Genesis 1:2

Genesis 1:2 in other versions

• King James Version (KJV)And the earth was without form and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.
• New International Version (NIV)Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters.
• English Standard Version (ESV)The earth was without form and void, and darkness was over the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God was hovering over the face of the waters.
• New King James Version (NKJV)The earth was without form, and void; and darkness was on the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God was hovering over the face of the waters.

Context of Genesis 1:2

1In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. The earth was formless and void, and darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was moving over the surface of the waters. 3Then God said, “Let there be light”; and there was light. 4God saw that the light was good; and God separated the light from the darkness.

Genesis 1:2 word by word

וְהָאָ֗רֶץ הָיְתָ֥ה תֹ֙הוּ֙ וָבֹ֔הוּ וְחֹ֖שֶׁךְ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י תְה֑וֹם וְר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֔ים מְרַחֶ֖פֶת עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַמָּֽיִם׃Read the interlinear

• The earthאֶ֫רֶץ'erets · land: country/planetH776
• formlessתֹּ֫הוּtôhû · formlessnessH8414
• and voidבֹּהוּbôhû · voidH922
• darknessחֹ֫שֶׁךְchôshek · darknessH2822
• was overעַל‛al · uponH5921
• surfaceפָּנֶהpânîym · face: surfaceH6440
• of the deepתְּהוֹםtehôm tehôm · abyssH8415
• the Spiritרוּחַrûach · spiritH7307
• of Godאֱלֹהִים'ĕlôhîym · GodH430
• movingרָחַףrâchaph · to hoverH7363
• of the watersמַיmayim · waterH4325

Cross-references for Genesis 1:2

• Job 26:7He stretches out the north over empty space And hangs the earth on nothing.
• Isaiah 45:18For thus says the Lord, who created the heavens (He is the God who formed the earth and made it, He established it and did not create it a waste place, but formed it to be inhabited), “I am the Lord, and there is none else.
• Jeremiah 4:23I looked on the earth, and behold, it was formless and void; And to the heavens, and they had no light.
• Nahum 2:10She is emptied! Yes, she is desolate and waste! Hearts are melting and knees knocking! Also anguish is in the whole body And all their faces are grown pale!
• Job 26:14Behold, these are the fringes of His ways; And how faint a word we hear of Him! But His mighty thunder, who can understand?”
• Psalms 33:6By the word of the Lord the heavens were made, And by the breath of His mouth all their host.
• Psalms 104:30You send forth Your Spirit, they are created; And You renew the face of the ground.
• Isaiah 40:12Who has measured the waters in the hollow of His hand, And marked off the heavens by the span, And calculated the dust of the earth by the measure, And weighed the mountains in a balance And the hills in a pair of scales?

Commentaries on Genesis 1:2

• Adam Clarke Bible Commentary · v. 2The earth was without form and void - The original term תהו tohu and בהו bohu, which we translate without form and void, are of uncertain etymology; but in this place, and wherever else they are used, they convey the idea of confusion and disorder. From these terms it is probable that the ancient Syrians and Egyptians borrowed their gods, Theuth and Bau, and the Greeks their Chaos. God seems at first to have created the elementary principles of all…Read the comment
• Barnes’ Notes on the Bible · v. 2- II. The Land היה hāyah “be.” It is to be noted, however, that the word has three meanings, two of which now scarcely belong to our English “be.” 1. “Be, as an event, start into being, begin to be, come to pass.” This may be understood of a thing beginning to be, אור יהי yehiy 'ôr “be light” Genesis 1:3; or of an event taking place, ימים מקץ ויהי vayehı̂y mı̂qēts yāmı̂ym “and it came to pass from the end of days.” 2. “Be,” as a change of state…Read the comment
• Tyndale Open Study Notes · v. 2This verse provides context for the summary in 1:1 and the detailed description in 1:3–2:3. God's words of creation bring order to the universe's chaos. formless and void (Hebrew tohu and bohu): This phrase means something like "wild and waste." It strongly contrasts with the final ordered state of the heavens and earth (1:1). surface of the deep (Hebrew pene tehom): Some scholars suggest this refers to the Mesopotamian goddess Tiamat (representing…Read the comment
• Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary · v. 22. the earth was without form and void--or in "confusion and emptiness," as the words are rendered in Is 34:11. This globe, at some undescribed period, having been convulsed and broken up, was a dark and watery waste for ages perhaps, till out of this chaotic state, the present fabric of the world was made to arise. the Spirit of God moved--literally, continued brooding over it, as a fowl does, when hatching eggs. The immediate agency of the Spirit, by…Read the comment

Topics related to Genesis 1:2

• Darkness
• God
• Holy Spirit
• Power

In the dictionaries

• God
• god, false god, goddess, idol, idolater, idolatrous, idolatry
• Appear
• Beginning
• Call
• Create
• Creation
• Darkness
• Deep
• Divide

Commentaries on Genesis 1

• Adam Clarke Bible Commentary
• Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
• Matthew Henry Concise Commentary
• Tyndale Open Study Notes
• Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary
• Rashi on Tanakh
• Calvin’s Commentaries
• Keil & Delitzsch Commentary
• John Wesley’s Notes
• Darby Translation Notes
• Geneva Bible Translation Notes
• Kingcomments
• Luther’s Commentary on Selected Bible Passages
• Matthew Henry’s Complete Commentary
• Matthew Henry’s Modern English Commentary
• Scofield Reference Notes, 1917 Edition
• Original Douay–Rheims Annotations
• Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary
• EGW Writings