Revised Literal Translation

1 Kings 4

1So kingהַמֶּ֣לֶךְha.Me.lekhH4428Solomonשְׁלֹמֹ֔הshe.lo.MohH8010was kingמֶ֖לֶךְMe.lekhH4428over all Israelיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ סYis.ra.'ElH3478.

2And these werethe princesהַשָּׂרִ֖יםha.sa.RimH8269which he had; Azariahעֲזַרְיָ֥הוּ'a.zar.Ya.huH5838the sonבֶן־ven-H1121of Zadokצָד֖וֹקtza.DokH6659the priestהַכֹּהֵֽן׃ סha.ko.HenH3548,

3Elihorephאֱלִיחֹ֧רֶף'e.li.Cho.refH456and Ahiahוַאֲחִיָּ֛הva.'a.chi.YahH281,the sonsבְּנֵ֥יbe.NeiH1121of Shishaשִׁישָׁ֖אshi.Sha'H7894,scribesסֹפְרִ֑יםso.fe.RimH5608;Jehoshaphatיְהוֹשָׁפָ֥טye.ho.sha.FatH3092the sonבֶּן־ben-H1121of Ahiludאֲחִיל֖וּד'a.chi.LudH286,the recorderהַמַּזְכִּֽיר׃ha.maz.KirH2142.

4And Benaiahוּבְנָיָ֥הוּu.ve.na.Ya.huH1141the sonבֶן־ven-H1121of Jehoiadaיְהוֹיָדָ֖עye.ho.ya.Da'H3077wasover the armyהַצָּבָ֑אha.tza.Va'H6635:and Zadokוְצָד֥וֹקve.tza.DokH6659and Abiatharוְאֶבְיָתָ֖רve.'ev.ya.TarH54werethe priestsכֹּהֲנִֽים׃ סko.ha.NimH3548:

5And Azariahוַעֲזַרְיָ֥הוּva.'a.zar.Ya.huH5838the sonבֶן־ven-H1121of Nathanנָתָ֖ןna.TanH5416wasover the officersהַנִּצָּבִ֑יםha.ni.tza.VimH5324:and Zabudוְזָב֧וּדve.za.VudH2071the sonבֶּן־ben-H1121of Nathanנָתָ֛ןna.TanH5416wasprincipal officerכֹּהֵ֖ןko.HenH3548, andthe king’sהַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ha.Me.lekhH4428friendרֵעֶ֥הre.'EhH7463:

6And Ahisharוַאֲחִישָׁ֖רva.'a.chi.SharH301wasover the householdהַבָּ֑יִתha.Ba.yitH1004:and Adoniramוַאֲדֹנִירָ֥םva.'a.do.ni.RamH141the sonבֶּן־ben-H1121of Abdaעַבְדָּ֖א'av.Da'H5653wasover the tributeהַמַּֽס׃ סha.MasH4522.

7And Solomonוְלִשְׁלֹמֹ֞הve.lish.lo.MohH8010had twelveשְׁנֵים־ עָשָׂ֤רshe.neim- 'a.SarH6240 H8147officersנִצָּבִים֙ni.tza.VimH5324over all Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֔לYis.ra.'ElH3478,which provided victualsוְכִלְכְּל֥וּve.khil.ke.LuH3557for the kingהַמֶּ֖לֶךְha.Me.lekhH4428and his householdבֵּית֑וֹbei.ToH1004:each manהָאֶחָ֖דha.e.chadH259his monthחֹ֧דֶשׁCho.deshH2320in a yearבַּשָּׁנָ֛הba.sha.NahH8141made provisionלְכַלְכֵּֽל׃ סle.khal.KelH3557.

