Strong G1063γάρ
for
- Transliteration
- gar
- Pronunciation
- gar
- Morphology
- Greek Conjunction
Definition
A primary particle; properly assigning a reason (used in argument explanation or intensification; often with other particles): - and as because (that) but even for indeed no doubt seeing then therefore verily what why yet.
Detailed definition
γάρ,
co-ordinating particle, contr. of γε ἄρα,
verily then, hence, in truth, indeed, yea, then, why, and when giving a reason or explanation, for, the usage in NT being in general accord with that of cl.;
1. explicative and epexegetic: Mat.4:18 19:12, Mrk.1:16 5:42 16:4, Luk.11:3o, Rom.7:1, 1Co.16:5, al.
2. Conclusive, in questions, answers and exclamations: Mat.9:5 27:23, Luk.9:25 22:27, Jhn.9:30, Act.8:31 16:37 19:35, Rom.15:26, 1Co.9:10, Php.1:18 (Ellic., in l.), 1Th.2:20, al.
3. Causal: Mat.1:21 2:2, 5, 6, 3:23, Mrk.1:22, 9:6, Luk.1:15, 18, Jhn.2:25, Act.2:25, Rom.1:9, 11, 1Co.11:5, Rev.1:3, al.; giving the reason for a command or prohibition, Mat.2:20 3:9, Rom.13:11, Col.3:3, 1Th.4:3, al.; where the cause is contained in an interrog. statement, Luk.22:27, Rom.3:3 4:3, 1Co.10:29; καὶ γάρ, for also, Mrk.10:45, Luk.6:32, 1Co.5:7, al. id. as in cl. = etenim, where the καί loses its connective force (Bl., §78, 6; Kühner 3, ii, 854f.), Mrk.14:70, Luk.1:66 22:37, 2Co.13:4. The proper place of γάρ is after the first word in a clause, but in poets it often comes third or fourth, and so in late prose: 2Co.1:19. Yet "not the number but the nature of the word after which it stands is the point to be noticed" (see Thayer, see word).
(AS)
co-ordinating particle, contr. of γε ἄρα,
verily then, hence, in truth, indeed, yea, then, why, and when giving a reason or explanation, for, the usage in NT being in general accord with that of cl.;
1. explicative and epexegetic: Mat.4:18 19:12, Mrk.1:16 5:42 16:4, Luk.11:3o, Rom.7:1, 1Co.16:5, al.
2. Conclusive, in questions, answers and exclamations: Mat.9:5 27:23, Luk.9:25 22:27, Jhn.9:30, Act.8:31 16:37 19:35, Rom.15:26, 1Co.9:10, Php.1:18 (Ellic., in l.), 1Th.2:20, al.
3. Causal: Mat.1:21 2:2, 5, 6, 3:23, Mrk.1:22, 9:6, Luk.1:15, 18, Jhn.2:25, Act.2:25, Rom.1:9, 11, 1Co.11:5, Rev.1:3, al.; giving the reason for a command or prohibition, Mat.2:20 3:9, Rom.13:11, Col.3:3, 1Th.4:3, al.; where the cause is contained in an interrog. statement, Luk.22:27, Rom.3:3 4:3, 1Co.10:29; καὶ γάρ, for also, Mrk.10:45, Luk.6:32, 1Co.5:7, al. id. as in cl. = etenim, where the καί loses its connective force (Bl., §78, 6; Kühner 3, ii, 854f.), Mrk.14:70, Luk.1:66 22:37, 2Co.13:4. The proper place of γάρ is after the first word in a clause, but in poets it often comes third or fourth, and so in late prose: 2Co.1:19. Yet "not the number but the nature of the word after which it stands is the point to be noticed" (see Thayer, see word).
(AS)
In the Bible
Strong G1063 appears in 1,016 verses of the KJV.
Translated in the KJV by
- for985
- because4
- what4
- and3
- yet3
- but2
- indeed2
- verily2
- doubt1
- even1
- in1
- let1
First verses
- Matthew 1:18Now the birth of Jesus Christ was on this wise: When as his mother Mary was espoused to Joseph, before they came together, she was found with child of the Holy Ghost.
