Strong G4862σύν
with
- Transliteration
- sun
- Pronunciation
- soon
- Morphology
- Greek Preposition
Definition
Detailed definition
σύν (old Att. ξύν),
prep. with dative,
expressing association, fellowship and inclusion. It gradually gave way to μετά, with genitive (cf. LS, see word; Bl., §41, 3), and is therefore comparatively infrequent in NT, being rare in Mat.4, Mrk.6, Jhn.3, and elsewhere (exx. Jas.1:11, 2Pe.1:18) only in Lk (Gosp. and Ac) and Paul. With, together with: of companionship and association, Luk.2:13, Jhn.21:3, Act.10:23, al.; εἶναι σύν τινι, Luk.7:12, Act.4:13, Php.1:23, al.; of partisanship, Act.4:13; οἱ σύν τινι, of attendants, companions or colleagues, Mrk.2:26, Luk.5:9, Act.5:17, al.; of assistance, ἡ χάρις τ. θεοῦ σὺν ἐμοί, 1Co.15:10; of two or more things together, almost = καί, Luk.23:11, Act.3:4 10:2 14:5 23:25, Eph.3:18; σὺν Χριστῷ ζῆν, 2Co.13:4; besides (FlJ, LXX), σὺν πᾶσι τούτοις, Luk.24:21. In composition: with (συνχαίρω), together (συνωδίνω), altogether (συντελέω)
(AS)
prep. with dative,
expressing association, fellowship and inclusion. It gradually gave way to μετά, with genitive (cf. LS, see word; Bl., §41, 3), and is therefore comparatively infrequent in NT, being rare in Mat.4, Mrk.6, Jhn.3, and elsewhere (exx. Jas.1:11, 2Pe.1:18) only in Lk (Gosp. and Ac) and Paul. With, together with: of companionship and association, Luk.2:13, Jhn.21:3, Act.10:23, al.; εἶναι σύν τινι, Luk.7:12, Act.4:13, Php.1:23, al.; of partisanship, Act.4:13; οἱ σύν τινι, of attendants, companions or colleagues, Mrk.2:26, Luk.5:9, Act.5:17, al.; of assistance, ἡ χάρις τ. θεοῦ σὺν ἐμοί, 1Co.15:10; of two or more things together, almost = καί, Luk.23:11, Act.3:4 10:2 14:5 23:25, Eph.3:18; σὺν Χριστῷ ζῆν, 2Co.13:4; besides (FlJ, LXX), σὺν πᾶσι τούτοις, Luk.24:21. In composition: with (συνχαίρω), together (συνωδίνω), altogether (συντελέω)
(AS)
In the Bible
Strong G4862 appears in 121 verses of the KJV.
Translated in the KJV by
- with115
- be4
- also1
- beside1
- part1
First verses
- Matthew 25:27Thou oughtest therefore to have put my money to the exchangers, and then at my coming I should have received mine own with usury.
- Matthew 26:35Peter said unto him, Though I should die with thee, yet will I not deny thee. Likewise also said all the disciples.
- Matthew 27:38Then were there two thieves crucified with him, one on the right hand, and another on the left.
- Mark 2:26How he went into the house of God in the days of Abiathar the high priest, and did eat the shewbread, which is not lawful to eat but for the priests, and gave also to them which were with him?
- Mark 4:10And when he was alone, they that were about him with the twelve asked of him the parable.
- Mark 8:34And when he had called the people unto him with his disciples also, he said unto them, Whosoever will come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross, and follow me.
- Mark 9:4And there appeared unto them Elias with Moses: and they were talking with Jesus.
- Mark 15:27And with him they crucify two thieves; the one on his right hand, and the other on his left.
- Luke 1:56And Mary abode with her about three months, and returned to her own house.
- Luke 2:5To be taxed with Mary his espoused wife, being great with child.
- Luke 2:13And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly host praising God, and saying,
- Luke 5:9For he was astonished, and all that were with him, at the draught of the fishes which they had taken:
- Luke 5:19And when they could not find by what way they might bring him in because of the multitude, they went upon the housetop, and let him down through the tiling with his couch into the midst before Jesus.
- Luke 7:6Then Jesus went with them. And when he was now not far from the house, the centurion sent friends to him, saying unto him, Lord, trouble not thyself: for I am not worthy that thou shouldest enter under my roof:
- Luke 7:12Now when he came nigh to the gate of the city, behold, there was a dead man carried out, the only son of his mother, and she was a widow: and much people of the city was with her.
- Luke 8:1And it came to pass afterward, that he went throughout every city and village, preaching and shewing the glad tidings of the kingdom of God: and the twelve were with him,
- Luke 8:38Now the man out of whom the devils were departed besought him that he might be with him: but Jesus sent him away, saying,
- Luke 9:32But Peter and they that were with him were heavy with sleep: and when they were awake, they saw his glory, and the two men that stood with him.
