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Strong G3844παρά

from/with/beside

Transliteration
para
Pronunciation
par-ah'
Morphology
Greek Preposition

Definition

A primary preposition; properly near that is (with genitive case) from beside (literally or figuratively) (with dative case) at (or in) the vicinity of (objectively or subjectively) (with accusative case) to the proximity with (local [especially beyond or opposed to] or causal [on account of]). In compounds it retains the same variety of application: - above against among at before by contrary to X friend from + give [such things as they] + that [she] had X his in more than nigh unto (out) of past save side . . . by in the sight of than [there-] fore with. In compounds it retains the same variety of application.

Detailed definition

παρά, prep. with genitive, dative, accusative,
with radical sense, beside.
I. C. genitive of person(s), from the side of, from beside, from, indicating source or origin, [in LXX for מֵאֵצֶל,מִיַד,מִלִּפְנֵי;] after verbs of motion, Mrk.14:43, Luk.8:49, Jhn.15:26, al.; after verbs of seeking, receiving, hearing, etc., Mrk.8:11 12:2, Jhn.4:9, 52 10:18, Php.4:18, 2Ti.1:18, Jas.1:7, al.; after passive verbs, of the agent (like ὑπό), Mat.21:42, Mrk.12:11, Luk.1:37; absol., οἱ παρ᾽ αὐτοῦ, his family, his kinsfolk, Mrk.3:21 (cf. M, Pr., 106f.; Field, Notes, 25f.; Swete, in l.); τὰ παρ᾽ αὐτῆς (αὐτῶν, ὑμῶν, one's means, wealth, Mrk.5:26, Luk.10:7, Php.4:18.

II. C. dative of person(s) (exc. Jhn.19:25, π. τ. σταυρῷ), by the side of, beside, by, with, [in LXX for בְּעֵינֵי,בְּיַד,אֵצֶל;] Luk.11:37 19:7, Jhn.1:40 4:40, Act.28:14, al.; παρ᾽ ἑαυτῷ, at home, 1Co.16:2; with dative pl., among, Mat.22:25, Col.4:16, al.; metaphorically, Mat.19:26, Mrk.10:27, Luk.1:30, Rom.2:13, Jas.1:27, al.

III. C. accusative, of motion by or towards, [in LXX for בְּעֵבֶר,עַל יַד,אֵצֶל;]
1. of place, by the side of, beside, by, along: Act.10:32, Heb.11:12; after verbs of motion, Mat.4:18, Mrk.4:4, Luk.8:5, Act.4:35, al.; after verbs of rest, Mat.13:1, Mrk.5:21, Luk.8:35, al.

2. beside, beyond, metaphorically;
__(a) beyond, against, contrary to: Act.18:13, Rom.1:26 4:18 11:24, al.; except, 2Co.11:24;
__(b) beyond, above, in comparison with: Luk.3:13, Rom.12:3 14:5, Heb.1:4, 9 3:3, al.;
__(with) on account of: 1Co.12:15, 16.

IV. In composition: beside, to (παραλαμβάνω, παράγω), at hand (πάρειμι), from (παραρρέω), amiss (παρακούω), past (παρέρχομαι), compared with (παρομοιάζω), above measure (παροργίζω).
(AS)

In the Bible

Strong G3844 appears in 189 verses of the KJV.

Translated in the KJV by

  • of52
  • with36
  • by23
  • from22
  • at12
  • than12
  • above4
  • among3
  • before3
  • contrary3
  • against2
  • be2

