Strong G2532καί
and
- Transliteration
- kai
- Pronunciation
- kahee
- Morphology
- Greek Conjunction
Definition
Apparently a primary particle having a copulative and sometimes also a cumulative force;
and also 6
even so 6
then too etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words: - and also both but even for if indeed likewise moreover or so that then therefore when yea yet.
and also 6
even so 6
then too etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words: - and also both but even for if indeed likewise moreover or so that then therefore when yea yet.
Detailed definition
καί,
conj.,
and
I. Copulative.
1. Connecting single words;
__(a) in general: Mat.2:18, 16:1, Mrk.2:15, Luk.8:15, Heb.1:1, al. mult.; repeated before each of the terms in a series, Mat.23:23, Luk.14:21, Rom.7:12, 9:4, al.
__(b) connecting numerals (WM, §37, 4): Jhn.2:20, Act.13:20;
__(with) joining terms which are not mutually exclusive, as the part with the whole: Mat.8:33, 26:59, Mrk.16:17, Act.5:29, al.
2. Connecting clauses and sentences: Mat.3:12, Act.5:21, al. mult.; esp.
__(a) where, after the simplicity of the popular language, sentences are paratactically joined (WM, §60, 3; M, Pr., 12; Deiss., LAE, 128ff.): Mat.1:21, 7:25, Mrk.9:5, Jhn.10:3, al.;
__(b) joining affirmative to negative sentences: Luk.3:14, Jhn.4:11, IIIJhn.10;
__(with) consecutive, and so: Mat.5:1, 23:32, Heb.3:19, al.; after imperatives, Mat.4:19, Luk.7:7, al.;
__(d) = καίτοι, and yet: Mat.3:14, 6:26, Mrk.12:12, Luk.18:7 (Field, Notes, 72), 1Co.5:2, al.;
__(e) beginning an apodosis (= Heb. וְ; so sometimes δέ in cl.), then: Luk.2:21, 7:12, Act.1:10; beginning a question (WM, §53, 3a): Mrk.10:26, Luk.10:29, Jhn.9:36.
3. Epexegetic, and, and indeed, namely (WM, §53, 3c): Luk.3:18, Jhn.1:16, Act.23:6, Rom.1:5, 1Co.3:5, al.
4. In transition: Mat.4:23, Mrk.5:1, 21, Jhn.1:19, al.; so, Hebraistically, καὶ ἐγένετο (וַי:הִי; also ἐγένετο δέ), Mrk.1:9 (cf. Luk.5:1; V. Burton, §§357-60; M, Pr., 14, 16).
5. καὶ... καί, both... and (for τε... καί, see: τε);
__(a) connecting single words: Mat.10:28, Mrk.4:41, Rom.11:33, al.;
__(b) clauses and sentences: Mrk.9:13, Jhn.7:28, 1Co.1:22, al.
II. Adjunctive, also, even, still: Mat.5:39, 40; Mrk.2:28, al. mult.; esp. with pron., adv., etc., Mat.20:4, Jhn.7:47, al; ὡς κ., Act.11:17; καθὼς κ., Rom.15:7; οὑτω κ., Rom.6:11; διὸ κ., Luk.1:35; ὁ κ. (Deiss., BS, 313ff.), Act.13:9; pleonastically, μετὰ κ.. (Bl., §77, 7; Deiss., BS, 265f,), Php.4:3; τί κ., 1 Co 15:29; ἀλλὰ κ., Luk.14:22, Jhn.5:18, al.; καίγε (M, Pr., 230; Burton, §437), Act.17:27; καίπερ, Heb.5:8; κ. ἐάν, see: ἐάν.
conj.,
and
I. Copulative.
1. Connecting single words;
__(a) in general: Mat.2:18, 16:1, Mrk.2:15, Luk.8:15, Heb.1:1, al. mult.; repeated before each of the terms in a series, Mat.23:23, Luk.14:21, Rom.7:12, 9:4, al.
__(b) connecting numerals (WM, §37, 4): Jhn.2:20, Act.13:20;
__(with) joining terms which are not mutually exclusive, as the part with the whole: Mat.8:33, 26:59, Mrk.16:17, Act.5:29, al.