- Luke 19:23Wherefore then gavest not thou my money into the bank, that at my coming I might have required mine own with usury?
- Luke 20:1And it came to pass, that on one of those days, as he taught the people in the temple, and preached the gospel, the chief priests and the scribes came upon him with the elders,
Occurrences by book
Related words
Word family
- συνήθειαcustomG4914
- συνδέωto bind withG4887
- σύμφωνοςmutual consentG4859
- συζάωto live togetherG4800
- συμφυλέτηςfellow countrymanG4853
- συγκυρίαcoincidenceG4795
- συλλαλέωto talk withG4814
- συστρέφωto gatherG4962
- συμφέρωbe profitableG4851
- συνελαύνωto bring togetherG4900
- συναποστέλλωto send withG4882
- συμπάσχωto suffer withG4841
- συναιχμάλωτοςfellow prisonerG4869
- κοινόςcommon: sharedG2839H
- συνοδεύωto travel withG4922
- σύμψυχοςharmoniousG4861
- συναυξάνωto grow togetherG4885
- συγκαλύπτωto concealG4780
- συστοιχέωto correspond toG4960
- συναρπάζωto seizeG4884
- συνακολουθέωto accompanyG4870
- συστέλλωto wrap upG4958
- συγκεράννυμιto uniteG4786
- συμπάρειμιbe present withG4840
Detailed Greek dictionary
σύν [ῠ],
old Attic dialect ξύν; Boeotian dialect σούν [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“IG” 7.3171.39 (Orchom. _Boeotian dialect_, 3rd c.BC): _preposition_ with _dative_ (rarely with _genitive_, σ. τῶν ἐν αὺτῷ νεκρῶν Mitteis “Chr.” 129.23 (2nd c.BC))];
A σ. ἡρώων [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (“IPE” 2.383 (from Phanagoria); σ. γυναικός [prev. work]301 (from Panticapaeum),compare “Ostr.” 240.5 (2nd c.AD), “PLond.” 1.113 iv 19 (6th c.AD)))]:—with. The form ξύν rarely occurs in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, though it is not rare in compounds even when not required by the metre, as in ξυνέαξα, ξυνοχῇσιν, ξύμβλητο, ξύμπαντ; 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus also uses ξύμπας, ξυνιέναι)]; in Ionic dialect verse we find ξύν [Refs 7th c.BC+ (6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 1063 (but σύν [prev. author] 50), 6th c.BC: Solon Lyricus 19.3 (perhaps old Attic), but σύν 7th c.BC: Archilochus Lyricus 4, compare ξυνωνίη, συνίημι)]; in early Ionic dialect Prose (including Inscrr.,[Refs 6th c.BC+ (compare “SIG” 1.2 (Abu Simbel, 6th c.BC), 167.37 (Mylasa, 4th c.BC), etc.) ξύν)] is only found in ξυνίημι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus 51, 3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 95 (compare ἀξύνετος, ἀξυνεσίη, ξύνεσις), and in the phrase ξὺν νῷ (νόῳ codices) 1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus 114, 3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 35; 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus has only σύν, and in codices 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus ξύν has weaker authority than σύν (i p.cxxv Kuehlewein))]; in the late Ionic of [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Aretaeus Medicus, ξύν prevails over σύν)]; in Aeolic dialect and Doric dialect it is rare, ξυνοίκην [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica 75; ξυναλίαξε 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Lysistrata” 93)]; elsewhere Doric dialect σύν, [Refs 6th c.BC+ (“Leg.Gort.” 5.6, “IG” 9(1).334.47 (_Locrian dialect_, 5th c.BC), etc.; but in old _Attic dialect_ Inscrr. ξύν is the only form up to 6th c.BC; σύν appears in 5th c.BC)] and becomes usual towards the end; after [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC ξύν survives only in the formula γνώμην δὲ ξυμβάλλεσθαι κτλ.; the phrase ξὺν νῷ is found in 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 580, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Crito” 48c, “Men.” 88b, “R.” 619b (σὺν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 909))]; otherwise, of Attic dialect Prose writers [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus alone uses the preposition ξύν, 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator and Lysias have ξυν-)] a few times in compounds; codices [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus have both ξυν- (“Lg.” 930a, +others) and συν-)]; in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Antipho Sophista “Oxy.” 1364, 4th c.BC: Aristoxenus Musicus, 2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus, 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus, and Anonymus Rhythmicus ξυν-)] is very frequently; in Trag. both forms occur. The preposition σύν gradually gave way to μετά with genitive, so that whereas [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus has 67 examples of σύν to 8 of μετά)] with genitive, the proportions in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus are 400 of μετά to 37 of σύν, in 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 346 of μετά to 15 of σύν, and in 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus 300 of μετά to 8 of σύν)]: for these and other statistics see C. [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st c.AD: Josephus Historicus)] T. Mommsen, Beiträge zur Lehre von den griechischen Präpositionen (Frankfurt 1886-95): in Attic dialect Prose and Comedy texts σύν is restricted for the most part to signification 8, 9 and a few phrases, such as σὺν θεῷ, σὺν (τοῖς) ὅπλοι; Xenophon uses it freely, having 556 examples to 275 of μετ; in Papyrus, [Refs (“NT”, and later Prose its use is much less restricted (see. below).)]
