Bible Strong
Explore
Open the app

Strong G1909ἐπί

upon/to/against

Transliteration
epi
Pronunciation
ep-ee'
Morphology
Greek Preposition

Definition

A primary preposition properly meaning superimposition (of time place order etc.) as a relation of distribution [with the genitive case] that is over 6
upon etc.; of rest (with the dative case) at on etc.; of direction (with the accusative case) towards upon etc.: - about (the times) above after against among as long as (touching) at beside X have charge of (be- [where-]) fore in (a place as much as the time of -to) (because) of (up-) on (behalf of) over (by for) the space of through (-out) (un-) to (-ward) with. In compounds it retains essentially the same import at 6
upon etc. (literally or figuratively).

Detailed definition

ἐπί (before a smooth breathing ἐπ᾽, before a rough breathing ἐφ᾽),
prep. with genitive, dative, accusative (accusative most frequently in NT),
with primary sense of superposition, on, upon.
I. C. genitive,
1. of place, answering the question, where?
__(a) of the place on which, on, upon: ἐπὶ (τ.) γῆς, Mat.6:10, 19, al.; τ. κεφαλῆς, 1Co.11:10; τ. νεφελῶν, Mat.24:3o, al.; like ἐν, in constr. praegn. after verbs of motion: βάλλειν, Mrk.4:26; σπείρειν, ib. 31; ἔρχεσθαι, Heb.6:7, al.; figuratively, ἐπ᾽ ἀληθείας (MM, see word ἀ.); of the subject of thought or speech, Gal.3:16; of power or authority, over, πάντων, Rom.9:5: τ. γάζης, Act.8:27; ἐξουσία, Rev.2:26 20:6;
__(b) of vicinity, at, by: τ. θαλάσσης, Jhn.6:9; τ. ὁδοῦ, Mat.21:19; τοῦ βάτου, Mrk.12:26 (see Swete, in l.); with genitive of person(s), in the presence of, before, Mat.28:14, Act.23:30, 1Co.6:1, al.

2. Of time,
__(a) with genitive of person(s), in the time of: ἐπὶ Ἐλισαίου, Luk.4:27; ἐπὶ Κλαυδίου, Act.11:28; ἐπὶ Ἀβιάθαρ ἀρχιερέως, when A. was high priest, Mrk.2:26;
__(b) with genitive of thing(s), at, at the time of: Mat.1:11, Heb.1:2, 2Pe.3:3; ἐπὶ τ. προσευχῶν, Rom.1:10, Eph.1:16, 1Th.1:2, Phm 4.

II. C. dative, of place, answering the question, where?
__(a) lit., on, upon: Mat.9:16, 14:8, al.; after verbs of motion (see supr., I, 1, (a)), Mat.9:16 Act.8:16; above, Luk.23:38; at, by, Mrk.13:29, Jhn.5:2, Act.5:9, al.;
__(b) metaphorically, upon, on the ground of, Luk.4:4 (LXX); in the matter of, Mrk.6:52 (see Swete, in l.); upon, of, concerning, Act.5:35, 40; of the ground, reason or motive (Bl., §38, 2; 43, 3), Mat.18:3 19:9, Rom.12:12, al.; ἐφ᾽ ᾧ, for the reason that, because, Rom.5:12 2Co.5:4; after verbs of motion, over, Mat.18:13, Rom.16:19, al.; of a condition (cl.), Rom.8:20, 1Co.9:10; ἐπὶ δυσὶ μάρτυσιν (see Westc. on Heb.9:10), Heb.10:28; of purpose or aim, Eph.2:10, Php.4:10; of authority, over, Mat.24:47 Luk.12:44; of hostility, with dative of person(s) (cl.), against, Luk.12:52; in addition to (cl.), 2Co.7:13; of an adjunct, in, at, on, Php.1:3 2:17.

III. C. accusative,
1. of place of motion upon or over, answering the question, whither?
__(a) lit., upon, over: Mat.14:28, 29, Luk.5:19, al. mult.; in NT also, answering the question, where? (as with genitive, dative), Mrk.4:38 11:2, Luk.2:25, Jhn.1:32; ἐπὶ τ. αὐτό, Act.1:15 2:1, al.; of motion to a vicinity, to, Mrk.16:2, Act.8:36, al.;
__(b) metaphorically (in wh. "the accusative is more widely prevalent than it strictly should be," Bl., §43, 1); of blessings, evils, etc., coming upon one, with accusative of person(s), Mat.10:13 12:28, Act.2:17, Jhn.18:4, Eph.5:6, al.; of addition (dative in cl.), λύπη ἐπὶ λύπην, Php.2:27; ἐπικαλεῖν ὄνομα ἐπί (see: ἐπικαλέω), Act.15:17, Jas.2:7; καλεῖν ἐπί, to call after, Luk.1:59; of number or degree: ἐπὶ τρίς (cl. εἰς τ.), thrice, Act.10:16 11:10; ἐπὶ πλεῖον, the more, further, Act.4:17 2Ti.2:16 3:9 (see also infr., 2, (a)); ἐφ᾽ ὅσον (see infr., ib.), forasmuch as, Mat.25:40, 45, Rom.11:13; of power, authority, control, Luk.1:33, Act.7:10 Rom.5:14, Heb.3:6, al.; of the direction of thoughts and feelings, unto, towards, Luk.1:17 23:28, Act.9:35, 42, Rom.11:22, Gal.4:9, Eph.2:7, 1Ti.5:5, al.; of purpose, for, Mat.3:7, Luk.23:48; ἐφ᾽ ὅ πάρει (Rec. ἐφ᾽ ᾧ, Mat.26:50; of hostility, against, Mat.24:7, Mrk.3:24-26 10:11 13:8, Luk.9:5, Jhn.13:18, Act.7:54, 1Co.7:36, 2Co.1:23; Of reference, concerning, for (cl. usually dative), Mrk.9:12 15:24, Jhn.19:24, Rom.4:9.

2. Of time,
__(a) during, for: Luk.4:25 (WH, txt., omits ἐπί), Act.13:31 16:18, Heb.11:30, al.; ἐφ᾽ ὅσον (χρόνον), as long as, for so long time as, Mrk.9:15 Rom.7:1, al. (for ἐφ᾽ ὅ in another sense, see supr., 1, (b)); ἐφ᾽ ἱκανόν (see: ἱ), Act.20:11; ἐπὶ πλεῖον (see supr., 1, (b)), yet longer, further, Act.20:9 24:4;
__(b) on, about, towards (cl. εἰς): Luk.10:35 Act.3:1 4:5.

IV. In composition, ἐπί signifies: up, ἐπαίρω; upon, ἐπίγειος, ἐπιδημέω, ὠπικαθίζω; towards, επιβλέπω, ὠπεκτείνω; over (of superintendence), ἐπιστάτης; again, in addition, ἐπαιτέω; against, ἐπιορκέω, ἐπιβουλή.
(AS)

In the Bible

Strong G1909 appears in 791 verses of the KJV.

Translated in the KJV by

  • on182
  • upon147
  • in117
  • unto47
  • over46
  • to42
  • at41
  • against29
  • for27
  • into18
  • of18
  • before16

First verses

  1. Matthew 1:11
    And Josias begat Jechonias and his brethren, about the time they were carried away to Babylon:
  2. Matthew 2:22
    But when he heard that Archelaus did reign in Judea in the room of his father Herod, he was afraid to go thither: notwithstanding, being warned of God in a dream, he turned aside into the parts of Galilee:
  3. Matthew 3:7
    But when he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees come to his baptism, he said unto them, O generation of vipers, who hath warned you to flee from the wrath to come?
  4. Matthew 3:13
    Then cometh Jesus from Galilee to Jordan unto John, to be baptized of him.
  5. Matthew 3:16
    And Jesus, when he was baptized, went up straightway out of the water: and, lo, the heavens were opened unto him, and he saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove, and lighting upon him:
  6. Matthew 4:4
    But he answered and said, It is written, Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of God.
  7. Matthew 4:5
    Then the devil taketh him up into the holy city, and setteth him on a pinnacle of the temple,
  8. Matthew 4:6
    And saith unto him, If thou be the Son of God, cast thyself down: for it is written, He shall give his angels charge concerning thee: and in their hands they shall bear thee up, lest at any time thou dash thy foot against a stone.
  9. Matthew 5:15
    Neither do men light a candle, and put it under a bushel, but on a candlestick; and it giveth light unto all that are in the house.
  10. Matthew 5:23
    Therefore if thou bring thy gift to the altar, and there rememberest that thy brother hath ought against thee;
  11. Matthew 5:39
    But I say unto you, That ye resist not evil: but whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also.
  12. Matthew 5:45
    That ye may be the children of your Father which is in heaven: for he maketh his sun to rise on the evil and on the good, and sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust.
  13. Matthew 6:10
    Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven.
  14. Matthew 6:19
    Lay not up for yourselves treasures upon earth, where moth and rust doth corrupt, and where thieves break through and steal:
  15. Matthew 6:27
    Which of you by taking thought can add one cubit unto his stature?
  16. Matthew 7:24
    Therefore whosoever heareth these sayings of mine, and doeth them, I will liken him unto a wise man, which built his house upon a rock:
  17. Matthew 7:25
    And the rain descended, and the floods came, and the winds blew, and beat upon that house; and it fell not: for it was founded upon a rock.
  18. Matthew 7:26
    And every one that heareth these sayings of mine, and doeth them not, shall be likened unto a foolish man, which built his house upon the sand:
  19. Matthew 7:28
    And it came to pass, when Jesus had ended these sayings, the people were astonished at his doctrine:
  20. Matthew 9:2
    And, behold, they brought to him a man sick of the palsy, lying on a bed: and Jesus seeing their faith said unto the sick of the palsy; Son, be of good cheer; thy sins be forgiven thee.
See every occurrence