- Matthew 1:20But while he thought on these things, behold, the angel of the Lord appeared unto him in a dream, saying, Joseph, thou son of David, fear not to take unto thee Mary thy wife: for that which is conceived in her is of the Holy Ghost.
- Matthew 1:21And she shall bring forth a son, and thou shalt call his name JESUS: for he shall save his people from their sins.
- Matthew 2:2Saying, Where is he that is born King of the Jews? for we have seen his star in the east, and are come to worship him.
- Matthew 2:5And they said unto him, In Bethlehem of Judea: for thus it is written by the prophet,
- Matthew 2:6And thou Bethlehem, in the land of Juda, art not the least among the princes of Juda: for out of thee shall come a Governor, that shall rule my people Israel.
- Matthew 2:13And when they were departed, behold, the angel of the Lord appeareth to Joseph in a dream, saying, Arise, and take the young child and his mother, and flee into Egypt, and be thou there until I bring thee word: for Herod will seek the young child to destroy him.
- Matthew 2:20Saying, Arise, and take the young child and his mother, and go into the land of Israel: for they are dead which sought the young child’s life.
- Matthew 3:2And saying, Repent ye: for the kingdom of heaven is at hand.
- Matthew 3:3For this is he that was spoken of by the prophet Esaias, saying, The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make his paths straight.
- Matthew 3:9And think not to say within yourselves, We have Abraham to our father: for I say unto you, that God is able of these stones to raise up children unto Abraham.
- Matthew 3:15And Jesus answering said unto him, Suffer it to be so now: for thus it becometh us to fulfil all righteousness. Then he suffered him.
- Matthew 4:6And saith unto him, If thou be the Son of God, cast thyself down: for it is written, He shall give his angels charge concerning thee: and in their hands they shall bear thee up, lest at any time thou dash thy foot against a stone.
- Matthew 4:10Then saith Jesus unto him, Get thee hence, Satan: for it is written, Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and him only shalt thou serve.
- Matthew 4:17From that time Jesus began to preach, and to say, Repent: for the kingdom of heaven is at hand.
- Matthew 4:18And Jesus, walking by the sea of Galilee, saw two brethren, Simon called Peter, and Andrew his brother, casting a net into the sea: for they were fishers.
- Matthew 5:12Rejoice, and be exceeding glad: for great is your reward in heaven: for so persecuted they the prophets which were before you.
- Matthew 5:18For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled.
- Matthew 5:20For I say unto you, That except your righteousness shall exceed the righteousness of the scribes and Pharisees, ye shall in no case enter into the kingdom of heaven.
- Matthew 5:29And if thy right eye offend thee, pluck it out, and cast it from thee: for it is profitable for thee that one of thy members should perish, and not that thy whole body should be cast into hell.
Occurrences by book
Related words
Word family
Detailed Greek dictionary
γάρ
(γε, ἄρα), causal conjunction, used alone or with other Particles.
I introducing the reason or cause of what precedes, for, τῷ γὰρ ἐπὶ φρεσὶ θῆκε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη· κήδετο γ. Δαναῶν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.56, etc.)]; but frequently in explanation of that which is implied in the preceding clause, πολλάων πολίων κατέλυσε κάρηνα.. τοῦ γὰρ κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον [Refs (2.118, etc.: hence,)]
I.b in simple explanations, especially after a Pronoun or demonstrative adjective, ἀλλὰ τόδ᾽ αἰνὸν ἄχος κραδίην καὶ θυμὸν ἱκάνει· Ἕκτωρ γ. ποτε φήσει [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8.148, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.163)]; ὃ δὲ δεινότατον.. ὁ Ζεὺς γ... [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 514; ὃ δὲ πάντων ἀδικώτατον ἔδοξε· τῶν γὰρ προγε γραμμένων ἠτίμωσε καὶ υἱούς 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Sulla” 31)]; frequently in introducing proofs or examples, μαρτύριον δέ· Δήλου γ. καθαιρομένης.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.8)]; τεκμήριον δέ· οὔτε γ. Λακεδαιμόνιοι.. [Refs 4th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 2.39, compare 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 20.10, etc.)]; in full, τεκμήριον δὲ τούτου τόδε· αἱ μὲν γ... [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.58)]; παράδειγμα τόδε τοῦ λόγου· ἐκ γ... [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.2; δηλοῖ δέ μοι τόδε· πρὸ γ... [prev. work] 3.)]