A.1 in company with, together with, δεῦρό ποτ᾽ ἤλυθε.. σ. Μενελάῳ [NT+8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.206; ξ. παιδὶ.. πύργῳ ἐφεστήκει 6.372; σ. τοῖσδε ὑπέκφυγον 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.286; καταφθίσθαι σ. ἐκείνῳ 2.183; ἀπελαύνειν σ. τῷ στρατῷ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.101; ἐπαιδεύετο σ. τῷ ἀδελφῷ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.9.2; σ. αὐτῷ σταυροῦσι δύο λῃστάς NT.Mark.15.27; οὐδένα ἔχω σ. ἐμοί “PSI” 10.1161.12 (4th c.AD).)]
A.2 with collateral notion of help or aid, σ. θεῷ with God's help or blessing, as God wills, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.49; σ. σοί, πότνα θεά 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.391; πέμψον δέ με σ. γε θεοῖσιν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.430, compare 15.26; σ. θεῷ φυτευθεὶς ὄλβος 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 8.17)]; σ. θεῷ εἰρημένον spoken as by inspiration, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.86; σ. θεῷ δ᾽ εἰρήσεται 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 114; σ. θεῷ εἰπεῖν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 151b, “Prt.” 317b; ξ. θεοῖς 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.86)]; so σ. δαίμονι, σ. Ἀθήνῃ καὶ Διί, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.792, 20.192; σ. Χαρίτεσσιν 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 9.54, compare “P.” 9.2; ξ. τῷ θεῷ πᾶς καὶ γελᾷ κὠδύρεται 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 383)]; also θεοῦ σ. παλάμᾳ, σ. θεοῦ τύχᾳ, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 10(11).21, “N.” 6.24: generally, of personal cooperation, σ. σοὶ φραζέσθω)] let him consult with you, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.346; λοχησάμενος σ. ἑταίρῳ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.268)]; ξ. τῇ βουλῇ in consultation with the Council, [Refs (“IG” 12.63.17)]; σ. τινὶ μάχεσθαι fight at his side, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.3.5, compare “HG” 4.1.34)]; σ. τινὶ εἶναι or γίγνεσθαι to be with another, i.e.on his side, of his party, [Refs ([prev. author] “An.” 3.1.21, “Smp.” 5.10)]; οἱ σ. αὐτῷ his friends, followers, [NT ([prev. author] “An.” 1.2.15, cf. NT.Act.14.4, etc.)]
A.3 furnished with, endued with, σ. μεγάλῃ ἀρετῇ ἐκτήσω ἄκοιτιν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 24.193; πόλιν θεοδμάτῳ σ. ἐλευθερίᾳ ἔκτισσε 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 1.61.)]
A.4 of things that belong, or are attached, to a person, σ. νηΐ or σ. νηυσί, i.e. on board ship, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.389, 179, etc.; σ. νηυσὶν ἀλαπάξαι, opposed to πεζός, 9.328)] (so in Prose, σ. ναυσὶ προσπλεῖν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.2.7, etc.); σ. ἵπποισιν καὶ ὄχεσφιν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.219)]; especially of arms, μιν κατέκηε σ. ἔντεσι [Refs (6.418; στῆ δ᾽ εὐρὰξ σ. δουρί 15.541; ἀντιβίην or ἀντίβιον σ. ἔντεσι or σ. τεύχεσι πειρηθῆναι, 5.220, 11.386; σ. ἔντεσι μάρνασθαι 13.719; σκῆπτρον, σ. τῷ ἔβη 2.47; ἄγγελος ἦλθε.. σ. ἀγγελίῃ [prev. work] 787)]; ς. (or ξ.) ὅπλοις [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.2, +others, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 947c, 4th c.BC: Aeneas Tacticus 17.1)]; ς. (or ξ.) τοῖς ὅπλοις [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.90, 4.14, “Hellenica Oxyrhynchia” 10.1, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 763a, 4th c.BC: Aeneas Tacticus 11.8; σ. ἐγχειριδίοις “Hellenica Oxyrhynchia” 10.2; ξ. ξιφιδίῳ καὶ θώρακι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.22; ξ. ἑνὶ ἱματίῳ [prev. author] 2.70)]; in some such cases ς. is little more than expletive, as σ. τεύχεσι θωρηχθέντες lines[Refs 8th c.BC+ (8.530, etc.: with αὐτός compare (αὐτός 1.5), chiefly in 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, ἀνόρουσεν αὐτῇ σ. φόρμιγγι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.194, compare 14.498; αὐτῷ σ. τε λίνῳ καὶ ῥήγεϊ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.118.)]
