John 19:31

John 19:31 in other versions

• King James Version (KJV)The Jews therefore, because it was the preparation, that the bodies should not remain upon the cross on the sabbath day, (for that sabbath day was an high day,) besought Pilate that their legs might be broken, and that they might be taken away.
• New International Version (NIV)Now it was the day of Preparation, and the next day was to be a special Sabbath. Because the Jewish leaders did not want the bodies left on the crosses during the Sabbath, they asked Pilate to have the legs broken and the bodies taken down.
• English Standard Version (ESV)Since it was the day of Preparation, and so that the bodies would not remain on the cross on the Sabbath (for that Sabbath was a high day), the Jews asked Pilate that their legs might be broken and that they might be taken away.
• New King James Version (NKJV)Therefore, because it was the Preparation Day, that the bodies should not remain on the cross on the Sabbath (for that Sabbath was a high day), the Jews asked Pilate that their legs might be broken, and that they might be taken away.

Context of John 19:31

29A jar full of sour wine was placed there; so they put a sponge soaked in the sour wine on [a branch of] hyssop and held it to His mouth. 30When Jesus had received the sour wine, He said, “It is finished!” And He bowed His head and [voluntarily] gave up His spirit. Since it was the day of Preparation [for the Sabbath], in order to prevent the bodies from hanging on the cross on the Sabbath (for that Sabbath was a high holy day) the Jews asked Pilate to have their legs broken [to hasten death] and the bodies taken away. 32So the soldiers came and broke the legs of the first man, and of the other who had been crucified with Him. 33But when they came to Jesus and saw that He was already dead, they did not break His legs.

John 19:31 word by word

Οἱ οὖν Ἰουδαῖοι, ἐπεὶ παρασκευὴ ἦν, ἵνα μὴ μείνῃ ἐπὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ τὰ σώματα ἐν τῷ σαββάτῳ, ἦν γὰρ μεγάλη ἡ ἡμέρα ἐκείνου τοῦ σαββάτου, ἠρώτησαν τὸν Πιλᾶτον ἵνα κατεαγῶσιν αὐτῶν τὰ σκέλη καὶ ἀρθῶσιν.Read the interlinear

Words taken from the KJV.

• The Jewsὁho hē to · the/this/whoG3588
• The JewsἸουδαῖοςIoudaios · JewG2453
• thereforeοὖνoun · therefore/thenG3767
• becauseἐπείepei · sinceG1893
• it wasεἰμίeimi · to beG1510
• the preparationπαρασκευήparaskeuē · PreparationG3904
• thatἵναhina · in order that/toG2443
• the bodiesσῶμαsōma · bodyG4983
• shouldμένωmenō · to stayG3306
• notμήmē · notG3361
• uponἐπίepi · upon/to/againstG1909
• the crossσταυρόςstauros · crossG4716
• onἐνen · in/on/amongG1722
• the sabbath dayσάββατονsabbaton · SabbathG4521
• forγάρgar · forG1063
• thatἐκεῖνοςekeinos · thatG1565
• an highμέγαςmegas · greatG3173
• dayἡμέραhēmera · dayG2250
• besoughtἐρωτάωerōtaō · to askG2065
• PilateΠιλᾶτοςPilatos · PilateG4091
• theirαὐτόςautos · it/s/heG846
• legsσκέλοςskelos · legG4628
• might be brokenκατάγνυμιkatagnumi · to breakG2608
• andκαίkai · andG2532
• they might be taken awayαἴρωairō · to take upG142