2. Connecting clauses and sentences: Mat.3:12, Act.5:21, al. mult.; esp.
__(a) where, after the simplicity of the popular language, sentences are paratactically joined (WM, §60, 3; M, Pr., 12; Deiss., LAE, 128ff.): Mat.1:21, 7:25, Mrk.9:5, Jhn.10:3, al.;
__(b) joining affirmative to negative sentences: Luk.3:14, Jhn.4:11, IIIJhn.10;
__(with) consecutive, and so: Mat.5:1, 23:32, Heb.3:19, al.; after imperatives, Mat.4:19, Luk.7:7, al.;
__(d) = καίτοι, and yet: Mat.3:14, 6:26, Mrk.12:12, Luk.18:7 (Field, Notes, 72), 1Co.5:2, al.;
__(e) beginning an apodosis (= Heb. וְ; so sometimes δέ in cl.), then: Luk.2:21, 7:12, Act.1:10; beginning a question (WM, §53, 3a): Mrk.10:26, Luk.10:29, Jhn.9:36.
3. Epexegetic, and, and indeed, namely (WM, §53, 3c): Luk.3:18, Jhn.1:16, Act.23:6, Rom.1:5, 1Co.3:5, al.
4. In transition: Mat.4:23, Mrk.5:1, 21, Jhn.1:19, al.; so, Hebraistically, καὶ ἐγένετο (וַי:הִי; also ἐγένετο δέ), Mrk.1:9 (cf. Luk.5:1; V. Burton, §§357-60; M, Pr., 14, 16).
5. καὶ... καί, both... and (for τε... καί, see: τε);
__(a) connecting single words: Mat.10:28, Mrk.4:41, Rom.11:33, al.;
__(b) clauses and sentences: Mrk.9:13, Jhn.7:28, 1Co.1:22, al.
II. Adjunctive, also, even, still: Mat.5:39, 40; Mrk.2:28, al. mult.; esp. with pron., adv., etc., Mat.20:4, Jhn.7:47, al; ὡς κ., Act.11:17; καθὼς κ., Rom.15:7; οὑτω κ., Rom.6:11; διὸ κ., Luk.1:35; ὁ κ. (Deiss., BS, 313ff.), Act.13:9; pleonastically, μετὰ κ.. (Bl., §77, 7; Deiss., BS, 265f,), Php.4:3; τί κ., 1 Co 15:29; ἀλλὰ κ., Luk.14:22, Jhn.5:18, al.; καίγε (M, Pr., 230; Burton, §437), Act.17:27; καίπερ, Heb.5:8; κ. ἐάν, see: ἐάν.
In the Bible
Strong G2532 appears in 5,225 verses of the KJV.
Translated in the KJV by
- and4,742
- also495
- even107
- both48
- but42
- then25
- when22
- so18
- that16
- neither15
- yet13
- likewise12
First verses
- Matthew 1:2Abraham begat Isaac; and Isaac begat Jacob; and Jacob begat Judas and his brethren;
- Matthew 1:3And Judas begat Phares and Zara of Thamar; and Phares begat Esrom; and Esrom begat Aram;
- Matthew 1:11And Josias begat Jechonias and his brethren, about the time they were carried away to Babylon:
- Matthew 1:17So all the generations from Abraham to David are fourteen generations; and from David until the carrying away into Babylon are fourteen generations; and from the carrying away into Babylon unto Christ are fourteen generations.
- Matthew 1:19Then Joseph her husband, being a just man, and not willing to make her a publick example, was minded to put her away privily.
- Matthew 1:21And she shall bring forth a son, and thou shalt call his name JESUS: for he shall save his people from their sins.
- Matthew 1:23Behold, a virgin shall be with child, and shall bring forth a son, and they shall call his name Emmanuel, which being interpreted is, God with us.
- Matthew 1:24Then Joseph being raised from sleep did as the angel of the Lord had bidden him, and took unto him his wife:
- Matthew 1:25And knew her not till she had brought forth her firstborn son: and he called his name JESUS.
- Matthew 2:2Saying, Where is he that is born King of the Jews? for we have seen his star in the east, and are come to worship him.
- Matthew 2:3When Herod the king had heard these things, he was troubled, and all Jerusalem with him.
- Matthew 2:4And when he had gathered all the chief priests and scribes of the people together, he demanded of them where Christ should be born.
- Matthew 2:6And thou Bethlehem, in the land of Juda, art not the least among the princes of Juda: for out of thee shall come a Governor, that shall rule my people Israel.
- Matthew 2:8And he sent them to Bethlehem, and said, Go and search diligently for the young child; and when ye have found him, bring me word again, that I may come and worship him also.
- Matthew 2:9When they had heard the king, they departed; and, lo, the star, which they saw in the east, went before them, till it came and stood over where the young child was.
- Matthew 2:11And when they were come into the house, they saw the young child with Mary his mother, and fell down, and worshipped him: and when they had opened their treasures, they presented unto him gifts; gold, and frankincense, and myrrh.
