Strong G2413ἱερός
sacré
- Translittération
- hieros
- Prononciation
- hee-er-os'
- Morphologie
- adjectif grec
Définition
- sacré, consacré à une divinité, appartenant à Dieu.
- Écritures sacrées, car inspirées par Dieu, relatant les choses divines, et devant donc être respectées avec dévotion.
Définition détaillée
ἱερός, -ά, όν
[dans la LXX : Eze.28:18 (מִקְדָּשׁ) ; τό ἱ, 1Ch.29:4 (בַּיִת), Eze.45:19 (עֲזָרָה) ; très fréquemment dans I Est.1:1-58 -4 Mac ;]
1. chez Hom., merveilleux, puissant, divin.
2. (Également chez Hom. et, plus tard, en gr. cl.) consacré à la divinité, sacré: plur., ἱ. γράμματα, 2Ti.3:15.
3. Comme subst.,
__(a) (ainsi chez Hom.), τὰ ἱ., sacrifices, rites sacrés, choses sacrées: 1Co.9:13 ;
__(b) plus tard, τὸ ἱ.,., un lieu consacré ou sacré, un temple: τ. Ἀρτέμιδος, Act.19:27 ; du temple de Jérusalem, c.-à-d. l'ensemble de son enceinte ou une partie de celle-ci (par opposition à ὁ ναός, voir ce mot, le sanctuaire proprement dit) : 1Co.9:13, et fréquemment dans les Évang. et surtout dans Ac, Mat.12:6, Mrk.13:3, Act.4:1, al. (sur l'emploi de ἱ. à l'époque impériale, voir Deiss., LAE, 380 s.)
(AS)
[dans la LXX : Eze.28:18 (מִקְדָּשׁ) ; τό ἱ, 1Ch.29:4 (בַּיִת), Eze.45:19 (עֲזָרָה) ; très fréquemment dans I Est.1:1-58 -4 Mac ;]
1. chez Hom., merveilleux, puissant, divin.
2. (Également chez Hom. et, plus tard, en gr. cl.) consacré à la divinité, sacré: plur., ἱ. γράμματα, 2Ti.3:15.
3. Comme subst.,
__(a) (ainsi chez Hom.), τὰ ἱ., sacrifices, rites sacrés, choses sacrées: 1Co.9:13 ;
__(b) plus tard, τὸ ἱ.,., un lieu consacré ou sacré, un temple: τ. Ἀρτέμιδος, Act.19:27 ; du temple de Jérusalem, c.-à-d. l'ensemble de son enceinte ou une partie de celle-ci (par opposition à ὁ ναός, voir ce mot, le sanctuaire proprement dit) : 1Co.9:13, et fréquemment dans les Évang. et surtout dans Ac, Mat.12:6, Mrk.13:3, Act.4:1, al. (sur l'emploi de ἱ. à l'époque impériale, voir Deiss., LAE, 380 s.)
(AS)
Dans la Bible
Strong G2413 apparaît dans 2 versets de la LSG.
Traduit dans la LSG par
- sacré1
- saint1
Premiers versets
- 1 Corinthiens 9:13Ne savez-vous pas que ceux qui remplissent les fonctions sacrées sont nourris par le temple, que ceux qui servent à l’autel ont part à l’autel ?
- 2 Timothée 3:15dès ton enfance, tu connais les saintes lettres, qui peuvent te rendre sage à salut par la foi en Jésus-Christ.
Répartition par livre
Mots liés
Dictionnaire grec détaillé
ἱερός
(pour ἱερὸν voir III.2), ά, όν, également ός, όν dans l’expression ἱερὸς ἀκτή [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 597, 805, Oracle texts cited in 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.77)]: dialecte ionien et poésie ἱρός, ή, όν (voir l’article vers la fin) : dialecte dorien et grec septentrional ἱᾰρός [Refs (“IG” 22.1126.20, etc.)]: dialecte éolien ἶρος [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica “Papyrus fragments” in E. Diehl, 23.25, 7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus “Supp.” 8.4)], mais ἴαρος (forme corrélée de ἴερ-) [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica “Papyrus fragments” in E. Diehl, 20a. 6)]: superlatif ἱερώτατος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 582 (Lyric poetry), 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 755e.)]