A.5 of things accompanying, or of concurrent circumstances, ἄνεμος σ. λαίλαπι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.57, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 12.408)]; of coincidence in time, ἄκρᾳ σ. ἑσπέρᾳ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 11.10)]; καιρῷ σ. ἀτρεκεῖ[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 8.7; σ. τῷ Χρόνῳ προϊόντι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.7.6)]; in the course of, κείνῳ σ. ἄματι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 10.23, compare 125, 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “Fragmenta.” 123.)]
A.6 of necessary connexion or consequence, σὺν μεγάλῳ ἀποτεῖσαι to pay with a great loss, i.e. suffer greatly, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.161)]; δημοσίῳ σ. κακῷ with loss to the public, [Refs 6th c.BC+ (6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 50)]; σ. τῷ σῷ ἀγαθῷ to your advantage, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.1.15)]; ὤλοντο.. σὺν μιάς ματι with pollution, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 172)]; to denote agreement, in accordance with, σ. τῷ δικαίῳ καὶ καλῷ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 2.6.18; σ. δίκᾳ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 9.96; σ. κόσμῳ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.86, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Mundo” 398b23; σ. τάχει 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 872, etc.)]
A.7 of the instrument or means, with the help of, by means of, σ. ἐλαίῳ φαρμακώσαισα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.221; διήλλαχθε σ. σιδάρῳ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 885 (Lyric poetry); πλοῦτον ἐκτήσω ξ. αἰχμῇ [prev. author] “Pers.” 755 (troch.); ἡ [τῶν φίλων] κτῆσίς ἐστιν οὐδαμῶς σ. τῇ βίᾳ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.7.13; ξ. ἐπαίνῳ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.84.)]
A.8 including, κεφάλαιον σ. ἐπωνίοις [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“IG” 12.329.5, compare 22.1388.85, 1407.12, +others; τοῦ Πειραιῶς ξ. Μουνυχίᾳ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.13, compare 4.124, 5.26, 74, 7.42, 8.90, 95)]; δισχίλιαι γάρ εἰσι (i.e. δραχμαὶ) σ. ταῖς Νικίου [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Fragmenta” 100; ἀνήλωσα σ. τῇ τῆς σκευῆς ἀναθέσει ἑκκαίδεκα μνᾶς 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 21.4, compare 2; αἶγας ἀπέδοτο σ. τῷ αἰπόλῳ τριῶν καὶ δέκα μνῶν 4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 6.33, compare 8.8, 35, 11.42, 46, 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 2.162, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 19.155, 27.23, +others, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 525b15, 17, “Ath.” 19.6, 2nd c.BC: Hipparchus Astronomicus 1.1.9, +others, “PSI” 10.1124.14 (2nd c.AD).)]
A.9 excluding, apart from, plus, ἓξ ἐμοὶ σ. ἑβδόμῳ six with (but not including) me the seventh, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 283; αἱ γὰρ καμπαὶ τέτταρες, ἢ δύο σ. τοῖς πτερυγίοις 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 490a32; σ. τοῖς ἀρχαίοις τὸν οἶκον ἐκ τῶν προσόδων μείζω ποιῆσαι 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 27.61; τὴν ἐφαπτίδα σ. τῇ σακκοπήρᾳ ἐν ᾗ ἐνῆν)]together with.., [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (PEnteux. 32.7, compare 89.9 (3rd c.BC))]; οἱ γραμματεῖς σ. τοῖς πρεσβυτέροις [NT (NT.Luke.20.1, cf. NT.Gal.5.24.)]
B POSITION:—σύν sometimes follows its case, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.19, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.332, 15.410)]. It frequently stands between adjective and substantive, as [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.359, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.194, etc.)]; more rarely between substantive and adjective, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.258, 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 8.7.)]
B.2 frequently in tmesis in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, as 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.687, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.296, etc.)]
B.3 in late Gr. σὺν καὶ with dative, στεφανηφορήσας σ. καὶ Αὐρ. Ἰάσονι [Refs 1st c.AD+ (“IG” 12(7).259 (Amorgos, 3rd c.AD),compare “Supp.epigram” 4.535 (Ephesus, 2nd-3rd c.AD), “Rev.Phil.” 50.11 (Sardis, 1st-3rd c.AD), “CPR” 26.16 (2nd c.AD); compare below with 2.)]