- Matthew 2:12And being warned of God in a dream that they should not return to Herod, they departed into their own country another way.
- Matthew 2:13And when they were departed, behold, the angel of the Lord appeareth to Joseph in a dream, saying, Arise, and take the young child and his mother, and flee into Egypt, and be thou there until I bring thee word: for Herod will seek the young child to destroy him.
- Matthew 2:14When he arose, he took the young child and his mother by night, and departed into Egypt:
- Matthew 2:15And was there until the death of Herod: that it might be fulfilled which was spoken of the Lord by the prophet, saying, Out of Egypt have I called my son.
Occurrences by book
Related words
Detailed Greek dictionary
καί,
conjunction, copulative, joining words and sentences,
A and; also adverb, even, also, just, frequently expressing emphatic assertion or assent, corresponding as positive to the negative οὐ (μή) or οὐδέ (μηδέ). copulative, and,
A.I joining words or sentences to those preceding, ἦ, καὶ κυανέῃσιν ἐπ᾽ ὀφρύσινεῦσε Κρονίων [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.528, etc.)]: repeated with two or more Nouns, αἱ δὲ ἔλαφοι κ. δορκάδες κ. οἱ ἄγριοι οἶες κ. οἱ ὄνοι οἱ ἄγριοι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.4.7)]; joining only the last pair, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (2nd c.AD: Cleomedes Astronomus 2.1 (p.168.5 Z.), 6th c.AD: Philoponus, Joannes Philosophus “in Aristotelis Analytica Priora commentaria - pars” 239.30, etc., see reading in 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Poetica” 1451a20)]; ὁ ὄχλος πλείων κ. πλείων ἐπέρρει more and more, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.5.39)]; to add epithets after πολύς, πολλὰ κ. ἐσθλά [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.330; πολλὰ κ. μεγάλα 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 28.1, etc.)]
A.I.2 to addalimiting or defining expression, πρὸς μακρὸν ὄρος κ. Κύνθιον ὄχθον to the mountain and specially to.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“hymnus ad Apollinem” 17, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 63 (_anapaest meter_), 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 1277 (_anapaest meter_))] (sometimes in reverse order, πρὸς δῶμα Διὸς κ. μακρὸν Ὄλυμπον [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.398))]; to add by way of climax, θεῶν.. κ. Ποσειδῶνος all the gods, and above all.. , [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 750, etc.; ἐχθροὶ κ. ἔχθιστοι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.68; τινὲς κ. συχνοί 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 455c)]; frequently ἄλλοι τε καί.., ἄλλως τε καί.., see at {ἄλλος} [Refs (11.6, ἄλλως 1.3)]; ὀλίγου τινὸς ἄξια κ. οὐδενός little or nothing, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Ap.” 23a: joined with the _demonstrative_ _pronoun_ οὗτος (which see), εἶναι.. δούλοισι, κ. τούτοισι ὡς δρηπέτῃσι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.11, compare 1.147)]; κ. ταῦτα and this too.. , γελᾶν ἀναπείθειν, κ. ταῦθ᾽ οὕτω πολέμιον ὄντα τῷ γέλωτι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 2.2.16, etc.)]
A.II at the beginning of a sentence,
A.II.1 in appeals or requests, καί μοι δὸς τὴν Χεῖρα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.75)]; καί μοι λέγε.., καί μοι ἀπόκριναι.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthyphro” 3a, “Grg.” 462b)]; frequently in Oratt., καί μοι λέγε.. τὸ ψήφισμα, καί μοι ἀνάγνωθι.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.105, 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 14.8, etc.)]
A.II.2 in questions, to introduce an objection or express surprise, κ. τίς τόδ᾽ ἐξίκοιτ᾽ ἂν ἀγγέλων τάχο; [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 280)]; κ. πῶς..; pray how..? [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 1348)]; κ. δὴ τί..; but then what..? [Refs ([prev. author] “Hel.” 101)]; κ. ποῖον..; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 462)]; κ. τίς εἶδε πώποτε βοῦς κριβανίτα; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 86)]; κἄπειτ᾽ ἔκανε; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 1398 (_anapaest meter_))]; κ. τίς πώποτε Χαριζόμενος ἑτέρῳ τοῦτο εἰργάσατ; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.57, compare 4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 1.20, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 12.23, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 163d, +others)]
A.II.3 ={καίτοι}, and yet, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 1245, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 509.)]
A.II.4 at the beginning of a speech, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Lysias Orator “Fragmenta” 36a.)]