Occurrences by book

Related words

Word family

Detailed Greek dictionary
ἐπί,
  Thess. (before τ) [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (ἐτ “IG” 9(2).517.14 (3rd c.BC), _preposition_ with _genitive_, _dative_, and _accusative_)], to denote the being upon or supported upon a surface or point.
A WITH GEN.:
A.I of Place,
A.I.1 with Verbs of Rest, upon, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (καθέζετ᾽ ἐ. θρόνου 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.536; ἧστο.. ὑψοῦ ἐπ᾽ ἀκροτάτης κορυφῆς 13.12; ἐ. πύργου ἔστη 16.700; κεῖται ἐ. χθονός 20.345)]: without a Verb expressed, ἔγχεα ὄρθ᾽ ἐ. σαυρωτῆρος (i.e. σταθέντα) [Refs (ἐλήλατο 10.153)]; ἔκλαγξαν ὀϊστοὶ ἐπ᾽ ὤμων the arrows on his shoulders, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (1.46; ἐ. γῆς, opposed to ὑπὸ γῆς, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Lg.” 728a)]: also with Verbs of Motion, where the subject rests upon something, as on a chariot, a horse, a ship, φεύγωμεν ἐφ᾽ ἵππων on our chariot, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.356; οὐκ ἂν ἐφ᾽ ὑμετέρων ὀχέων.. ἵκεσθον 8.455; ἄγαγε.. δῶρ᾽ ἐπ᾽ ἀπήνης 24.447; ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης.. ὠχέετο 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.31; ἐπὶ τῶν ἵππων ὀχεῖσθαι Xenophon Historicus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 4.5.58; οὓς κῆρες φορέουσι.. ἐ. νηῶν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.528; πέμπειν τινὰς ἐ. τριήροιν Xenophon Historicus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 5.4.56, etc.; ἐπ᾽ ὤμου.. φέρειν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.170)]; τὴν κλεῖδα περιφέρειν ἐφ᾽ ἑαυτοῦ to carry the key about on his person, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (2nd c.AD: Numenius Apamensis Platonicus cited in 4th c.AD: Eusebius Caesariensis Scriptor Ecclesiasticus “PE” 14.7; βαδιοῦνται ἐ. δυοῖν σκελοῖν, ἐφ᾽ ἑνὸς πορεύσονται σκέλους, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Smp.” 190d; ἐπ᾽ ἄκρων ὁδοιπορεῖν)] walk on tiptoe, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Aj.” 1230)]; of places, upon, if the place is an actual support, [Refs (νέρθε κἀπὶ γῆς ἄνω [prev\. author] “OT” 416)]; ἐ. τοῦ εὐωνύμον on the left, ἐ. τῶν πλευρῶν on the flanks, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “An.” 1.8.9, 3.2.36)]; but most frequently, in, rarely in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, ἐπ᾽ ἀγροῦ)] in the country. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.190; γᾶς ἐ. ξένας 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1705 (Lyric poetry); νήσου τῆσδ᾽ ἐφ᾽ ἧς ναίει [prev\. author] “Ph.” 613; ἐ. ξένας δμωῒς ἐπ᾽ ἀλλοτρίας πόλεος 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 137 (Lyric poetry); οἱ ἐ. Θρᾴκης σύμμαχοι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.35; τοὺς ἐ. τῆς Ἀσίας κατοικοῦντας Isocrates Orator [{5-6th c.BC}] 12.103)]; ἐπ᾽ οἰκήματος κατίσαι, καθῆσθαι, in a brothel, [Refs 6th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.121.έ, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Chrm.” 163b; τοὺς ἐ. τῶν οἰκημάτων καθεζομένους 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 1.74; ἐ. τῶν ἐργαστηρίων καθίζειν Isocrates Orator [{5-6th c.BC}] 7.15)]; μένειν ἐ. τῆς αὐτῶν (i.e. χώρας) remain in statu quo, Indut. cited in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.118; οἱ ἐπ᾽ ἐρημίας λῃστεύοντες 4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Orationes” 7.210a)]; later of towns, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (ἐπ᾽ Ἀλεξανδρείας “BGU” 908.16 (2nd c.AD))], etc.; sometimes also, at or near, ἐπ᾽ αὐτάων (i.e. τῶν πηγῶν) [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.153; κόλπος ὁ ἐ. Ποσιδηΐου 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.115)]; αἱ ἐ. Λήμνου ἐπικείμεναι νῆσοι off Lemnos, [Refs ([prev. work] 6 codices; τὰ ἐ. Θρᾴκης)] the Thrace-ward region, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.59, compare “IG” 12.45.17, etc.; ποταμοὶ ἐφ᾽ ὧν ἔξεστιν ἡμῖν ταμιεύεσθαι..)] on, i.e. near which.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “An.” 2.5.18; ἐ. τῶν τραπεζῶν)] at the money-changers' tables, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Ap.” 17c; in Geometry texts, αἱ ἐφ᾽ ὧν AA BB [γραμμαί] the lines AA BB, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “EN” 1132b6, etc.; ἕλιξ ἐφ᾽ ἇς τὰ ΑΒΓΔ a spiral ABCD, 3rd c.BC: Archimedes Geometra “Spir.” 13 (compare 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 1.1k); also ἐ. τοῦ βάτου)] in the passage concerning the bush, [NT (“NT.Mark.12.26”.)]
A.I.2 in various relations not strictly local, μένειν ἐ. τῆς ἀρχῆς remain in the command, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Ages.” 1.37; μένειν ἐ. τινος)] abide by it, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 4.9; ἐ. τῶν πραγμάτων, ἐ. τοῦ πολεμεῖν εἶναι,)] to be engaged in.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev\. author] 15.11, “Prooem.” 1; ἐ. ὀνόματος εἶναι bear a name, [prev\. author] 39.21; ἔχεται πόλις ἐ. νόσου 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 1141)] (Lyric poetry).
A.I.2.b of ships, ὁρμεῖν ἐπ᾽ ἀγκύρας ride at (i.e. in dependence upon an) anchor, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.188; ἐ. προσπόλου μιᾶς χωρεῖν)] dependent upon an attendant, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “OC” 746.)]
A.I.2.c with the personal and reflexive pronoun, once in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, εὔχεσθε.. σιγῇ ἐφ᾽ ὑμείων 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.195)]; later mostly with 3rd pers., ἐπ᾽ ἑωυτῶν κεῖσθαι by themselves, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.2, compare 8.32; οἰκέειν κώμην [prev\. author] 5.98; ἐ. σφῶν αὐτῶν αὐτόνομοι οἰκεῖν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.63; ἵζεσθαι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.17; ἐφ᾽ ἑαυτῶν πλεῖν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.8)]; ἐπ᾽ ὑμέων αὐτῶν βαλέσθαι consider it by yourselves, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.71, etc.; αὐτὴ ἐφ᾽ αὑτῆς σκοποῦσα 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.40; ἐφ᾽ ἡμῶν αὐτῶν τὸν ἐξετασμὸν ποιεῖσθαι 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.16)]; ἐπ᾽ ἑωυτῶν διαλέγονται speak in a dialect of their own, [Refs 6th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.142; also αὐτοὶ ἐφ᾽ ἑαυτῶν χωρεῖν Xenophon Historicus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Anabasis” 2.4.10; πράττειν Plato Philosophus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Protagoras” 326d, compare “Sph.” 217c; τὸ ἐφ᾽ ἑαυτῶν μόνον προορώμενοι)] considering their own interest only, th.[Refs (1.17.)]
A.I.2.d with numerals, to denote the depth of a body of soldiers, ἐ. τεττάρων ταχφῆναι to be drawn up four deep, four in file, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “An.” 1.2.15, etc.; ἐ. πεντήκοντα ἀσπίδων συνεστραμμένοι, of the Thebansat Leuctra, [prev\. author] “HG” 6.4.12; ἐπ᾽ ὀλίγων τεταγμένοι,)] i.e. in a long thin line, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev\. author] “An.” 4.8.11; οὐκ ἐπ᾽ ὀλίγων ἀσπίδων στρατιὰν παρατεταγμένην 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.79)]; ἐφ᾽ ἑνὸς ἄγειν in single file, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Cyr.” 2.4.2, compare “An.” 5.2.6)]; rarely of the length of the line, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (ἐ. τεσσάρων ταξάμενοι τὰς ναῦς 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.90; in 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus, ἐγένοντο τὸ μέτωπον ἐ. τριακοσίων.. τὸ δὲ βάθος ἐφ᾽ ἑκατόν “Cyr.” 2.4.2)]; πλεῖν ἐ. κέρως, ἐ. κέρας, see below c.[Refs (1.3; ἐ. φάλαγγος γίγνεται τὸ στράτευμα)] is formed in column, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“An.” 4.6.6, etc. (but in 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ph.” 1467, ἀσπίδων ἔπι is merely _in_ or _under_ arms): hence, generally, ἐ. ὀκτὼ πλίνθων τὸ εὖρος)] eight bricks wide, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “An.” 7.8.14.)]
