Strong G3361μή
not
- Transliteration
- mē
- Pronunciation
- may
- Morphology
- Greek Particle - Negative
Definition
A primary particle of qualified negation (whereas G3756 expresses an absolute denial); (adverbially) not (conjugationally) lest; also (as interrogitive implying a negative answer [whereas G3756 expects an affirmative one]); whether : - any but (that) X forbear + God forbid + lack lest neither never no (X wise in) none nor [can-] not nothing that not un [-taken] without. Often used in compounds in substantially the same relations. See also G3362 G3363 G3364 G3372 G3373 G3375 G3378 .
Detailed definition
μή,
subjective negative particle,
used where the negation depends on a condition or hypothesis, expressed or understood, as distinct from οὐ, which denies absolutely. μή is used where one thinks a thing is not, as distinct from an absolute negation. As a general rule, οὐ negatives the indic, μή the other moods, incl, ptcp. [In LXX for אֵין,אַיִן,אַל ]
I. As a neg. adv., not;
1. with ref. to thought or opinion: Jhn.3:18, Tit.1:11, 2Pe.1:9.
2. In delib. questions, with subjc. (M, Pr., 185): Mrk.12:14, Rom.3:8.
3. In conditional and final sentences, after εἰ, ἐάν, ἄν, ἵνα, ὅπως: Mat.10:14, Mrk.6:11 12:19, Luk.9:5, Jhn.6:50, Rom.11:25, al.
4. C. inf. (see M, Pr., 234f., 239, 255),
__(a) after verbs of saying, etc.: Mat.2:12 5:34, Mrk.12:18, Act.15:38, Rom.2:21, al.;
__(b) with artic. inf.: after a prep., Mat.13:5, Mrk.4:5, Act.7:19, 1Co.10:6, al.; without a prep., Rom.14:13, 2Co.2:1, 13 1Th 4:6;
__(with) in sentences expressing consequence, after ὥστε: Mat.8:28, Mrk.3:20, 1Co.1:7, 2Co.3:7, al.
5. C. ptcp. (see M, Pr., 231f., 239), in hypothetical references to persons of a certain character or description: Mat.10:28 12:30, Luk.6:49, Jhn.3:18, Rom.4:5, 1Co.7:38, 1Jn.3:10, al.; where the person or thing being definite, the denial is a matter of opinion: Jhn.6:64, 1Co.1:28 4:7, 18, 2Co.5:21, al.; where the ptcp. has a concessive, causal or conditional force, if, though, because not: Mat.18:25, Luk.2:45, Jhn.7:49, Act.9:26, Rom.2:14 5:13, 2Co.3:14, Gal.6:9, Ju 5; where the ptcp. has a descriptive force (being such as), not: Act.9:9, Rom.1:28, 1Co.10:33, Gal.4:8, Heb.12:27, al.
6. μή prohibitive, in indep. sentences,
__(a) with subjc. praes., 1 of person(s) pl.: Gal.5:26 6:9, 1Th.5:6, 1Jn.3:18;
__(b) with imperat. praes., usually where one is bidden to desist from what has already begun (cf. M, Pr., 122ff.): Mat.7:1, Mrk.5:36, Luk.6:30, Jhn.2:16 5:45, Act.10:15, Rom.11:18, Jas.2:1, Rev.5:5, al.;
__(with) forbidding that which is still future: with imperat. aor., 3 of person(s), Mat.24:18, Mrk.13:15, Luk.17:31, al.; with subjc. aor., 2 of person(s), Mat.3:9 10:26, Mrk.5:7, Luk.6:29, Jhn.3:7, Rom.10:6, al.;
__(d) with optative, in wishes: 2Ti.4:16 (LXX); μὴ γένοιτο (see M, Pr., 194; Bl., §66, 1), Luk.20:16, Rom.3:3, al.; μή τις, Mrk.13:5, al.
II. As a conj.,
1. after verbs of fearing, caution, etc., that, lest, perhaps (M, Pr., 192f.): with subjc. praes., Heb.12:15; with subjc. aor., Mat.24:4, Mrk.13:5, Luk.21:8, Act.13:40, Gal.5:15, al.; ὅρα μή (see M, Pr., 124, 178), elliptically, Rev.19:10 22:9; with indic, fut. (M, Pr., l.with), Col.2:8.
2. in order that not: with subjc. aor., Mrk.13:36, 2Co.8:20 12:6.
III. Interrogative, in hesitant questions (M, Pr., 170), or where a negative answer is expected: Mat.7:9, 10, Mrk.2:19, Jhn.3:4, Rom.3:3 10:18, 19, 1Co.1:13, al.; μή τις, Luk.22:35, al.; before οὐ (Rom.10:17, al. in Pl.), expecting an affirm, ans.; οὐ μή, Luk.18:7, Jhn.18:11.
IV. οὐ μή as emphatic negation (cf. M, Pr., 188, 190ff.; Bl. §64, 5), not at all, by no means: with indic, fut., Mat.16:22, Jhn.6:35, Heb.10:17, al.; with subjc. aor., Mat.24:2, Mrk.13:2, Luk.6:37, Jhn.13:8, 1Co.8:13, al.
(AS)
subjective negative particle,
used where the negation depends on a condition or hypothesis, expressed or understood, as distinct from οὐ, which denies absolutely. μή is used where one thinks a thing is not, as distinct from an absolute negation. As a general rule, οὐ negatives the indic, μή the other moods, incl, ptcp. [In LXX for אֵין,אַיִן,אַל ]
I. As a neg. adv., not;
1. with ref. to thought or opinion: Jhn.3:18, Tit.1:11, 2Pe.1:9.
2. In delib. questions, with subjc. (M, Pr., 185): Mrk.12:14, Rom.3:8.
3. In conditional and final sentences, after εἰ, ἐάν, ἄν, ἵνα, ὅπως: Mat.10:14, Mrk.6:11 12:19, Luk.9:5, Jhn.6:50, Rom.11:25, al.
4. C. inf. (see M, Pr., 234f., 239, 255),
__(a) after verbs of saying, etc.: Mat.2:12 5:34, Mrk.12:18, Act.15:38, Rom.2:21, al.;
__(b) with artic. inf.: after a prep., Mat.13:5, Mrk.4:5, Act.7:19, 1Co.10:6, al.; without a prep., Rom.14:13, 2Co.2:1, 13 1Th 4:6;
__(with) in sentences expressing consequence, after ὥστε: Mat.8:28, Mrk.3:20, 1Co.1:7, 2Co.3:7, al.
5. C. ptcp. (see M, Pr., 231f., 239), in hypothetical references to persons of a certain character or description: Mat.10:28 12:30, Luk.6:49, Jhn.3:18, Rom.4:5, 1Co.7:38, 1Jn.3:10, al.; where the person or thing being definite, the denial is a matter of opinion: Jhn.6:64, 1Co.1:28 4:7, 18, 2Co.5:21, al.; where the ptcp. has a concessive, causal or conditional force, if, though, because not: Mat.18:25, Luk.2:45, Jhn.7:49, Act.9:26, Rom.2:14 5:13, 2Co.3:14, Gal.6:9, Ju 5; where the ptcp. has a descriptive force (being such as), not: Act.9:9, Rom.1:28, 1Co.10:33, Gal.4:8, Heb.12:27, al.