A.III after words implying sameness or like ness, as, γνώμῃσι ἐχρέωντο ὁμοίῃσι κ. σύ they had the same opinion as you, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.50, compare 84)]; ἴσον or ἴσα κ..., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 611, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Electra” 994)]; ἐν ἴσῳ (i.e. ἐστὶ) κ. εἰ.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.60, etc.)]
A.III.2 after words implying comparison or opposition, αἱ δαπάναι οὐχ ὁμοίως κ. πρίν [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 7.28; πᾶν τοὐναντίον ἔχει νῦν τε κ. ὅτε.. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 967a.)]
A.III.3 to express simultaneity, ἦν ἦμαρ δεύτερον.., κἀγὼ κατηγόμην [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 355, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.50)]; παρέρχονταί τε μέσαι νύκτες κ. ψύχεται [τὸ ὕδωρ] [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.181, compare 3.108)]; [οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι] οὐκ ἔφθασαν τὴν ἀρχὴν κατασχόντες κ. Θηβαίοις εὐθὺς ἐπεβούλευσαν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 8.98.)]
A.IV joining an affirmative clause with a negative, ἀλλ᾽ ὥς τι δράσων εἷρπε κοὐ θανούμενος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 160, etc.)]
A.V καί.., καί.. correlative, not only.., but also.. , κ. ἀεὶ κ. νῦν, κ. τότε κ. νῦν, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 523a, “Phlb.” 60b; κ. κατὰ γῆν κ. κατὰ θάλατταν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.1.7.)]
A.VI by anacoluthon, ὣς φαμένη κ. κερδοσύνῃ ἡγήσατ᾽ Ἀθήνη, for ὣς ἔφη κ..., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.247)]; ἔρχεται δὲ αὐτή τε.. κ. τὸν υἱὸν ἔχουσα, for κ. ὁ υἱός, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.3.1; ἄλλας τε κατηγεόμενοί σφι ὁδούς, κ. τέλος ἐγίνοντο 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.104; τοιοῦτος ὤν, κᾆτ᾽ ἀνὴρ ἔδοξεν εἶναι 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 392, compare “Nu.” 624.)]
B even, also, just,
B.1 τάχα κεν κ. ἀναίτιον αἰτιόῳτο even the innocent, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.654, compare 4.161, etc.)]; δόμεναι κ. μεῖζον ἄεθλον an even greater prize, [Refs (23.551, compare 10.556, 5.362: with numerals, κ. πέντε)]full five,[Refs 5th c.BC+ (23.833; γενομένης κ. δὶς ἐκκλησίας 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.44, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.44, 60, 68, +others (but ἐτῶν δύο κ. τριῶν)] two or three, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.82, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitandi ratione” 4.4).)]
B.2 also, κ. ἐγώ I also, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.40)]; κ. αὐτοί they also, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 3.4.44, etc.)]; Ἀγίας καὶ Σωκράτης κ. τούτω ἀπεθανέτην likewise died, [Refs ([prev. work] 2.6.30)]; in adding surnames, etc., Ὦχος ὁ κ. Δαρειαῖος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Ctesias Historicus “fragment” 29.49 (sed Photii est): 1st c.BC: Ptolemaeus Epigrammaticus Papyri have _nominative_ ὃς κ., _genitive_ τοῦ κ. etc., Πανίσκος ὃς κ. Πετεμῖνις “PLond.” 2.219 (b) 2 (2nd c.BC); _dative_ τῷ κ. [prev. work](a) v2, “PRein.” 26.5 (2nd c.BC))]; nominative ὁ κ. first in [Refs 1st c.BC+ (“PTeb.” 110.1 (1st c.BC))], frequently later, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (“BGU” 22.25 (2nd c.AD))], etc.; Ἰούδας ὁ κ. Μακκαβαῖος [NT+8th c.BC+ (1st c.AD: Josephus Historicus “Antiquitates Judaicae” 12.6.4; Σαῦλος ὁ κ. Παῦλος NT.Act.13.9: with ἄλλος, λαβέτω δὲ κ. ἄλλος 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.152)]; εἴπερ τι κ. ἄλλο, ὥς τις κ. ἄλλος, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 3.6.2, “An.” 1.3.15, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 59a, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 356: frequently in antithetic phrases, οὐ μόνον.., ἀλλὰ καὶ..)], not only.., but also.. , see at {μόνος}; οὐδὲν μᾶλλον.. ἢ οὐ καὶ.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.94, +others)]
B.2.b frequently used both in the antecedent and relative clause, where we put also in the antecedent only, εἰ μὲν κ. σὺ εἶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ὧνπερ κ. ἐγώ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 458a, compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.476, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 2.1.21.)]
