1 Samuel 14:3

1 Samuel 14:3 in other versions

• King James Version (KJV)And Ahiah, the son of Ahitub, I–chabod’s brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the Lord’s priest in Shiloh, wearing an ephod. And the people knew not that Jonathan was gone.
• New International Version (NIV)among whom was Ahijah, who was wearing an ephod. He was a son of Ichabod’s brother Ahitub son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the Lord’s priest in Shiloh. No one was aware that Jonathan had left.
• English Standard Version (ESV)including Ahijah the son of Ahitub, Ichabod's brother, son of Phinehas, son of Eli, the priest of the Lord in Shiloh, wearing an ephod. And the people did not know that Jonathan had gone.
• New King James Version (NKJV)Ahijah the son of Ahitub, Ichabod’s brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the Lord’s priest in Shiloh, was wearing an ephod. But the people did not know that Jonathan had gone.

Context of 1 Samuel 14:3

1One day Jonathan son of Saul said to the young man carrying his armor, “Come, let’s cross over to the Philistines’ garrison that’s on the other side.” But he did not tell his father. 2Now Saul was sitting on the outskirts of Gibeah under the pomegranate tree that is in Migron, and the troops with him were about 600 men. Ahijah son of Ahitub, the brother of Ichabod son of Phinehas son of Eli, the kohen of Adonai in Shiloh, was wearing an ephod. But the troops did not know that Jonathan was gone. 4Between the crossings by which Jonathan sought to cross over to the Philistines’ garrison, there was a rocky crag on one side and another rocky crag on the other side—one was called Bozez and the other Seneh. 5One crag was to the north near Michmas, and the other to the south near Geba.

1 Samuel 14:3 word by word

וַאֲחִיָּ֣ה בֶן־אֲחִט֡וּב אֲחִ֡י אִיכָב֣וֹד׀ בֶּן־פִּינְחָ֨ס בֶּן־עֵלִ֜י כֹּהֵ֧ן׀ יְהוָ֛ה בְּשִׁל֖וֹ נֹשֵׂ֣א אֵפ֑וֹד וְהָעָם֙ לֹ֣א יָדַ֔ע כִּ֥י הָלַ֖ךְ יוֹנָתָֽן׃Read the interlinear

Words taken from the KJV.

• And Ahiahאֲחִיָּ֫הוּ'ăchîyâh 'ăchîyâhû · AhijahH281
• the sonבֵּןbên · son: childH1121
• of Ahitubאֲחִיטוּב'ăchîyţûb · AhitubH285
• I–chabod’sאִי־כָבוֹד'îy-kâbôd · IchabodH350
• brotherאָח'âch · brother: male-siblingH251
• of Phinehasפִּינְחָסpîynechâs · PhinehasH6372
• of Eliעֵלִי‛êlîy · EliH5941
• the Lord’sיְהֹוָהyehôvâh · LORDH3068
• priestכֹּהֵןkôhên · priestH3548
• in Shilohשִׁלוֹshîylôh shilôh shîylô shilô · ShilohH7887
• wearingנָשָׂאnâώâ' nâsâh · to lift: bearH5375
• an ephodאֵפוֹד'êphôd 'êphôd · ephodH646
• And the peopleעַם‛am · peopleH5971
• knewיָדַעyâda‛ · to knowH3045
• not that Jonathanיוֹנָתָןyônâthân · JonathanH3129
• was goneהָלַךְhâlak · to go: wentH1980

Cross-references for 1 Samuel 14:3

• 1 Samuel 22:9Then Doeg the Edomite, who was standing among Saul’s courtiers, answered and said, “I saw the son of Jesse coming to Nob—to Ahimelech son of Ahitub—
• 1 Samuel 4:21Then she named the child Ichabod saying, “The glory has departed from Israel”—because of the capture of the ark of God, and because of her father-in-law and her husband.
• 1 Samuel 2:28Also did I not choose them from all the tribes of Israel to be My kohanim, to officiate at My altar, to burn incense and to wear an ephod before Me? Did I not give to the house of your father all the fire offerings of Bnei-Yisrael?
• Exodus 28:26So you are to make two rings of gold, and put them on the two ends of the breastplate, on the edge of it that is toward the inner side of the ephod.

Commentaries on 1 Samuel 14:3

• Adam Clarke Bible Commentary · v. 3Ahiah, the son of Ahitub - Phinehas, son of Eli the high priests had two sons, Ahitub and I-chabod; the latter was born when the ark was taken, and his mother died immediately after. Ahiah is also called Ahimelech, 1 Samuel 22:9. Wearing an ephod - That is, performing the functions of the high priest. This man does not appear to have been with Saul when he offered the sacrifices, 1 Samuel 13:9, etc.Read the comment
• Barnes’ Notes on the Bible · v. 3Whether “Ahiah” or “Ahijah” is the same person as “Ahimelech the son of Ahitub” (see the marginal reference), or whether Ahimelech was the brother or son of Ahijah, and his successor in the priesthood, it is impossible to say certainly. Most probably “Ahijah” and “Ahimilech” are variations of the same name; the latter element in each alone being different, מלך melek (king) being substituted for the divine name יה yâhh Compare “Eliakim” and “Jehoiakim” 2…Read the comment
• Tyndale Open Study Notes · v. 3Ahijah the priest served as an adviser to Saul. He could seek God’s guidance for Saul by using the ephod (a sacred garment used to ask God for direction, 1 Samuel 14:18–19; see also 1 Samuel 2:18 and study note on 1 Samuel 2:18; 1 Samuel 23:9–10). son of Eli: Saul, the rejected king (1 Samuel 13:13–14), kept a priest from the rejected priesthood with him (1 Samuel 2:27–36). Ichabod: See 1 Samuel 4:21.Read the comment
• Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary · v. 1-141Sa 14:1-14. Jonathan Miraculously Smites the Philistines' Garrison. 1. the Philistines' garrison--"the standing camp" (1Sa 13:23, Margin) "in the passage of Michmash" (1Sa 13:16), now Wady Es-Suweinit. "It begins in the neighborhood of Betin (Beth-el) and El-Bireh (Beetroth), and as it breaks through the ridge below these places, its sides form precipitous walls. On the right, about a quarter of an acre below, it again breaks off, and passes between high…Read the comment

Topics related to 1 Samuel 14:3

• Ahiah
• Ahijah
• Ahitub
• I-Chabod
• Jonathan

In the dictionaries

• Jonathan
• Phinehas
• Shiloh
• Ahijah
• Ahimelech
• Ahitub
• Discomfiture
• Discover
• Enlighten
• Ephod

Commentaries on 1 Samuel 14

• Adam Clarke Bible Commentary
• Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
• Matthew Henry Concise Commentary
• Tyndale Open Study Notes
• Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary
• Rashi on Tanakh
• Keil & Delitzsch Commentary
• John Wesley’s Notes
• Darby Translation Notes
• Geneva Bible Translation Notes
• Kingcomments
• Matthew Henry’s Complete Commentary
• Matthew Henry’s Modern English Commentary
• Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary
• EGW Writings