8And these aretheir namesשְׁמוֹתָ֔םshe.mo.TamH8034:The son of HurH1133,in mountבְּהַ֥רbe.HarH2022Ephraimאֶפְרָֽיִם׃ ס'ef.Ra.yimH669:

9The son of DekarH1857 H1128,in Makazבְּמָקַ֥ץbe.ma.KatzH4739,and in Shaalbimוּבְשַֽׁעַלְבִ֖יםu.ve.sha.'al.VimH8169,and Beth–shemeshH1053,and Elon–beth–hananH358:

10The son of Hesedחֶ֖סֶדChe.sedH2618 H1136,in Arubothבָּֽאֲרֻבּ֑וֹתba.'a.ru.BotH700; to him pertainedSochohשֹׂכֹ֖הso.KhohH7755,and all the landאֶ֥רֶץ'E.retzH776of Hepherחֵֽפֶר׃ סChe.ferH2660:

11The son of AbinadabH1125,in all the regionH5299of Dorדֹּ֑ארDorH1756;which had Taphathטָפַת֙ta.FatH2955the daughterבַּת־bat-H1323of Solomonשְׁלֹמֹ֔הshe.lo.MohH8010to wifeלְאִשָּֽׁה׃ סle.'i.ShahH802:

12Baanaבַּֽעֲנָא֙ba.'a.Na'H1195the sonבֶּן־ben-H1121of Ahiludאֲחִיל֔וּד'a.chi.LudH286; to him pertainedTaanachתַּעְנַ֖ךְta'.NakhH8590and Megiddoוּמְגִדּ֑וֹu.me.gi.DoH4023,and all Beth–sheanH1052, which isbyאֵ֨צֶל'E.tzelH681Zartanahצָרְתַ֜נָהtza.re.Ta.nahH6891beneath Jezreelלְיִזְרְעֶ֗אלle.yiz.re.'ElH3157,from Beth–sheanH1052to Abel–meholahH65, even unto the place that isbeyondמֵעֵ֥בֶרme.'E.verH5676Jokneamלְיָקְמֳעָֽם׃ סle.ya.ke.mo.'AmH3361:

13The son of GeberH1127,in Ramoth–gileadגִּלְעָ֑דgil.'AdH7433 H1568; to him pertainedthe townsחַוֹּת֩cha.VotH2333of Jairיָאִ֨ירya.'IrH2971the sonבֶּן־ben-H1121of Manassehמְנַשֶּׁ֜הme.na.ShehH4519, which arein Gileadבַּגִּלְעָ֗דba.gil.'AdH1568; to him also pertainedthe regionחֶ֤בֶלChe.velH2256of Argobאַרְגֹּב֙'ar.GoH709, which isin Bashanבַּבָּשָׁ֔ןba.ba.ShanH1316,threescoreשִׁשִּׁים֙shi.ShimH8346greatגְּדֹל֔וֹתge.do.LotH1419citiesעָרִ֣ים'a.RimH5892with wallsחוֹמָ֖הcho.MahH2346and brasenנְחֹֽשֶׁת׃ סne.Cho.shetH5178barsוּבְרִ֥יחַu.ve.Ri.achH1280:

14Ahinadabאֲחִֽינָדָ֥ב'a.chi.na.DavH292the sonבֶּן־ben-H1121of Iddoעִדֹּ֖א'i.Do'H5714hadMahanaimמַחֲנָֽיְמָה׃ma.cha.Na.ye.mahH4266:

15Ahimaazאֲחִימַ֖עַץ'a.chi.Ma.'atzH290wasin Naphtaliבְּנַפְתָּלִ֑יbe.naf.ta.LiH5321;he also tookלָקַ֛חla.KachH3947Basmathבָּשְׂמַ֥תba.se.MatH1315the daughterבַּת־bat-H1323of Solomonשְׁלֹמֹ֖הshe.lo.MohH8010to wifeלְאִשָּֽׁה׃le.'i.ShahH802:

16Baanahבַּֽעֲנָא֙ba.'a.Na'H1195the sonבֶּן־ben-H1121of Hushaiחוּשָׁ֔יchu.ShaiH2365wasin Asherבְּאָשֵׁ֖רbe.'a.SherH836and in Alothוּבְעָלֽוֹת׃ סu.ve.'a.LotH1175:

