New American Standard Bible 2020
Ezekiel 31:3-18
3Behold, Assyria was a 1cedar in Lebanon With beautiful branches and forest shade, And 23very high, And its top was among the 4clouds.4The 5waters made it grow, the 6deep made it high. With its rivers it continually 7extended all around its planting place, And sent out its channels to all the trees of the field.5Therefore 8its height was loftier than all the trees of the field And its boughs became many and its branches long Because of 9many waters 10as it spread them out.6All the 11birds of the sky nested in its twigs, And under its branches all the animals of the field gave birth, And all great nations lived under its shade.7So it was beautiful in its greatness, in the length of its branches; For its 12roots extended to many waters.8The 13cedars in 14God’s garden 15could not match it; The junipers 16could not compare with its branches, And the plane trees 17could not match its branches. No tree in 18God’s garden 19could compare with it in its beauty.9I made it beautiful with the multitude of its branches, And all the trees of 20Eden, which were in the 21garden of God, were jealous of it.
10‘Therefore this is what the Lord 22God says: “Because 23it is tall in stature and has put its top among the 24clouds, and its 25heart is haughty in its loftiness, 11I will hand it over to a 2627ruler of the nations; he will thoroughly deal with it. In accordance with its wickedness I have 28driven it out. 1229Foreign 30tyrants of the nations have cut it down and left it; on the 31mountains and in all the valleys its branches have fallen, and its branches have been broken in all the ravines of the land. And all the peoples of the earth have 32gone down from its shade and left it. 13All the 33birds of the sky will nest on its fallen trunk, and all the animals of the field will 34rest on its fallen branches, 14so that all the trees by the waters will not be exalted in their stature, nor put their tops among the 35clouds, nor will any of their 36well-watered mighty ones stand straight in their height. For they have all been turned over to death, to the 37earth beneath, among 38mankind, 39with those who go down to the pit.”
15‘This is what the Lord God says: “On the day when it went down to Sheol I 40caused mourning; I closed the 41deep over it and held back its rivers. And its many waters were stopped up, and I made Lebanon mourn for it, and all the trees of the field wilted away on account of it. 16I made the nations 42quake from the sound of its fall when I made it 43go down to Sheol with those who go down to the pit; and all the 44well-watered trees of Eden, the choicest and best of 45Lebanon, were 46comforted in the earth beneath. 17They also 47went down with it to Sheol to those who were 48slain by the sword; and those who were its 49strength lived 50in its shade among the nations.
18“To which among the trees of Eden are you so alike in glory and greatness? Yet you will be brought down with the trees of Eden to the earth beneath; you will lie in the midst of the 51uncircumcised with those who were killed by the sword. 52This is Pharaoh and all his hordes!”’ declares the Lord God.”