I rempli de ou manifestant une puissance divine, surnaturel, ἱ. ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.409, +others; ἱ. μένος Ἀλκινόοιο 8.421, etc.)]; ἄλφιτον, ἀλωαί, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.631, 5.499; Δημήτερος ἱερὸς ἀκτή 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Op.” I [prev. cited])]; à propos d’objets ou de phénomènes naturels, de fleuves, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.351, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.726, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 410 (Lyric poetry))]; λιβάς, à propos du Sperchios, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1215 (Lyric poetry))]; ἱεραὶ βῆσσαι Κίρκης « féeriques », [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.275)]; ἱ. ἦμαρ, κνέφας, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.66, 11.194; φάος 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 339)]; ἱερὸς δίφρος (où δ. désigne peut-être ἵπποι) [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.464; after 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, ἱ. χεῦμα θαλάσσης 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Fragmenta - American Journal of Philology” 192 (_anapaest meter_); ἱ. κῦμα 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 1206, compare “Cyc.” 265; ὄμβρος 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1428; δρόσοι 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 117 (Lyric poetry))]; ὕπνος, à propos de la mort, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Epigrammata” 11)]; ἔστι μὲν οὐδὲν ἱ. ce n’est pas une affaire importante, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 5.22.)]
II à propos des choses divines, saint, ἱεροῖς ἐν δώμασι Κίρκης [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.426; ἱ. γένος ἀθανάτων 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Theogonia” 21; λέχος, of Zeus, [prev. work] 57)]; δόσις, don de Dieu, [Refs ([prev. work] 93)]; πόλεμος, guerre sainte, « croisade », [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 556, etc.)]
II.2 à propos des choses terrestres, sanctifié, consacré, βωμοί [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.305)]; ἱ. δόμος, à propos du temple d’Athéna, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (6.89; ἱ. ἑκατόμβη 1.99, 431, etc.; ἐλαίη 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.372; χοαί 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 469, etc.)]; ἱρὰ γράμματα hiéroglyphes, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.36)]; mais ἱ. γράμματα à propos des « Saintes Écritures », [NT (NT.2Tim.3.15)]; ἱ. βύβλοι [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“OGI” 56.70 (Canopus, 3rd c.BC))]; ἱ. ἄγαλμα, τρίπους, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1379, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 512, etc.; χρήματα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 568d, etc.; ἱ. τὸ σῶμα τῷ θεῷ δίδωμ᾽ ἔχειν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 1285)]; ἱ. σώματα, à propos des ἱερόδουλοι, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Strabo Geographus 6.2.6; χῆνες 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.325c)]; à propos d’animaux considérés comme « tabous », [κριοί] εἰσί σφι ἱ. διὰ τοῦτο [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.42; so perhaps ἱ. ἰχθύς 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.407)]; à propos des tribuns romains, = latin sacrosanctus, ἱ. καὶ ἄσυλος [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Tiberius Gracchus” 15, etc.)]; à propos d’Auguste, [Refs (“Mon.Anc.Gr.” 5.17)]; ἱ. νόμος, loi sacrificielle, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.35, compare “SIG” 685.81 (2nd c.BC))]; ἱ. λόγος, légende, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.81, etc.; οἱ παλαιοὶ καὶ ἱ. λόγοι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Epistulae” 335a)]; ἱ. γάμος, mariage mystique, cérémonie religieuse, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 320, 9th c.AD: Photius Legal icographus, etc.)] voir l’article ; opposé à βέβηλος, comme le sacré au profane, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis 7.8, “Anecdota Graeca - Bekker” 223; but more frequently ἱ. καὶ ὅσιος 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.52, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Vectigalibus” 5.4, etc.)]; comparer ὅσιος.