Cross-references for John 19:31

• John 19:14Now it was the day of Preparation for the Passover [week], and it was about the sixth hour (noon). He said to the Jews, “Look, your King!”
• Matthew 27:62The next day, that is, the day after the [day of] preparation [for the Sabbath], the chief priests and the Pharisees assembled before Pilate,
• Mark 15:42When evening had already come, because it was the preparation day, that is, the day before the Sabbath,
• Deuteronomy 21:22“And if a man has committed a sin worthy of death, and he is put to death and [afterward] you hang him on a tree [as a public example],
• Leviticus 23:7On the first day you shall have a holy convocation (calling together); you shall not do any laborious work [on that day].
• John 19:1So then Pilate took Jesus and had Him scourged (flogged, whipped).
• Proverbs 12:10A righteous man has kind regard for the life of his animal, But even the compassion of the wicked is cruel.
• Micah 3:3You who eat the flesh of my people, Strip off their skin from them, Break their bones And chop them in pieces as for the pot, Like meat in a kettle.”

Commentaries on John 19:31

• Adam Clarke Bible Commentary · v. 31It was the preparation - Every Sabbath had a preparation which began at the ninth hour (that is, three o'clock) the preceding evening. Josephus, Ant. b. xvi. c. 6, s. 2, recites an edict of the Emperor Augustus in favor of the Jews, which orders, "that no one shall be obliged to give bail or surety on the Sabbath day, nor on the preparation before it, after the ninth hour." The time fixed here was undoubtedly in conformity to the Jewish custom, as they…Read the comment
• Barnes’ Notes on the Bible · v. 31The preparation - John 19:14. That the bodies … - The law required that the bodies of those who were hung should not remain suspended during the night. See Deuteronomy 21:22-23. That law was made when the punishment by crucifixion was unknown, and when those who were suspended would almost immediately expire. In the punishment by crucifixion, life was lengthened out for four, five, or eight days. The Jews therefore requested that their death might be…Read the comment
• Matthew Henry Concise Commentary · v. 31-37Verses 31-37 A trial was made whether Jesus was dead. He died in less time than persons crucified commonly did. It showed that he had laid down his life of himself. The spear broke up the very fountains of life; no human body could survive such a wound. But its being so solemnly attested, shows there was something peculiar in it. The blood and water that flowed out, signified those two great benefits which all believers partake of through Christ…Read the comment
• Tyndale Open Study Notes · v. 31-33The Jewish authorities, eager to complete the crucifixion before Sabbath began at dusk, asked Pilate to break the legs of the men. It was common to break the legs of those crucified with a tool. It caused them to stop breathing and bleed excessively because the victim could not push themselves up to breathe.Read the comment
• Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary · v. 31-4231-37. the preparation--sabbath eve. that the bodies should not remain--over night, against the Mosaic law (De 21:22, 23). on the sabbath day, for that sabbath day was an high day--or "great" day--the first day of unleavened bread, and, as concurring with an ordinary sabbath, the most solemn season of the ecclesiastical year. Hence their peculiar jealousy lest the law should be infringed. besought Pilate that their legs might be broken--to hasten their…Read the comment

Topics related to John 19:31

• Day
• Jesus, the Christ
• Legs
• Preparation Day
• Sabbath

In the dictionaries

• Pilate; Pontius
• Pilate
• High Day
• Crucifixion
• Humiliation of Christ
• Thenceforth
• Writing
• Chronology of the New Testament
• Day Before the Sabbath
• Jesus Christ

Commentaries on John 19

• Adam Clarke Bible Commentary
• Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
• Matthew Henry Concise Commentary
• Tyndale Open Study Notes
• Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary
• Calvin’s Commentaries
• John Wesley’s Notes
• Catena Aurea
• Illustrated New Testament
• Burkitt’s Expository Notes
• Darby Translation Notes
• Family Bible Notes
• Geneva Bible Translation Notes
• Kingcomments
• John Lightfoot Commentary
• Matthew Henry’s Complete Commentary
• Matthew Henry’s Modern English Commentary
• The People’s New Testament
• Robertson’s Word Pictures
• Scofield Reference Notes, 1917 Edition
• The Fourfold Gospel and Commentary on Acts
• Original Douay–Rheims Annotations
• Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary
• EGW Writings