6. μή prohibitive, in indep. sentences,
__(a) with subjc. praes., 1 of person(s) pl.: Gal.5:26 6:9, 1Th.5:6, 1Jn.3:18;
__(b) with imperat. praes., usually where one is bidden to desist from what has already begun (cf. M, Pr., 122ff.): Mat.7:1, Mrk.5:36, Luk.6:30, Jhn.2:16 5:45, Act.10:15, Rom.11:18, Jas.2:1, Rev.5:5, al.;
__(with) forbidding that which is still future: with imperat. aor., 3 of person(s), Mat.24:18, Mrk.13:15, Luk.17:31, al.; with subjc. aor., 2 of person(s), Mat.3:9 10:26, Mrk.5:7, Luk.6:29, Jhn.3:7, Rom.10:6, al.;
__(d) with optative, in wishes: 2Ti.4:16 (LXX); μὴ γένοιτο (see M, Pr., 194; Bl., §66, 1), Luk.20:16, Rom.3:3, al.; μή τις, Mrk.13:5, al.
II. As a conj.,
1. after verbs of fearing, caution, etc., that, lest, perhaps (M, Pr., 192f.): with subjc. praes., Heb.12:15; with subjc. aor., Mat.24:4, Mrk.13:5, Luk.21:8, Act.13:40, Gal.5:15, al.; ὅρα μή (see M, Pr., 124, 178), elliptically, Rev.19:10 22:9; with indic, fut. (M, Pr., l.with), Col.2:8.
2. in order that not: with subjc. aor., Mrk.13:36, 2Co.8:20 12:6.
III. Interrogative, in hesitant questions (M, Pr., 170), or where a negative answer is expected: Mat.7:9, 10, Mrk.2:19, Jhn.3:4, Rom.3:3 10:18, 19, 1Co.1:13, al.; μή τις, Luk.22:35, al.; before οὐ (Rom.10:17, al. in Pl.), expecting an affirm, ans.; οὐ μή, Luk.18:7, Jhn.18:11.
IV. οὐ μή as emphatic negation (cf. M, Pr., 188, 190ff.; Bl. §64, 5), not at all, by no means: with indic, fut., Mat.16:22, Jhn.6:35, Heb.10:17, al.; with subjc. aor., Mat.24:2, Mrk.13:2, Luk.6:37, Jhn.13:8, 1Co.8:13, al.
(AS)
In the Bible
Strong G3361 appears in 911 verses of the KJV.
Translated in the KJV by
- not549
- no57
- lest38
- but31
- except20
- forbid15
- save10
- neither8
- never8
- that7
- do6
- at5
First verses
- Matthew 1:19Then Joseph her husband, being a just man, and not willing to make her a publick example, was minded to put her away privily.
- Matthew 1:20But while he thought on these things, behold, the angel of the Lord appeared unto him in a dream, saying, Joseph, thou son of David, fear not to take unto thee Mary thy wife: for that which is conceived in her is of the Holy Ghost.
- Matthew 2:12And being warned of God in a dream that they should not return to Herod, they departed into their own country another way.
- Matthew 3:9And think not to say within yourselves, We have Abraham to our father: for I say unto you, that God is able of these stones to raise up children unto Abraham.
- Matthew 3:10And now also the axe is laid unto the root of the trees: therefore every tree which bringeth not forth good fruit is hewn down, and cast into the fire.
- Matthew 5:13Ye are the salt of the earth: but if the salt have lost his savour, wherewith shall it be salted? it is thenceforth good for nothing, but to be cast out, and to be trodden under foot of men.
- Matthew 5:17Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil.
- Matthew 5:18For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled.
- Matthew 5:20For I say unto you, That except your righteousness shall exceed the righteousness of the scribes and Pharisees, ye shall in no case enter into the kingdom of heaven.
- Matthew 5:26Verily I say unto thee, Thou shalt by no means come out thence, till thou hast paid the uttermost farthing.
- Matthew 5:29And if thy right eye offend thee, pluck it out, and cast it from thee: for it is profitable for thee that one of thy members should perish, and not that thy whole body should be cast into hell.
- Matthew 5:30And if thy right hand offend thee, cut it off, and cast it from thee: for it is profitable for thee that one of thy members should perish, and not that thy whole body should be cast into hell.
- Matthew 5:34But I say unto you, Swear not at all; neither by heaven; for it is God’s throne:
- Matthew 5:39But I say unto you, That ye resist not evil: but whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also.
- Matthew 5:42Give to him that asketh thee, and from him that would borrow of thee turn not thou away.
- Matthew 6:1Take heed that ye do not your alms before men, to be seen of them: otherwise ye have no reward of your Father which is in heaven.
- Matthew 6:2Therefore when thou doest thine alms, do not sound a trumpet before thee, as the hypocrites do in the synagogues and in the streets, that they may have glory of men. Verily I say unto you, They have their reward.
- Matthew 6:3But when thou doest alms, let not thy left hand know what thy right hand doeth:
- Matthew 6:7But when ye pray, use not vain repetitions, as the heathen do: for they think that they shall be heard for their much speaking.
- Matthew 6:8Be not ye therefore like unto them: for your Father knoweth what things ye have need of, before ye ask him.
Occurrences by book
Related words
Word family
- οὐnoG3756
- μὴ οὐκisn't it?G3378
- μηδέnorG3366
- μήποτεlestG3379
- μήτιςunless/anyG3387
- ἵνα μήlest/so that... notG3363
- ἐὰν μήunlessG3362
- οὐ μήneverG3364
- μηκέτιnever againG3371
- εἰ δὲ μή(γε)but if not; otherwiseG1490
- μήπωnot yetG3380
- μηδείςnothingG3367
- μήτεneitherG3383
- εἰ μήexceptG1508
- μήτιsurely notG3385
- μηδαμῶςsurely notG3365
- μήπωςso thatG3381
Detailed Greek dictionary
μή,
Elean μά [ᾱ] [Refs 6th c.BC+ (“SIG” 9.5 (Olympia, 6th c.BC))]. (Cf. Sanskrit mā´, Armenian mi [from I.-[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus)] mē´], negative used in prohibitions):—not, the negative of the will and thought, as οὐ of fact and statement; μή rejects, οὐ denies; μή is relative, οὐ absolute; μή subjective, οὐ objective. (A few examples of μηδέ and μηδείς have been included.)