II.3 sous la protection divine, fréquemment à propos de lieux, Ἴλιος [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.648, 7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus “Supp.” 8.4; Πύλος 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.108; Θήβη 7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica “Papyrus fragments” in E. Diehl, 20a. 6)]; Τροίης ἱερὸν πτολίεθρον, Τροίης ἱερὰ κρήδεμνα, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.2, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.100; Ἀθῆναι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.323, compare 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “Fragmenta.” 75, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1221 (Lyric poetry), Ps.-Oracle texts cited in 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 1037; Σούνιον ἱρόν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.278)]; ἱ. κύκλος, siège du juge sous la protection de Zeus, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.504: with _genitive_ of the divinity, ἄλσος ἱρὸν Ἀθηναίης, ἄντρον ἱρὸν νυμφάων, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.322, 13.104, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.80, 2.41, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 937, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 5.3.13, etc.; γῆ καὶ ἑστία ἱερὰ πᾶσι πάντων θεῶν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 955e)]; χωρίον ὡς -ώτατον[Refs ([prev. work] 755e, compare “Ti.” 45a)]; avec le génitif d’un être humain, Γναθίου.. ἱ. εἰμι [Refs (“IG” 12.920.)]
II.3.b à propos de personnes, φυλάκων ἱ. τέλος [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.56; ἱ. πυλαωροί 24.681; στρατός 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 24.81; βασιλέες 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 5.97)]; ἱ. εὐσεβής τε, à propos d’Œdipe, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 287)]; ἅνθρωπος ἱ. initié, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 652)]; avec le génitif d’une divinité, voué, consacré, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 75, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 85b.)]
II.3.c sous l’Empire romain, = sacer, impérial, ἐκ τῶν ἱερῶν τοῦ Καίσαρος γραμμάτων [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (“IGRom.” 4.571 (Aezani, 2nd c.AD); ὁ -ώτατος φίσκος, τὸ -ώτατον ταμιεῖον, [prev. work]3.727 (from Lycia), “SIG” 888.10 (Scaptopara, 3rd c.AD))], etc. ; τὸ -ώτατον βῆμα (à propos du praefectus Aegypti), [Refs 1st c.AD+ (“PHamb.” 4.8 (1st c.AD))]: généralement, vénérable, ἱ. σύνοδος [Refs 3rd c.AD+ (“OGI” 713.9 (Egypt, 3rd c.AD), etc.)]
III comme substantif,
III.1 ἱερά, dialecte ionien ἱρά, τά, offrandes, victimes, ἱερὰ ῥέξας [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.147, etc.; ἔρδειν 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 336; διδόναι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 16.184; ἀλλ᾽ ὅ γε δέκτο μὲν ἱρά 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.420, compare 23.207: less frequently in _sing._, ὄφρ᾽ ἱρὸν ἑτοιμασσαίατ᾽ Ἀθήνῃ 10.571; θῦσαι ἱρά 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.59, 8.54, etc.; θυσίας καὶ ἱρὰ ποιέειν [prev. author] 2.63; αἴθειν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1033; ἱ. πατρῷα 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 1015; ἱ. ἐπιχώρια 3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 259.)]
III.1.b après [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)], présages fournis par le sacrifice, τὰ ἱρὰ οὐ προεχώρεε χρηστά [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.44)]; τὰ ἱερὰ καλὰ [ἦν] [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.8.15; simply οὐκ ἐγίγνετο τὰ ἱ. [prev. work] 2.2.3.)]
III.1.c généralement, objets sacrés ou rites, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.172, 4.33; τῶν ὑμετέρων ἱ. καὶ κοινῶν μετεῖχον 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 57.3)]; à propos d’images cultuelles, IG Rom.[Refs (3.800 (syllium).)]