First verses

  1. Matthew 2:4
    And when he had gathered all the chief priests and scribes of the people together, he demanded of them where Christ should be born.
  2. Matthew 2:7
    Then Herod, when he had privily called the wise men, enquired of them diligently what time the star appeared.
  3. Matthew 2:16
    Then Herod, when he saw that he was mocked of the wise men, was exceeding wroth, and sent forth, and slew all the children that were in Bethlehem, and in all the coasts thereof, from two years old and under, according to the time which he had diligently enquired of the wise men.
  4. Matthew 4:18
    And Jesus, walking by the sea of Galilee, saw two brethren, Simon called Peter, and Andrew his brother, casting a net into the sea: for they were fishers.
  5. Matthew 6:1
    Take heed that ye do not your alms before men, to be seen of them: otherwise ye have no reward of your Father which is in heaven.
  6. Matthew 13:1
    The same day went Jesus out of the house, and sat by the sea side.
  7. Matthew 13:4
    And when he sowed, some seeds fell by the way side, and the fowls came and devoured them up:
  8. Matthew 13:19
    When any one heareth the word of the kingdom, and understandeth it not, then cometh the wicked one, and catcheth away that which was sown in his heart. This is he which received seed by the way side.
  9. Matthew 15:29
    And Jesus departed from thence, and came nigh unto the sea of Galilee; and went up into a mountain, and sat down there.
  10. Matthew 15:30
    And great multitudes came unto him, having with them those that were lame, blind, dumb, maimed, and many others, and cast them down at Jesus’ feet; and he healed them:
  11. Matthew 18:19
    Again I say unto you, That if two of you shall agree on earth as touching any thing that they shall ask, it shall be done for them of my Father which is in heaven.
  12. Matthew 19:26
    But Jesus beheld them, and said unto them, With men this is impossible; but with God all things are possible.
  13. Matthew 20:20
    Then came to him the mother of Zebedee’s children with her sons, worshipping him, and desiring a certain thing of him.
  14. Matthew 20:30
    And, behold, two blind men sitting by the way side, when they heard that Jesus passed by, cried out, saying, Have mercy on us, O Lord, thou Son of David.
  15. Matthew 21:25
    The baptism of John, whence was it? from heaven, or of men? And they reasoned with themselves, saying, If we shall say, From heaven; he will say unto us, Why did ye not then believe him?
  16. Matthew 21:42
    Jesus saith unto them, Did ye never read in the scriptures, The stone which the builders rejected, the same is become the head of the corner: this is the Lord’s doing, and it is marvellous in our eyes?
  17. Matthew 22:25
    Now there were with us seven brethren: and the first, when he had married a wife, deceased, and, having no issue, left his wife unto his brother:
  18. Matthew 28:15
    So they took the money, and did as they were taught: and this saying is commonly reported among the Jews until this day.
  19. Mark 1:16
    Now as he walked by the sea of Galilee, he saw Simon and Andrew his brother casting a net into the sea: for they were fishers.
  20. Mark 2:13
    And he went forth again by the sea side; and all the multitude resorted unto him, and he taught them.
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Detailed Greek dictionary
πᾰρά [ρᾰ],
Epic dialect and Lyric poetry also παραί: shortened πάρ, in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)], Lyric poetry (but rarely in Trag., in Lyric poetry passages, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 553, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 636))], and in all dial ects except Attic dialect, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“GDI” 5434.8 (from Paros), “IG” 5(2).3.14 (Tegea, 4th c.BC), “Inscription Magn.” 26.28 (Thess.))], etc.:—preposition with genitive, dative, and accusative, properly beside: hence,
A WITH GEN. properly denoting motion from the side of, from beside, from:
A.I of Place, πὰρ νηῶν ἔλθωμεν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.744; παρὰ ναῦφιν ἐλευσόμεθ᾽ 12.225, etc.; παρ᾽ Ὠκεανοῖο ῥοάων.. ἐπερχομένη 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 22.197; πὰρ νηῶν ἀπώσεται 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.533, etc.; δῶρα π. νηὸς ἐνεικέμεν 19.194; φάσγανον ὀξὺ ἐρυσσάμενος π. μηροῦ 1.190, compare 21.173; σπασσάμενος.. ἄορ παχέος π. μηροῦ 16.473)]; πλευρὰ παρ᾽ ἀσπίδος ἐξεφαάνθη was exposed beside the shield,[Refs 4th c.BC+ (4.468, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 624.)]
A.II commonly of Persons,
A.II.1 with Verbs of going or coming, bringing, etc., ἦλθε.. πὰρ Διός [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.787; παρ᾽ Αἰήταο πλέουσα 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 12.70, etc.; ἀγγελίη ἥκει π. βασιλέος 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.140. ; αὐτομολήσαντες π. βασιλέως 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.7.13; ἐξεληλυθὼς παρ᾽ Ἀριστάρχου 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.117)]; ὁ π. τινὸς ἥκων his messenger, [NT+5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 4.5.53; so οἱ π. τινός 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.10, NT.Mark.3.21, etc.; ὅστις ἀφικνεῖτο τῶν π. βασιλέως πρὸς αὐτόν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.1.5, etc.)]; τεύχεα καλὰ φέρουσα παρ᾽ Ἡφαίστοιο from his workshop, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.137, compare 617, etc.; ἀπαγγέλλειν τι π. τινός 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 2.1.20; σὺ δὲ οἰμώζειν αὐτοῖς παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ λέγε 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “DMort.” 1.2.)]