A.I.2.e with genitive person, before, in presence of, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (ἐ. μαρτύρων.. πράσσεταί τι 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 2.3.8; ἐξελέγχεσθαι ἐ. πάντων 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 25.36)]; so, before a magistrate or official, [NT+2nd c.BC+ (ἐ. τοῦ στρατηγοῦ “POxy.” 38.11 (1st c.AD), compare “UPZ” 71.15 (2nd c.BC), “NT.Mat.28.14”; γράψομαί σε ἐ. Ῥαδαμάνθυος 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Cat.” 18; τινὰ εἰς δίκην καὶ κρίσιν ἐ. τῶν στρατοπέδων προκαλεῖν 4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Orationes” 1.30d; πίστεις δοῦναι ἐ. θεῶν 1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis 5.29)]; but ἐπὶ δικασταῖς is falsa lectio in [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 19.243 (to be read ἔπη).)]
A.I.2.f with Verbs of perceiving, observing, judging, etc., in the case of, [Refs 6th c.BC+ (ἐπὶ νούσων παντοίων ἐπύθοντο 5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 112.10; ὁρᾶν τι ἐ. τινος Xenophon Historicus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Memorabilia” 3.9.3; αἰσθάνεσθαί τι ἐ. τινος Plato Philosophus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Respublica” 406c, etc.; τὴν γνώμην ἔχειν ἐ. τινος 4th c.BC: Hyperides Orator “pro Euxenippo” 32; τὰ συμβόλαια ἐ. τῶν νόμων σκοπεῖν 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.210)]; ἐπ᾽ αὐτῶν τῶν ἔργων ἂν ἐσκόπει [Refs 6th c.BC+ ([prev. work]233, compare 25.2 (variant); ἐφ᾽ ἑνός τι παριδεῖν 4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 64; τὰς ἐναντιώσεις ἐ. μὲν τῶν λόγων τηροῦντες, ἐ. δὲ τῶν ἔργων μὴ καθορῶντες Isocrates Orator [{5-6th c.BC}] 13.7; οὐδεὶς ἐφ᾽ αὑτοῦ τὰ κακὰ συνορᾷ Menander Comicus [{4-3rd c.BC}] 631; ἀγνοεῖν τι ἐ. τινος Xenophon Historicus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Memorabilia” 2.3.2)]; also with Verbs of speaking, on a subject, [Refs 6th c.BC+ (λέγειν ἐ. τινος Plato Philosophus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Charmides” 155d, “R.” 524e, etc.; ἐπιδεῖξαί τι ἐ. τινος Isocrates Orator [{5-6th c.BC}] 8.109; ἵνα τοὺς ἐπαίνους ἐπ᾽ αὐτῶν κοινοὺς ποιήσωμαι 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 60.12)].
A.I.3 implying Motion:
A.I.3.a where the sense of motion is lost in the sense of being supported, ὀρθωθεὶς.. ἐπ᾽ ἀγκῶνος having raised himself upon his elbow, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.80; ἐ. μελίης.. ἐρεισθείς 22.225; τὴν μὲν.. καθεῖσεν ἐ. θρόνου 18.389)].
A.I.3.b in a pregnant sense, denoting the goal of motion (compare [Refs 5th c.BC+ (εἰς Aeschylus Tragicus [{4-5th c.BC}] 1.2, ἐν Aeschylus Tragicus [{4-5th c.BC}] 1.8), νῆα.. ἐπ᾽ ἠπείροιο ἔρυσσαν)] drew the ship upon the land and left it there, 1.485; περάαν νήσων ἔπι carry to the islands and leave there, 21.454, compare22.45; [Refs 6th c.BC+ (ἐ. τῆς γῆς καταπίπτειν Xenophon Historicus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 4.5.54)]; ἀναβῆναι ἐ. τῶν πύργων [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 7.1.39; ἐπ᾽ Ἀβύδου ἀφικομέναις 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.79)] (variant); frequently of motion towards or (in a military sense) upon a place, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (προτρέποντο μελαινάων ἐ. νηῶν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.700; τρέσσε.. ἐφ᾽ ὁμίλου 11.546)] (but νήσου ἔ. Ψυρίης νέεσθαι to go near Psyria, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.171); ἐπ᾽ οἴκου ἀπελαύνειν, ἀναχωρεῖν, ἀποχωρεῖν,)] homewards, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.121.δ, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.30, 87, etc.; also with names of places, ἰέναι ἐ. Κυζίκου 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.14; πλεῖν ἐ. Χίου [prev\. author] 1.164, compare 168; ἀποπλεῖν ἐπ᾽ αἰγύπτου [prev. work] 1; ἀπαλλάσσεσθαι ἐ. Θεσσαλίης [prev\. author] 5.64)]; ὁ κόλπος ὁ ἐ. Παγασέων φέρων the bay that leads to Pagasae, [Refs ([prev\. author] 7.193; ἡ ἐ. βαβυλῶνος ὁδός)] the road leading to [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Cyr.” 5.3.45, compare “An.” 6.3.24.)]
A.I.3.c metaphorically, ἐ. γνώμης τινὸς γίγνεσθαι come to an opinion, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 4.7; ἐπ᾽ ἐλπίδος γενέσθαι Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus [{1-2nd c.AD}] “Solon” 14)]; ὡς ἐ. κινδύνου as if to meet danger, [Refs 6th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.34; ἐ. τοῦ ἀλύπως ζῆν _with a view to... Plato Philosophus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Protagoras” 358b; compare below 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 111.2.)]
A.II of Time, in the time of, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (ἐ. προτέρων ἀνθρώπων 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.637, 23.332; ἐ. Κρόνου {8-7th c.BC}: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 111)]; ἐ. Κέκροπος, ἐ. Δαρείου, etc., [Refs 6th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.44, 6.98, etc.; ἐ. τῶν τριάκοντα 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 13.2; ὀλιγαρχία ἡ ἐ. τῶν τετρακοσίων καταστᾶσα Isocrates Orator [{5-6th c.BC}] 8.108)]; ἐ. τούτου τυραννεύοντος, ἐ. Λέοντος βασιλεύοντος, ἐ. Μήδων ἀρχόντων, etc., [Refs 6th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.15, 65, 134, etc.; ἐ. τῆς ἐμῆς βασιλείας Isocrates Orator [{5-6th c.BC}] 3.32)]; ἐπ᾽ ἐμεῦ in my time, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.5, 2.46, etc.; ἡ εἰρήνη ἡ ἐπ᾽ Ἀνταλκίδου 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 20.54, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “HG” 5.1.36; αἱ ἐπ᾽ Ἀσδρούβα γενόμεναι ὁμολογίαι 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 3.15.5)]; ἐπ᾽ εἰρήνης in time of peace, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.797, 9.403; ἐπ᾽ ἐμῆς νεότητος Aristophanes Comicus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Acharnenses” 211 (Lyric poetry); ἐ. Λάχητος καὶ τοῦ προτέρου πολέμου 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.6)]; ἐπ᾽ ἡμέρης ἑκάστης variant for{-ῃ -τῃ} in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.117.)]
A.II.b later ἐ. δείπνου at dinner, [Refs 1st c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Asin.” 3; ἐ. τῆς τραπέζης, ἐφ᾽ ἑκάστης κύλικος, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Alex.” 23; ἐ. τῆς κύλικος, ἐ. τοῦ ποτηρίου, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Pisc.” 34, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Alex.” 53.)]
A.III in various causal senses:
A.III.1 over, of persons in authority, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (ἐπ᾽ οὗ ἐτάχθημεν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.109)]; οἱ ἐ. τῶν πραγμάτων the public officers, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.247; frequently in forged decrees, ὁ ἐ. τῶν ὅπλων στρατηγός [prev. work]38; ὁ ἐ. τῶν ὁπλιτῶν, τῶν ἱππέων, [prev. work]116; ὁ ἐ. τῆς διοικήσεως [prev. work]38 (but compare with 111.3); τοῦ ἐ. τῶν ὁπλιτῶν is _falsa lectio_ in 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 32.5; ὁ ἐ. τῆς χώρας στρατηγός Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus [{1-2nd c.AD}] “Phocion” 32; οἱ ἐ. τῶν σιτοποιῶν καὶ μαγείρων [prev\. author] “Alex.” 23; ὁ ἐ. τοῦ οἴνου [prev\. author] “Pyrrh.” 5)]; ὁ ἐ. τῶν ἐπιστολῶν τοῦ Ὄθωνος, = Latin ab epistulis, his secretary, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev\. author] “Oth.” 9; compare 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 111.6.)]
A.III.2 κεκλῆσθαι ἐ. τινος to be called after him, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.45; ἐ. τινος μετονομασθῆναι [prev\. author] 1.94: ἐ. τινος τὰς ἐπωνυμίας ἔχειν [prev\. author] 4.107)]; ἐ. τινος ἐπώνυμος γίγνεσθαι [Refs 2nd c.BC+ ([prev. work] 184; also ἐπ᾽ ὀνόματος καλεῖν 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 5.35.2)].
A.III.3 of occasions, circumstances, and conditions, οὐκ ἐ. τούτου μόνον, ἀλλ᾽ ἐ. πάντων, on all occasions, [Refs 6th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.38, compare 183; ἐφ᾽ ἑκάστων Plato Philosophus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Philebus” 25e; ἐφ᾽ ἑκατέρου [prev\. author] “Tht.” 159c; ἐφ᾽ ἑκάστης μαντείας 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.54)]; ἐπ᾽ ἐξουσίας καὶ πλούτου πονηρὸν εἶναι in.. [NT+4th c.BC+ ([prev. work]138; ἐ. τῆς ἀληθείας καὶ τοῦ πράγματος [prev. work]72, compare 18.17; τὴν ἐ. τῆς πομπῆς καὶ τοῦ μεθύειν πρόφασιν λαβών [prev\. author] 21.180; ἐ. σχολῆς 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 3.191; ἐπ᾽ ἀδείας Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus [{1-2nd c.AD}] “Solon” 22; ἐπ᾽ ἀληθείας NT.Mark.12.14, “POxy.” 255.16 (1st c.AD): hence in adverbial phrases, ἐπ᾽ ἴσας (i.e. μοίρας))] equally, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “El.” 1062 (Lyric poetry); ἐ. καιροῦ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 20.90)]; ἐπ᾽ ἐσχάτων at the last, [LXX (LXX.Deu.17.7 (variant{ἐσχάτῳ}); ἐπὶ τοῦ παρόντος)] for the present, [Refs (“SIG” 543.6 (Epist. Philipp.).)]