I.c to introduce a detailed description or narration already alluded to, ὅμως δὲ λεκτέα ἃ γιγνώσκω· ἔχει γ. [ἡ χώρα] πεδία κάλλιστα.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 5.6.6, etc.)]
I.d in answers to questions or statements challenging assent or denial, yes,.., no,.. , οὔκουν.. ἀνάγκη ἐστ;—ἀνάγκη γ. οὖν, ἔφη, ay doubtless it is necessary, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 2.1.7, compare § 4 and 13; indicating assent, ἔχει γ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 268a)]; ἱκανὸς γ., ἔφη, συμβαίνει γ., ἔφη, [Refs ([prev. author] “R.” 502b, 502c,compare “Ap.” 41a, etc.)]; οὔκουν δὴ τό γ᾽ εἰκός.—οὐ γ.: [Refs ([prev. author] “Phdr.” 276c.)]
I.2 by inversion, preceding the fact explained, since, as, Ἀτρεΐδη, πολλοὶ γ. τεθνᾶσιν Ἀχαιοί.. τῷ σε χρὴ πόλεμον παῦσαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.328)]; χρόνου δὲ οὐ πολλοῦ διελθόντος (χρῆν γ. Κανδαύλῃ γενέσθαι κακῶς) ἔλεγε πρὸς τὸν Γύγην τοιάδε, Γύγη, οὐ γ. σε δοκέω πείθεσθαι.. (ὦτα γ. τυγχάνει κτλ.), ποίει ὅκως.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.8. compare 6.102, +others)]; εἶεν, σὺ γ. τούτων ἐπιστήμων, τί χρὴ ποιεῖ; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 117a)]; the principal proposition is sometimes
I.2.b blended with the causal one, τῇ δὲ κακῶς γ. ἔδεε γενέσθαι εἶπε, i.e. ἡ δέ (κακῶς γ. οἱ ἔδεε γενέσθαι) εἶπε [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.109, compare 1.24, 4.149, 200, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.72, 8.30.)]
I.2.c attached to the hypothet. Particle instead of being joined to the apodosis, οὐδ᾽ εἰ γ. ἦν τὸ πρᾶγμα μὴ θεήλατον, ἀκάθαρτον ὑμᾶς εἰκὸς ἦν οὕτως ἐᾶν, i.e. οὐδὲ γ. εἰ ἦν.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 255.)]
I.2.d repeated, οὐ γ. οὖν σιγήσομαι· ἔτικτε γ... [Refs ([prev. author] “OC” 980, compare “Ant.” 659f, 1255.)]
I.3 in elliptical phrases, where that of which γάρ gives the reason is omitted, and must be supplied,
I.3.a frequently in Trag. dialogue and [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus)], when yes or no may be supplied from the context, καὶ δῆτ᾽ ἐτόλμας τούσδ᾽ ὑπερβαίνειν νόμου;—οὐ γ. τί μοι Ζεὺς ἦν ὁ κηρύξας τάδε [yes], for it was not Zeus, etc., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 450, compare “OT” 102, etc.; καλῶς γὰρ αὐτὸς ἠγάνισαι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 194a)]; frequently in phrase ἔστι γ. οὕτω [yes], for so it is, i. e. yes certainly: λέγεταί τι καινό; γένοιτο γ. ἄν τι καινότερον ἢ..; [why,] could there be.. ? [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 4.10; with negatives, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 262 τούτῳ γ. οὐ νικήσετε)] [do so], yet shall ye never prevail by this means: for ἀλλὰ γ., see below[Refs (11.1.)]