A.II.2 issuing from a person, γίγνεσθαι π. τινός to be born from, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 179b)]; λόγος (i.e. ἐστί) π. Ἀθηναίων with accusative et infinitive, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.55: frequently following a Noun, δόξα ἡ π. τῶν ἀνθρώπων)] glory from (given by) men, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 232a)]; ἡ π. τινὸς εὔνοια the favour from, i. e. of, any one, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 2.2.12)]; τὸ παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ ἀδίκημα done by me, [Refs ([prev. author] “Cyr.” 5.5.13)]; τὰ π. τινός all that issues from any one, as commands, commissions, [Refs ([prev. author] “An.” 2.3.4, etc.; or promises, gifts, presents, [prev. author] “Mem.” 3.11.13)]; τὰ παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ my opinions, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 219a)]; παρ᾽ ἑωυτοῦ διδούς giving from oneself, i. e. from one's own means, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.129, 8.5; παρ᾽ ἑαυτοῦ προσετίθει 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 6.1.3)]; νόμον θὲς παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ by my advice, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 322d)]; αὐτοὶ παρ᾽ αὑτῶν of themselves, [Refs ([prev. author] “Tht.” 150d, compare “Phdr.” 235c.)]
A.II.3 with Verbs of receiving, obtaining, and the like, τυχεῖν τινος π. τινός [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.290, 15.158; πὰρ δ᾽ ἄρα μιν Ταφίων πρίατο 14.452; ἀρέομαι πὰρ μὲν Σαλαμῖνος Ἀθαναίων χάριν 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 1.76; εὑρέσθαι τι π. τῶν θεῶν 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 9.14, compare “IG” 12.40.10)]; δέχεσθαι, λαμβάνειν, ἁρπάζειν π. τινός, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.20, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Oeconomicus” 9.11, 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Theogonia” 914)]; ἀντιάσαι, αἰτήσασθαι π. τινός, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 870 (Lyric poetry), 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 3.1.4; ἀξιοῖ π. τοῦ ἰατροῦ φάρμακον πιὼν ἐξεμέσαι τὸ νόσημα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 406d; κόσμος τοῖς πράξασι γίγνεται π. τῶν ἀκουσάντων [prev. author] “Mx.” 236e: without Verb, ὁ καρπὸς ὁ π. τῶν δημάρχων “IG” 12.76.27: with Verbs of learning, etc., μεμαθηκέναι π. τινῶν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.104, etc.)]
A.II.4 with passive Verbs, πὰρ Διὸς.. μῆνις ἐτύχθη [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.122; π. θεῶν ἡ τοιαύτη μανία δίδοται 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 245c, etc.)]; τὰ π. τῶν θεῶν σημαινόμενα, συμβουλευόμενα, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.6.2; τὰ π. τινὸς λεγόμενα [prev. work] 6.1.42)]; τὰ π. τῆς τύχης δωρηθέντα the presents of.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 4.26; με π. σοῦ σοφίας πληρωθήσεσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 175e.)]
A.III rarely for παρά with dative, by, near, πὰρ ποδός [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 10.62, 3.60)]; παρὰ δὲ κυανέων πελαγέων uncertain reading in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 966 (Lyric poetry); τὸν Ῥειτὸν τὸν παρὰ τοῦ ἄστεως “IG” 12.81.5)]; πολλοὶ παρ᾽ ἀμφοτέρων ἔπιπτον, ={ἀμφοτέρωθεν}, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 19.42.)]
A.IV π. τῆς συγχωρήσεώς τινος without his consent, [Refs (“BCH” 46.337 (from Teos).)]
B WITH DAT. denoting rest by the side of any person or thing, answering the question where?
B.I of Places, κατ᾽ ἂρ ἕζετ᾽.. πὰρ πυρί, ἔκειτο π. σηκῷ, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 7.154, 9.319; νέμονται π. πέτρῃ 13.408; ἑσταότες παρ ὄχεσφιν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.565)]; πὰρ ποσὶ μαρναμένων ἐκυλίνδετο at their feet, [Refs (14.411)], etc.; π. θύρῃσι at the door,[Refs 8th c.BC+ (7.346; π. ῥηγμῖνι θαλάσσης 2.773; δεῖπνον.. εἵλοντο παρ᾽ ὄχθῃσιν ποταμοῖο 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.97, compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.475, 20.53, etc.; κεῖσθαι παρ᾽ Ἅιδῃ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 972)]; παρ᾽ οἴνῳ over wine, [Refs ([prev. work] 780, etc.)]
B.II of persons, beside, πὰρ δὲ οἷ αὐτῷ εἷσε Θεοκλύμενον [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 15.285; κεῖτο παρὰ μνηστῇ ἀλόχῳ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.556, compare 6.246, etc.; παρ᾽ ἀνδράσιν εὐνάζεσθαι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.119; δαίνυσθαι π. τινί 8.243)]; πὰρ δέ οἱ ἑστήκει stood by him, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.367.)]
B.II.2 at one's house or place, with one, μένειν π. τισί [Refs 8th c.BC+ (9.427; θητευέμεν ἄλλῳ, ἀνδρὶ παρ᾽ ἀκλήρῳ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.490; φιλέεσθαι π. τινί 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.627)]; παρ᾽ ἑωυτοῖσι at their own house, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.105, compare 86; παιδευθῆναι π. τινί 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.2.15; καταλύειν π. τινί 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.82 (but παρά τινα καταλῦσαι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.136), etc.: hence οἱ παρ᾽ ἐμοί)] those of my household, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 2.7.4, etc.)]; τὰ παρ᾽ ἐμοί life with me, [Refs ([prev. author] “An.” 1.7.4)]; οἱ παρ᾽ ἡμῖν ἄνθρωποι our people, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 64b)]; ἡ παρ᾽ ἡμῖν πολιτεία, ὁ παρ᾽ ὑμῖν δῆμος, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 15.19)]; ὁ παρ᾽ αὑτῷ βίοτος one's own life, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 612; τὸ παρ᾽ ἡμῖν πῦρ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Philebus” 29f; ὅσος παρ᾽ ὑμῖν ὁ φθόνος φυλάσσεται 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 382; τὸ παρ᾽ ἡμῖν σῶμα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Philebus” 29f)]; also, in one's hands, τὰ π. τοῖς Ἑλληνοταμίαις ὄντα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“IG” 12.91.6; ἔχειν παρ᾽ ἑωυτῷ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.130, etc.)]; οὔπω παρ᾽ ἐμοὶ τότ᾽ ἦν λέγειν I had no right to speak then, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Ἐπιτρέποντες” 98.)]