B.3 frequently in apodosi, after temporal Conjs., ἀλλ᾽ ὅτε δή ῥα.., κ. τότε δή.. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.494, compare 8.69, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.112)]; also after εἰ, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.897: in Prose, ὡς δὲ ἔδοξεν, κ. ἐχώρουν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.93)]: as a Hebraism, κ. ἐγένετο.. κ... [LXX+NT (LXX.Gen.24.30, +others, NT.Luke.1.59, etc.)]
B.4 with Advs., to give emphasis, κ. κάρτα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.125)]; κ. λίην full surely, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.408, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.46; κ. μᾶλλον 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.470, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Heraclidae” 386)]; κ. πάλαι, κ. πάνυ, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1252, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Charmides” 154e)]; κ. μάλα, κ. σφόδρα, in answers, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 1326, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Laches” 191e.)]
B.5 with words expressing a minimum, even so much as, were it but, just, ἱέμενος κ. καπνὸν ἀποθρῴσκοντα νοῆσαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.58)]; οἷς ἡδὺ κ. λέγειν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 528)]; τίς δὲ κ. προσβλέψετα; who will so much as look at you? [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 1192, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 614, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 28b, 35b.)]
B.6 just, τοῦτ᾽ αὐτὸ κ. νοσοῦμεν 'tis just that that ails me, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 906, compare “Ba.” 616, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 490, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Pax” 892, “Ra.” 73, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 456a, “Tht.” 166d)]: frequently with a relative, τὸ κ. κλαίουσα τέτηκα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.176; διὸ δὴ καὶ.. 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.128, etc.: also in interrogations (usually to be rendered by emphasis in intonation), ποίου Χρόνου δὲ καὶ πεπόρθηται πόλις)]; and how long ago was the city sacked? [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 278)]; ποῦ καί σφε θάπτε; where is he burying her? [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 834, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1290, +others, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 5.8.2, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Pax” 1289, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthyphro” 6b, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 4.46, etc.)]
B.7 even, just, implying assent, ἔπειτά με κ. λίποι αἰών thereafter let life e'en leave me, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.685, compare 17.647, 21.274, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 7.224.)]
B.8 κ. εἰ even if, of a whole condition represented as an extreme case, opposed to εἰ κ. although, notwithstanding that, of a condition represented as immaterial even if fulfilled,[Refs 8th c.BC+ (compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.347, 5.351, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.292, 16.98 with 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.410, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.312, 8.139, etc.)]; εἰ κ. ἠπιστάμην if I had been able, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 108d, compare “Lg.” 663d. (This remark does not apply to cases where εἰ and καί)] each exert their force separtely, as εἴ περ ἀδειής τ᾽ ἐστί, καὶ εἰ.. and if.. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.117, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.78, etc.))]
B.9 before a Participle, to represent either καὶ εἰ.., or εἰ καί.., although, albeit, Ἕκτορα κ. μεμαῶτα μάχης σχήσεσθαι ὀΐω, for ἢν κ. μεμάῃ, how much soever he rage, although he rage, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.655; τί σὺ ταῦτα, κ. ἐσθλὸς ἐών, ἀγορεύει; (for εἰ κ. ἐσθλὸς εἶ) 16.627, compare 13.787, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.343, etc.; κ. τύραννος ὢν ὅμως 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 851.)]
C Position: καί and, is by Poets sometimes put after another word, ἔγνωκα, τοῖσδε κοὐδὲν ἀντειπεῖν ἔχω, for καὶ τοῖσδε οὐδέν [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 51, compare 3rd c.BC: Euphorio Epicus 51.7, etc.)]
C.2 καί also, sometimes goes between a preposition and its case, ἐν κ. θαλάσσᾳ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 2.28.)]
C.3 very seldom at the end of a verse, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 312, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 1193.)]