I.3.b to confirm or strengthen something said, οἵδ᾽ οὐκέτ᾽ εἰσί· τοῦτο γάρ σε δήξεται [I say this], for it will sting thee, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 1370)]: after an Exclamation, ὦ πόποι· ἀνάριθμα γ. φέρω πήματα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 168 (Lyric poetry), compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Helena” 857.)]
I.3.c in conditional propositions, where the condition is omitted, else, οὐ γ. ἄν με ἔπεμπον πάλιν (i.e. εἰ μὴ ἐπίστευον) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 7.6.33)]; γίνεται γ. ἡ κοινωνία συμμαχία for in that case, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1280b8.)]
I.4 in abrupt questions, why, what, τίς γ. σε θεῶν ἐμοὶ ἄγγελον ἧκε; why who hath sent thee? [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.182; πῶς γ. νῦν.. εὕδουσ; 10.424)]; πατροκτονοῦσα γ. ξυνοικήσεις ἐμο; what, wilt thou.. ? [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 909: generally, after _interrogative_ Particles, ἦ γ.)]..; what, was it.. ? [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1000, 1039, etc.)]; τί γ.; quid enim? i. e. it must be so, [Refs ([prev. author] “OC” 539, 542, 547, etc.)]; τί γ. δή ποτ; [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.44)]; also πῶς γ.; πῶς γ. ο;, see at {πῶς}.
I.5 to strengthen a wish, with optative, κακῶς γ. ἐξόλοιο O that you might perish ! [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Cyclops” 261)]; compare αἴ, εἰ, εἴθε, πῶς.
II joined with other Particles:
II.1 ἀλλὰ γ. where γάρ gives the reason of a clause to be supplied between ἀλλά and itself, as ἀλλ᾽ ἐν γὰρ Τρώων πεδίῳ.. but [far otherwise], for.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.739)]; ἀλλὰ γὰρ ἥκουσ᾽ αἵδ᾽ ἐπὶ πρᾶγος πικρόν but [hush], for.., [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 861)]; ἀλλ᾽ οὐ γ. σ᾽ ἐθέλω.. but [look out] for.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.242; in full, ἀλλ᾽ οὐ γάρ σφιν ἐφαίνετο κέρδιον εἶναι μαίεσθαι προτέρω, τοὶ μὲν πάλιν αὖτις ἔβαινον 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.355; ἀλλ᾽, οὐ γ. ἔπειθε, διδοῖ τὸ φᾶρος 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.109.)]
II.2 γ. ἄρα for indeed, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 315d, “Smp.” 205b.)]
II.3 γ. δή for of course, for you know, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.301, 23.607, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.34, 114, etc.)]; φάμεν γ. δή yes certainly we say so, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 187e, compare 164d; οὐ γ. δή 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 46, etc.)]
II.4 γ. νυ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.359.)]
II.5 γ. οὖν for indeed, to confirm or explain, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.232, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.34, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 489, 771, etc.)]; φησὶ γ. οὖν yes of course he says so, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 170a; γ. οὖν δή [prev. author] “Prm.” 148c, etc.; οὐ γ. οὖν [prev. work] 134b)]; compare τοιγαροῦν.
II.6 γ. που for I suppose, especially with negatives, [Refs ([prev. author] “R.” 381c, “Phd.” 62d, etc.; οὐ γ. δήπου [prev. author] “Prt.” 309c.)]
II.7 γ. ῥα, ={γὰρ ἄρα}, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.113, +others)]
II.8 γ. τε, [Refs (23.156)]; also τε γ. [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 19.159, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1333a2, +others)]
II.9 γ. τοι for surely.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Helena” 93, “Supp.” 564, etc.; οὐ γ. τοι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.172, etc.)]; compare τοιγάρτοι.