17Jehoshaphatיְהוֹשָׁפָ֥טye.ho.sha.FatH3092the sonבֶּן־ben-H1121of Paruahפָּר֖וּחַpa.Ru.achH6515,in Issacharבְּיִשָׂשכָֽר׃ סbe.yi.so.sh.KharH3485:

18Shimeiשִׁמְעִ֥יshim.'IH8096the sonבֶן־ven-H1121of Elahאֵלָ֖א'e.La'H414,in Benjaminבְּבִנְיָמִֽן׃ סbe.vin.ya.MinH1144:

19Geberגֶּ֥בֶרGe.verH1398the sonבֶּן־ben-H1121of Uriאֻרִ֖י'u.RiH221wasin the countryבְּאֶ֣רֶץbe.'E.retzH776of Gileadגִּלְעָ֑דgil.'AdH1568, inthe countryאֶ֜רֶץ'E.retzH776of Sihonסִיח֣וֹן׀si.ChonH5511kingמֶ֣לֶךְMe.lekhH4428of the Amoritesהָאֱמֹרִ֗יha.'e.mo.RiH567,and of Ogוְעֹג֙ve.'OgH5747kingמֶ֣לֶךְMe.lekhH4428of Bashanהַבָּשָׁ֔ןha.ba.ShanH1316; and he wasthe onlyאֶחָ֖ד'e.ChadH259officerוּנְצִ֥יבu.ne.TzivH5333which wasin the landבָּאָֽרֶץ׃ba.'A.retzH776.

20Judahיְהוּדָ֤הye.hu.DahH3063and Israelוְיִשְׂרָאֵל֙ve.Yis.ra.'ElH3478weremanyרַבִּ֔יםra.BimH7227,as the sandכַּח֥וֹלka.CholH2344which isby the seaהַיָּ֖םhai.YamH3220in multitudeלָרֹ֑בla.RoH7230,eatingאֹכְלִ֥ים'o.khe.LimH398and drinkingוְשֹׁתִ֖יםve.sho.TimH8354,and making merryוּשְׂמֵחִֽים׃u.se.me.ChimH8056.

21And Solomonוּשְׁלֹמֹ֗הu.she.lo.MohH8010reignedמוֹשֵׁל֙mo.ShelH4910over all kingdomsהַמַּמְלָכ֔וֹתha.mam.la.KhotH4467from the riverהַנָּהָר֙ha.na.HarH5104unto the landאֶ֣רֶץ'E.retzH776of the Philistinesפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔יםpe.lish.TimH6430,and unto the borderגְּב֣וּלge.VulH1366of Egyptמִצְרָ֑יִםmitz.Ra.yimH4714:they broughtמַגִּשִׁ֥יםma.gi.ShimH5066presentsמִנְחָ֛הmin.ChahH4503,and servedוְעֹבְדִ֥יםve.'oe.DimH5647Solomonשְׁלֹמֹ֖הshe.lo.MohH8010all the daysיְמֵ֥יye.MeiH3117of his lifeחַיָּֽיו׃ פchai.YavH2416.

22And Solomon’sשְׁלֹמֹ֖הshe.lo.MohH8010provisionלֶֽחֶם־le.chem-H3899for oneאֶחָ֑ד'e.ChadH259dayלְי֣וֹםle.YomH3117was thirtyשְׁלֹשִׁ֥יםshe.lo.ShimH7970measuresכֹּר֙korH3734of fine flourסֹ֔לֶתSo.letH5560,and threescoreוְשִׁשִּׁ֥יםve.shi.ShimH8346measuresכֹּ֖רkorH3734of mealקָֽמַח׃Ka.machH7058,

23Tenעֲשָׂרָ֨ה'a.sa.RahH6235fatבְּרִאִ֗יםbe.ri.'ImH1277oxenבָקָ֜רva.KarH1241,and twentyוְעֶשְׂרִ֥יםve.'es.RimH6242oxenבָּקָ֛רba.KarH1241out of the pasturesרְעִ֖יre.'IH7471,and an hundredוּמֵ֣אָהu.Me.'ahH3967sheepצֹ֑אןTzonH6629,beside hartsמֵֽאַיָּ֤לme.'ai.YalH354,and roebucksוּצְבִי֙u.tze.ViH6643,and fallowdeerוְיַחְמ֔וּרve.yach.MurH3180,and fattedאֲבוּסִֽים׃'a.vu.SimH75fowlוּבַרְבֻּרִ֖יםu.var.bu.RimH1257.