C σύν AS adverb., together, at once, κενεὰς σ. Χεῖρας ἔχοντες [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.42)]; mostly followed by δέ or τε, σ. δὲ πτερὰ πυκνὰ λίασθεν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.879; σ. τε δύ᾽ ἐρχομένω 10.224 (compare σύνδυο); ξ. τε διπλοῖ βασιλῆς 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 960 (Lyric poetry))]. It is sometimes hard to distinguish this from tmesis, e.g. in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.879)]; so ξὺν κακῶς ποιεῖν is ={Ξυγκακοποιεῖν} in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.13)]. In Old Testament Gr. it is sometimes used to translate the Hebrew 'ēth (particle prefixed to the definite accusative) through confusion with the preposition 'ēth 'with', ἐμίσησα σὺν τὴν ζωήν [LXX (LXX.Eccl.2.17)]; οὐκ ἐμνήσθη σ. τοῦ ἀνδρός[LXX+2nd c.AD+ ([prev. work] 9.15; ἔκτισεν ὁ θεὸς σὺν τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ σὺν τὴν γῆν 2nd c.AD: Aquila LXX.Gen.1.1, etc.)]
C.2 besides, also, σ. δὲ πλουτίζειν ἐμέ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 586; σ. δ᾽ αὔτως ἐγώ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 85, etc.; σ. δ᾽ ἐγὼ παρών [prev. author] “Aj.” 1288, compare “El.” 299; Δίρκα τε.. σ. τ᾽ Ἀσωπιάδες κόραι 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 785 (Lyric poetry))]; in later Poetry σ. καί [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 1.74, 3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 4.3, 2nd c.BC: Nicander Epicus “Theriaca” 8, 2nd c.AD: Dionysius Periegeta 843)] (also in late Prose, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (2nd c.AD: Athenaeus Epigrammaticus 2.49a; compare above 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 3).)]
D IN COMPOSITION (joined with other words),
D.I with, along with, together, at the same time, hence of any kind of union, connexion, or participation in a thing, and metaphorically of agreement or unity. In Compos. with a transitive Verb σύν may refer to the Object as well as the Subject, as συγκατακτείνειν may mean kill one person as well as another, or, join with another in killing.
D.I.2 of the completion of an action, altogether, completely, as in συνάγνυμι, συνασκέω 2, συνθρύπτω, συγκόπτω, συμπατέω, συμπληρόω, συντελέω, συντέμν; sometimes, therefore, it seems only to strengthen the force of the simple word.
D.I.3 joined with numerals, σύνδυο two together, which sense often becomes distributive, by twos, two and two; so σύντρεις, σύμπεντε, etc., like Latin bini, terni, etc.
D.II σύν in Compos., before β μ π φ ψ, becomes συμ-; before γ κ ξ Χ, συγ-; before λ συλ-; before σ usually συσ-; but becomes συ- before σ followed by a consonant (e.g. συστῆναι), before ζ, and perhaps sometimes before ξ. In a poetry passage, cited in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 237a, we have ξύμ alone in tmesi, ξύμ μοι λάβεσθε for συλλάβεσθέ μο;compare ὅτε ξὺμ πρῶτ᾽ ἐφύοντο 5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 95: in Inscrr. and Papyri these assimilations are frequently not found.)]
old Attic dialect ξύν; Boeotian dialect σούν [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“IG” 7.3171.39 (Orchom. _Boeotian dialect_, 3rd c.BC): _preposition_ with _dative_ (rarely with _genitive_, σ. τῶν ἐν αὺτῷ νεκρῶν Mitteis “Chr.” 129.23 (2nd c.BC))];
A σ. ἡρώων [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (“IPE” 2.383 (from Phanagoria); σ. γυναικός [prev. work]301 (from Panticapaeum),compare “Ostr.” 240.5 (2nd c.AD), “PLond.” 1.113 iv 19 (6th c.AD)))]:—with. The form ξύν rarely occurs in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, though it is not rare in compounds even when not required by the metre, as in ξυνέαξα, ξυνοχῇσιν, ξύμβλητο, ξύμπαντ; 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus also uses ξύμπας, ξυνιέναι)]; in Ionic dialect verse we find ξύν [Refs 7th c.BC+ (6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 1063 (but σύν [prev. author] 50), 6th c.BC: Solon Lyricus 19.3 (perhaps old Attic), but σύν 7th c.BC: Archilochus Lyricus 4, compare ξυνωνίη, συνίημι)]; in early Ionic dialect Prose (including Inscrr.,[Refs 6th c.BC+ (compare “SIG” 1.2 (Abu Simbel, 6th c.BC), 167.37 (Mylasa, 4th c.BC), etc.) ξύν)] is only found in ξυνίημι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus 51, 3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 95 (compare ἀξύνετος, ἀξυνεσίη, ξύνεσις), and in the phrase ξὺν νῷ (νόῳ codices) 1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus 114, 3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 35; 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus has only σύν, and in codices 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus ξύν has weaker authority than σύν (i p.cxxv Kuehlewein))]; in the late Ionic of [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Aretaeus Medicus, ξύν prevails over σύν)]; in Aeolic dialect and Doric