D crasis: with ᾰ, as κἄν, κἀγαθοί, etc.; with ε, as κἀγώ, κἄπειτα, etc., Doric dialect κἠγώ, κἤπειτα, etc.; with η, as Χἠ, Χἠμέρη, Χἠμεῖς, etc.; with ῐ in Χἰκετεύετε, Χἰλαρ; with ο, as Χὠ, Χὤστις, etc.; with υ in Χὐμεῖς, Χὐποχείριον, etc.; with ω in the pronoun ᾧ, Χ; with αι, as κᾀσχρῶ; with αυ, as καὐτό; with ει, as κεἰ, κεἰς (but also κἀς), κᾆτ; with εὐ-, as κεὐγένεια, κεὐσταλή; with οι in Χοἰ (Χᾠ [Refs (“Etymologicum Magnum” 816.34))]; with ου in Χοὖτος, κοὐ, κοὐδέ, and the like.
conjunction, copulative, joining words and sentences,
A and; also adverb, even, also, just, frequently expressing emphatic assertion or assent, corresponding as positive to the negative οὐ (μή) or οὐδέ (μηδέ). copulative, and,
A.I joining words or sentences to those preceding, ἦ, καὶ κυανέῃσιν ἐπ᾽ ὀφρύσινεῦσε Κρονίων [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.528, etc.)]: repeated with two or more Nouns, αἱ δὲ ἔλαφοι κ. δορκάδες κ. οἱ ἄγριοι οἶες κ. οἱ ὄνοι οἱ ἄγριοι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.4.7)]; joining only the last pair, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (2nd c.AD: Cleomedes Astronomus 2.1 (p.168.5 Z.), 6th c.AD: Philoponus, Joannes Philosophus “in Aristotelis Analytica Priora commentaria - pars” 239.30, etc., see reading in 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Poetica” 1451a20)]; ὁ ὄχλος πλείων κ. πλείων ἐπέρρει more and more, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.5.39)]; to add epithets after πολύς, πολλὰ κ. ἐσθλά [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.330; πολλὰ κ. μεγάλα 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 28.1, etc.)]
A.I.2 to addalimiting or defining expression, πρὸς μακρὸν ὄρος κ. Κύνθιον ὄχθον to the mountain and specially to.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“hymnus ad Apollinem” 17, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 63 (_anapaest meter_), 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 1277 (_anapaest meter_))] (sometimes in reverse order, πρὸς δῶμα Διὸς κ. μακρὸν Ὄλυμπον [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.398))]; to add by way of climax, θεῶν.. κ. Ποσειδῶνος all the gods, and above all.. , [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 750, etc.; ἐχθροὶ κ. ἔχθιστοι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.68; τινὲς κ. συχνοί 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 455c)]; frequently ἄλλοι τε καί.., ἄλλως τε καί.., see at {ἄλλος} [Refs (11.6, ἄλλως 1.3)]; ὀλίγου τινὸς ἄξια κ. οὐδενός little or nothing, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Ap.” 23a: joined with the _demonstrative_ _pronoun_ οὗτος (which see), εἶναι.. δούλοισι, κ. τούτοισι ὡς δρηπέτῃσι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.11, compare 1.147)]; κ. ταῦτα and this too.. , γελᾶν ἀναπείθειν, κ. ταῦθ᾽ οὕτω πολέμιον ὄντα τῷ γέλωτι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 2.2.16, etc.)]
A.II at the beginning of a sentence,
A.II.1 in appeals or requests, καί μοι δὸς τὴν Χεῖρα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.75)]; καί μοι λέγε.., καί μοι ἀπόκριναι.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthyphro” 3a, “Grg.” 462b)]; frequently in Oratt., καί μοι λέγε.. τὸ ψήφισμα, καί μοι ἀνάγνωθι.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.105, 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 14.8, etc.)]
A.II.2 in questions, to introduce an objection or express surprise, κ. τίς τόδ᾽ ἐξίκοιτ᾽ ἂν ἀγγέλων τάχο; [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 280)]; κ. πῶς..; pray how..? [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 1348)]; κ. δὴ τί..; but then what..? [Refs ([prev. author] “Hel.” 101)]; κ. ποῖον..; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 462)]; κ. τίς εἶδε πώποτε βοῦς κριβανίτα; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 86)]; κἄπειτ᾽ ἔκανε; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 1398 (_anapaest meter_))]; κ. τίς πώποτε Χαριζόμενος ἑτέρῳ τοῦτο εἰργάσατ; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.57, compare 4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 1.20, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 12.23, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 163d, +others)]
A.II.3 ={καίτοι}, and yet, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 1245, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 509.)]
A.II.4 at the beginning of a speech, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Lysias Orator “Fragmenta” 36a.)]
A.III after words implying sameness or like ness, as, γνώμῃσι ἐχρέωντο ὁμοίῃσι κ. σύ they had the same opinion as you, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.50, compare 84)]; ἴσον or ἴσα κ..., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 611, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Electra” 994)]; ἐν ἴσῳ (i.e. ἐστὶ) κ. εἰ.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.60, etc.)]