24For he had dominionרֹדֶ֣ה׀ro.DehH7287over all the regionon this sideעֵ֣בֶר'E.verH5676the riverהַנָּהָ֗רha.na.HarH5104,from Tiphsahמִתִּפְסַח֙mi.tif.SachH8607even to Azzahעַזָּ֔ה'a.ZahH5804,over all the kingsמַלְכֵ֖יmal.KheiH4428on this sideעֵ֣בֶר'E.verH5676the riverהַנָּהָ֑רha.na.HarH5104:and he had peaceוְשָׁל֗וֹםve.sha.LomH7965on all sidesעֲבָרָ֖יו'a.va.RavH5676 H5650round aboutמִסָּבִֽיב׃mi.sa.VivH5439him.

25And Judahיְהוּדָ֨הye.hu.DahH3063and Israelוְיִשְׂרָאֵ֜לve.Yis.ra.'ElH3478dweltוַיֵּשֶׁב֩vai.ye.ShevH3427safelyלָבֶ֗טַחla.Ve.tachH983,every manאִ֣ישׁ'ishH376under his vineגַּפְנוֹ֙gaf.NoH1612and under his fig treeתְּאֵֽנָת֔וֹte.'e.na.ToH8384,from Danמִדָּ֖ןmi.DanH1835even to Beer–shebaH884,all the daysיְמֵ֥יye.MeiH3117of Solomonשְׁלֹמֹֽה׃ סshe.lo.MohH8010.

26And Solomonלִשְׁלֹמֹ֗הlish.lo.MohH8010had fortyאַרְבָּעִ֥ים'ar.ba.'ImH705thousandאֶ֛לֶף'E.lefH505stallsאֻרְוֹ֥ת'ur.VotH723of horsesסוּסִ֖יםsu.SimH5483for his chariotsלְמֶרְכָּב֑וֹle.mer.ka.VoH4817,and twelveוּשְׁנֵים־ עָשָׂ֥רu.she.neim- 'a.SarH6240 H8147thousandאֶ֖לֶף'E.lefH505horsemenפָּרָשִֽׁים׃pa.ra.ShimH6571.

27And those officersהַנִּצָּבִ֨יםha.ni.tza.VimH5324provided victualוְכִלְכְּלוּ֩ve.khil.ke.LuH3557for kingהַמֶּ֣לֶךְha.Me.lekhH4428Solomonשְׁלֹמֹ֗הshe.lo.MohH8010,and for all that cameהַקָּרֵ֛בha.ka.RevH7131unto kingהַמֶּֽלֶךְ־ha.Me.lekh-H4428Solomon’sשְׁלֹמֹ֖הshe.lo.MohH8010tableשֻׁלְחַ֥ןshul.ChanH7979,every manאִ֣ישׁ'ishH376in his monthחָדְשׁ֑וֹcha.de.ShoH2320:they lackedיְעַדְּר֖וּye.'a.de.RuH5737nothingדָּבָֽר׃da.VarH1697.

28Barleyוְהַשְּׂעֹרִ֣יםve.ha.se.'o.RimH8184also and strawוְהַתֶּ֔בֶןve.ha.Te.venH8401for the horsesלַסּוּסִ֖יםla.su.SimH5483and dromedariesוְלָרָ֑כֶשׁve.la.Ra.kheshH7409broughtיָבִ֗אוּya.Vi.'uH935they unto the placeהַמָּקוֹם֙ha.ma.kOmH4725where the officerswere, every manאִ֖ישׁ'ishH376according to his chargeכְּמִשְׁפָּטֽוֹ׃ סke.mish.pa.ToH4941.