A in INDEPENDENT sentences, used in expressions of will or wish, command, entreaty, warning,
A.1 with present imperative, 2 person, μή μ᾽ ἐρέθιζε [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.32, +others; 3 _person_, μή μευ πειράτω 9.345, etc.)]: rarely with aorist imperative, μὴ.. ἔνθεο τιμῇ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (4.410, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 24.248)]; in Attic dialect, μὴ ψεῦσον, ὦ Ζεῦ, τῆς.. ἐλπίδος [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Thesmophoriazusae” 870; 3 _person_, μή τις ἀκουσάτω 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 16.301, compare 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 8.55, “P.” 5.23, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 1041, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1180; μηδεὶς νομισάτω, προσδοκησάτω 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.5.73, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 17c: with)]perfect imperative [Refs 8th c.BC+ (3 _person_, μή τις ὀπίσσω τετράφθω 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 12.272; or 2)] person when perfect = present, μὴ κεκράγετε [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 415.)]
A.2 with subjunctive (usually [Refs (2 _person_ of _aorist_))], in prohibitions, μὴ δή με.. ἐάσῃς [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.684, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 583 (Lyric poetry), +others)]; μή τοί με κρύψῃς τοῦτο[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 625, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 470; μὴ φθονήσῃς 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 320c)]: coupled with present imperative, μὴ βοηθήσητε τῷ πεπονθότι δεινά, μὴ εὐορκεῖτε [Refs 8th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.211; 3 _person_, μὴ.. γένηται 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.37, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 22.213; μὴ ματεύσῃ θεὸς γενέσθαι 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 5.24: rarely, if ever, with 2)] person present subjunctive, μὴ κάμνῃς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 1143 (to be read κάμῃς); 3 _person_, μή τις οἴηται, ={μὴ οἰώμεθα}, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 861e)]: also with the hortative subjunctive used to supply the [Refs (1)] person of the imperative, present μὴ ἴομεν [Refs 8th c.BC+ ((ἴωμεν) 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 12.216, etc.; μὴ διώκωμεν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.109, etc.)]: aorist μὴ πάθωμεν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.5.11, etc.)]: rarely with 1st pers. singular, μή σε.. κιχείω [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.26, compare 21.475, 22.123, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 174)] (anapaest meter).
A.2.b with present or aorist subjunctive in a warning or statement of fear, μὴ.. γένησθε take care you do not become, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.487)]; μὴ.. ὑφαίνῃσιν I fear.. may prove to be weaving, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.356; αἷμα μὴ σοῖς ἐξομόρξωμαι πέπλοις 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 1399)]: in Attic dialect Prose, to make a polite suggestion of apprehension or hesitation, perhaps, μὴ ἀγροικότερον ᾖ τὸ ἀληθὲς εἰπεῖν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 462e, compare “Tht.” 188d, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1291a8, +others)]: in later Greek the indicative is found, μὴ ἡ ἔννοια ἡμῶν.. ἀντιλαμβάνεται [Refs 5th c.AD+ (5th-6th c.AD: Damascius Philosophus “de Principiis” 27.)]
A.3 with future indicative, a uncertain usage (νεμεσήσετ᾽ is subjunctive in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.115), μηδεμίαν ἄδειαν δώσετε 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 29.13)]; μὴ βουλήσεσθε (Papyrus βούλη[σθ]ε) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 23.117; compare μαλακὸν ἐνδώσετε μηδέν 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 488.)]
A.4 with past tenses of indicative to express an unfulfilled wish, μὴ ὄφελες λίσσεσθαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.698, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.548; μή ποτ᾽ ὤφελον λιπεῖν τὴν Σκῦρον 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 969; εἴθε μή ποτ᾽ εἰδόμαν [prev. author] “OT” 1217 (Lyric poetry), compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 70, “Cyc.” 186, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 4.6.3.)]
A.5 with optative to express a negative wish, with present, ἃ μὴ κραίνοι τύχη [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 426, compare “Eu.” 938 (Lyric poetry))]: more frequently with aorist, μὴ σέ γ᾽ ἐν ἀμφιάλῳ Ἰθάκῃ βασιλῆα Κρονίων ποιήσειεν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.386, compare 403, 11.613.)]
A.6 in oaths and asseverations, ἴστω Ζεὺς.., μὴ μὲν τοῖς ἵπποισιν ἀνὴρ ἐποχήσεται ἄλλος [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.330; ἴστω νῦν τόδε Γαῖα.., μὴ.. Ποσειδάων.. πημαίνει Τρῶας 15.41; μὰ τὴν Ἀφροδίτην.., μὴ ἐγώ σ᾽ ἀφήσω 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 1000, compare “Av.” 195, “Lys.” 917.)]
A.7 with infinitive, when used as imperative, μὴ δή μοι ἀπόπροθεν ἰσχέμεν ἵππους [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.501; μὴ πρὶν ἐπ᾽ ἠέλιον δῦναι 2.413; οἷς μὴ πελάζειν 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 712.)]
A.8 frequently without a Verb, εἰ χρή, θανοῦμαι. Answ. μὴ σύ γε (i.e. θάνῃς) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1441)]; ἄπελθε νῦν. Answ. μὴ (i.e. γενέσθω) ἀλλά nay but, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 458)]; in curt expressions, μὴ τριβὰς ἔτι (i.e. ποιεῖσθε) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 577)]; μή μοι σύ none of that to me! [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 964)]; μή μοι πρόφασιν no excuses! [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 345; μή μοί γε μύθους [prev. author] “V.” 1179.)]
B in DEPENDENT clauses:
B.1 with Final Conjs., ἵνα μή [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.348, etc.; ὅπως μή 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 27.5, +others; ὡς μή 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.37, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 53, +others; ὄφρα μή 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.118, +others: with ὅπως ἄν and ὡς ἄν)], that so, ὅπως ἂν.. μηδέ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 178, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 481a; ὡς ἂν μή 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.749, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.5)]; but
B.1.b μή alone, ={ἵνα μή}, lest, ἀπόστιχε μή τινοήσῃ Ἥρη [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.522, compare 587; λίσσεσθαι.., μή οἱ.. χολώσαιτο φρένα κούρη 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.147)]: future indicative and aorist subjunctive in consecutive clauses, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 495 (Lyric poetry, uncertain reading).)]
B.2 in the protasis of conditional sentences, see at {εἰ} (for the exceptions see at {οὐ}), and with temporal conjunctions used conditionally, see at {ἐπειδάν, ὅταν, ὅτε}, etc.
B.2.b ὅτι μή except, ὅτι μὴ Χῖοι μοῦνοι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.18, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.26; ὅτι μὴ πᾶσα ἀνάγκη 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 67a; ὅσον μή [prev. work] 83a)]; ὅσα μὴ ἀποβαίνοντες provided only that they did not disembark, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.16.)]