B POSITION: γάρ properly stands after the first word in a clause, but in Pocts it frequently stands third or fourth, when the preceding words are closely connected, as ὁ μὲν γὰρ.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 764)]; χἠ ναῦς γὰρ.. [Refs ([prev. author] “Ph.” 527)]; τό τ᾽ εἰκαθεῖν γὰρ.. [Refs ([prev. author] “Ant.” 1096)]; τὸ μὴ θέμις γὰρ.. [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 641, compare 753: also in Prose, τὸ κατ᾽ ἀξίαν γὰρ.. 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1163b11)]: sometimes for metrical reasons, where there is no such connexion, as third [Refs 5th c.BC+ ((4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 222.729, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 219 (all Lyric poetry)), fourth (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 1545))]; in later Comedy texts fifth [Refs 4th c.BC+ ((4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 462.2); sixth (4th c.BC: Antiphanes Comicus 26.22); seventh (4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Ἐπιτρέποντες” 531, “Pk.” 170, 3rd c.BC: Athenio Comicus 1.5))]; once sixth in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus, καιρὸς καὶ πλοῦς ὅδ᾽ ἐπείγει γὰρ κατὰ πρύμναν “Ph.” 1451.)]
B.2 inserted before the demonstrative -ί, as νυνγαρί for νυνὶ γά; compare νυνί.
C QUANTITY: γάρ is sometimes long in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus for the sake of meter, θήσειν γὰρ ἔτ᾽ ἔμελλεν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.39; φωνῆς γὰρ ἤκουσα “hymnus ad Cererem” 57)].—In Attic dialect always short: [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 366, “V.” 217, “Lys.” 20 are corrupt.)]
(γε, ἄρα), causal conjunction, used alone or with other Particles.
I introducing the reason or cause of what precedes, for, τῷ γὰρ ἐπὶ φρεσὶ θῆκε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη· κήδετο γ. Δαναῶν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.56, etc.)]; but frequently in explanation of that which is implied in the preceding clause, πολλάων πολίων κατέλυσε κάρηνα.. τοῦ γὰρ κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον [Refs (2.118, etc.: hence,)]
I.b in simple explanations, especially after a Pronoun or demonstrative adjective, ἀλλὰ τόδ᾽ αἰνὸν ἄχος κραδίην καὶ θυμὸν ἱκάνει· Ἕκτωρ γ. ποτε φήσει [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8.148, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.163)]; ὃ δὲ δεινότατον.. ὁ Ζεὺς γ... [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 514; ὃ δὲ πάντων ἀδικώτατον ἔδοξε· τῶν γὰρ προγε γραμμένων ἠτίμωσε καὶ υἱούς 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Sulla” 31)]; frequently in introducing proofs or examples, μαρτύριον δέ· Δήλου γ. καθαιρομένης.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.8)]; τεκμήριον δέ· οὔτε γ. Λακεδαιμόνιοι.. [Refs 4th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 2.39, compare 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 20.10, etc.)]; in full, τεκμήριον δὲ τούτου τόδε· αἱ μὲν γ... [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.58)]; παράδειγμα τόδε τοῦ λόγου· ἐκ γ... [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.2; δηλοῖ δέ μοι τόδε· πρὸ γ... [prev. work] 3.)]
I.c to introduce a detailed description or narration already alluded to, ὅμως δὲ λεκτέα ἃ γιγνώσκω· ἔχει γ. [ἡ χώρα] πεδία κάλλιστα.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 5.6.6, etc.)]
I.d in answers to questions or statements challenging assent or denial, yes,.., no,.. , οὔκουν.. ἀνάγκη ἐστ;—ἀνάγκη γ. οὖν, ἔφη, ay doubtless it is necessary, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 2.1.7, compare § 4 and 13; indicating assent, ἔχει γ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 268a)]; ἱκανὸς γ., ἔφη, συμβαίνει γ., ἔφη, [Refs ([prev. author] “R.” 502b, 502c,compare “Ap.” 41a, etc.)]; οὔκουν δὴ τό γ᾽ εἰκός.—οὐ γ.: [Refs ([prev. author] “Phdr.” 276c.)]