29And Godאֱלֹהִ֨ים'E.lo.HimH430gaveוַיִּתֵּן֩vai.yi.TenH5414Solomonלִשְׁלֹמֹ֛הlish.lo.MohH8010wisdomחָכְמָ֧הchokh.mahH2451and understandingוּתְבוּנָ֖הu.te.vu.NahH8394exceedingמְאֹ֑דme.'OdH3966muchהַרְבֵּ֣הhar.BehH7235,and largenessוְרֹ֣חַבve.Ro.chavH7341of heartלֵ֔בLevH3820,even as the sandכַּח֕וֹלka.CholH2344that ison the seaהַיָּֽם׃hai.YamH3220shoreשְׂפַ֥תse.FatH8193.

30And Solomon’sשְׁלֹמֹ֔הshe.lo.MohH8010wisdomחָכְמַ֣תcha.khe.MatH2451excelledוַתֵּ֙רֶב֙va.Te.revH7235the wisdomמֵֽחָכְמַ֖תme.cha.khe.MatH2451of all the childrenבְּנֵי־be.nei-H1121of the east countryקֶ֑דֶםKe.demH6924,and all the wisdomחָכְמַ֥תcha.khe.MatH2451of Egyptמִצְרָֽיִם׃mitz.Ra.yimH4714.

31For he was wiserוַיֶּחְכַּם֮vai.yech.KamH2449than all menהָֽאָדָם֒ha.'a.DamH120;than Ethanמֵאֵיתָ֣ןme.'ei.TanH387the Ezrahiteהָאֶזְרָחִ֗יha.'ez.ra.ChiH250,and Hemanוְהֵימָ֧ןve.hei.ManH1968,and Chalcolוְכַלְכֹּ֛לve.khal.KolH3633,and Dardaוְדַרְדַּ֖עve.dar.Da'H1862,the sonsבְּנֵ֣יbe.NeiH1121of Maholמָח֑וֹלma.CholH4235:and his fameשְׁמ֥וֹshe.MoH8034was in all nationsהַגּוֹיִ֖םha.go.YimH1471round aboutסָבִֽיב׃sa.VivH5439.

32And he spakeוַיְדַבֵּ֕רvay.da.BerH1696threeשְׁלֹ֥שֶׁתshe.Lo.shetH7969thousandאֲלָפִ֖ים'a.la.FimH505proverbsמָשָׁ֑לma.ShalH4912:and his songsשִׁיר֖וֹshi.RoH7892were a thousandוָאָֽלֶף׃va.'A.lefH505and fiveחֲמִשָּׁ֥הcha.mi.ShahH2568.

33And he spakeוַיְדַבֵּר֮vay.da.BerH1696of treesהָֽעֵצִים֒ha.'e.TzimH6086,from the cedar treeהָאֶ֙רֶז֙ha.'E.rezH730that isin Lebanonבַּלְּבָנ֔וֹןba.le.va.NonH3844even unto the hyssopהָאֵז֔וֹבha.'e.ZovH231that springeth outיֹצֵ֖אyo.Tze'H3318of the wallבַּקִּ֑ירba.KirH7023:he spakeוַיְדַבֵּר֙vay.da.BerH1696also of beastsהַבְּהֵמָ֣הha.be.he.MahH929,and of fowlהָע֔וֹףha.'ofH5775,and of creeping thingsהָרֶ֖מֶשׂha.Re.mesH7431,and of fishesהַדָּגִֽים׃ha.da.GimH1709.

34And there cameוַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙vai.ya.Vo.'uH935of all peopleהָ֣עַמִּ֔יםha.'a.MimH5971to hearלִשְׁמֹ֕עַlish.Mo.a'H8085the wisdomחָכְמַ֣תcha.khe.MatH2451of Solomonשְׁלֹמֹ֑הshe.lo.MohH8010,from all kingsמַלְכֵ֣יmal.KheiH4428of the earthהָאָ֔רֶץha.'A.retzH776,which had heardשָׁמְע֖וּsha.me.'UH8085of his wisdomחָכְמָתֽוֹ׃ סcha.khe.ma.ToH2451.

Commentaries on 1 Kings 4