B.3 in later Gr., with causal Conjs., ὁ μὴ πιστεύων ἤδη κέκριται, ὅτι μὴ πεπίστευκεν [NT+2nd c.AD+ (NT.John.3.18, compare 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “DMort.” 21.2, “D Deor.” 2.1; ἐπεὶ μή [prev. author] “Hist.Conscr.” 3, etc.: also after ὅτι and ὡς)] that, ὅτι μὴ ἐστὶν ἐπίπεδος οὕτως ἂν καταμάθοιμεν [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Cleomedes Astronomus 1.8, compare 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Hist.Conscr.” 29, “DDeor.” 20.10.)]
B.4 in relative clauses, which imply a condition or generality, ὃς δὲ μὴ εἶδέ κω τὴν κανναβίδα whoever.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.74)]; ὃ μὴ κελεύσει (perhaps κελεύσαι) Ζεύς such a thing as.., [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 618, compare 661, 899)]; λέγονθ᾽ ἃ μὴ δεῖ such things as one ought not, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 583; λόγοις τοιούτοις οἷς σὺ μὴ τέρψῃ κλύων [prev. author] “Ant.” 691; ὅπου μὴ ἠθέλησεν 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 1.7)]: frequently with subjunctive, ᾧ μὴ ἄλλοι ἀοσσητῆρες ἔωσιν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.165, +others: with ἄν, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 281: with _optative_, ἃ μὴ σαφῶς εἰδείη 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.6.19, etc.: less frequently with _optative_ and ἄν, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Philebus” 20a, “Lg.” 839a; γένοιτο δ᾽ ἂν ἐν ᾗ μή τι ἂν προσδοκήσειεν χώρᾳ [prev. work] 872d.)]
B.5 with infinitive,
B.5.a regularlyfrom Homer on, except after Verbs of saying and thinking (but see below c): after ὥστε or ὡς, ὥστε μὴ φρονεῖν [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 725 (troch.), etc. (for exceptions see at {οὐ}))]: always when the infinitive takes the Article, τὸ μὴ προμαθεῖν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 8.60; τὸ μὴ ἀμελεῖν μάθε 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 86, compare 749, “Pr.” 624; λείπομαι ἐν τῷ μὴ δύνασθαι 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 496.)]
B.5.b by an apparent pleonasm after Verbs of negative result signifying to forbid, deny, and the like, ὁ δ᾽ ἀναίνετο μηδὲν ἑλέσθαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.500 (without μή [prev. work] 450); ἀντιδικεῖν 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 6.12)] (μηδέν); ἀντιλέγειν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.49, 4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 4.15)] (μηδέ); ἀπαγορεύειν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.34, 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 4.9; ἀπειπεῖν 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 557, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 33.19, etc.; ἀπαυδᾶν 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 1072; ἀπείργειν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Helena” 1559, +others (without μή 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 70); ἀπιστεῖν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.40; ἀπεγνωκέναι 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 1.34; ἀποστερεῖσθαι 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 2.4.1)] (μηδέ); ἀποτρέπεσθαι [Refs ([prev. author] 5.32)] (μηδέν); ἀρνεῖσθαι, ἔξαρνος εἶναι, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 572, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.67; ἐναντιωθῆναι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 32b; σχεῖν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.158)]; παύειν (where the participle is more frequently) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 634; κωλῦσαι 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 1269; ἐπάρατον ἦν μὴ οἰκεῖν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.17)]: in these cases the Article frequently precedes μή, τὸ δὲ μὴ λεηλατῆσαι.. ἔσχε τόδε [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.101)]; ἐξομῇ τὸ μὴ εἰδένα; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 535)]; εἴργειν τὸ μή.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.1, etc.; also ἀπέφυγε τὰ σφῷν τὸ μὴ πίτνειν κακῶς 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1740 (Lyric poetry): with _Article_ in _genitive_, ἔχειν τοῦ μή.. 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 3.5.71)]; ἐμποδὼν γίγνεσθαι τοῦ μή.. [Refs ([prev. author] “Cyr.” 2.4.23.)]
B.5.c after Verbs of saying and thinking which involve an action of will, as in those signifying to swear, aver, believe, and the like; so after ὄμνυμι, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.133, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.179, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.165, 2.179, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 1047, etc.; μαρτυρῶ 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 7.11, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 45.15, etc.; ὁμολογῶ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 336b, “Smp.” 202b, compare “Phd.” 93d, etc.; ἐγγυῶμαι 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 11(10).18, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 336d; πέπεισμαι [prev. author] “Ap.” 37a, etc.; πιστεύω 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 1.2, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.9.8, etc.)]: occasionally with other Verbs, φημί [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Mem.” 1.2.39, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 155a)]; λέγω, προλέγω, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.49, 1.139)]; πάντες ἐροῦσι μή.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.1.18)]; νομίζω[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 7.5.59, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.102; ἡγοῦμαι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 27d)]: very frequently in later Gr., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (NT.Matt.2.12, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Peregr.” 44, etc.)]
B.6 with the participle, when it can be resolved into a conditional clause, μὴ ἐνείκας, = {εἰ μὴ ἤνεικε}, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.64)]; μὴ θέλων, ={εἰ μὴ θέλεις}, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 504)]; μὴ δολώσαντος θεοῦ, ={εἰ μὴ ἐδόλωσε}, [Refs ([prev. author] “Ag.” 273)]; μὴ δρῶν, ={εἰ μὴ δρῴην}, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 77, etc.: in a general or characteristic sense, δίδασκέ με ὡς μὴ εἰδότα)], = ut qui nihil sciam, [Refs ([prev. author] “OC” 1155, compare “Ant.” 1063, 1064)]; τίς πρὸς ἀνδρὸς μὴ βλέποντος ἄρκεσι; one who sees not, [Refs ([prev. author] “OC” 73)]: in this signification frequently with the Article, ὁ μὴ λεύσσων [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Tr.” 828 (Lyric poetry); ὁ μὴ δουλεύσας 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 762e; τῷ μὴ εἰργασμένῳ 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.65; τὸν.. μὴ φροντίσαντα 4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 27, compare 45, etc.)]: with causal significance, μὴ παρὼν θαυμάζεται [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 289, etc.; ἄθλια πάσχω μὴ.. μόνον βιαζόμενος 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 2.2.4; ἑτέρας μηδεμιᾶς ὁμολογουμένης εἶναι 4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 5.16; μηδενὸς ἐμποδὼν ὄντος 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 3.8)]: very frequently in later Greek, [Refs 1st c.AD+ (“POxy.” 38.16 (1st c.AD), 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “DMeretr.” 12.4, etc.)]: occasionally after Verbs of knowing and showing, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 79, “OC” 656, 797, 1122, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Troades” 970, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.76, 2.17.)]