B.II.3 before, in the presence of, ἤειδε π. μνηστῆρσιν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.154)]; before a judge, δίκας γίγνεσθαι π. τῷ πολεμάρχῳ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“IG” 12.16.9; π. Δαρείῳ κριτῇ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.160; π. τῷ βασιλέϊ [prev. author] 4.65; παρὰ δικασταῖς 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.73; εἰς κρίσιν καθιστάναι τινὰ π. τισί 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.13: hence παρ᾽ ἐμοί)] in my judgement, [NT+5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.32, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 589, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Heraclidae” 881, NT.1Cor.3.19)]; π. τούτῳ μέγα δυνήσεται with him, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 510e.)]
B.II.4 in quoting authors, παρ᾽ Ἐφόρῳ, παρ᾽ Αἰσχίνῃ, π. Θουκυδίδῃ, in Ephorus, etc., [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 9.2.4, 1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis “de Compositione Verborum” 9, 18.)]
B.III [Refs 4th c.AD+ (4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus, ={π})]. with genitive, from, καθὰ εἶχον τὰς ἰντολὰς π. τᾷ ἰδίᾳ πόλι [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“SIG” 559.9 (Megalopolis, 3rd c.BC), compare 558.10 (Ithaca, 3rd c.BC).)]
C WITH ACCU[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus in three main senses,)]
C.I beside, near, by,
C.II along,
C.III past, beyond.
C.I beside, near, by:
C.I.1 with Verbs of coming, going, etc., to the side of, to, ἴτην π. νῆας [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.347, compare 8.220, etc.; βῆ.. π. θῖνα 1.34, compare 327, etc.)]; τρέψας πὰρ ποταμόν to the side of.., [Refs (21.603, compare 3.187: more frequently of persons, εἶμι παρ᾽ Ἥφαιστον)]to the chamber of H.,[Refs 8th c.BC+ (18.143, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.285, etc.; ἐσιόντες π. τοὺς φίλους 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.51, etc.; φοιτᾶν π. τὸν Σωκράτη 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 59d)]; πέμπειν ἀγγέλους, πρέσβεις π. τινά, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.141, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.58, etc.; ἄγειν π. τινά 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.86; καταφυγὴ π. φίλων τινάς 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.17.)]
C.I.2 with Verbs of rest, beside, near, by, sometimes with reference to past motion (expressed in such phrases as ἧσο παρ᾽ αὐτὸν ἰοῦσα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.406, compare 11.577), ἔς ῥα θρόνους ἕζοντο παρ᾽ Ἀτρεΐδην Μενέλαον 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.51, compare 13.372)]; κεῖται ποταμοῖο παρ᾽ ὄχθας lies stretched beside.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.487, compare 12.381)]; παρ᾽ ἔμ᾽ ἵστασο come and stand by me, [Refs (11.314, compare 592, 20.49)], etc.; π. πυθμέν᾽ ἐλαίης θῆκαν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.122; καταθέτω π. τὰ ἴκρια “IG” 12.94.28)]; κοιμήσαντο π. πρυμνήσια they lay down by.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 12.32, compare 3.460; ὁ παρ᾽ ἐμὲ καθήμενος 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthydemus” 271b, compare “Phd.” 89b)]; ἐκάθητο π. τὴν πύλην, π. τὴν ὁδόν, [LXX+NT+8th c.BC+ (LXX.Gen.19.1, NT.Mark.10.46; παρ᾽ αὐτὸν τὸν καλέσαντα κατακείμενος δειπνῆσαι 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Characteres” 21.2, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 175c; ἐκαθέζετο π. τὸν Λύσιν [prev. author] “Ly.” 211a, compare “R.” 328c; στὰς παρ᾽ αὐτόν [prev. author] “Phd.” 116c; τέμενος νεμόμεσθα.. παρ᾽ ὄχθας 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 12.313, compare 6.34, “IG” 12.943.45; τοῦ Εὐρίπου, παρ᾽ ὃν ᾤκει 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 3.90; κατελείφθη π. τὸν νηόν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.87; τὴν παρ᾽ ἐμὲ ἐοῦσαν δύναμιν [prev. author] 8.140.ά (variant{ἐμοί}))]; εἶπεν αὐτῷ μένειν παρ᾽ ἑαυτόν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.4.18, compare “An.” 1.9.31, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Fragmenta” 451, 4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 8.16, 2nd c.AD: Alexander Rhetor 248, Demetr.Comedy texts Nov. 1.5, “IG” 22.654.23 (3rd c.BC), 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 3.26.1, 11.14.3, 28.14.3; ἡ π. θάλασσαν Μακεδονία 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.99, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 184 (Lyric poetry), “Tr.” 636 (Lyric poetry); Καρβασυανδῆς π. Καῦνον “IG” 12.204.52; τὸ κουρεῖον τὸ π. τοὺς Ἑρμᾶς 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 23.3, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 1.62, 4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 6.20, 8.35, 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 1.182, 3.88, 4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 112; τᾶς παστάδος τᾶς παρ᾽ Ἀπόλλωνα “IG” 42 (1).109 iii 146 (Epid.))]; παρ᾽ ὄμμα before one's eyes, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Supplices” 484)]; π. πόδας on the spot, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Philodemus Gadarensis Epigrammaticus “Ir.” p.78 W., “Rh.” 2.2 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus)]; immediately thereafter, [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 1.7.5, 1.8.2, +others)]
C.I.2.b Doric dialect, Boeotian dialect, and Thess., = above [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 11.2)], at the house of.., with a person, [Refs (“IG” 7.3171.7 (Orchom. _Boeotian dialect_), “GDI” 1717 (Delph.))]; παρ᾽ ἁμὲ πολυτίματος [ὁ σῖτος] [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 759 (Megarian dialect); τοῖς κατοικέντεσσι πὰρ ἀμμέ “IG” 9(2).517.18 (Larissa, 3rd c.BC); τοῖ πὰρ ἀμμὲ πολιτεύματος [prev. work]13; πεπολιτευκὼρ πὰρ ἁμέ “Schwyzer” 425.5 (Elis, 3rd-2nd c.BC): so in _Attic dialect_, θέμενος π. γυναῖκας)] depositing with.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 465c.)]
C.I.3 with Verbs of striking, wounding, etc., βάλε στῆθος π. μαζόν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.480, etc.; τὸν δ᾽ ἕτερον.. κληῗδα παρ᾽ ὦμον πλῆξε 5.146; τύψε κατὰ κληῗδα παρ᾽ αὐχένα 21.117, compare 4.525, 8.325, etc.)]; αἰχμὴ δ᾽ ἐξελύθη παρὰ νείατον ἀνθερεῶνα [Refs (5.293, compare 17.310; δησάμενος τελαμῶνι π. σφυρόν [prev. work] 290.)]
C.I.4 with Verbs of placing, examining, etc., side by side with.., ὁ ἔλεγχος π. τὸν ἔλεγχον παραβαλλόμενος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 475e, compare “Hp.Mi.” 369c, “Smp.” 214c, “R.” 348a; ἐξέτασον παρ᾽ ἄλληλα τὰ σοὶ κἀμοὶ βεβιωμένα 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.265; ἄλλα παρ᾽ ἄλλατιθέμενα.. τῶν χρωμάτων 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Meteorologica” 375a24.)]