A.III.4 in respect of, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (ἐ. τῶν πραγμάτων 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1280a17, compare “EN” 1131b18)]; concerning, [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (τὰ ἐπ᾽ αὐτῶν ἐνεστηκότα “PTeb.” 7.6 (2nd c.BC).)]
B WITH DAT.:
B.I of Place, upon, just like the genitive (hence Poets use whichever case suits the metre, whereas in Prose the dative is more frequently):
B.I.1 with Verbs of Rest, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (ἕζεο τῷδ᾽ ἐ. δίφρῳ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.354; ἧντ᾽ ἐ. πύργῳ 3.153; στῆ δ᾽ ἐ... νηΐ 8.222; κεῖσθαι ἐ. τινι Xenophon Historicus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Anabasis” 1.8.27)]; καίειν ἐ. πᾶσι (i.e. βωμοῖς) [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.240; ἔβραχε χαλκὸς ἐ. στήθεσσι 4.420; ἐ. χθονὶ δέρκεσθαι 1.88)], etc.: also with Verbs of Motion, where the subject rests upon something, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (νηυσὶν ἐπ᾽ ὠκυπόροισιν ἔβαινον 2.351 (variant for{ἐν}); ἐπ᾽ ὤμοις φέρειν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 1131)] (but ἐφ᾽ ἵππῳ, ἐφ᾽ ἵπποις and the like are never used for ἐφ᾽ ἵππου, etc.); of places, mostly in, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (ἐ. τῇ χώρῃ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.77; τἀπὶ Τροίᾳ πέργαμα 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 353; ἐπ᾽ ἐσχάτοις τόποις [prev\. author] “Tr.” 1100; ἐ. τῇ ψυχῇ δάκνομαι [prev\. author] “Ant.” 317)]; also, at or near, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (ἐ. κρήνῃ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.408; ἐ. θύρῃσι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.788)], etc.; of rivers, etc., by, beside, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (ἐ. ὠκυρόῳ Κελάδοντι.. 7.133, etc.; ἐπ᾽ ἐσχάρῃ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 7.160; ἐ. νηυσί 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.559)], etc.; of persons, οὐ τἀπὶ Λυδοῖς οὐδ᾽ ἐπ᾽ Ὀμφάλῃ λατρεύματα in Lydia, in the power of O., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Tr.” 356.)]
B.I.1.b on or over, ἐπ᾽ Ἰφιδάμαντι over the body of Iphidamas, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.261, compare 4.470; τοιόνδ᾽ ἐπ᾽ ἀνδρὶ κομπάζεις λόγον Aeschylus Tragicus [{4-5th c.BC}] “Agamemnon” 1400)]; also, over or in honour of, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (ἐ. σοὶ κατέθηκε.. ἄεθλα 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 24.91; [βοῦς] ἐ. Πατρόκλῳ πέφνεν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.776; κειράμενοι χαίτας ἐπ᾽ Ἀδώνιδι 2nd c.BC: Bion Bucolicus 1.81, compare 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 2.80; in _Doric dialect_ and _Aeolic dialect_ sepulchral Inscrr., “Schwyzer” 348, +others)]
B.I.1.c in hostile sense, against, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.61, 6.74, 88, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ph.” 1139 (Lyric poetry))], etc.; as a check upon, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (οἱ πρόβουλοι καθεστᾶσιν ἐ. τοῖς βουλευταῖς 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1299b37, compare 1271a39)]; also, towards, in reference to, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (ἐ. πᾶσι χόλον τελέσαι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.178; ἐπ᾽ ἔργοις πᾶσι 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1268; δικαιότερος καὶ ἐπ᾽ ἄλλῳ ἔσσεαι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.181, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Tr.” 994 (_anapaest meter_), etc.; ἐ. τοῖς δυνατοῖς ἔχειν τὴν γνώμην 3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 191)]; τὸ ἐ. πᾶσιν τοῖς σώμασι κάλλος extending over all bodies, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Smp.” 210b; ἡ [παιδεία] ἡ ἐ. σώμασι, ἐ. ψυχῇ, [prev\. author] “R.” 376e; τἀπὶ σοὶ κακά)] the ills which lie upon thee, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ph.” 806: in _Attic dialect_ also, νόμον τίθεσθαι, θεῖναι ἐ. τινι,)] make a law for his case, whether for or against, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Grg.” 488d, Legal cited in 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 1.87; νόμους ἀναγράψαι ἐ. τοῖς ἀδικοῦσι 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 24.5)]; νόμος κεῖται ἐ. τινι [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work]70; τἀπὶ τῷ πλήθει νενομοθετημένα [prev. work]123, compare 142; τί θεσμοποιεῖς ἐ. ταλαιπώρῳ νεκρ; 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ph.” 1645.)]
B.I.1.d. of accumulation, upon, after, ὄγχνη ἐπ᾽ ὄγχνῃ one pear after another, pear on pear, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 7.120; ἐ. κέρδεϊ κέρδος {8-7th c.BC}: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 644; ἄτη ἑτέρα ἐπ᾽ ἄτῃ Aeschylus Tragicus [{4-5th c.BC}] “Choephori” 404)] (Lyric poetry); πήματα ἐ. πήμασι, ἐ. νόσῳ νόσος, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ant.” 595, “OC” 544 (both Lyric poetry).)]
B.I.1.e. in addition to, over and above, besides, οὐκ ἄρα σοί γ᾽ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (ἐ. εἴδεϊ καὶ φρένες ἦσαν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 17.454, compare 308; ἄλλα τε πόλλ᾽ ἐ. τῇσι παρίσχομεν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.639, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 22.264; ἐ. τοῖσι)] besides, [Refs 4th c.AD+ (24.277; ἐ. τούτοις 4th c.AD: Himerius Sophista “Orationes” 14.10)]; so of Numerals, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (τρισχιλίους ἐ. μυρίοις Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus [{1-2nd c.AD}] “Publicola” 20, compare 4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Or.” 4.148c, etc.; γυναῖκ᾽ ἐφ᾽ ἡμῖν.. ἔχει 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Med.” 694)]: with Verbs of eating and drinking, with, [Refs 6th c.BC+ (ἐ. τῷ σίτῳ πίνειν ὕδωρ Xenophon Historicus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 6.2.27)]; νέκταρ [Refs 6th c.BC+ (ποτίσαι ἐπ᾽ ἀμβροσίᾳ Plato Philosophus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Phaedrus” 247e)]; especially of a relish, κάρδαμον μόνον [Refs 6th c.BC+ (ἐ. τῷ σίτῳ ἔχειν Xenophon Historicus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.2.11; παίειν ἐφ᾽ ἁλὶ τὰν μᾶδδαν Aristophanes Comicus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Acharnenses” 835)]: metaphorically, ἐ. τῷ φάγοις ἥδιστ᾽ ἄ; ἐ. βαλλαντί; [Refs ([prev\. author] “Eq.” 707; later ἐ. γογγυλίσι διαβιῶναι)] live on turnips, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Athenaeus Epigrammaticus 10.419a.)]
B.I.1.f. of position, after,behind, of soldiers, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Cyr.” 8.3.16 - 18.)]
B.I.1.g. in dependence upon, in the power of, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (τὰ δ᾽ οὐκ ἐπ᾽ ἀνδράσι κεῖται 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 8.76)]; ἐ. τινί ἐστι it is in his power to do, c.infinitive, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.29, etc.; ἐ. σοί ἐστιν ἀναζωπυρεῖν 2nd c.AD: Marcus Antoninus Imperator 7.2; ἐ. ἑτέροις γίγνεσθαι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.22)]; ἐ. τῷ πλήθει in their hands, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “OC” 66, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.84; τὸ ἐπ᾽ ἐμοί, τὸ ἐ. ἐκείνῳ)], etc., as far as is in my power, etc., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Cyr.” 5.4.11, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 4.142, etc.; τὸ ἐ. τούτοις εἶναι 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 28.14)]; ἐ. τοῖς υἱάσι their property, [Refs (Leges Gortynensium 4.37.)]
B.I.1.h. according to, ἐ. τοῖς νόμοις Legal cited in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 24.56; ἐ. πᾶσι δικαίοις ποιούμεθα τοὺς λόγους [prev\. author] 20.88; ἐ. προφάσει θηρός 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 662)] codices (Lyric poetry).