I.2 by inversion, preceding the fact explained, since, as, Ἀτρεΐδη, πολλοὶ γ. τεθνᾶσιν Ἀχαιοί.. τῷ σε χρὴ πόλεμον παῦσαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.328)]; χρόνου δὲ οὐ πολλοῦ διελθόντος (χρῆν γ. Κανδαύλῃ γενέσθαι κακῶς) ἔλεγε πρὸς τὸν Γύγην τοιάδε, Γύγη, οὐ γ. σε δοκέω πείθεσθαι.. (ὦτα γ. τυγχάνει κτλ.), ποίει ὅκως.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.8. compare 6.102, +others)]; εἶεν, σὺ γ. τούτων ἐπιστήμων, τί χρὴ ποιεῖ; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 117a)]; the principal proposition is sometimes
I.2.b blended with the causal one, τῇ δὲ κακῶς γ. ἔδεε γενέσθαι εἶπε, i.e. ἡ δέ (κακῶς γ. οἱ ἔδεε γενέσθαι) εἶπε [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.109, compare 1.24, 4.149, 200, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.72, 8.30.)]
I.2.c attached to the hypothet. Particle instead of being joined to the apodosis, οὐδ᾽ εἰ γ. ἦν τὸ πρᾶγμα μὴ θεήλατον, ἀκάθαρτον ὑμᾶς εἰκὸς ἦν οὕτως ἐᾶν, i.e. οὐδὲ γ. εἰ ἦν.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 255.)]
I.2.d repeated, οὐ γ. οὖν σιγήσομαι· ἔτικτε γ... [Refs ([prev. author] “OC” 980, compare “Ant.” 659f, 1255.)]
I.3 in elliptical phrases, where that of which γάρ gives the reason is omitted, and must be supplied,
I.3.a frequently in Trag. dialogue and [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus)], when yes or no may be supplied from the context, καὶ δῆτ᾽ ἐτόλμας τούσδ᾽ ὑπερβαίνειν νόμου;—οὐ γ. τί μοι Ζεὺς ἦν ὁ κηρύξας τάδε [yes], for it was not Zeus, etc., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 450, compare “OT” 102, etc.; καλῶς γὰρ αὐτὸς ἠγάνισαι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 194a)]; frequently in phrase ἔστι γ. οὕτω [yes], for so it is, i. e. yes certainly: λέγεταί τι καινό; γένοιτο γ. ἄν τι καινότερον ἢ..; [why,] could there be.. ? [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 4.10; with negatives, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 262 τούτῳ γ. οὐ νικήσετε)] [do so], yet shall ye never prevail by this means: for ἀλλὰ γ., see below[Refs (11.1.)]
I.3.b to confirm or strengthen something said, οἵδ᾽ οὐκέτ᾽ εἰσί· τοῦτο γάρ σε δήξεται [I say this], for it will sting thee, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 1370)]: after an Exclamation, ὦ πόποι· ἀνάριθμα γ. φέρω πήματα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 168 (Lyric poetry), compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Helena” 857.)]
I.3.c in conditional propositions, where the condition is omitted, else, οὐ γ. ἄν με ἔπεμπον πάλιν (i.e. εἰ μὴ ἐπίστευον) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 7.6.33)]; γίνεται γ. ἡ κοινωνία συμμαχία for in that case, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1280b8.)]
I.4 in abrupt questions, why, what, τίς γ. σε θεῶν ἐμοὶ ἄγγελον ἧκε; why who hath sent thee? [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.182; πῶς γ. νῦν.. εὕδουσ; 10.424)]; πατροκτονοῦσα γ. ξυνοικήσεις ἐμο; what, wilt thou.. ? [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 909: generally, after _interrogative_ Particles, ἦ γ.)]..; what, was it.. ? [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1000, 1039, etc.)]; τί γ.; quid enim? i. e. it must be so, [Refs ([prev. author] “OC” 539, 542, 547, etc.)]; τί γ. δή ποτ; [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.44)]; also πῶς γ.; πῶς γ. ο;, see at {πῶς}.