C.I.4.b Geometry texts, παραβάλλειν π. apply an area to (i. e. along) a finite straight line, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Euclides Geometra 1.44, 3rd c.BC: Archimedes Geometra “περὶ ἰσορροπιῶν” 2.1; π. τὴν δοθεῖσαν αὐτοῦ γραμμὴν παρατείναντα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Meno” 87a)]; ἡ [εὐθεῖα] παρ᾽ ἣν δύνανται αἱ καταγόμεναι τεταγμένως the line to which are applied the squares of the or dinates, etc., [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Apollonius Biographus Perg. “Con.” 1.11: hence,)]
C.I.4.c Arith., παραβάλλειν τι π. τι divide by.. (see. παραβάλλω [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus VII. 2); μερίζω τι π. τι 3rd c.AD: Diophantus Mathematicus 4.33)]; ἐπὶ γ π. ί multiply by [Refs 6th c.AD+ (3 and divide by 10, “PLond.” 5.1718.2 (6th c.AD).)]
C.I.5 Geometry texts, parallel to.., [Refs 4th c.BC+ (3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 155, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Topica” 158b31, 3rd c.BC: Archimedes Geometra “Sph. Cyl.” 1.12, +others)]
C.I.6 metaphorically in Grammars, like, as a parody of.., π. τὸ Σοφόκλειον, π. τὰ ἐν Τεύκρῳ Σοφοκλέους, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (Scholia 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 1240, “Nu.” 584.)]
C.I.6.b Grammars, of words which differ as compared with other words, π. τὸ τοῦ ἔρωτος ὄνομα σμικρὸν παρηγμένον ἐστίν.. [τὸ ἥρως] [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 398d, compare 399a, “Lg.” 654a)]: hence, derived from.., π. τὸ ἔδαφος, δάπεδον, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus “de Pronominibus;” 31.16)]; π. τὸ δρῶ δρᾶμα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (Scholia 3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 2.624; σύγκειται [τὸ αὐθέντης] π. τὸ εἷναι.. καὶ π. τὸ αὐτός 2nd c.AD: Phrynichus Atticista “Praeparatio Sophistica” p.24 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus)]
C.I.7 generally, of Comparison, alongside of, compared with, usually implying superiority, δοκέοντες π. ταῦτα οὐδ᾽ ἂν τοὺς σοφωτάτους ἀνθρώπων Αἰγυπτίους οὐδὲν ἐπεξευρεῖν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.160, compare 7.20, 103; ἡλίου ἐκλείψεις αἳ πυκνότεραι π. τὰ ἐκ τοῦ πρὶν χρόνου μνημονευόμενα ξυνέβησαν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.23, compare 4.6; τῶν ἁπάντων ἀπερίοπτοί εἰσι π. τὸ νικᾶν [prev. author] 1.41; π. τὰ ἄλλα ζῷα ὥσπερ θεοὶ ἄνθρωποι βιοτεύουσι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.4.14; φαίνεται π. τὸ ἀλγεινὸν ἡδὺ καὶ π. τὸ ἡδὺ ἀλγεινὸν ἡ ἡσυχία 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 584a, compare “Phdr.” 236d, “La.” 183c, +others; εὐδαίμων μᾶλλον π. πάντας “BCH” 26.332 (from Halae))]; προετέρει π. πάντας [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“PSI” 4.422.34 (3rd c.BC): sometimes implying inferiority or defect, ἠλάττωσας αὐτὸν βραχύ τι παρ᾽ ἀγγέλους)] a little lower than the angels, [LXX (LXX.Psa.8.6)]; μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ ὑστεροῦσι π. τὸν ἥλιον lag one day behind the sun, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Geminus Astronomicus 8.19)]; so perhaps παρ᾽ αὐτόν, ὑπὲρ αὐτόν (has passed the ball?) short of him, beyond him, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Antiphanes Comicus 234)]; μέγα τοι ἡμέρα παρ᾽ ἡμέραν γιγνομένη γνώμην ἐξ ὀργῆς μεταστῆσαι one day compared with another is important.., a day's delay makes a difference, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.72)]; τί γὰρ παρ᾽ ἦμαρ ἡμέρα τέρπειν ἔχει προσθεῖσα κἀναθεῖσα τοῦ γε κατθανεῖ; what joy has one day compared with another to offer, since it only brings us nearer to, or farther from, death (which is neither good nor evil)? [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 475)]; ὃς μὲν κρίνει (prefers) ἡμέραν παρ᾽ ἡμέραν, ὃς δὲ κρίνει (approves) πᾶσαν ἡμέραν [NT (NT.Rom.14.5.)]
C.I.8 with Verbs of estimating, to set at so and so much, hence π. = equivalent to.., ταρβῶ μὴ.. θῆται παρ᾽ οὐδὲν τὰς ἐμὰς ἐπιστολάς set at nought, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Taurica” 732, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 229 (Lyric poetry); παρ᾽ οὐδὲν ἄγειν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 35)]; π. μικρὸν ἡγεῖσθαι or ποιεῖσθαί τι hold of small account, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 5.79, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 61.51; παρ᾽ ὀλίγον ποιεῖσθαί τινα 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 6.6.11)]; so with εἶναι, etc., παρ᾽ οὐδέν ἐστι are as nothing, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 983, compare “Ant.” 466; παρ᾽ οὐδὲν αὐταῖς ἦν ἂν ὀλλύναι πόσεις 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 569; οὐ π. μέγα ἔσεσθαι τὸ πταῖσμα 2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus “Anabasis” 1.18.6)]; so perhaps π. σμικρὰ κεχώρηκε have turned out of little account, have amounted to little, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.120.)]
C.I.8.b in Accountancy, without a verb, π. τὴν καταλλαγήν on account of κ., [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“PHib.” 1.100.4 (3rd c.BC).)]