III.2 après [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)], ἱερόν, dialecte ionien ἱρόν, τό, lieu saint, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.119, +others)]; opposé à νηός, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 2.170, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.90, 5.18)]; fréquemment à propos d’un temple, ἔστι δὲ ἐν τῷ τεμένεϊ.. ἱρόν κτλ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.112)]; à propos du temple juif, [LXX+2nd c.BC+ (LXX.1Ch.29.4, 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 16.39.4, 1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Strabo Geographus 16.2.34, NT.Matt.24.1.)]
III.3 ἱερὸν τῆς δίκης, principe sacré du droit, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Helena” 1002.)]
III.4 ἱερός, ὁ (c’est-à-dire μήν), nom d’un mois à Délos, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“IG” 12.377.22, 11(2).203 A 31 (3rd c.BC).)]
III.5 ἱεροί, οἱ, membres d’un collège ou d’une confrérie religieuse, [Refs 1st c.BC+ ([prev. work]5(1).1390.1, +others (Andania, 1st c.BC), probably in “SIG” 1010.7 (from Chalcedon))], etc. ; également à propos de femmes, ἱεραί, αἱ, [Refs (“IG” 5(1). [same place], compare 1511 (from Sparta).)]
III.5.b = {ἱερόδουλος}, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 1356 (Messenia, 5th c.BC), “Inscription Perg.” 572, “GDI” 5702.39 (from Samos).)]
IV locutions particulières, postérieures à [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus,)]
IV.1 proverbial, ἱ. ἄγκυρα, le dernier espoir, [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.815d, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “JTr.” 51, “Fug.” 13, 2nd c.AD(?): Pollianus Epigrammaticus 1.93, 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 11.182.)]
IV.2 ἱ. βόλος, nom d’un coup aux dés, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Eubulus Comicus 57.1.)]
IV.3 ἱ. βοτάνη, voir {βοτάνη}.
IV.4 ἱ. (c’est-à-dire γραμμή) [Refs (compare (γραμμή 111.1))], dernière ligne du damier, κινήσαις τὸν ἀπ᾽ ἴρας.. λίθον [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus 82, compare 5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus 225, 5th c.BC: Sophron Comicus 127)]; τὴν ἀφ᾽ ἱερᾶς (variante {τὴν ἱεράν}) [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Coriolanus” 32.)]
IV.5 ἱ. ἰχθύς, = ἀνθίας, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 620b35, compare 2nd c.AD: Athenaeus Epigrammaticus 7.282e, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.981d.)]
IV.6 ἱ. λόχος, voir {λόχος}.
IV.7 ἱερά (c’est-à-dire νίκη), ἡ, concours nul, ex æquo (parce que le prix était attribué au dieu), [Refs 6th c.AD+ (“SIG” 1073.48 (6th c.AD: Olympiodorus Philosophus); ποιῆσαι ἱεράν, of the competitor, Wood “Ephesus, App.” vi p.70; so ἱ. ἀθλήματα “Inscription Olymp.” 56; ἱερὸς ὁ στέφανος ἐκρίθη “IG” 9(2).525 (from Larissa); τὸ παγκράτιον ἱ. ἐγένετο [prev. work]527 ([prev. passage]); ἱερός (i.e. ἀγών) [prev. work]7.2727.19, 24 (Acraeph.): _metaphorically_, ἱερὸν ποιῆσαι τὸν στέφανον)] « partager les honneurs », [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 1.58.5, 29.8.9.)]
IV.8 ἱ. νόσος, épilepsie, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.33, 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “Morb. Sacr.” at Title Page, 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Historia Plantarum” 9.11.3, etc., compare 3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Aetia” 3.1.14: _metaphorically_, τὴν οἴησιν ἱ. νόσον ἔλεγε 1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus 46 (= 4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Fragmenta” 224).)]
IV.9 ἡ ἱ. ὁδός, la voie sacrée menant à Delphes, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.34; also, from Athens to Eleusis, 5th c.BC: Cratinus Comicus 61, 2nd c.AD: Pausanias Periegeta 1.36.3, 1st-2nd c.AD: Harpocratio Grammaticus)] voir l’article ; et celle d’Élis à Olympie, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Pausanias Periegeta 5.25.7.)]