I.5 to strengthen a wish, with optative, κακῶς γ. ἐξόλοιο O that you might perish ! [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Cyclops” 261)]; compare αἴ, εἰ, εἴθε, πῶς.
II joined with other Particles:
II.1 ἀλλὰ γ. where γάρ gives the reason of a clause to be supplied between ἀλλά and itself, as ἀλλ᾽ ἐν γὰρ Τρώων πεδίῳ.. but [far otherwise], for.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.739)]; ἀλλὰ γὰρ ἥκουσ᾽ αἵδ᾽ ἐπὶ πρᾶγος πικρόν but [hush], for.., [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 861)]; ἀλλ᾽ οὐ γ. σ᾽ ἐθέλω.. but [look out] for.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.242; in full, ἀλλ᾽ οὐ γάρ σφιν ἐφαίνετο κέρδιον εἶναι μαίεσθαι προτέρω, τοὶ μὲν πάλιν αὖτις ἔβαινον 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.355; ἀλλ᾽, οὐ γ. ἔπειθε, διδοῖ τὸ φᾶρος 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.109.)]
II.2 γ. ἄρα for indeed, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 315d, “Smp.” 205b.)]
II.3 γ. δή for of course, for you know, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.301, 23.607, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.34, 114, etc.)]; φάμεν γ. δή yes certainly we say so, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 187e, compare 164d; οὐ γ. δή 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 46, etc.)]
II.4 γ. νυ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.359.)]
II.5 γ. οὖν for indeed, to confirm or explain, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.232, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.34, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 489, 771, etc.)]; φησὶ γ. οὖν yes of course he says so, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 170a; γ. οὖν δή [prev. author] “Prm.” 148c, etc.; οὐ γ. οὖν [prev. work] 134b)]; compare τοιγαροῦν.
II.6 γ. που for I suppose, especially with negatives, [Refs ([prev. author] “R.” 381c, “Phd.” 62d, etc.; οὐ γ. δήπου [prev. author] “Prt.” 309c.)]
II.7 γ. ῥα, ={γὰρ ἄρα}, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.113, +others)]
II.8 γ. τε, [Refs (23.156)]; also τε γ. [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 19.159, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1333a2, +others)]
II.9 γ. τοι for surely.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Helena” 93, “Supp.” 564, etc.; οὐ γ. τοι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.172, etc.)]; compare τοιγάρτοι.
B POSITION: γάρ properly stands after the first word in a clause, but in Pocts it frequently stands third or fourth, when the preceding words are closely connected, as ὁ μὲν γὰρ.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 764)]; χἠ ναῦς γὰρ.. [Refs ([prev. author] “Ph.” 527)]; τό τ᾽ εἰκαθεῖν γὰρ.. [Refs ([prev. author] “Ant.” 1096)]; τὸ μὴ θέμις γὰρ.. [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 641, compare 753: also in Prose, τὸ κατ᾽ ἀξίαν γὰρ.. 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1163b11)]: sometimes for metrical reasons, where there is no such connexion, as third [Refs 5th c.BC+ ((4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 222.729, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 219 (all Lyric poetry)), fourth (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 1545))]; in later Comedy texts fifth [Refs 4th c.BC+ ((4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 462.2); sixth (4th c.BC: Antiphanes Comicus 26.22); seventh (4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Ἐπιτρέποντες” 531, “Pk.” 170, 3rd c.BC: Athenio Comicus 1.5))]; once sixth in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus, καιρὸς καὶ πλοῦς ὅδ᾽ ἐπείγει γὰρ κατὰ πρύμναν “Ph.” 1451.)]
B.2 inserted before the demonstrative -ί, as νυνγαρί for νυνὶ γά; compare νυνί.
C QUANTITY: γάρ is sometimes long in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus for the sake of meter, θήσειν γὰρ ἔτ᾽ ἔμελλεν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.39; φωνῆς γὰρ ἤκουσα “hymnus ad Cererem” 57)].—In Attic dialect always short: [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 366, “V.” 217, “Lys.” 20 are corrupt.)]