C.I.9 of correspondence, ὀφείλειν στατῆρα π. στατῆρα stater for stater (one to each of two creditors), [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“BCH” 50.214 (Thasos, 5th c.BC))]; πληγὴν π. πληγὴν ἑκάτερον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 643)]; συνεῖναι ἑκατέρῳ ἡμέραν παρ᾽ ἡμέραν stayed day for day with each, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 59.46)]; hence of alternation, ποιεῖσθαι ἁγνείας καὶ θυσίας δύο π. δύο, of four priests acting two and two alternately, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (“BGU” 1198.12 (1st c.BC))]; τοῦ καθημερινοῦ ἢ μίαν π. μίαν (i.e. ἡμέραν) [πυρετοῦ] quotidian or tertian fever, [Refs 3rd c.AD+ ([prev. work] 956.3 (3rd c.AD): sometimes without doubling of the Noun, παρ᾽ ἡμέρην, opposed to καθ᾽ ἡμέρην,)]tertian, opposed to quotidian, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “ἀφορισμοί” 1.12)]; καθ᾽ ἡμέραν, παρ᾽ ἡμέραν, π. δύο, π. τρεῖς every day, every second day, every third (fourth) day, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus “Epicteti Dissertationes” 2.18.13)]; π. μίαν every second day, [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 3.110.4)]; παρ᾽ ἐνιαυτόν every second year, [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Cleomenes” 15)]; παρ᾽ ἔτος year and year about, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Generatione Animalium” 757a7)]; every second year, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Pausanias Periegeta 8.15.2)]; π. μέρος by turns (see. μέρος[Refs 1st c.AD+ (II. 2); ὁ ἀνὰ μέρος παρ᾽ ἓξ μῆνας ὑπὲρ γῆν τε καὶ ὑπὸ γῆν γινόμενος Ἄδωνις 1st c.AD: Cornutus Philosophus “de Natura Deorum” 28)]; π. μῆνα τρίτον every third month, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 582b4, compare 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.942e)]; but π. τρία [ἔτεα] probably every fourth year, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (“IG” 5(2).422 (from Phigalea), compare 2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus “Epict.”)][same place]; ἕνα παρ᾽ ἕνα παραλειπτέον every second one, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Nicomachus Gerasenus Mathematicus “Arithmetica Introductio” 1.18)]; ἕνα π. δύο (τρεῖς) every third (fourth) one, [Refs ([prev. passage])]; παρὰ δ᾽ ἄλλαν ἄλλα μοῖρα διώκει now one now another, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Heraclidae” 611.)]
C.I.10 precisely at the moment of, παρ᾽ αὐτὰ τἀδικήματα flagrante delicto, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.13, 21.26; ἀποδώσω π. τὸν εὔθυνον τὸ καθῆκον “IG” 12.188.31)]; π. τοιοῦτον καιρόν, π. τὰς χρείας, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 20.41,46)]; π. τὰ δεινά in the midst of danger, [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Antonius” 63; π. τὴν πρώτην γένεσιν 4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Orationes” 1.10b)]; π. τὴν πρώτην (i.e. ἐπίθεσιν) at the first attack, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (3rd c.AD: Heliodorus Scriptor Eroticus 9.2; π. γε τὴν πρώτην ὁρμήν 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “De Natura Animalium - Ar.Byzantine Epit.” 14.10.)]
C.I.10.b distributively, whether of Time, π. τὰ ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτεα in each complete period of seventy years, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.32; ἐν ταῖς ὁδοιπορίαις π. στάδια διακόσια.. τοῖς ἑκατὸν σταδίοις διήνεγκαν ἀλλήλων 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Oeconomicus” 20.18)]; πὰρ Ϝέτος each year, every year, [Refs (“Tab.Heracl.” 1.101; π. τὸν ἐνιαυτὸν ἕκαστον “IG” 12(7).5.14 (from Amorgos))]; παρ᾽ ἆμάρ τε καὶ νύκτα day and night, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus “fragment” 7)]; or more generally, πὰρ τὰν ἐλαίαν in respect of each olive plant, [Refs (“Tab.Heracl.” 1.122)]; παρ᾽ ἡμέραν αἱ ἀμίαι πολὺ ἐπιδήλως αὐξάνονται from day to day, per day, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 571a21; τὸ παρ᾽ ἑκάστην βάσιν γινόμενον μικρὸν πολὺ γίνεται π. πολλάς [prev. author] “Pr.” 881b26; ἡ παρ᾽ ἡμέραν χάρις 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 8.70; τὸ παρ᾽ ἑκάστην ἡμέραν ἡδύ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 705a.)]
C.I.10.c παρ᾽ ἆμαρ on (this) day, to-day, τὸ μὲν πὰρ ἆμαρ, τὸ δέ.. to-day and to-morrow, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 11.63)]; but παρ᾽ ἦμαρ to-morrow, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1455 (Lyric poetry).)]
C.I.10.d throughout a period of time, π. τὴν ζόην [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.46; π. τὸν βίον ἅπαντα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 733a; π. πάντα τὸν χρόνον 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.10)]; also more loosely, during, π. τὴν πόσιν while they were drinking, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.121. ; π. τὸν πότον 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 2.156; π. τὴν κύλικα 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Antonius” 24)]; π. δεῖπνον or π. τὸ δεῖπνον, [Refs ([prev. author] 2.737a,674f.)]
C.II along, ὄνος παρ᾽ ἄρουραν ἰών [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.558; βῆ δὲ θέειν π. τεῖχος 12.352; π. ῥόον Ὠκεανοῖο ᾔομεν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.21; ἔπλεον π. τὴν ἤπειρον 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.193; π. πᾶσαν τὴν ὁδόν 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 4.148)]; ὀρθὴν παρ᾽ οἶμον.. τύμβον κατόψει straight along the road, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 835; παρ᾽ ὅλην τὴν φάραγγα 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 10.30.3; παρ᾽ αὐτὴν τὴν χαράδραν παραπορευομένων [prev. work] 9; for παραβάλλειν π., see above with 1.4b.)]
C.II.2 strictly according to, without deviating from, εἶμι π. στάθμην ὀρθὴν ὁδόν [Refs 6th c.BC+ (6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 945, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 474.5)]; ὠμοί τε δούλοις πάντα καὶ π. στάθμην, i.e. too strict, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1045)]; π. τὸν λόγον ὃν ἀποφέρουσιν.. ἐπιδείξω I will prove to you strictly according to the accounts which they themselves submit, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 27.34.)]
C.III past, beyond, παρὰ σκοπιὴν καὶ ἐρινεὸν ἠνεμόεντα.. ἐσσεύοντο [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.145, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.172, 24.12; βῆ δὲ π. Κρουνούς “hymnus ad Apollinem” 425)]; π. τὴν Βαβυλῶνα παριέναι pass by Babylon, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.2.29)]; παρ᾽ αὐτὴν τὴν χύτραν ἄκραν ὁρῶντες looking over the edge of.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 390.)]
C.III.2 metaphorically, over and above, in addition to, οὐκ ἔστι π. ταῦτ᾽ ἄλλα [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Nu.” 698; π. ταῦτα πάντα ἕτερόν τι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 74a, compare “R.” 337d, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.139, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 1.5.5)]; ἑκὼν ἐπόνει π. τοὺς ἄλλους more than the others, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Ages.” 5.3, compare “Mem.” 4.4.1, “Oec.” 20.16; ἃ τῷ ῥαψῳδῷ προσήκει καὶ σκοπεῖσθαι καὶ διακρίνειν π. τοὺς ἄλλους ἀνθρώπους 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Ion” 539e.)]
