1 Samuel 14:3

1 Samuel 14:3 in other versions

• King James Version (KJV)And Ahiah, the son of Ahitub, I–chabod’s brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the Lord’s priest in Shiloh, wearing an ephod. And the people knew not that Jonathan was gone.
• New International Version (NIV)among whom was Ahijah, who was wearing an ephod. He was a son of Ichabod’s brother Ahitub son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the Lord’s priest in Shiloh. No one was aware that Jonathan had left.
• English Standard Version (ESV)including Ahijah the son of Ahitub, Ichabod's brother, son of Phinehas, son of Eli, the priest of the Lord in Shiloh, wearing an ephod. And the people did not know that Jonathan had gone.
• New King James Version (NKJV)Ahijah the son of Ahitub, Ichabod’s brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the Lord’s priest in Shiloh, was wearing an ephod. But the people did not know that Jonathan had gone.

Context of 1 Samuel 14:3

1Now the day came that Jonathan, the son of Saul, said to the young man who was carrying his armor, “Come and let us cross over to the Philistines’ garrison that is on the other side.” But he did not tell his father. 2Saul was staying in the outskirts of Gibeah under the pomegranate tree which is in Migron. And the people who were with him were about six hundred men, and Ahijah, the son of Ahitub, Ichabod’s brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the priest of the Lord at Shiloh, was wearing an ephod. And the people did not know that Jonathan had gone. 4Between the passes by which Jonathan sought to cross over to the Philistines’ garrison, there was a sharp crag on the one side and a sharp crag on the other side, and the name of the one was Bozez, and the name of the other Seneh. 5The one crag rose on the north opposite Michmash, and the other on the south opposite Geba.

1 Samuel 14:3 word by word

וַאֲחִיָּ֣ה בֶן־אֲחִט֡וּב אֲחִ֡י אִיכָב֣וֹד׀ בֶּן־פִּינְחָ֨ס בֶּן־עֵלִ֜י כֹּהֵ֧ן׀ יְהוָ֛ה בְּשִׁל֖וֹ נֹשֵׂ֣א אֵפ֑וֹד וְהָעָם֙ לֹ֣א יָדַ֔ע כִּ֥י הָלַ֖ךְ יוֹנָתָֽן׃Read the interlinear

• and Ahijahאֲחִיָּ֫הוּ'ăchîyâh 'ăchîyâhû · AhijahH281
• sonבֵּןbên · son: childH1121
• of Ahitubאֲחִיטוּב'ăchîyţûb · AhitubH285
• Ichabod’sאִי־כָבוֹד'îy-kâbôd · IchabodH350
• brotherאָח'âch · brother: male-siblingH251
• of Phinehasפִּינְחָסpîynechâs · PhinehasH6372
• of Eliעֵלִי‛êlîy · EliH5941
• the priestכֹּהֵןkôhên · priestH3548
• of the Lordיְהֹוָהyehôvâh · LORDH3068
• Shilohשִׁלוֹshîylôh shilôh shîylô shilô · ShilohH7887
• wearingנָשָׂאnâώâ' nâsâh · to lift: bearH5375
• an ephodאֵפוֹד'êphôd 'êphôd · ephodH646
• And the peopleעַם‛am · peopleH5971
• did not knowיָדַעyâda‛ · to knowH3045
• that Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָןyehônâthân · JonathanH3083
• had goneהָלַךְhâlak · to go: wentH1980

Cross-references for 1 Samuel 14:3

• 1 Samuel 22:9Then Doeg the Edomite, who was standing by the servants of Saul, said, “I saw the son of Jesse coming to Nob, to Ahimelech the son of Ahitub.
• 1 Samuel 4:21And she called the boy Ichabod, saying, “The glory has departed from Israel,” because the ark of God was taken and because of her father-in-law and her husband.
• 1 Samuel 2:28Did I not choose them from all the tribes of Israel to be My priests, to go up to My altar, to burn incense, to carry an ephod before Me; and did I not give to the house of your father all the fire offerings of the sons of Israel?
• Exodus 28:26You shall make two rings of gold and shall place them on the two ends of the breastpiece, on the edge of it, which is toward the inner side of the ephod.

Commentaries on 1 Samuel 14:3

• Adam Clarke Bible Commentary · v. 3Ahiah, the son of Ahitub - Phinehas, son of Eli the high priests had two sons, Ahitub and I-chabod; the latter was born when the ark was taken, and his mother died immediately after. Ahiah is also called Ahimelech, 1 Samuel 22:9. Wearing an ephod - That is, performing the functions of the high priest. This man does not appear to have been with Saul when he offered the sacrifices, 1 Samuel 13:9, etc.Read the comment
• Barnes’ Notes on the Bible · v. 3Whether “Ahiah” or “Ahijah” is the same person as “Ahimelech the son of Ahitub” (see the marginal reference), or whether Ahimelech was the brother or son of Ahijah, and his successor in the priesthood, it is impossible to say certainly. Most probably “Ahijah” and “Ahimilech” are variations of the same name; the latter element in each alone being different, מלך melek (king) being substituted for the divine name יה yâhh Compare “Eliakim” and “Jehoiakim” 2…Read the comment
• Tyndale Open Study Notes · v. 3Ahijah the priest served as an adviser to Saul. He could seek God’s guidance for Saul by using the ephod (a sacred garment used to ask God for direction, 1 Samuel 14:18–19; see also 1 Samuel 2:18 and study note on 1 Samuel 2:18; 1 Samuel 23:9–10). son of Eli: Saul, the rejected king (1 Samuel 13:13–14), kept a priest from the rejected priesthood with him (1 Samuel 2:27–36). Ichabod: See 1 Samuel 4:21.Read the comment
• Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary · v. 1-141Sa 14:1-14. Jonathan Miraculously Smites the Philistines' Garrison. 1. the Philistines' garrison--"the standing camp" (1Sa 13:23, Margin) "in the passage of Michmash" (1Sa 13:16), now Wady Es-Suweinit. "It begins in the neighborhood of Betin (Beth-el) and El-Bireh (Beetroth), and as it breaks through the ridge below these places, its sides form precipitous walls. On the right, about a quarter of an acre below, it again breaks off, and passes between high…Read the comment

Topics related to 1 Samuel 14:3

• Ahiah
• Ahijah
• Ahitub
• I-Chabod
• Jonathan

In the dictionaries

• Jonathan
• Phinehas
• Shiloh
• Ahijah
• Ahimelech
• Ahitub
• Discomfiture
• Discover
• Enlighten
• Ephod

Commentaries on 1 Samuel 14

• Adam Clarke Bible Commentary
• Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
• Matthew Henry Concise Commentary
• Tyndale Open Study Notes
• Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary
• Rashi on Tanakh
• Keil & Delitzsch Commentary
• John Wesley’s Notes
• Darby Translation Notes
• Geneva Bible Translation Notes
• Kingcomments
• Matthew Henry’s Complete Commentary
• Matthew Henry’s Modern English Commentary
• Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary
• EGW Writings