A.III.2 after words implying comparison or opposition, αἱ δαπάναι οὐχ ὁμοίως κ. πρίν [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 7.28; πᾶν τοὐναντίον ἔχει νῦν τε κ. ὅτε.. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 967a.)]
A.III.3 to express simultaneity, ἦν ἦμαρ δεύτερον.., κἀγὼ κατηγόμην [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 355, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.50)]; παρέρχονταί τε μέσαι νύκτες κ. ψύχεται [τὸ ὕδωρ] [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.181, compare 3.108)]; [οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι] οὐκ ἔφθασαν τὴν ἀρχὴν κατασχόντες κ. Θηβαίοις εὐθὺς ἐπεβούλευσαν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 8.98.)]
A.IV joining an affirmative clause with a negative, ἀλλ᾽ ὥς τι δράσων εἷρπε κοὐ θανούμενος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 160, etc.)]
A.V καί.., καί.. correlative, not only.., but also.. , κ. ἀεὶ κ. νῦν, κ. τότε κ. νῦν, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 523a, “Phlb.” 60b; κ. κατὰ γῆν κ. κατὰ θάλατταν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.1.7.)]
A.VI by anacoluthon, ὣς φαμένη κ. κερδοσύνῃ ἡγήσατ᾽ Ἀθήνη, for ὣς ἔφη κ..., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.247)]; ἔρχεται δὲ αὐτή τε.. κ. τὸν υἱὸν ἔχουσα, for κ. ὁ υἱός, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.3.1; ἄλλας τε κατηγεόμενοί σφι ὁδούς, κ. τέλος ἐγίνοντο 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.104; τοιοῦτος ὤν, κᾆτ᾽ ἀνὴρ ἔδοξεν εἶναι 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 392, compare “Nu.” 624.)]
B even, also, just,
B.1 τάχα κεν κ. ἀναίτιον αἰτιόῳτο even the innocent, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.654, compare 4.161, etc.)]; δόμεναι κ. μεῖζον ἄεθλον an even greater prize, [Refs (23.551, compare 10.556, 5.362: with numerals, κ. πέντε)]full five,[Refs 5th c.BC+ (23.833; γενομένης κ. δὶς ἐκκλησίας 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.44, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.44, 60, 68, +others (but ἐτῶν δύο κ. τριῶν)] two or three, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.82, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitandi ratione” 4.4).)]
B.2 also, κ. ἐγώ I also, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.40)]; κ. αὐτοί they also, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 3.4.44, etc.)]; Ἀγίας καὶ Σωκράτης κ. τούτω ἀπεθανέτην likewise died, [Refs ([prev. work] 2.6.30)]; in adding surnames, etc., Ὦχος ὁ κ. Δαρειαῖος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Ctesias Historicus “fragment” 29.49 (sed Photii est): 1st c.BC: Ptolemaeus Epigrammaticus Papyri have _nominative_ ὃς κ., _genitive_ τοῦ κ. etc., Πανίσκος ὃς κ. Πετεμῖνις “PLond.” 2.219 (b) 2 (2nd c.BC); _dative_ τῷ κ. [prev. work](a) v2, “PRein.” 26.5 (2nd c.BC))]; nominative ὁ κ. first in [Refs 1st c.BC+ (“PTeb.” 110.1 (1st c.BC))], frequently later, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (“BGU” 22.25 (2nd c.AD))], etc.; Ἰούδας ὁ κ. Μακκαβαῖος [NT+8th c.BC+ (1st c.AD: Josephus Historicus “Antiquitates Judaicae” 12.6.4; Σαῦλος ὁ κ. Παῦλος NT.Act.13.9: with ἄλλος, λαβέτω δὲ κ. ἄλλος 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.152)]; εἴπερ τι κ. ἄλλο, ὥς τις κ. ἄλλος, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 3.6.2, “An.” 1.3.15, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 59a, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 356: frequently in antithetic phrases, οὐ μόνον.., ἀλλὰ καὶ..)], not only.., but also.. , see at {μόνος}; οὐδὲν μᾶλλον.. ἢ οὐ καὶ.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.94, +others)]
B.2.b frequently used both in the antecedent and relative clause, where we put also in the antecedent only, εἰ μὲν κ. σὺ εἶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ὧνπερ κ. ἐγώ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 458a, compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.476, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 2.1.21.)]