dialect it is rare, ξυνοίκην [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica 75; ξυναλίαξε 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Lysistrata” 93)]; elsewhere Doric dialect σύν, [Refs 6th c.BC+ (“Leg.Gort.” 5.6, “IG” 9(1).334.47 (_Locrian dialect_, 5th c.BC), etc.; but in old _Attic dialect_ Inscrr. ξύν is the only form up to 6th c.BC; σύν appears in 5th c.BC)] and becomes usual towards the end; after [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC ξύν survives only in the formula γνώμην δὲ ξυμβάλλεσθαι κτλ.; the phrase ξὺν νῷ is found in 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 580, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Crito” 48c, “Men.” 88b, “R.” 619b (σὺν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 909))]; otherwise, of Attic dialect Prose writers [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus alone uses the preposition ξύν, 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator and Lysias have ξυν-)] a few times in compounds; codices [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus have both ξυν- (“Lg.” 930a, +others) and συν-)]; in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Antipho Sophista “Oxy.” 1364, 4th c.BC: Aristoxenus Musicus, 2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus, 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus, and Anonymus Rhythmicus ξυν-)] is very frequently; in Trag. both forms occur. The preposition σύν gradually gave way to μετά with genitive, so that whereas [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus has 67 examples of σύν to 8 of μετά)] with genitive, the proportions in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus are 400 of μετά to 37 of σύν, in 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 346 of μετά to 15 of σύν, and in 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus 300 of μετά to 8 of σύν)]: for these and other statistics see C. [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st c.AD: Josephus Historicus)] T. Mommsen, Beiträge zur Lehre von den griechischen Präpositionen (Frankfurt 1886-95): in Attic dialect Prose and Comedy texts σύν is restricted for the most part to signification 8, 9 and a few phrases, such as σὺν θεῷ, σὺν (τοῖς) ὅπλοι; Xenophon uses it freely, having 556 examples to 275 of μετ; in Papyrus, [Refs (“NT”, and later Prose its use is much less restricted (see. below).)]
A.1 in company with, together with, δεῦρό ποτ᾽ ἤλυθε.. σ. Μενελάῳ [NT+8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.206; ξ. παιδὶ.. πύργῳ ἐφεστήκει 6.372; σ. τοῖσδε ὑπέκφυγον 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.286; καταφθίσθαι σ. ἐκείνῳ 2.183; ἀπελαύνειν σ. τῷ στρατῷ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.101; ἐπαιδεύετο σ. τῷ ἀδελφῷ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.9.2; σ. αὐτῷ σταυροῦσι δύο λῃστάς NT.Mark.15.27; οὐδένα ἔχω σ. ἐμοί “PSI” 10.1161.12 (4th c.AD).)]
A.2 with collateral notion of help or aid, σ. θεῷ with God's help or blessing, as God wills, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.49; σ. σοί, πότνα θεά 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.391; πέμψον δέ με σ. γε θεοῖσιν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.430, compare 15.26; σ. θεῷ φυτευθεὶς ὄλβος 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 8.17)]; σ. θεῷ εἰρημένον spoken as by inspiration, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.86; σ. θεῷ δ᾽ εἰρήσεται 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 114; σ. θεῷ εἰπεῖν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 151b, “Prt.” 317b; ξ. θεοῖς 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.86)]; so σ. δαίμονι, σ. Ἀθήνῃ καὶ Διί, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.792, 20.192; σ. Χαρίτεσσιν 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 9.54, compare “P.” 9.2; ξ. τῷ θεῷ πᾶς καὶ γελᾷ κὠδύρεται 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 383)]; also θεοῦ σ. παλάμᾳ, σ. θεοῦ τύχᾳ, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 10(11).21, “N.” 6.24: generally, of personal cooperation, σ. σοὶ φραζέσθω)] let him consult with you, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.346; λοχησάμενος σ. ἑταίρῳ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.268)]; ξ. τῇ βουλῇ in consultation with the Council, [Refs (“IG” 12.63.17)]; σ. τινὶ μάχεσθαι fight at his side, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.3.5, compare “HG” 4.1.34)]; σ. τινὶ εἶναι or γίγνεσθαι to be with another, i.e.on his side, of his party, [Refs ([prev. author] “An.” 3.1.21, “Smp.” 5.10)]; οἱ σ. αὐτῷ his friends, followers, [NT ([prev. author] “An.” 1.2.15, cf. NT.Act.14.4, etc.)]
A.3 furnished with, endued with, σ. μεγάλῃ ἀρετῇ ἐκτήσω ἄκοιτιν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 24.193; πόλιν θεοδμάτῳ σ. ἐλευθερίᾳ ἔκτισσε 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 1.61.)]