B.7 with Substantives, adjectives, and adverbs used generically, with or without Article, τὰ μὴ δίκαια [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 432; δίκαια καὶ μὴ δίκαια [prev. author] “Ch.” 78 (Lyric poetry); τὸ μὴ 'νδικον 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 682 (Lyric poetry); τὸ μὴ καλόν [prev. author] “Ant.” 370 (Lyric poetry))]; ἡ μὴ 'μπειρία, ={τὸ μὴ ἔχειν ἐμπειρίαν}, want of experience, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 115; ἡ μὴ ἐπιτροπή 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 966c)]; δῆμον καὶ μὴ δῆμον[Refs 4th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 759b; ὁ μὴ ἰατρός [prev. author] “Grg.” 459b; νίκης μὴ κακῆς 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 903, compare “Th.” 411; τῷ φρονοῦντι μὴ καλῶς [prev. author] “Pr.” 1012, compare “Ag.” 349, 927.)]
B.8 after Verbs expressing fear or apprehension (compare μὴ οὐ):
B.8.a when the thing feared is future, mostly with subjunctive: with present subjunctive, δεινῶς ἀθυμῶ μὴ βλέπων ὁ μάντις ᾖ shall proveto be.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 747, compare “Ant.” 1113; ὅρα μὴ κυβεύῃς 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 314a)]: more frequently with aorist, δείδοικα.. μή σε παρείπῃ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.555, compare 9.244, 13.745)]: with perfect, shall prove to have been, δέδοικα μὴ περαιτέρω πεπραγμέν᾽ ᾖ μοι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 663, compare “Ph.” 494, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.119, 4.140, etc.)]: less frequently with future indicative, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 2.3.6, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 488, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Philebus” 13a)]: with optative according to the sequence of moods and tenses: present optative, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 482, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.10.9)]: aorist, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.634, etc.)]: perfect, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.3.10)]: with future optative in oratio obliqua, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “HG” 6.4.27, “Mem.” 1.2.7, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthyphro” 15d: with _optative_ and ἄν, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 631, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus)]vect.4.41.
B.8.b when the action is present or past, the indicative is used, εἰσόρα μὴ σκῆψιν οὐκ οὖσαν τίθης [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 584, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 1523, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 493, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Laches” 196c; ὅρα μὴ παίζων ἔλεγεν [prev. author] “Tht.” 145b, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Helena” 119; φοβούμεθα μὴ ἀμφοτέρων ἡμαρτήκαμεν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.53, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 209, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Lysis” 218d; δείδω μὴ δὴ πάντα θεὰ νημερτέα εἶπεν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.300.)]
B.8.c with indicative and subjunctive in consecutive clauses, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 93.)]
C in QUESTIONS:
C.I direct questions,
C.I.1 with indicative, where aneg. answer is anticipated (but more generally in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 683 (Lyric poetry), 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1502, “Tr.” 316, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 488b), in 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus only ἦ μή..; 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.200, 9.405)]; μή σοι δοκοῦμεν..; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 344, compare “Pr.” 249, 959, etc.: in Trag. and _Attic dialect_ frequently ἆρα μ; [prev. author] “Th.” 208, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 446, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 405a: for questions in which μή)] (μηδέ) follows οὐ, see at {οὐ μή}.
C.I.1.b in other questions, τί μὴ ποιήσ; what am I not to do? [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 1276 (Lyric poetry))]; τί μ; why not? [Refs ([prev. author] “Aj.” 668 (assuming variant))]; compare μήν
C.I.2 with subjunctive, when the speaker deliberates about a negative action, μὴ οὕτω φῶμε; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 335c, compare 337b, 417b)]; ὁ τοιοῦτος μὴ δῷ δίκη; [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.35)]; πῶς μὴ φῶμε; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 161e: with _optative_ and ἄν, πῶς ἄν τις μὴ θυμῷ λέγοι)]; how can a man help being excited when he speaks? [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Lg.” 887c, compare “Grg.” 510d, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 3.1.10.)]
C.II indirect questions, frequently with Verbs implying fear and apprehension [Refs 8th c.BC+ (compare (5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 8), ὄφρα ἴδωμεν μὴ τοὶ κοιμήσωνται 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.98, compare 101, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.395; περισκοπῶ μή πού τις.. ἐγχρίμπτει 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 898, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.13, etc.)]; also σκοπεῖσθαι πῶς ἂν μή.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 5.8, compare 15.6)]; later in simple indirect questions, ἐπυνθάνετο μὴ ἔγνω [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD(?): Antoninus Liberalis Mythographus 23.5.)]
C.II.2 in questions introduced by εἰ, ἤρετό με.. εἰ μὴ μέμνημαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 2.36 (εἰ οὐκ in same sense, 1.84): in the second part of a disjunctive question, εἰ.. ἢ (or εἴτε) μή.., εἴτε.. εἴτε μή.., 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 468, 612, 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 1.7, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 18a, “R.” 457d, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 2.1.7)]; εἴτε.. εἴτε μή.., εἰ.. ἢ οὔ, εἰ.. ἢ μή without difference of meaning between μή and οὐ, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 8.9; so also, τοὺς νόμους καταμανθάνειν εἰ καλῶς κεῖνται ἢ μή,.. τοὺς λόγους, εἰ ὀρθῶς διδάσκουσι τὸ πρᾶγμα ἢ οὔ 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.14.)]
D POSITION of μή. When the negative extends its power over the whole clause, μή properly precedes the Verb. When its force is limited to single words, it precedes those words. But Poets sometimes put μή after the Verb, ὄλοιο μή πω [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 961)]; φράσῃς.. μὴ πέρα[Refs ([prev. work] 332, compare “OC” 1522.)]
D.2 μή is sometimes repeated, μή, μή καλέσῃς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 1418, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 190, “OC” 210 (both Lyric poetry).)]
E PROSODY: in Trag. μή may be joined by synizesis with a following ει or ου, μὴ οὐ, μὴ εἰδέναι, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 13, 221, “Tr.” 321, etc.)]: initial ε after μή is cut off by aphaeresis, μὴ 'πὁθουν [Refs ([prev. author] “Aj.” 962; μὴ 'μβαίνῃς [prev. author] “OC” 400; μὴ 'γώ [prev. author] “Ph.” 910: in Prose, μὴ 'κ “IG” 12.115.11: μή)] followed by α is sometimes written μἀ.. (see. μὴ ἀλλά, etc.); sometimes separately, μὴ ἀδικεῖν [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 85, etc.)]
F μή in COMPOSITION (joined with other words), as μὴ ἀλλά, μὴ γάρ, μὴ οὐ, μὴ ὅπως or ὅτι, μή ποτε, etc., will be found in alphabetical order.
Elean μά [ᾱ] [Refs 6th c.BC+ (“SIG” 9.5 (Olympia, 6th c.BC))]. (Cf. Sanskrit mā´, Armenian mi [from I.-[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus)] mē´], negative used in prohibitions):—not, the negative of the will and thought, as οὐ of fact and statement; μή rejects, οὐ denies; μή is relative, οὐ absolute; μή subjective, οὐ objective. (A few examples of μηδέ and μηδείς have been included.)