C.III.3 metaphorically, in excess over, πὰρ δύναμιν beyond one's strength, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.787, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.70, 4th c.BC: Hyperides Orator “pro Lycophrone” 16, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica ad Alexandrum” 1423b29; π. τὴν δ. [prev. author] “Po.” 1451b38.)]
C.III.4 metaphorically, in transgression or violation of, π. μοῖραν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.509; π. μοῖραν Δίος 7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus “Supp.” 14.10)]; παρ᾽ αἶσαν, παρὰ δίκαν, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 8.13, “O.” 2.16, etc.; π. τὸ δίκαιον 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.90, etc.)]; π. τὰς σπονδάς, τὸν νόμον, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 1.67, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 1.7.14; π. φύσιν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.17, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 747b)]; π. τὴν στήλην probably in [Refs (“IG” 12.45.20)]; π. καιρόν out of season, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 8.24, etc.)]; π. γνώμαν[Refs 4th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 12.10, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 454)]; π. δόξαν, π. τὸ δοκοῦν ἡμῖν, π. λόγον, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.93, 1.84, 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 2.38.5)]; παρ᾽ ἐλπίδα or ἐλπίδας, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 899, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 392, etc.)]; πὰρ μέλος out of tune, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 7.69; π. τὴν ἀξίαν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.77, etc.)]; π. τὸ εἰωθός, τὸ καθεστηκός, [Refs ([prev. author] 4.17, 1.98.)]
C.III.5 π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε κινδύνου, ={παρῆλθε τοσοῦτον κινδύνου}, passed over so much ground within the sphere of danger, i.e. incurred such imminent peril, [Refs ([prev. author] 3.49, compare 7.2)]; in such phrases the tmesis was forgotten, and the accusative came to be governed by παρά, which thus came to mean 'by such and such a margin', 'with so much to spare', ἐνίκησαν π. πολύ, ἡσσηθέντες π. πολύ, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 1.29, 2.89, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 36a)]; παρὰ δ᾽ ὀλίγον ἀπέφυγες only just, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Taurica” 870 (Lyric poetry); παρ᾽ ὀλίγον ἢ διέφευγον ἢ ἀπώλλυντο 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.71)]; δεινότατον π. πολύ by far, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 445)]; παρ᾽ ὅσον quatenus, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Nec.” 17, etc.)]; π. δύο ψήφους ἀπέφυγε by two votes, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Hyperides Orator “pro Euxenippo” 28, compare 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 23.205; π. τέτταρας ψήφους μετέσχε τῆς πόλεως 4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 3.37)]; π. τοσοῦτον ἐγένετο αὐτῷ μὴ περιπεσεῖν by so much (= little) he missed falling in with.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.33; π. πέντε ναῦς πλέον ἀνδρὶ ἑκάστῳ ἢ τρεῖς ὀβολοὶ ὡμολογήθησαν [prev. work] 29)]; οὐ π. μικρὸν ἐποίησαν they made no little difference, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 4.59.)]
C.III.5.b in phrases like{π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε κινδύνου, τοσοῦτον} was sometimes understood of the interval from danger, etc., and παρά came to mean 'by so much short of' (τὸ π. μικρὸν ὥσπερ οὐδὲν ἀπέχειν δοκεῖ [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Physica” 197a29))], within such and such a distance of, so near to, τὴν Ἠϊόνα π. νύκτα ἐγένετο (i.e. αὐτῷ) λαβεῖν he was within one night of taking [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.106)]; π. μικρὸν ἦλθον ἀποθανεῖν I came within a little of.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 19.22, compare 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 1.43.7, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Caesar” 39)]; παρ᾽ ἐλάχιστον ἦλθε.. ἀφελέσθαι was within an ace of taking away, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.76)]; παρ᾽ οὐδὲν μὲν ἦλθον ἀποκτεῖναι (were within a mere nothing, within an ace of killing him), ἐξεκήρυξαν δ᾽ ἐκ πόλεως [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 3.258, compare 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Pyrrhus” 14, “Alex.” 62)]; π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε διαφυγεῖν so near he came to escaping, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Cat.” 4; παρὰ ἓν πάλαισμα ἔδραμε νικᾶν Ὀλυμπιάδα 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.33; παρ᾽ οὐδὲν ἐλθόντες τοῦ ἀποβαλεῖν 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 1.45.14, compare 2.55.4, 1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 17.42: hence without ἐγένετο or ἐλθεῖν, π. μίαν μονάδα (less))] by one, i.e. less one, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Nicomachus Gerasenus Mathematicus “Arithmetica Introductio” 1.8)]; τεσσαράκοντα π. μίαν, =[NT (39, NT.2Cor.11.24)]; παρ᾽ ἕνα τοσοῦτοι the same number less one, [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Publicola” 9)]; σύ μοι παρ᾽ ἕνα ἥκεις ἄγων you have brought me one too few, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Cat.” 4; δύναται π. δύο συλλαβὰς εἶναι τὸ καταληκτόν 7th c.AD: Hephaestio Grammaticus 4.2)]; τὰ ὁλοκόττινα ηὑρέθησαν π. ἑπτὰ κεράτια seven carats short, [Refs 6th c.AD+ (PMasp. 70.2 (6th c.AD))]; πάντες παρ᾽ ἕνα, πάντες παρ᾽ ὀλίγους, all save one (a few), [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Cat.Mi.” 20, “Ant.” 5; ἔτη δύο π. ἡμέρας δύο “IG” 5(1).801 (from Laconia))]; of one Μάρκος, θηρίον εἶ π. γράμμα you are a bear (ἄρκος) all but a letter, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (“Anthologia Graeca” 11.231 (2nd c.AD: Ammianus Epigrammaticus))]; ὡς π. τι καὶ τὰς ὄψεις ἀφανίσαι so that he all but (literal less something) lost his sight, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Vettius Valens Astrologus 228.6)]; π. τι βυθίζεσθαι variant in [NT (NT.Luke.5.7)]; τὸ π. τοῦτο the figure less that, i.e. the remainder or difference, [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (PTeb. 99.10 (2nd c.BC),compare “POxy.” 264.4 (1st c.AD), “PAmh.” 2.148.5 (5th c.AD))]; hence of any difference whether of excess or defect, οὐδὲν π. τοῦτο ποιούμενοι τοὺς.. Λευκανούς τε καὶ τοὺς.. Σαυνίτας making no difference between.., [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Strabo Geographus 6.1.3, compare 14.5.11, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.24c.)]
