Genesis 1:2

Genesis 1:2 in other versions

• King James Version (KJV)And the earth was without form and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.
• New International Version (NIV)Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters.
• English Standard Version (ESV)The earth was without form and void, and darkness was over the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God was hovering over the face of the waters.
• New King James Version (NKJV)The earth was without form, and void; and darkness was on the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God was hovering over the face of the waters.

Context of Genesis 1:2

1In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. Now the earth was chaos and waste, darkness was on the surface of the deep, and the Ruach Elohim was hovering upon the surface of the water. 3Then God said, “Let there be light!” and there was light. 4God saw that the light was good. So God distinguished the light from the darkness.

Genesis 1:2 word by word

וְהָאָ֗רֶץ הָיְתָ֥ה תֹ֙הוּ֙ וָבֹ֔הוּ וְחֹ֖שֶׁךְ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י תְה֑וֹם וְר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֔ים מְרַחֶ֖פֶת עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַמָּֽיִם׃Read the interlinear

Words taken from the KJV.

• And the earthאֶ֫רֶץ'erets · land: country/planetH776
• wasהָיָהhâyâh · to beH1961
• without formתֹּ֫הוּtôhû · formlessnessH8414
• and voidבֹּהוּbôhû · voidH922
• and darknessחֹ֫שֶׁךְchôshek · darknessH2822
• upon the faceפָּנֶהpânîym · face: surfaceH6440
• of the deepתְּהוֹםtehôm tehôm · abyssH8415
• And the Spiritרוּחַrûach · spiritH7307
• of Godאֱלֹהִים'ĕlôhîym · GodH430
• movedרָחַףrâchaph · to hoverH7363
• uponעַל‛al · uponH5921
• of the watersמַיmayim · waterH4325

Cross-references for Genesis 1:2

• Job 26:7He stretches out the north over the void; He suspends the earth over nothing.
• Isaiah 45:18For thus says Adonai— He is God who fashioned the heavens, who formed the earth and made it, He established it and did not create it desolate but formed it to be inhabited— “I am Adonai—there is no other!”
• Jeremiah 4:23I looked at the earth and behold, it was deserted and desolate, and at the heavens and they had no light.
• Nahum 2:10Plunder the silver! Plunder the gold! For there is no end of treasure— glory from everything precious.
• Job 26:14Indeed, these are but glimpses of His ways; how faint the whisper, we hear of Him! Who then can understand the thunder of His might?”
• Psalms 33:6By Adonai’s word were the heavens made, and all their host by the breath of His mouth.
• Psalms 104:30You send forth Your Ruach— they are created, and You renew the face of the earth.
• Isaiah 40:12Who has measured the waters in the palm of His hand, or measured out heaven with a span, or calculated the dust of the earth in a measure, or weighed the mountains in scales, or the hills in a balance?

Commentaries on Genesis 1:2

• Adam Clarke Bible Commentary · v. 2The earth was without form and void - The original term תהו tohu and בהו bohu, which we translate without form and void, are of uncertain etymology; but in this place, and wherever else they are used, they convey the idea of confusion and disorder. From these terms it is probable that the ancient Syrians and Egyptians borrowed their gods, Theuth and Bau, and the Greeks their Chaos. God seems at first to have created the elementary principles of all…Read the comment
• Barnes’ Notes on the Bible · v. 2- II. The Land היה hāyah “be.” It is to be noted, however, that the word has three meanings, two of which now scarcely belong to our English “be.” 1. “Be, as an event, start into being, begin to be, come to pass.” This may be understood of a thing beginning to be, אור יהי yehiy 'ôr “be light” Genesis 1:3; or of an event taking place, ימים מקץ ויהי vayehı̂y mı̂qēts yāmı̂ym “and it came to pass from the end of days.” 2. “Be,” as a change of state…Read the comment
• Tyndale Open Study Notes · v. 2This verse provides context for the summary in 1:1 and the detailed description in 1:3–2:3. God's words of creation bring order to the universe's chaos. formless and void (Hebrew tohu and bohu): This phrase means something like "wild and waste." It strongly contrasts with the final ordered state of the heavens and earth (1:1). surface of the deep (Hebrew pene tehom): Some scholars suggest this refers to the Mesopotamian goddess Tiamat (representing…Read the comment
• Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary · v. 22. the earth was without form and void--or in "confusion and emptiness," as the words are rendered in Is 34:11. This globe, at some undescribed period, having been convulsed and broken up, was a dark and watery waste for ages perhaps, till out of this chaotic state, the present fabric of the world was made to arise. the Spirit of God moved--literally, continued brooding over it, as a fowl does, when hatching eggs. The immediate agency of the Spirit, by…Read the comment

Topics related to Genesis 1:2

• Darkness
• God
• Holy Spirit
• Power

In the dictionaries

• God
• god, false god, goddess, idol, idolater, idolatrous, idolatry
• Appear
• Beginning
• Call
• Create
• Creation
• Darkness
• Deep
• Divide

Commentaries on Genesis 1

• Adam Clarke Bible Commentary
• Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
• Matthew Henry Concise Commentary
• Tyndale Open Study Notes
• Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary
• Rashi on Tanakh
• Calvin’s Commentaries
• Keil & Delitzsch Commentary
• John Wesley’s Notes
• Darby Translation Notes
• Geneva Bible Translation Notes
• Kingcomments
• Luther’s Commentary on Selected Bible Passages
• Matthew Henry’s Complete Commentary
• Matthew Henry’s Modern English Commentary
• Scofield Reference Notes, 1917 Edition
• Original Douay–Rheims Annotations
• Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary
• EGW Writings