A.4 of things that belong, or are attached, to a person, σ. νηΐ or σ. νηυσί, i.e. on board ship, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.389, 179, etc.; σ. νηυσὶν ἀλαπάξαι, opposed to πεζός, 9.328)] (so in Prose, σ. ναυσὶ προσπλεῖν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.2.7, etc.); σ. ἵπποισιν καὶ ὄχεσφιν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.219)]; especially of arms, μιν κατέκηε σ. ἔντεσι [Refs (6.418; στῆ δ᾽ εὐρὰξ σ. δουρί 15.541; ἀντιβίην or ἀντίβιον σ. ἔντεσι or σ. τεύχεσι πειρηθῆναι, 5.220, 11.386; σ. ἔντεσι μάρνασθαι 13.719; σκῆπτρον, σ. τῷ ἔβη 2.47; ἄγγελος ἦλθε.. σ. ἀγγελίῃ [prev. work] 787)]; ς. (or ξ.) ὅπλοις [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.2, +others, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 947c, 4th c.BC: Aeneas Tacticus 17.1)]; ς. (or ξ.) τοῖς ὅπλοις [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.90, 4.14, “Hellenica Oxyrhynchia” 10.1, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 763a, 4th c.BC: Aeneas Tacticus 11.8; σ. ἐγχειριδίοις “Hellenica Oxyrhynchia” 10.2; ξ. ξιφιδίῳ καὶ θώρακι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.22; ξ. ἑνὶ ἱματίῳ [prev. author] 2.70)]; in some such cases ς. is little more than expletive, as σ. τεύχεσι θωρηχθέντες lines[Refs 8th c.BC+ (8.530, etc.: with αὐτός compare (αὐτός 1.5), chiefly in 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, ἀνόρουσεν αὐτῇ σ. φόρμιγγι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.194, compare 14.498; αὐτῷ σ. τε λίνῳ καὶ ῥήγεϊ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.118.)]
A.5 of things accompanying, or of concurrent circumstances, ἄνεμος σ. λαίλαπι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.57, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 12.408)]; of coincidence in time, ἄκρᾳ σ. ἑσπέρᾳ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 11.10)]; καιρῷ σ. ἀτρεκεῖ[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 8.7; σ. τῷ Χρόνῳ προϊόντι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.7.6)]; in the course of, κείνῳ σ. ἄματι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 10.23, compare 125, 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “Fragmenta.” 123.)]
A.6 of necessary connexion or consequence, σὺν μεγάλῳ ἀποτεῖσαι to pay with a great loss, i.e. suffer greatly, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.161)]; δημοσίῳ σ. κακῷ with loss to the public, [Refs 6th c.BC+ (6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 50)]; σ. τῷ σῷ ἀγαθῷ to your advantage, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.1.15)]; ὤλοντο.. σὺν μιάς ματι with pollution, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 172)]; to denote agreement, in accordance with, σ. τῷ δικαίῳ καὶ καλῷ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 2.6.18; σ. δίκᾳ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 9.96; σ. κόσμῳ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.86, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Mundo” 398b23; σ. τάχει 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 872, etc.)]
A.7 of the instrument or means, with the help of, by means of, σ. ἐλαίῳ φαρμακώσαισα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.221; διήλλαχθε σ. σιδάρῳ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 885 (Lyric poetry); πλοῦτον ἐκτήσω ξ. αἰχμῇ [prev. author] “Pers.” 755 (troch.); ἡ [τῶν φίλων] κτῆσίς ἐστιν οὐδαμῶς σ. τῇ βίᾳ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.7.13; ξ. ἐπαίνῳ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.84.)]
A.8 including, κεφάλαιον σ. ἐπωνίοις [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“IG” 12.329.5, compare 22.1388.85, 1407.12, +others; τοῦ Πειραιῶς ξ. Μουνυχίᾳ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.13, compare 4.124, 5.26, 74, 7.42, 8.90, 95)]; δισχίλιαι γάρ εἰσι (i.e. δραχμαὶ) σ. ταῖς Νικίου [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Fragmenta” 100; ἀνήλωσα σ. τῇ τῆς σκευῆς ἀναθέσει ἑκκαίδεκα μνᾶς 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 21.4, compare 2; αἶγας ἀπέδοτο σ. τῷ αἰπόλῳ τριῶν καὶ δέκα μνῶν 4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 6.33, compare 8.8, 35, 11.42, 46, 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 2.162, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 19.155, 27.23, +others, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 525b15, 17, “Ath.” 19.6, 2nd c.BC: Hipparchus Astronomicus 1.1.9, +others, “PSI” 10.1124.14 (2nd c.AD).)]