A in INDEPENDENT sentences, used in expressions of will or wish, command, entreaty, warning,
A.1 with present imperative, 2 person, μή μ᾽ ἐρέθιζε [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.32, +others; 3 _person_, μή μευ πειράτω 9.345, etc.)]: rarely with aorist imperative, μὴ.. ἔνθεο τιμῇ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (4.410, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 24.248)]; in Attic dialect, μὴ ψεῦσον, ὦ Ζεῦ, τῆς.. ἐλπίδος [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Thesmophoriazusae” 870; 3 _person_, μή τις ἀκουσάτω 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 16.301, compare 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 8.55, “P.” 5.23, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 1041, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1180; μηδεὶς νομισάτω, προσδοκησάτω 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.5.73, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 17c: with)]perfect imperative [Refs 8th c.BC+ (3 _person_, μή τις ὀπίσσω τετράφθω 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 12.272; or 2)] person when perfect = present, μὴ κεκράγετε [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 415.)]
A.2 with subjunctive (usually [Refs (2 _person_ of _aorist_))], in prohibitions, μὴ δή με.. ἐάσῃς [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.684, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 583 (Lyric poetry), +others)]; μή τοί με κρύψῃς τοῦτο[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 625, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 470; μὴ φθονήσῃς 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 320c)]: coupled with present imperative, μὴ βοηθήσητε τῷ πεπονθότι δεινά, μὴ εὐορκεῖτε [Refs 8th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.211; 3 _person_, μὴ.. γένηται 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.37, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 22.213; μὴ ματεύσῃ θεὸς γενέσθαι 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 5.24: rarely, if ever, with 2)] person present subjunctive, μὴ κάμνῃς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 1143 (to be read κάμῃς); 3 _person_, μή τις οἴηται, ={μὴ οἰώμεθα}, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 861e)]: also with the hortative subjunctive used to supply the [Refs (1)] person of the imperative, present μὴ ἴομεν [Refs 8th c.BC+ ((ἴωμεν) 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 12.216, etc.; μὴ διώκωμεν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.109, etc.)]: aorist μὴ πάθωμεν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.5.11, etc.)]: rarely with 1st pers. singular, μή σε.. κιχείω [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.26, compare 21.475, 22.123, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 174)] (anapaest meter).
A.2.b with present or aorist subjunctive in a warning or statement of fear, μὴ.. γένησθε take care you do not become, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.487)]; μὴ.. ὑφαίνῃσιν I fear.. may prove to be weaving, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.356; αἷμα μὴ σοῖς ἐξομόρξωμαι πέπλοις 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 1399)]: in Attic dialect Prose, to make a polite suggestion of apprehension or hesitation, perhaps, μὴ ἀγροικότερον ᾖ τὸ ἀληθὲς εἰπεῖν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 462e, compare “Tht.” 188d, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1291a8, +others)]: in later Greek the indicative is found, μὴ ἡ ἔννοια ἡμῶν.. ἀντιλαμβάνεται [Refs 5th c.AD+ (5th-6th c.AD: Damascius Philosophus “de Principiis” 27.)]
A.3 with future indicative, a uncertain usage (νεμεσήσετ᾽ is subjunctive in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.115), μηδεμίαν ἄδειαν δώσετε 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 29.13)]; μὴ βουλήσεσθε (Papyrus βούλη[σθ]ε) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 23.117; compare μαλακὸν ἐνδώσετε μηδέν 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 488.)]
A.4 with past tenses of indicative to express an unfulfilled wish, μὴ ὄφελες λίσσεσθαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.698, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.548; μή ποτ᾽ ὤφελον λιπεῖν τὴν Σκῦρον 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 969; εἴθε μή ποτ᾽ εἰδόμαν [prev. author] “OT” 1217 (Lyric poetry), compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 70, “Cyc.” 186, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 4.6.3.)]
A.5 with optative to express a negative wish, with present, ἃ μὴ κραίνοι τύχη [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 426, compare “Eu.” 938 (Lyric poetry))]: more frequently with aorist, μὴ σέ γ᾽ ἐν ἀμφιάλῳ Ἰθάκῃ βασιλῆα Κρονίων ποιήσειεν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.386, compare 403, 11.613.)]
A.6 in oaths and asseverations, ἴστω Ζεὺς.., μὴ μὲν τοῖς ἵπποισιν ἀνὴρ ἐποχήσεται ἄλλος [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.330; ἴστω νῦν τόδε Γαῖα.., μὴ.. Ποσειδάων.. πημαίνει Τρῶας 15.41; μὰ τὴν Ἀφροδίτην.., μὴ ἐγώ σ᾽ ἀφήσω 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 1000, compare “Av.” 195, “Lys.” 917.)]
A.7 with infinitive, when used as imperative, μὴ δή μοι ἀπόπροθεν ἰσχέμεν ἵππους [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.501; μὴ πρὶν ἐπ᾽ ἠέλιον δῦναι 2.413; οἷς μὴ πελάζειν 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 712.)]
A.8 frequently without a Verb, εἰ χρή, θανοῦμαι. Answ. μὴ σύ γε (i.e. θάνῃς) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1441)]; ἄπελθε νῦν. Answ. μὴ (i.e. γενέσθω) ἀλλά nay but, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 458)]; in curt expressions, μὴ τριβὰς ἔτι (i.e. ποιεῖσθε) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 577)]; μή μοι σύ none of that to me! [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 964)]; μή μοι πρόφασιν no excuses! [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 345; μή μοί γε μύθους [prev. author] “V.” 1179.)]
B in DEPENDENT clauses:
B.1 with Final Conjs., ἵνα μή [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.348, etc.; ὅπως μή 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 27.5, +others; ὡς μή 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.37, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 53, +others; ὄφρα μή 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.118, +others: with ὅπως ἄν and ὡς ἄν)], that so, ὅπως ἂν.. μηδέ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 178, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 481a; ὡς ἂν μή 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.749, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.5)]; but
B.1.b μή alone, ={ἵνα μή}, lest, ἀπόστιχε μή τινοήσῃ Ἥρη [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.522, compare 587; λίσσεσθαι.., μή οἱ.. χολώσαιτο φρένα κούρη 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.147)]: future indicative and aorist subjunctive in consecutive clauses, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 495 (Lyric poetry, uncertain reading).)]
B.2 in the protasis of conditional sentences, see at {εἰ} (for the exceptions see at {οὐ}), and with temporal conjunctions used conditionally, see at {ἐπειδάν, ὅταν, ὅτε}, etc.