B.3 frequently in apodosi, after temporal Conjs., ἀλλ᾽ ὅτε δή ῥα.., κ. τότε δή.. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.494, compare 8.69, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.112)]; also after εἰ, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.897: in Prose, ὡς δὲ ἔδοξεν, κ. ἐχώρουν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.93)]: as a Hebraism, κ. ἐγένετο.. κ... [LXX+NT (LXX.Gen.24.30, +others, NT.Luke.1.59, etc.)]
B.4 with Advs., to give emphasis, κ. κάρτα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.125)]; κ. λίην full surely, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.408, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.46; κ. μᾶλλον 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.470, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Heraclidae” 386)]; κ. πάλαι, κ. πάνυ, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1252, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Charmides” 154e)]; κ. μάλα, κ. σφόδρα, in answers, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 1326, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Laches” 191e.)]
B.5 with words expressing a minimum, even so much as, were it but, just, ἱέμενος κ. καπνὸν ἀποθρῴσκοντα νοῆσαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.58)]; οἷς ἡδὺ κ. λέγειν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 528)]; τίς δὲ κ. προσβλέψετα; who will so much as look at you? [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 1192, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 614, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 28b, 35b.)]
B.6 just, τοῦτ᾽ αὐτὸ κ. νοσοῦμεν 'tis just that that ails me, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 906, compare “Ba.” 616, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 490, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Pax” 892, “Ra.” 73, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 456a, “Tht.” 166d)]: frequently with a relative, τὸ κ. κλαίουσα τέτηκα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.176; διὸ δὴ καὶ.. 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.128, etc.: also in interrogations (usually to be rendered by emphasis in intonation), ποίου Χρόνου δὲ καὶ πεπόρθηται πόλις)]; and how long ago was the city sacked? [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 278)]; ποῦ καί σφε θάπτε; where is he burying her? [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 834, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1290, +others, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 5.8.2, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Pax” 1289, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthyphro” 6b, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 4.46, etc.)]
B.7 even, just, implying assent, ἔπειτά με κ. λίποι αἰών thereafter let life e'en leave me, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.685, compare 17.647, 21.274, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 7.224.)]
B.8 κ. εἰ even if, of a whole condition represented as an extreme case, opposed to εἰ κ. although, notwithstanding that, of a condition represented as immaterial even if fulfilled,[Refs 8th c.BC+ (compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.347, 5.351, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.292, 16.98 with 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.410, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.312, 8.139, etc.)]; εἰ κ. ἠπιστάμην if I had been able, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 108d, compare “Lg.” 663d. (This remark does not apply to cases where εἰ and καί)] each exert their force separtely, as εἴ περ ἀδειής τ᾽ ἐστί, καὶ εἰ.. and if.. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.117, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.78, etc.))]
B.9 before a Participle, to represent either καὶ εἰ.., or εἰ καί.., although, albeit, Ἕκτορα κ. μεμαῶτα μάχης σχήσεσθαι ὀΐω, for ἢν κ. μεμάῃ, how much soever he rage, although he rage, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.655; τί σὺ ταῦτα, κ. ἐσθλὸς ἐών, ἀγορεύει; (for εἰ κ. ἐσθλὸς εἶ) 16.627, compare 13.787, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.343, etc.; κ. τύραννος ὢν ὅμως 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 851.)]
C Position: καί and, is by Poets sometimes put after another word, ἔγνωκα, τοῖσδε κοὐδὲν ἀντειπεῖν ἔχω, for καὶ τοῖσδε οὐδέν [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 51, compare 3rd c.BC: Euphorio Epicus 51.7, etc.)]
C.2 καί also, sometimes goes between a preposition and its case, ἐν κ. θαλάσσᾳ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 2.28.)]
C.3 very seldom at the end of a verse, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 312, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 1193.)]
D crasis: with ᾰ, as κἄν, κἀγαθοί, etc.; with ε, as κἀγώ, κἄπειτα, etc., Doric dialect κἠγώ, κἤπειτα, etc.; with η, as Χἠ, Χἠμέρη, Χἠμεῖς, etc.; with ῐ in Χἰκετεύετε, Χἰλαρ; with ο, as Χὠ, Χὤστις, etc.; with υ in Χὐμεῖς, Χὐποχείριον, etc.; with ω in the pronoun ᾧ, Χ; with αι, as κᾀσχρῶ; with αυ, as καὐτό; with ει, as κεἰ, κεἰς (but also κἀς), κᾆτ; with εὐ-, as κεὐγένεια, κεὐσταλή; with οι in Χοἰ (Χᾠ [Refs (“Etymologicum Magnum” 816.34))]; with ου in Χοὖτος, κοὐ, κοὐδέ, and the like.