B.I.1.i. of condition or circumstances in which one is, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (ἀτελευτήτῳ ἐ. ἔργῳ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.175, etc.; ἐπ᾽ ἀρρήτοις λόγοις 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 556; ἐπ᾽ ἀσφάκτοις μήλοισι 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 228 (Lyric poetry); ταύταις ἐ. συντυχίαις 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 1.36; ἐπ᾽ εὐπραξίᾳ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1554; ἐ. τῷ παρόντι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.36)]; ἐπ᾽ αὐτοφώρῳ λαβεῖν, see at {αὐτόφωρος}; also ἐ. τῷ δείπνῳ at dinner, [Refs 6th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Cyr.” 1.3.12, 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Char.” 3.2; ἐ. τῇ κύλικι Plato Philosophus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Symposium” 214b; ἐ. θαλίαις 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Med.” 192)] (anapaest meter).
B.I.1.k. Geometry texts, of the point, etc., at which letters are written, κέντρον ἐφ᾽ ᾧ K Hippocr. cited in [Refs 4th c.BC+ (6th c.AD: Simplicius Philosophus “in Ph.” 64.14; ἡ [γραμμὴ] ἐφ᾽ ᾗ HK the line HK, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Mete.” 375b22.)]
B.I.2. with Verbs of Motion:
B.I.2.a. where the sense of motion merges in that of support, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (ἐ. χθονὶ βαίνει 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.443; θεῖναι ἐ. γούνασιν 6.92; καταθέσθαι ἐ. γαίῃ 3.114)]; ἱστὸν ἔστησεν ἐ. [Refs (ψαμάθοις 23.853; ἐ. φρεσὶ θῆκε 1.55)]; δυσφόρους ἐπ᾽ ὄμμασι γνώμας [Refs 5th c.BC+ (βαλεῖν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 51)], etc.
B.I.2.b. in pregnant construction, πέτονται ἐπ᾽ ἄνθεσιν fly on to the flowers and settle there, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.89; ἐκ.. βαῖνον ἐ. ῥηγμῖνι θαλάσσης 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 15.499; καθεῖσεν ἐ. Σκαμάνδρῳ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.36)]; ἦλθε δ᾽ [Refs (ἐ. Κρήτεσσι 4.251, compare 273; νῆες εἰρύατ᾽.. ἐ. θινὶ θαλάσσης 4.248)].
B.I.2.c. rarely for εἰς c.accusative, [Refs (νηυσὶν ἔ. γλαφυρῇσιν ἐλαυνέμεν 5.327, 11.274)].
B.I.2.d. in hostile sense, upon or against, ἐ. τινι ἔχειν, ἰθύνειν ἵππους, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5.240, 8.110; ἐ. τινι ἱέναι βέλος, ἰθύνεσθαι ὀϊστόν, 1.382, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 22.8; ἐ. τοι Ἀκράγαντι τανύσαις 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 2.91; ἐ. Τυδεΐδῃ ἐτιταίνετο.. τόξα 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.97; ἐφ᾽ Ἕκτορι.. ἀκοντίσσαι 16.358; κύνας.. σεύῃ ἐπ᾽ ἀγροτέρῳ συΐ 11.293; ὡρμήθησαν ἐπ᾽ ἀνδράσιν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.214, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ph.” 1379, etc.: also ἐ. τινι τετάχθαι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.70, 3.13; ὅστις φάρμακα δηλητήρια ποιοῖ ἐ. Τηΐοισιν “SIG” 37.2)] (Teos, 5th c.BC).
B.II. of Time, rarely, and never in good Attic dialect, except in sense of succession (below 2), ἐ. νυκτί by night, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.529; ἐφ᾽ ἡμέρῃ, αἱ δ᾽ ἐ. νυκτί {8-7th c.BC}: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 102)]; ἐπ᾽ ἤματι τῷδε on this very day, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.234; ἐπ᾽ ἤματι)] for to-day, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (19.229, 10.48, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.284; αἰεὶ ἐπ᾽ ἤματι every day, 14.105; ἐπ᾽ ἡμέρῃ ἑκάστῃ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.112, 5.53, compare 1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 34 / 5.2.1; ὁ ἥλιος νέος ἐφ᾽ ἡμέρῃ ἐστίν 1st c.AD: Heraclitus 6; ἐ. τρίς “Act.Ap.” 10.16, “PHolm.” 1.18.)]
B.II.2. of succession, after, ἕκτῃ ἐ. δέκα on the [Refs 4th c.BC+ (16th of the month, Chron. cited in 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.155, Decrees [prev. work]181 (δεκάτῃ codices); τετράδι ἐ. δέκα “IG” 12.304.62)]; πρὸ τῆς ἕκτης ἐ. δέκα [Refs ([prev. work]22.1361.19; ἐπ᾽ ἐξεργασμένοισι, =)] Latin re peracta, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.164, etc.; ἐ. τινι ἀγορεύειν, ἀνίστασθαι, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Or.” 898, 902, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Cyr.” 2.3.7, etc.; ἐ. διεφθαρμένοισι Ἴωσι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.170)], τὰ ἐ. τούτοισι, = Latin quod superest, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev\. author] 9.78, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.65, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Ag.” 255, etc.; τοὐπὶ τῷδε πῆμα 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 855)] (Lyric poetry), etc.
B.II.3. in the time of (compare [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 11) only in 4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus, ἐπὶ Χαιριάδαι “Schwyzer” 665 A 21, compare 666 (Orchom.).)]
B.III. in various causal senses:
B.III.1. of the occasion or cause, τετεύξεται ἄλγε᾽ ἐπ᾽ αὐτῇ for her, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.585; ἐ. σοὶ μάλα πόλλ᾽ ἔπαθον)] for thee, [Refs 1st c.AD+ (9.492: frequently with Verbs expressing some mental affection, ἐπὶ παντὶ λόγῳ ἐπτοῆσθαι 1st c.AD: Heraclitus 87)]; μέγα φρονεῖν ἐ. τινι to be proud at or of a thing, [Refs 6th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Prt.” 342d, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “HG” 3.4.11, etc.; χλιδᾶν ἐ.τινι 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “El.” 360; ἀγάλλεσθαι, ἀγανακτεῖν ἐ. τοῖς παροῦσι, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “An.” 2.6.26, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 4.122; ὀνομαστὸς ἐ. τινι γεγονέναι Xenophon Historicus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Memorabilia” 1.2.61)]; also ἐφ᾽ αἵματι φεύγειν to be tried on a capital charge, [Refs 6th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.105; πληγὰς λαμβάνειν ἐ. τινι Xenophon Historicus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.3.16; ζημιοῦσθαι ἐ. τινι 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 24.122)], etc.: in adverbial phrases [δικάσσαι] ἐπ᾽ ἀρωγῇ with favour, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.574; δολίῃ ἐ. τέχνῃ {8-7th c.BC}: Hesiodus Epicus “Theogonia” 540; ἐ. μιῇ αἰτίῃ ἀνήκεστον πάθος ἔρδειν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.137)], etc.; ἐ.κακουργίᾳ καὶ οὐκ ἀρετῇ for malice, [NT+5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.37; ἐπ᾽ εὐνοία, ἐπ᾽ ἔχθρα, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.273, 21.55; ἐπ᾽ ἀγαθῇ ἐλπίδι with.., 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus Mem. 2.1.18, cf. NT.Rom.4.18; ἐφ᾽ ἑκατέροις)] in both cases, [Refs 6th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Tht.” 158d, compare 6th c.BC: Xenophanes Poeta Philosophus 34.4; ἐ. δάκρυσί τινα καταστένειν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Troades” 315)] (Lyric poetry); ἐ. τῇ πάσῃ συκοφαντίᾳ καὶ διασεισμῷ Mitteis [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (“Chr.” 31 vI (2nd c.BC), etc.)]
B.III.2. of an end or purpose, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (υἱὸν ἐ. κτεάτεσσι λιπέσθαι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.154, compare 9.482; ἐ. δόρπῳ)] for supper, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 18.44; ἐ. κακῷ ἀνθρώπου σίδηρος ἀνεύρηται 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.68; ἐ. διαφθορῇ [prev\. author] 4.164; ἐ. σῷ καιρῷ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 151 (Lyric poetry); ἐ. τῷ κέρδει Xenophon Historicus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Memorabilia” 1.2.56)]; δῆσαι ἐ. θανάτῳ or τὴν ἐ. θανάτῳ, [Refs 6th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.37, 3.119, compare 1.109, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “An.” 1.6.10; ἐ. θανάτῳ συλλαβεῖν Isocrates Orator [{5-6th c.BC}] 4.154)]; ἐπ᾽ ἐξαγωγῇ for exportation, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.6; χρηστηριάζεσθαι ἐ. τῇ χώρῃ)] with a view to gaining.. , [Refs 6th c.BC+ ([prev\. author] 1.66; ἐ. τούτοις ἐθύσαντο Xenophon Historicus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Anabasis” 3.5.18; ἐ. τῷ ὑβρίζεσθαι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.38, compare 34, etc.; τι κακοτεχνεῖν ἐ. αἰσχύνῃ τοῦ ἀνδρός “PEleph.” 1.6 (4th c.BC).)]