B.2.b ὅτι μή except, ὅτι μὴ Χῖοι μοῦνοι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.18, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.26; ὅτι μὴ πᾶσα ἀνάγκη 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 67a; ὅσον μή [prev. work] 83a)]; ὅσα μὴ ἀποβαίνοντες provided only that they did not disembark, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.16.)]
B.3 in later Gr., with causal Conjs., ὁ μὴ πιστεύων ἤδη κέκριται, ὅτι μὴ πεπίστευκεν [NT+2nd c.AD+ (NT.John.3.18, compare 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “DMort.” 21.2, “D Deor.” 2.1; ἐπεὶ μή [prev. author] “Hist.Conscr.” 3, etc.: also after ὅτι and ὡς)] that, ὅτι μὴ ἐστὶν ἐπίπεδος οὕτως ἂν καταμάθοιμεν [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Cleomedes Astronomus 1.8, compare 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Hist.Conscr.” 29, “DDeor.” 20.10.)]
B.4 in relative clauses, which imply a condition or generality, ὃς δὲ μὴ εἶδέ κω τὴν κανναβίδα whoever.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.74)]; ὃ μὴ κελεύσει (perhaps κελεύσαι) Ζεύς such a thing as.., [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 618, compare 661, 899)]; λέγονθ᾽ ἃ μὴ δεῖ such things as one ought not, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 583; λόγοις τοιούτοις οἷς σὺ μὴ τέρψῃ κλύων [prev. author] “Ant.” 691; ὅπου μὴ ἠθέλησεν 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 1.7)]: frequently with subjunctive, ᾧ μὴ ἄλλοι ἀοσσητῆρες ἔωσιν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.165, +others: with ἄν, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 281: with _optative_, ἃ μὴ σαφῶς εἰδείη 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.6.19, etc.: less frequently with _optative_ and ἄν, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Philebus” 20a, “Lg.” 839a; γένοιτο δ᾽ ἂν ἐν ᾗ μή τι ἂν προσδοκήσειεν χώρᾳ [prev. work] 872d.)]
B.5 with infinitive,
B.5.a regularlyfrom Homer on, except after Verbs of saying and thinking (but see below c): after ὥστε or ὡς, ὥστε μὴ φρονεῖν [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 725 (troch.), etc. (for exceptions see at {οὐ}))]: always when the infinitive takes the Article, τὸ μὴ προμαθεῖν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 8.60; τὸ μὴ ἀμελεῖν μάθε 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 86, compare 749, “Pr.” 624; λείπομαι ἐν τῷ μὴ δύνασθαι 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 496.)]
B.5.b by an apparent pleonasm after Verbs of negative result signifying to forbid, deny, and the like, ὁ δ᾽ ἀναίνετο μηδὲν ἑλέσθαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.500 (without μή [prev. work] 450); ἀντιδικεῖν 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 6.12)] (μηδέν); ἀντιλέγειν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.49, 4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 4.15)] (μηδέ); ἀπαγορεύειν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.34, 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 4.9; ἀπειπεῖν 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 557, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 33.19, etc.; ἀπαυδᾶν 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 1072; ἀπείργειν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Helena” 1559, +others (without μή 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 70); ἀπιστεῖν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.40; ἀπεγνωκέναι 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 1.34; ἀποστερεῖσθαι 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 2.4.1)] (μηδέ); ἀποτρέπεσθαι [Refs ([prev. author] 5.32)] (μηδέν); ἀρνεῖσθαι, ἔξαρνος εἶναι, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 572, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.67; ἐναντιωθῆναι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 32b; σχεῖν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.158)]; παύειν (where the participle is more frequently) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 634; κωλῦσαι 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 1269; ἐπάρατον ἦν μὴ οἰκεῖν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.17)]: in these cases the Article frequently precedes μή, τὸ δὲ μὴ λεηλατῆσαι.. ἔσχε τόδε [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.101)]; ἐξομῇ τὸ μὴ εἰδένα; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 535)]; εἴργειν τὸ μή.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.1, etc.; also ἀπέφυγε τὰ σφῷν τὸ μὴ πίτνειν κακῶς 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1740 (Lyric poetry): with _Article_ in _genitive_, ἔχειν τοῦ μή.. 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 3.5.71)]; ἐμποδὼν γίγνεσθαι τοῦ μή.. [Refs ([prev. author] “Cyr.” 2.4.23.)]
B.5.c after Verbs of saying and thinking which involve an action of will, as in those signifying to swear, aver, believe, and the like; so after ὄμνυμι, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.133, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.179, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.165, 2.179, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 1047, etc.; μαρτυρῶ 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 7.11, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 45.15, etc.; ὁμολογῶ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 336b, “Smp.” 202b, compare “Phd.” 93d, etc.; ἐγγυῶμαι 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 11(10).18, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 336d; πέπεισμαι [prev. author] “Ap.” 37a, etc.; πιστεύω 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 1.2, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.9.8, etc.)]: occasionally with other Verbs, φημί [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Mem.” 1.2.39, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 155a)]; λέγω, προλέγω, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.49, 1.139)]; πάντες ἐροῦσι μή.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.1.18)]; νομίζω[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 7.5.59, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.102; ἡγοῦμαι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 27d)]: very frequently in later Gr., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (NT.Matt.2.12, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Peregr.” 44, etc.)]
B.6 with the participle, when it can be resolved into a conditional clause, μὴ ἐνείκας, = {εἰ μὴ ἤνεικε}, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.64)]; μὴ θέλων, ={εἰ μὴ θέλεις}, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 504)]; μὴ δολώσαντος θεοῦ, ={εἰ μὴ ἐδόλωσε}, [Refs ([prev. author] “Ag.” 273)]; μὴ δρῶν, ={εἰ μὴ δρῴην}, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 77, etc.: in a general or characteristic sense, δίδασκέ με ὡς μὴ εἰδότα)], = ut qui nihil sciam, [Refs ([prev. author] “OC” 1155, compare “Ant.” 1063, 1064)]; τίς πρὸς ἀνδρὸς μὴ βλέποντος ἄρκεσι; one who sees not, [Refs ([prev. author] “OC” 73)]: in this signification frequently with the Article, ὁ μὴ λεύσσων [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Tr.” 828 (Lyric poetry); ὁ μὴ δουλεύσας 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 762e; τῷ μὴ εἰργασμένῳ 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.65; τὸν.. μὴ φροντίσαντα 4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 27, compare 45, etc.)]: with causal significance, μὴ παρὼν θαυμάζεται [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 289, etc.; ἄθλια πάσχω μὴ.. μόνον βιαζόμενος 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 2.2.4; ἑτέρας μηδεμιᾶς ὁμολογουμένης εἶναι 4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 5.16; μηδενὸς ἐμποδὼν ὄντος 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 3.8)]: very frequently in later Greek, [Refs 1st c.AD+ (“POxy.” 38.16 (1st c.AD), 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “DMeretr.” 12.4, etc.)]: occasionally after Verbs of knowing and showing, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 79, “OC” 656, 797, 1122, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Troades” 970, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.76, 2.17.)]