Notes
- 1. Ezekiel 31:3 Is 10:33, 34; Ezek 17:3, 4, 22; 31:16; Dan 4:10, 20-23 ↩
- 2. Ezekiel 31:3 Lit high of stature ↩
- 3. Ezekiel 31:3 Is 10:33; Ezek 31:5, 10 ↩
- 4. Ezekiel 31:3 As in LXX; MT thick boughs ↩
- 5. Ezekiel 31:4 Ezek 17:5, 8; Rev 17:1, 15 ↩
- 6. Ezekiel 31:4 I.e., subterranean waters ↩
- 7. Ezekiel 31:4 Lit was going ↩
- 8. Ezekiel 31:5 Dan 4:11 ↩
- 9. Ezekiel 31:5 Ps 1:3; Ezek 17:5 ↩
- 10. Ezekiel 31:5 Lit in its sending forth ↩
- 11. Ezekiel 31:6 Ezek 17:23; 31:13; Dan 4:12, 21; Matt 13:32 ↩
- 12. Ezekiel 31:7 Lit root was ↩
- 13. Ezekiel 31:8 Ps 80:10; Ezek 31:3 ↩
- 14. Ezekiel 31:8 Gen 2:8, 9; 13:10; Is 51:3; Ezek 28:13; 31:16, 18 ↩
- 15. Ezekiel 31:8 Lit did ↩
- 16. Ezekiel 31:8 Lit did ↩
- 17. Ezekiel 31:8 Lit were not like ↩
- 18. Ezekiel 31:8 Gen 2:8, 9; 13:10; Is 51:3; Ezek 28:13; 31:16, 18 ↩
- 19. Ezekiel 31:8 Lit did ↩
- 20. Ezekiel 31:9 Gen 2:8, 9; 13:10; Is 51:3; Ezek 28:13; 31:16, 18 ↩
- 21. Ezekiel 31:9 Gen 2:8, 9; 13:10; Is 51:3; Ezek 28:13; 31:16, 18 ↩
- 22. Ezekiel 31:10 Heb YHWH, usually rendered Lord, and so throughout the ch ↩
- 23. Ezekiel 31:10 As in Syriac; MT you are ↩
- 24. Ezekiel 31:10 As in LXX; MT thick branches ↩
- 25. Ezekiel 31:10 2 Chr 32:25; Is 10:12; 14:13, 14; Ezek 28:17; Dan 5:20 ↩
- 26. Ezekiel 31:11 Or mighty one ↩
- 27. Ezekiel 31:11 Ezek 30:10, 11; 32:11, 12; Dan 5:18, 19 ↩
- 28. Ezekiel 31:11 Deut 18:12; Nah 3:18 ↩
- 29. Ezekiel 31:12 Ezek 7:21; 28:7; 30:12; Hab 1:6 ↩
- 30. Ezekiel 31:12 Ezek 28:7; 30:11; 32:12 ↩
- 31. Ezekiel 31:12 Ezek 32:5; 35:8 ↩
- 32. Ezekiel 31:12 Ezek 31:17; Dan 4:14; Nah 3:17, 18 ↩
- 33. Ezekiel 31:13 Is 18:6; Ezek 29:5; 31:6; 32:4 ↩
- 34. Ezekiel 31:13 Lit be on ↩
- 35. Ezekiel 31:14 As in LXX; MT thick branches ↩
- 36. Ezekiel 31:14 Lit drinkers of water ↩
- 37. Ezekiel 31:14 Num 16:30, 33; Ps 63:9; Ezek 26:20; 31:18; 32:24; Amos 9:2; Jon 2:2, 6; Eph 4:9 ↩
- 38. Ezekiel 31:14 Lit sons of mankind ↩
- 39. Ezekiel 31:14 Lit to ↩
- 40. Ezekiel 31:15 Ezek 32:7; Nah 2:10 ↩
- 41. Ezekiel 31:15 I.e., subterranean waters ↩
- 42. Ezekiel 31:16 Ezek 26:15; 27:28; Hag 2:7 ↩
- 43. Ezekiel 31:16 Is 14:15; Ezek 32:18 ↩
- 44. Ezekiel 31:16 Lit drinkers of water ↩
- 45. Ezekiel 31:16 Is 14:8; Hab 2:17 ↩
- 46. Ezekiel 31:16 Ezek 14:22, 23; 32:31 ↩
- 47. Ezekiel 31:17 Ps 9:17 ↩
- 48. Ezekiel 31:17 Ezek 32:20f ↩
- 49. Ezekiel 31:17 Lit arm ↩
- 50. Ezekiel 31:17 Ezek 31:3, 6; Dan 4:12 ↩
- 51. Ezekiel 31:18 Jer 9:25, 26; Ezek 28:10; 32:19, 21 ↩
- 52. Ezekiel 31:18 Ps 52:7; Matt 13:19 ↩
Commentaries on Ezekiel 31
- Adam Clarke Bible Commentary
- Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
- Matthew Henry Concise Commentary
- Tyndale Open Study Notes
- Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary
- Rashi on Tanakh
- Keil & Delitzsch Commentary
- John Wesley’s Notes
- Darby Translation Notes
- Geneva Bible Translation Notes
- Kingcomments
- Matthew Henry’s Complete Commentary
- Matthew Henry’s Modern English Commentary
- Scofield Reference Notes, 1917 Edition
- Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary
- EGW Writings
New American Standard Bible 2020 — © 1960–2020 The Lockman Foundation. All rights reserved.
Commentaries