B.III.3. of the condition upon which a thing is done, ἐ. τούτοισι on these terms, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.60, etc.; ἐ. τοῖσδε, ὥστε.. 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.114)]; ἐ. τούτῳ, ἐπ᾽ ᾧτε on condition that.. , [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.83, compare 7.158: in indirect speech, ἐπ᾽ or ἐφ᾽ ᾧτε)] followed by infinitive, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev\. author] 1.22, 7.154, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “HG” 2.2.20; ἐφ᾽ ᾧ μηδὲν κακὸν ποιήσουσιν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.126)] (but ἐφ᾽ ᾧ = wherefore, NT.Rom.5.12); ἐπ᾽ οὐδενί on no condition, on no account, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.38)]; but, for no adequate reason, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.132; ἐπ᾽ ἴσῃ τε καὶ ὁμοίῃ, ἐπὶ τῇ ἴσῃ καὶ ὁμοίᾳ)], on fair and equal terms, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.7, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.27; ἐ. ῥητοῖς, see at {ῥητός}; also of a woman's dowry, τὴν μητέρα ἐγγυᾶν ἐ. ταῖς ὀγδοήκοντα μναῖς 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 28.16)]; γῆμαί [Refs 6th c.BC+ (τινα ἐ. δέκα ταλάντοις Andocides Orator [{5-6th c.BC}] 4.13; τὴν θυγατέρα ἔχειν γυναῖκα ἐ. τῇ τυραννίδι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.60)]; on the principle of.. , [Refs 5th c.BC+ (ἐ. τῷ μὴ λυπεῖν ἀλλήλους 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.71)].
B.III.4. of the price for which.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (ἔργον τελέσαι δώρῳ ἔ. μεγάλῳ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.304, compare 21.445; ἐ. τίνι χρήματ; 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.38; ἐ. πόσ; 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Ap.” 41a; ἐ. ταλάντῳ χρυσίου Aristophanes Comicus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Aves” 154)]; ἐπ᾽ ἀργυρίῳ λέγειν, πράττειν, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 19.182, 24.200; ἐ. χρήμασι λυμαίνεσθαι [prev\. author] 19.332; ἐ. πολλῷ ἐρρᾳθυμηκότες [prev\. author] 1.15)]; also of money lent at interest, δανείζεσθαι ἐ. τοῖς μεγάλοις τόκοις [Refs ([prev. passage]; ἐ. δραχμῇ δανείζειν)] lend at 12 per cent., [Refs ([prev\. author] 27.9; ἐπ᾽ ὀκτὼ ὀβολοῖς τὴν μνᾶν τοῦ μηνὸς ἑκάστου δανείζειν)], i.e. at 16 per cent., [Refs ([prev\. author] 53.13; ἐ. διακοσίαις εἴκοσι πέντε τὰς χιλίας _for_ 225 per mille, i.e. 22.5 per cent., Syngr. cited in [same work] 35.10)]; also of the security on which money is borrowed, [Refs (δανείζειν ἐ. ἀνδραπόδοις [prev\. author] 27.27)]; ἐπ᾽ οἴνου [Refs 4th c.BC+ (κεραμίοις τρισχιλίοις [prev\. author] 35.18; ἐ. νηΐ [prev\. author] 56.3; δανείζειν ἐ. τοῖς σώμασιν 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ἀθηναίων Πολιτεία” 9.1, compare 2.2, 1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis 4.9.)]
B.III.5. of names, φάος καὶ νὺξ ὀνόμασται.. [Refs 6th c.BC+ (ἐ. τοῖσί τε καὶ τοῖς Parmenides Poeta Philosophus [{4-5th c.BC}] 9.2; ἐ. τῇ τοῦ οἰκείου ἔχθρᾳ στάσις κέκληται Plato Philosophus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Respublica” 470b; so ὄνομα κεῖται ἐ. τινι Xenophon Historicus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 2.2.12)]; ὄνομα καλεῖν [Refs 6th c.BC+ (ἐ. τινι Plato Philosophus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Sophista” 218c, compare 244b; πότερον ταῦτα, πέντε ὀνόματα ὄντα, ἐ. ἑνὶ πράγματί ἐστι [prev\. author] “Prt.” 349b (v. above 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 111.2).)]
B.III.6. of persons in authority, ὅς μ᾽ ἐ. βουσὶν εἷσεν who set me over the kine, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 20.209, compare 221; ποιμαίνειν ἐπ᾽ ὄεσσι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.25; οὖρον κατέλειπον ἐ. κτεάτεσσιν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 15.89; σημαίνειν ἐ. δμῳῇσι 22.427)]; πέμπειν ἐ. τοσούτῳ [Refs 6th c.BC+ (στρατεύματι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.29; ἐ. ταῖς ναυσίν Xenophon Historicus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 1.5.11; οἱ ἐ. ταῖς μηχαναῖς [prev\. author] “Cyr.” 6.3.28)]; οἱ ἐ. ταῖς καμήλοις [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 33; οἱ ἐ. τοῖς πράγμασιν ὄντες 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 9.2; ἐ. θυγατρὶ.. γαμεῖν ἄλλην γυναῖκα 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.154)].
B.III.7. in possession of, possessing, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (ἐ. τοῖς ἑαυτοῦ μένειν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.105, compare 8.86; ζῆν ἐ. παιδίοις, τελευτᾶν ἐ. παιδὶ γνησίῳ, 4th c.AD: Alciphro Epistolographus 1.3, 2nd-3rd c.AD: Philostratus Sophista “VS” 2.12.2; ἐ. παισὶ διαδόχοις 2nd c.AD: Herodianus Grammaticus 4.2.1; ἀποθανεῖν ἐ. κληρονόμοις ταῖς θυγατράσι 2nd c.AD: Artemidorus Daldianus Onirocriticus 1.78, compare “PMeyer” 6.22 (2nd c.AD); ἐ. μόνῳ παιδὶ σαλεύειν 3rd c.AD: Heliodorus Scriptor Eroticus 1.9)].
C. WITH Acc.:
C.I. of Place, upon or on to a height, with Verbs of Motion, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (ἐ. πύργον ἔβη 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.386, compare 12.375; ἐ. τὰ ὑψηλότατα τῶν ὀρέων ἀναβαίνειν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.131; προελθεῖν ἐ. βῆμα 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.34)]; ἀναβιβαστέον τινά, ἀναβαίνειν ἐ. τὸν ἵππον, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “R.” 467e, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “An.” 3.4.35; also ἐξ ἵππων ἀποβάντες ἐ. χθόνα 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.265)]; ἐξεκυλίσθη πρηνὴς ἐ. στόμα upon his face, [Refs (6.43; ἐ. θρόνον.. ἕζετο 8.442)]; ὤμω.. ἐ. στῆθος συνοχωκότε drawn together upon his breast, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (2.218; Ὀδυσσῆ᾽ εἷσαν ἐ. σκέπας 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.212; θέσθαι ἐ. τὰ γόνατα Xenophon Historicus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Anabasis” 7.3.23; ἐπ᾽ ἀμφότερα τὰ ὦτα καθεύδειν 4th c.BC: Aeschines Socraticus Philosophus 54)]; ἐ. κεφαλήν head-foremost, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “R.” 553b, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Pisc.” 48 (v. κεφαλή): less frequently than ἐπί with _genitive_ or _dative_)]
C.I.b. Geometry texts, αἱ ἐ. τὰς ἁφὰς ἐπιζευγνύμεναι εὐθεῖαι joining the points of contact, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Archimedes Geometra “Sph.Cyl.” 1.8; κάθετος ἐ)]. perpendicular to (v. κάθετος).
C.I.2. to, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (ἦλθε θοὰς ἐ. νῆας 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.12)], etc.; ἐ. βωμὸν ἄγων [Refs 6th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 440; ἴθυσαν δ᾽ ἐ. τεῖχος 12.443; ἐ. τέρμ᾽ ἀφίκετο 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 48; ἡ [ὁδὸς] ἐ. Σοῦσα φέρει Xenophon Historicus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Anabasis” 3.5.15; ἡ ὁδὸς ἡ ἀπὸ τῶν Πυλῶν ἐ. τὸ Ποσειδώνιον 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.118)]; ἐ. [Refs (τὸ αὐτὸ αἱ γνῶμαι ἔφερον [prev\. author] 1.79)]: c.accusative person, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (βῆ δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ἐπ᾽ Ἀτρεΐδην 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.18, compare 10.18, 85, 150, etc.: sometimes in pregnant _construction_ with Verbs of Rest, ἐπιστῆναι ἐ. τὰς θύρας Plato Philosophus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Symposium” 212d; παρεῖναι ἐ. τὸν τάφον 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.34, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus Cyr. 3.3.12.)]
C.I.2.b. metaphorically, ἐ. ἔργα τρέπεσθαι, ἰέναι, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.422, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.127; ἰέναι ἐ. τὸν ἔπαινον 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.36; ἐ. συμφορὴν ἐμπεσεῖν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.88)] codices; also ἐ. τὴν τράπεζαν ἀποδιδόναι, ὀφείλειν, pay, owe to the bank, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 33.12, Docum. cited in [same work] 45.31; ἡ ἐγγύη ἡ ἐ. τὴν τράπεζαν 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 33.10)]; τὸ ἐ. τὴν τράπεζαν χρέως [Refs ([prev. work]24; also εἰσποιηθῆναι ἐ. τὸ ὄνομά τινος)] to be entered under his name, [Refs ([prev\. author] 44.36.)]