B.7 with Substantives, adjectives, and adverbs used generically, with or without Article, τὰ μὴ δίκαια [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 432; δίκαια καὶ μὴ δίκαια [prev. author] “Ch.” 78 (Lyric poetry); τὸ μὴ 'νδικον 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 682 (Lyric poetry); τὸ μὴ καλόν [prev. author] “Ant.” 370 (Lyric poetry))]; ἡ μὴ 'μπειρία, ={τὸ μὴ ἔχειν ἐμπειρίαν}, want of experience, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 115; ἡ μὴ ἐπιτροπή 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 966c)]; δῆμον καὶ μὴ δῆμον[Refs 4th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 759b; ὁ μὴ ἰατρός [prev. author] “Grg.” 459b; νίκης μὴ κακῆς 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 903, compare “Th.” 411; τῷ φρονοῦντι μὴ καλῶς [prev. author] “Pr.” 1012, compare “Ag.” 349, 927.)]
B.8 after Verbs expressing fear or apprehension (compare μὴ οὐ):
B.8.a when the thing feared is future, mostly with subjunctive: with present subjunctive, δεινῶς ἀθυμῶ μὴ βλέπων ὁ μάντις ᾖ shall proveto be.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 747, compare “Ant.” 1113; ὅρα μὴ κυβεύῃς 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 314a)]: more frequently with aorist, δείδοικα.. μή σε παρείπῃ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.555, compare 9.244, 13.745)]: with perfect, shall prove to have been, δέδοικα μὴ περαιτέρω πεπραγμέν᾽ ᾖ μοι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 663, compare “Ph.” 494, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.119, 4.140, etc.)]: less frequently with future indicative, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 2.3.6, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 488, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Philebus” 13a)]: with optative according to the sequence of moods and tenses: present optative, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 482, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.10.9)]: aorist, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.634, etc.)]: perfect, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.3.10)]: with future optative in oratio obliqua, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “HG” 6.4.27, “Mem.” 1.2.7, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthyphro” 15d: with _optative_ and ἄν, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 631, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus)]vect.4.41.
B.8.b when the action is present or past, the indicative is used, εἰσόρα μὴ σκῆψιν οὐκ οὖσαν τίθης [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 584, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 1523, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 493, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Laches” 196c; ὅρα μὴ παίζων ἔλεγεν [prev. author] “Tht.” 145b, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Helena” 119; φοβούμεθα μὴ ἀμφοτέρων ἡμαρτήκαμεν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.53, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 209, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Lysis” 218d; δείδω μὴ δὴ πάντα θεὰ νημερτέα εἶπεν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.300.)]
B.8.c with indicative and subjunctive in consecutive clauses, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 93.)]
C in QUESTIONS:
C.I direct questions,
C.I.1 with indicative, where aneg. answer is anticipated (but more generally in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 683 (Lyric poetry), 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1502, “Tr.” 316, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 488b), in 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus only ἦ μή..; 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.200, 9.405)]; μή σοι δοκοῦμεν..; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 344, compare “Pr.” 249, 959, etc.: in Trag. and _Attic dialect_ frequently ἆρα μ; [prev. author] “Th.” 208, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 446, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 405a: for questions in which μή)] (μηδέ) follows οὐ, see at {οὐ μή}.
C.I.1.b in other questions, τί μὴ ποιήσ; what am I not to do? [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 1276 (Lyric poetry))]; τί μ; why not? [Refs ([prev. author] “Aj.” 668 (assuming variant))]; compare μήν
C.I.2 with subjunctive, when the speaker deliberates about a negative action, μὴ οὕτω φῶμε; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 335c, compare 337b, 417b)]; ὁ τοιοῦτος μὴ δῷ δίκη; [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.35)]; πῶς μὴ φῶμε; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 161e: with _optative_ and ἄν, πῶς ἄν τις μὴ θυμῷ λέγοι)]; how can a man help being excited when he speaks? [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Lg.” 887c, compare “Grg.” 510d, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 3.1.10.)]
C.II indirect questions, frequently with Verbs implying fear and apprehension [Refs 8th c.BC+ (compare (5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 8), ὄφρα ἴδωμεν μὴ τοὶ κοιμήσωνται 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.98, compare 101, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.395; περισκοπῶ μή πού τις.. ἐγχρίμπτει 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 898, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.13, etc.)]; also σκοπεῖσθαι πῶς ἂν μή.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 5.8, compare 15.6)]; later in simple indirect questions, ἐπυνθάνετο μὴ ἔγνω [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD(?): Antoninus Liberalis Mythographus 23.5.)]
C.II.2 in questions introduced by εἰ, ἤρετό με.. εἰ μὴ μέμνημαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 2.36 (εἰ οὐκ in same sense, 1.84): in the second part of a disjunctive question, εἰ.. ἢ (or εἴτε) μή.., εἴτε.. εἴτε μή.., 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 468, 612, 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 1.7, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 18a, “R.” 457d, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 2.1.7)]; εἴτε.. εἴτε μή.., εἰ.. ἢ οὔ, εἰ.. ἢ μή without difference of meaning between μή and οὐ, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 8.9; so also, τοὺς νόμους καταμανθάνειν εἰ καλῶς κεῖνται ἢ μή,.. τοὺς λόγους, εἰ ὀρθῶς διδάσκουσι τὸ πρᾶγμα ἢ οὔ 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.14.)]
D POSITION of μή. When the negative extends its power over the whole clause, μή properly precedes the Verb. When its force is limited to single words, it precedes those words. But Poets sometimes put μή after the Verb, ὄλοιο μή πω [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 961)]; φράσῃς.. μὴ πέρα[Refs ([prev. work] 332, compare “OC” 1522.)]
D.2 μή is sometimes repeated, μή, μή καλέσῃς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 1418, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 190, “OC” 210 (both Lyric poetry).)]
E PROSODY: in Trag. μή may be joined by synizesis with a following ει or ου, μὴ οὐ, μὴ εἰδέναι, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 13, 221, “Tr.” 321, etc.)]: initial ε after μή is cut off by aphaeresis, μὴ 'πὁθουν [Refs ([prev. author] “Aj.” 962; μὴ 'μβαίνῃς [prev. author] “OC” 400; μὴ 'γώ [prev. author] “Ph.” 910: in Prose, μὴ 'κ “IG” 12.115.11: μή)] followed by α is sometimes written μἀ.. (see. μὴ ἀλλά, etc.); sometimes separately, μὴ ἀδικεῖν [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 85, etc.)]
F μή in COMPOSITION (joined with other words), as μὴ ἀλλά, μὴ γάρ, μὴ οὐ, μὴ ὅπως or ὅτι, μή ποτε, etc., will be found in alphabetical order.