C.III.6 hence of the margin by which anything increases or decreases, and so of the cause according to which anything comes into existence or varies, τὸ εὖ π. μικρὸν διὰ πολλῶν ἀριθμῶν γίνεται [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Polyclitus Philosophus 2 (compare μικρός III. 5 c))]; διαφέρει π. τὰς τῶν παθημάτων ἐναντιώσεις according to.., [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 486b5; μεταπίπτει π. τὰ κλίματα 1st c.BC: Geminus Astronomicus 5.29, compare 11.5, +others)]; π. τὰ πράγματα conjecture in [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Apollodorus Carystius Comicus 11.)]
C.III.7 more generally of the margin by which an event occurs, i.e. of the necessary and sufficient cause or motive (τὸ μὴ π. τοῦτο γίνεσθαι τότε λέγομεν, ὅταν ἀναιρεθέντος τούτου μηδὲν ἧττον περαίνηται ὁ συλλογισμός [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Analytica Priora” 65b6, compare 48a24, +others), κεινὰν π. δίαιταν)] just for the sake of unsatisfying food, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 2.65)]; ἕκαστος οὐ π. τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἀμέλειαν οἴεται βλάψειν each thinks that his own negligence will not suffice to cause injury, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.141, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 3.48)]; π. τὴν αὑτοῦ ἁμαρτίαν all through his own fault, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 3.4.5, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 6.52, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 4.11, 18.232)]; πολλὰ.. ἐστιν αἴτια τούτων, καὶ οὐ παρ᾽ ἓν οὐδὲ δύ᾽ εἰς τοῦτο τὰ πράγματ᾽ ἀφῖκται not from one or two causes only, [Refs ([prev. author] 9.2)]; οὐ π. τοῦτο οὐκ ἔστι it does not follow that it is not.., [NT (NT.1Cor.12.15)]; π. τὸ τὴν ἀρίθμησιν ποιήσασθαι ἐξ ἑτοίμου τοὺς ἐργώνας οὐκ ὀλίγα χρήματα περιεποίησε τῇ πόλει by the simple fact of prompt payment, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“IPE” 12.32 B 35 (Olbia, 3rd c.BC))]; οὐδὲν ἂν παρ᾽ ἕνα ἄνθρωπον ἐγένετο τούτων [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 63, compare 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 3.103.2, 18.28.6, +others)]; οὐδεὶς παρ᾽ ἑαυτόν ἐστι βασιλεύς thanks to himself alone,[Refs 5th c.BC+ (Aristeas 224; παρ᾽ αὑτὸν ἀτυχεῖ 2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus “Epicteti Dissertationes” 3.24.2, compare 1st c.BC: Philodemus Gadarensis Epigrammaticus “Rh.” 2.16 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus; παρ᾽ ἡμᾶς ἡ τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀπόστασις 5th c.AD: Hierocles Platonicus Philosophus “in Carmen Aureum - FPG” 25p.477M.)]; εἶναι π. τοῦτο σωτηρίαν τε πόλει καὶ τοὐναντίον, i.e. on this depends.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 715d, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitum magistro” 1.5, 2nd-3rd c.AD: Dio Cassius Historicus “fragment” 36.5; π. μίαν ἡμέραν καὶ ἓν πρᾶγμα καὶ ἀπόλλυται προκοπὴ καὶ σῴζεται 1st-2nd c.AD: Epictetus Philosophus “Enchiridion” 51.2)]; π. τὸ Ἕλληνά με εἶναι just because I am a Greek, [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (“UPZ” 7.13 (2nd c.BC))]; π. τὸ ἀγαπᾶν αὐτὸν αὐτήν [LXX (LXX.Gen.29.20, cf. LXX.Exo.14.11)]; later more loosely, because of.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Philodemus Gadarensis Epigrammaticus “Rh.” 1.158 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus, 1st c.BC: Geminus Astronomicus 6.24, etc.)]; οὐδὲν π. σὲ γέγονε it is no fault of yours, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (“PRyl.” 243.6 (2nd c.AD),compare “POxy.” 1420.7 (2nd c.AD).)]
C.III.8 of a limit of possibility, εἴπερ ἐνεδέχετο π. τοὺς παρόντας καιρούς [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.239)]; πεῖσαι τό γε παρ᾽ αὑτόν to persuade (the judges) so far as in you lies, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus “Epicteti Dissertationes” 2.2.20)]; οἴμωζε παρ᾽ ἐμέ as far as I am concerned, for all I care, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 846.)]
D POSITION: παρά may follow its substantive in all three cases, but then becomes by anastrophe πάρα: when the ultima is elided, the practice varies, τῇσι παρ᾽ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.400; but Ἡφαίστοιο πάρ᾽ [prev. work] 191.)]
E παρά absolutely, as adverb., near, together, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.611, +others, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 201 (Lyric poetry).)]
F πάρα (with anastrophe) stands for πάρεστι and πάρεισι, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.174, 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 454, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 167, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.42, +others, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 285, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 862, etc.)]
G IN COMPOSITION (joined with other words),
G.I alongside of, beside, of rest, παράκειμαι, παράλληλοι, παρέζομαι, πάρειμι (εἰμί), παρίστημ; of motion, παραπλέω, πάρειμι (εἶμι).
G.II to the side of, to, παραδίδωμι, παρέχω.
G.III to one side of, by, past, παρέρχομαι, παροίχομαι, παραπέμπω, παρακμάζω, παρατρέχω.
G.IV metaphorically,
G.IV.1 aside or beyond, i.e. amiss, wrong, παραβαίνω, παράγω, παροράω, παρορκέω, παρακούω, παραγιγνώσκω.
G.IV.2 of comparison, as in παραβάλλω, παρατίθημι.
G.IV.3 of alteration or change, as in παραλλάσσω, παραπείθω, παραπλάσσω, παρατεκταίνω, παραυδάω, παράφημι.
G.IV.4 of a side-issue, παραπόλλυμι. (Cogn. with Gothic faúr 'along', Latin por-.)