C.I.2.c. up to, as far as (μέχρι ἐ. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “An.” 5.1. [1]), παρατείνειν ἐπ᾽ Ἡρακλέας στήλας 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.181; ἐ. θάλασσαν καθήκειν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.27, 97: _metaphorically_, ἐ. πείρατ᾽ ἀέθλων ἤλθομεν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 23.248)]; ἐ. διηκόσια ἀποδιδόναι yield [Refs (200)]-fold, [Refs 6th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.193; in measurements, πλέον ἢ ἐ. δύο στάδια Xenophon Historicus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.5.8, “An.” 6.2.2; ὅσον ἐ. εἴκοσι σταδίους [prev. work] 6.4.5, compare 1.7.15: frequently with a _neuter_)] adjective or pronoun, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (τόσσον τίς τ᾽ ἐπιλεύσσει ὅσον τ᾽ ἐ. λᾶαν ἵησιν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.12)]; ὅσσον [Refs (ἔφ᾽ 2.616, compare 15.358; ἐ. τοσοῦτό γε φρονέω,.. ταύτην μηδὲν σίνεσθαι)] I am prudent enough, not to.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.97; ἐ. ὅσον δεῖ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.66)]; ἐ. [Refs 6th c.BC+ (πάντ᾽ ἀφίξομαι 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 265; ἐ. πᾶν ἐλθεῖν Xenophon Historicus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Anabasis” 3.1.18)]; ἐ. τὸ ἔσχατον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (ἀγῶνος ἐλθεῖν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.92)]; ἐ. μεῖζον χωρεῖν, ἔρχεσθαι, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 117, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ph.” 259; ἐ. μέγα χωρεῖν δυνάμεως 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.118)]; ἐ. μακρότερον, ἐ. μακρότατον, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev\. author] 4.41, 1.1, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.16, 192; ἐ. σμικρόν, ἐ. βραχύ)], a little way, a little, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “El.” 414, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.118; ἐπ᾽ ἔλαττον, ἐπ᾽ ἐλάχιστον, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phd.” 93b, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.70; ἐπ᾽ ὀλίγον, ἐ. πολλά, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Sph.” 254b; ἐ. πλέον)] still more, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.171, 5.51, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.51; rarely with Advs., ἐ. μᾶλλον 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.94, 4.181)].
C.I.2.d. before, into the presence of (compare [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 1.2e), ἦγον δή μιν ἐ. τὰ κοινά [prev\. author] 3.156)] (but στὰς ἐ. τὸ συνέδριον standing at the door of the council, [NT ([prev\. author] 8.79); ἐ. ἡγεμόνας καὶ βασιλεῖς ἀχθήσεσθε NT.Matt.10.18)].
C.I.2.e. in Military phrases (compare [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 1.2d), ἐπ᾽ ἀσπίδας πέντε καὶ εἴκοσιν ἐτάξαντο)], i.e. twenty-five in file, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.93; uncertain in 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus, as ἐ. πολλοὺς τεταγμένοι)] many in file, [Refs (“An.” 4.8.11 codices; ἐπ᾽ ὀλίγον τὸ βάθος γίγνεσθαι “Cyr.” 7.5.2)] codices; for ἐ. κέρας see below[Refs (3.)]
C.I.3. of the quarter or direction towards or in which a thing takes place, ἐ. δεξιά, ἐπ᾽ ἀριστερά, to the right or left, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.238, 12.240, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.171, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.33, etc.; ἐ. τὰ ἕτερα or ἐ. θάτερα, [prev\. author] 5.74, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.87, etc.; ἐ. τὰ μακρότερα,βραχύτερα)], on the longer, shorter side, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.50; ἐπ᾽ ἀμφότερα νοέων)] both ways, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev\. author] 8.22; ἐπ᾽ ἀμφότερα μαχᾶν τάμνειν τέλος 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 13.57)], etc.; ἐ. τάδε Φασήλιδος on this side, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 7.80; ἐ. ἐκεῖνα, see at {ἐπέκεινα}; ἐφ᾽ ἕν, ἐ. δύο, ἐ. τρία)], of space, in one, two, three dimensions, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de An.” 404b23, 3rd c.AD: Plotinus Philosophus 6.3.13; in Military phrases, ἐ. δόρυ ἀναστρέψαι,ἐ. ἀσπίδα μεταβαλέσθαι)], to the spear or shield side, i.e. to right or left, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “An.” 4.3.29, “Cyr.” 7.5.6; ἐ. πόδα ἀναχωρεῖν)], etc., retire on the foot, i.e. facing the enemy, [Refs ([prev\. author] “An.” 5.2.32; so ἐ. κέρας or ἐ. κέρως πλεῖν)], etc., sail towards or on the wing, i.e. in column (v. [Refs (κέρας v11): _metaphorically_, ἐ. τὸ μεῖζον κοσμῆσαι, δεινῶσαι)], etc., with exaggeration, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.10, 8.74, etc.; ἐ. τὸ πλέον ἀγγέλλεσθαι [prev\. author] 6.34)]; ἐ. τὸ φοβερώτερον [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 83; ἐ. τὰ γελοιότερα ἐπαινέσαι so as to provoke laughter, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Smp.” 214e; ἐ. τὰ καλλίω, ἐ. τὰ αἰσχίονα, [prev\. author] “Plt.” 293e; ἐ. τὸ βέλτιον καὶ κάλλιον, ἐ. τὸ χεῖρον καὶ τὸ αἴσχιον, [prev\. author] “R.” 381b; ἐ. τὸ ἄμεινον Oracle texts cited in 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 43.66.)]
C.I.4. in hostile sense, against, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (ἰέναι ἐ. νέας 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.101; ὦρτο δ᾽ ἐπ᾽ αὐτούς 5.590)]; στρατεύεσθαι or -εύειν ἐ. τινα, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.71, 77, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.26, etc.; ἰέναι ἐ. φάτιν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 495)] (Lyric poetry); πλεῖν ἐ. τοὺσ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (Ἀθηναίους 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.90; πέμπειν στρατηγὸν ἐ. τινας 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.153)]; θύεσθαι ἐ. τινα offer sacrifice on going against.. , [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “An.” 7.8.21; ἐφ᾽ ὑμᾶς)] to your prejudice, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 6.33, 10.57.)]
C.I.5. of extension over a space, πουλὺν ἐφ᾽ ὑγρὴν ἤλυθον over much water, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.27: ἐπ᾽ εὐρέα νῶτα θαλάσσης 2.159; ἐ. κύματα 13.27; ὁρόων ἐπ᾽ ἀπείρονα πόντον 1.350)]; πλέων, λεύσσων ἐ. οἴνοπα πόντον, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (7.88, 5.771; ἐ. πολλὰ δ᾽ ἀλήθην 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.120; ἄγοισι.. Ἀνδρομάχαν.. ἐπ᾽ ἄλμυρον πόντον Sappho Lyrica [{7-6th c.BC}] “Papyrus fragments” in E. Diehl, 20a. 7: also with Verbs of Rest, ἐπ᾽ ἐννέα κεῖτο πέλεθρα)] over nine acres he lay stretched, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.577; τόσσον ἔπ᾽)] over so much, [Refs (5.251, compare 13.114; διώκοντες ἐ. πολύ)] over a large space, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.50, compare 62, etc.; ἐ. πλεῖστον [prev. work] 4; ὡς ἐ. πλεῖστον 2.34)], etc.; frequently to be rendered on, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (δράκων ἐ. νῶτα δαφοινός 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.308)]; ἵππους.. ἐ. νῶτον ἐΐσας [Refs ([prev. work] 765; ὅσσα τε γαῖαν ἔπι πνείει 17.447)]; ἐ. γαῖαν εἰσὶ δύω [γένη] [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Op.” 11; ἀοιδοὶ ἔασιν ἐ. χθόνα “Th.” 95; ἐ. γᾶν μέλαιναν ἔμμεναι κάλλιστον Sappho Lyrica [{7-6th c.BC}] “Papyrus fragments” in E. Diehl, 5.2)]; also, among, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (κλέος πάντας ἐπ᾽ ἀνθρώπους 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.213, compare 24.202, 535; δασσάμενοι [κτήματ᾽] ἐφ᾽ ἡμέας 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 16.385, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Prt.” 322d.)]
C.II. of Time, for or during a certain time, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (ἐ. χρόνον 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.299, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.193: πολλὸν ἐ. χρόνον 12.407; παυρίδιον.. ἐ. χρόνον {8-7th c.BC}: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 133; ἐ. δηρόν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.415; ἐ. πολὺν χρόνον Plato Philosophus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Phaedo” 84c)], etc.; ἐπ᾽ [Refs 4th c.BC+ (ὀλίγον χρόνον 4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 7)]; ἐ. χρόνον τινά, ἐ. τινα χρόνον, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Prt.” 344b, “Grg.” 524d; γῆν ἀπεμίσθωσαν ἐ. δέκα ἔτη 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.68)]; ἐ. διετές Legal cited in [Refs 6th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 46.20; ἐ. τρεῖς ἡμέρας Xenophon Historicus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Anabasis” 6.6.36)]; τὸ ἐφ᾽ ἡμέραν ἀρκέσον enough for the day, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev\. author] “Cyr.” 6.2.34, compare 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 50.23, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.32; ἐ. πολύ)] for a long time, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.6, etc.)]