A.9 excluding, apart from, plus, ἓξ ἐμοὶ σ. ἑβδόμῳ six with (but not including) me the seventh, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 283; αἱ γὰρ καμπαὶ τέτταρες, ἢ δύο σ. τοῖς πτερυγίοις 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 490a32; σ. τοῖς ἀρχαίοις τὸν οἶκον ἐκ τῶν προσόδων μείζω ποιῆσαι 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 27.61; τὴν ἐφαπτίδα σ. τῇ σακκοπήρᾳ ἐν ᾗ ἐνῆν)]together with.., [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (PEnteux. 32.7, compare 89.9 (3rd c.BC))]; οἱ γραμματεῖς σ. τοῖς πρεσβυτέροις [NT (NT.Luke.20.1, cf. NT.Gal.5.24.)]
B POSITION:—σύν sometimes follows its case, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.19, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.332, 15.410)]. It frequently stands between adjective and substantive, as [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.359, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.194, etc.)]; more rarely between substantive and adjective, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.258, 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 8.7.)]
B.2 frequently in tmesis in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, as 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.687, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.296, etc.)]
B.3 in late Gr. σὺν καὶ with dative, στεφανηφορήσας σ. καὶ Αὐρ. Ἰάσονι [Refs 1st c.AD+ (“IG” 12(7).259 (Amorgos, 3rd c.AD),compare “Supp.epigram” 4.535 (Ephesus, 2nd-3rd c.AD), “Rev.Phil.” 50.11 (Sardis, 1st-3rd c.AD), “CPR” 26.16 (2nd c.AD); compare below with 2.)]
C σύν AS adverb., together, at once, κενεὰς σ. Χεῖρας ἔχοντες [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.42)]; mostly followed by δέ or τε, σ. δὲ πτερὰ πυκνὰ λίασθεν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.879; σ. τε δύ᾽ ἐρχομένω 10.224 (compare σύνδυο); ξ. τε διπλοῖ βασιλῆς 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 960 (Lyric poetry))]. It is sometimes hard to distinguish this from tmesis, e.g. in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.879)]; so ξὺν κακῶς ποιεῖν is ={Ξυγκακοποιεῖν} in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.13)]. In Old Testament Gr. it is sometimes used to translate the Hebrew 'ēth (particle prefixed to the definite accusative) through confusion with the preposition 'ēth 'with', ἐμίσησα σὺν τὴν ζωήν [LXX (LXX.Eccl.2.17)]; οὐκ ἐμνήσθη σ. τοῦ ἀνδρός[LXX+2nd c.AD+ ([prev. work] 9.15; ἔκτισεν ὁ θεὸς σὺν τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ σὺν τὴν γῆν 2nd c.AD: Aquila LXX.Gen.1.1, etc.)]
C.2 besides, also, σ. δὲ πλουτίζειν ἐμέ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 586; σ. δ᾽ αὔτως ἐγώ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 85, etc.; σ. δ᾽ ἐγὼ παρών [prev. author] “Aj.” 1288, compare “El.” 299; Δίρκα τε.. σ. τ᾽ Ἀσωπιάδες κόραι 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 785 (Lyric poetry))]; in later Poetry σ. καί [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 1.74, 3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 4.3, 2nd c.BC: Nicander Epicus “Theriaca” 8, 2nd c.AD: Dionysius Periegeta 843)] (also in late Prose, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (2nd c.AD: Athenaeus Epigrammaticus 2.49a; compare above 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 3).)]
D IN COMPOSITION (joined with other words),
D.I with, along with, together, at the same time, hence of any kind of union, connexion, or participation in a thing, and metaphorically of agreement or unity. In Compos. with a transitive Verb σύν may refer to the Object as well as the Subject, as συγκατακτείνειν may mean kill one person as well as another, or, join with another in killing.
D.I.2 of the completion of an action, altogether, completely, as in συνάγνυμι, συνασκέω 2, συνθρύπτω, συγκόπτω, συμπατέω, συμπληρόω, συντελέω, συντέμν; sometimes, therefore, it seems only to strengthen the force of the simple word.
D.I.3 joined with numerals, σύνδυο two together, which sense often becomes distributive, by twos, two and two; so σύντρεις, σύμπεντε, etc., like Latin bini, terni, etc.
D.II σύν in Compos., before β μ π φ ψ, becomes συμ-; before γ κ ξ Χ, συγ-; before λ συλ-; before σ usually συσ-; but becomes συ- before σ followed by a consonant (e.g. συστῆναι), before ζ, and perhaps sometimes before ξ. In a poetry passage, cited in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 237a, we have ξύμ alone in tmesi, ξύμ μοι λάβεσθε for συλλάβεσθέ μο;compare ὅτε ξὺμ πρῶτ᾽ ἐφύοντο 5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 95: in Inscrr. and Papyri these assimilations are frequently not found.)]