑י'ish rag.LiH376H7273וְאֵ֛תve.'EtH853.He also killedהֵמִֽית׃he.MitH4191Shophachשׁוֹפַ֥ךְsho.FakhH7780the commanderשַֽׂר־sar-H8269of their armyהַצָּבָ֖אha.tza.Va'H6635.
19When Hadadezer’sH1909subjectsעַבְדֵ֣י'av.DeiH5650sawוַיִּרְא֞וּvai.yir.'UH7200thatכִּ֤יkiH3588they had been defeatedנִגְּפוּ֙ni.ge.FuH5062byלִפְנֵ֣יlif.NeiH6440Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֔לYis.ra.'ElH3478,they made peaceוַיַּשְׁלִ֥ימוּvai.yash.Li.muH7999withעִם־'im-H5973Davidדָּוִ֖ידda.VidH1732and became subject to himוַיַּֽעַבְדֻ֑הוּvai.ya.'av.Du.huH5647.So the Arameansאֲרָ֔ם'a.RamH758were unwillingוְלֹא־ אָבָ֣הve.lo'- 'a.VahH3808H14to helpלְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַle.ho.Shi.a'H3467אֶת־'et-H853the Ammonitesבְּנֵי־ עַמּ֖וֹןbe.nei- a.MonH1121H5983anymoreעֽוֹד׃ פodH5750.
Commentaries on 1 Chronicles 19
- Adam Clarke Bible Commentary
- Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
- Matthew Henry Concise Commentary
- Tyndale Open Study Notes
- Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary
- Rashi on Tanakh
- Keil & Delitzsch Commentary
- John Wesley’s Notes
- Darby Translation Notes
- Geneva Bible Translation Notes
- Kingcomments
- Matthew Henry’s Complete Commentary
- Matthew Henry’s Modern English Commentary
- Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary
- EGW Writings
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Commentaries