C.II.2. up to, until a certain time, εὗδον παννύχιος [Refs 8th c.BC+ (καὶ ἐπ᾽ ἠῶ καὶ μέσον ἦμαρ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 7.288; οὐδ᾽ ἐ. γῆρας ἵκετ᾽ 8.226)].
C.III. in various causal senses:
C.III.1. of the object or purpose for which one goes, ἀγγελίην ἔπι Τυδῆ στεῖλαν sent him for (i.e. to bring) tidings of.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.384 (uncertain); ἐ. βοῦν ἴτω)] let him go for an ox, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.421; ἐ. τεύχεα δ᾽ ἐσσεύοντο 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.808; ἐλθεῖν πρός τινα ἐπ᾽ ἀργύριον Xenophon Historicus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.6.12)]; πέμπειν εἴς τινα ἐ. στράτευμα [Refs ([prev. work] 4.5.31; ἴτω τις ἐφ᾽ ὕδωρ [prev. work] 5.3.49; ἥκειν ἐ. τοὺς τόκους)] for (i.e. to demand) the interest, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 50.61: less frequently with _accusative_ _person_, ἐπ᾽ Ὀδυσσῆα ἤϊε 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.149, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “OT” 555; κατῆλθον ἐ. ποιητήν Aristophanes Comicus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Ranae” 1418; κατέρχονται ἐ. τὸν Ἀγόρατον 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 13.23)]: with accusative of a Noun of Action, ἐξιέναι ἐ. θήραν go out hunting, [Refs 6th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Cyr.” 1.2.9; ἔπλεον οὐχ ὡς ἐ. ναυμαχίαν (variant for{-μαχίᾳ}) 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.83; ἐ. μάχην ἰέναι Xenophon Historicus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Anabasis” 1.4.12)]; ἔρχεσθαι, ἵζειν ἐ. δεῖπνον, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.381, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 24.394; ἐ. δόρπον ἀνέστη 12.439; κληθεὶς ἐ. δεῖπνον Plato Philosophus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Symposium” 174e, etc.; καλεῖν ἐ. ξείνια 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.107, 5.18; ἐ. τὴν θεωρίαν)] to see the sight, [NT+2nd c.BC+ (“NT.Luke.23.48”, compare “PTeb.” 33.6 (2nd c.BC): frequently with _neuter_ _pronoun_)] or adjective, ἐ. τοῦτο ἐλθεῖν for this purpose, [Refs 6th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “An.” 2.5.22, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.87; ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸ τοῦτο Plato Philosophus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Gorgias” 447b)], etc.; ἐ. τ; to what end? [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nu.” 256; ἐφ᾽ ὅ τι [prev\. author] “Lys.” 22, 481; ἐφ᾽ ἃ ἤλθομεν)] for which purpose, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.15, etc.; ἐπὶ ἴσα)] for like ends, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 7.5 (but ἐ. ἶσα μάχη τέτατο, ={ἴσως}, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 12.436); ἐ. τὸ βέλτιον)] to a better result, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “An.” 7.8.4; ἀναστῆσαί τινα ἐ. χριστὸν Θεοῦ)] set up as God's anointed, [LXX (LXX.2Ki.23.1)]: after an adjective, ἄριστοι πᾶσαν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (ἐπ᾽ ἰθύν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.79, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.434; ἄπορος ἐ. φρόνιμα 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 691)] (Lyric poetry); χρήσιμος [Refs 6th c.BC+ (ἐ... οὐδέν 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 25.31: after a Noun, ὁδὸς ἐ. τι Xenophon Historicus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.6.21)]; ὄργανα ἐ. τι [Refs ([prev. work] 6.2.34.)]
C.III.2. so far as regards, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (τοὐπὶ τήνδε τὴν κόρην 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 889; ὅσον γε τοὐπ᾽ ἐμέ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 1345)]; τοὐπί σε, τὸ ἐ. σέ, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev\. author] “Hec.” 514, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Cyr.” 1.4.12; τὸ ἐ. σφᾶς εἶναι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.28)]; ὡς ἐ. τὸ πολύ for the most part, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Top.” 100b29, etc.; ἐ. πᾶν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.51)]; τὸ πρὸς ἅπαν [Refs 3rd c.AD+ (ξυνετὸν ἐ. πᾶν ἀργόν [prev\. author] 3.82; κρείσσων ἐπ᾽ ἀρετήν 3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 181)]; ἐ. [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (μέγα 3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Hymnus in Dianam” 55)].
C.III.3. of persons set over others, ἐ. τοὺς πεζοὺς [Refs 6th c.BC+ (καθιστάναι ἄρχοντα Xenophon Historicus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 4.5.58, compare “HG” 3.4.20; στρατηγὸς ἐ. τοὺς ὁπλίτας, ἐ. τὴν χώραν, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ath.” 61.1, “IG” 22.682.24; ἐ. τὸν Πειραιέα 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ath.” [same place]; ἐ. Ῥαμνοῦντα “IG” 2.1206b (compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 111.1); οἱ θεσμοθέται οἱ ἐ. τοὺς νόμους κληρούμενοι 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 20.90)].
C.III.4. according to, by, ἐ. στάθμην by the rule, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.245, 21.44, etc.)]
D. POSITION:—ἐπί may suffer anastrophe (ἔπι) and follow its case, as in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.162; it may like wise follow its Verb, ἤλυθ᾽ ἔπι ψυχή 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 24.20, compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.539.)]
D.II. in Poets it is sometimes put with the second of two Nouns, though in sense it also governs the first, ἢ ἁλὸς ἢ ἐ. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (γῆς 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 12.27, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “OT” 761, “Ant.” 367 (Lyric poetry).)]
E. AB[Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus, used adverbially, without anastrophe, καὶ ἐ. σκέπας ἦν ἀνέμοιο 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.443)]; κτεῖνον δ᾽ ἐ. μηλοβοτῆρας as well, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.529; especially ἐ. δέ..)] and besides.. , [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.65, 75, etc.; πολιαί τ᾽ ἐ. ματέρες 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 182)] (Lyric poetry).
E.II. ἔπι, for ἔπεστι, there is, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.515, 3.45, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 16.315; οὐ γὰρ ἔπ᾽ ἀνήρ..)] there is no man.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (2.58; σοὶ δ᾽ ἔ. μὲν μορφὴ ἐπέων 11.367; ἔ. δέ μοι γέρας Aeschylus Tragicus [{4-5th c.BC}] “Eumenides” 393)] codices (Lyric poetry).
F. PROSODY: in ἐπιόψομαι, ι is not elided before a vowel; also in some words where σ or ϝ has been lost, as ἐπιάλμενος, ἐπιείκελος, ἐπιεικής, ἐπιέξομαι (v. [Refs (ἐπέχω v11). _Doric dialect_ ἐπιεργάζομαι (v. ἐπιεργάζομαι).)]
G. IN COMPOSITION:
G.I. of Place, denoting,
G.I.1. Support or Rest upon, ἔπειμι (A), ἐπίκειμαι, ἐπικαθίζω, ἐπαυχένιος, ἐπιβώμιος, etc.
G.I.2. Motion,
G.I.2.a. upon or over, ἐπιβαίνω, ἐπιτρέχω.
G.I.2.b. to or towards, ἐπέρχομαι, ἐπιστέλλω, ἐπαρίστερος, ἐπιδέξιος.
G.I.2.c. against, [Refs (ἐπαΐσσω, ἐπιπλέω 11)], ἐπιστρατεύω, ἐπιβουλεύω.
G.I.2.d. up to a point, ἐπιτελέω.
G.I.2.e. over a place, as in ἐπαιωρέομαι, ἐπαρτάω.
G.I.2.f. over or beyond boundaries, as in ἐπινέμομαι.
G.I.2.g. implying reciprocity, as in ἐπιγαμία.
G.I.3. Extension over a surface, as in ἐπαλείφω, ἐπανθίζω, [Refs (ἐπιπέτομαι, ἐπιπλέω 1)], ἐπάργυρος, ἐπίχρυσος.
G.I.4. Accumulation of one thing over or besides another, as in ἐπαγείρω, ἐπιμανθάνω, ἐπαυξάνω, ἐπιβάλλω, ἐπίκτητος.
G.I.5. Accompaniment, to, with, as in ἐπᾴδω, ἐπαυλέω, ἐπαγρυπνέω: hence of Addition, ἐπίτριτος one and 1/3 more, 1 + 1/3; so ἐπιτέταρτος, ἐπίπεμπτος, ἐπόγδοος, etc.
G.I.6. with adjectives, somewhat, slightly, as in ἐπίξανθος, ἐπίπικρος.
G.II. of Time and Sequence, after, as in ἐπιβιόω, ἐπιβλαστάνω, ἐπιγίγνομαι, [Refs (ἐπακόλουθος, ἐπίγονος, ἐπιστάτης 1.2)].
G.III. in causal senses:
G.III.1. Superiority felt over or at, as in ἐπιχαίρω, ἐπιγελάω, ἐπαισχύνομαι.
G.III.2. Authority over, as in ἐπικρατέω, ἔπαρχος, ἐπιβουκόλος, ἐπιποιμήν.
G.III.3. Motive for, as in ἐπιθυμέω, ἐπιζήμιος, ἐπιθάνατος.
G.III.4. to give force or intensity to the Verb, as in ἐπαινέω, ἐπιμέμφομαι, ἐπικείρω, ἐπικλάω.