IV.10 ἱ. ὀστέον, os sacrum, dernier os de la colonne vertébrale, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἄρθρων ἐμβολῆς” 45, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.981d, 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus “de Usu Partium” 5.8, etc.)]
IV.11 ἱ. συμβουλή, devoir sacré d’un conseiller, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Epistulae” 321c, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 5.6.4, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theages” 122b, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Rh.Pr.” 1.)]
IV.12 ἱ. σῦριγξ, canal rachidien, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD(?): Pollianus Epigrammaticus 2.180.)]
IV.13 ἱερὰ τριήρης, à propos du navire délien ou de l’un des navires d’État (Salaminia ou Paralos), [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 4.34.)]
IV.14 fréquemment dans les noms géographiques, par exemple ἱ ἄκρα, en Lycie, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Strabo Geographus 14.3.8)]; ἱ. ἀκρωτήριον, en Espagne, cap Saint-Vincent, [Refs ([prev. author] 2.4.3)]; ἱ. κώμη, en Lydie, [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 16.1.8)]; ἱ. νῆσος, l’une des îles du groupe des Lipari, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.88)]; l’une des îles Égades, [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 1.60.3.)]
V adverbe -ρῶς, saintement, ἀποθανεῖν, variante dans [Refs 8th c.BC+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Lycurgus” 27. [ῐ by nature, but sometimes ῑ in _Epic dialect_, especially in endings of hexameters, ἱ. ἰχθύς, ἱ. ἦμαρ, ἱερὰ ῥέξας, ἀλφίτου ἱεροῦ ἀκτή, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.407, 8.66, 1.147, 11.631)]; ῑερόν au premier pied d’un hexamètre, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 5.22)]; également dans les composés ἱεραγωγός, ἱεροθαλλής, ἱερόφωνος : ῑ toujours dans la forme contractée ἱρός, employée dans le dialecte épique, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus)], et dans certaines inscriptions en dialecte ionien, comme [Refs 7th c.BC+ (“IG” 12(8).265.9 (from Thasos), compare 7th-6th c.BC(?): Semonides Iambographus 7.56, 3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 4.79, +others)], mais rarement attestée dans les manuscrits de [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus (never in 1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus or 3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus))]; également dans la tragédie, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 268, etc., but never required by metre in Lyric poetry of Comedy texts)]
(pour ἱερὸν voir III.2), ά, όν, également ός, όν dans l’expression ἱερὸς ἀκτή [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 597, 805, Oracle texts cited in 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.77)]: dialecte ionien et poésie ἱρός, ή, όν (voir l’article vers la fin) : dialecte dorien et grec septentrional ἱᾰρός [Refs (“IG” 22.1126.20, etc.)]: dialecte éolien ἶρος [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica “Papyrus fragments” in E. Diehl, 23.25, 7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus “Supp.” 8.4)], mais ἴαρος (forme corrélée de ἴερ-) [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica “Papyrus fragments” in E. Diehl, 20a. 6)]: superlatif ἱερώτατος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 582 (Lyric poetry), 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 755e.)]
I rempli de ou manifestant une puissance divine, surnaturel, ἱ. ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.409, +others; ἱ. μένος Ἀλκινόοιο 8.421, etc.)]; ἄλφιτον, ἀλωαί, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.631, 5.499; Δημήτερος ἱερὸς ἀκτή 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Op.” I [prev. cited])]; à propos d’objets ou de phénomènes naturels, de fleuves, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.351, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.726, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 410 (Lyric poetry))]; λιβάς, à propos du Sperchios, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1215 (Lyric poetry))]; ἱεραὶ βῆσσαι Κίρκης « féeriques », [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.275)]; ἱ. ἦμαρ, κνέφας, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.66, 11.194; φάος 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 339)]; ἱερὸς δίφρος (où δ. désigne peut-être ἵπποι) [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.464; after 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, ἱ. χεῦμα θαλάσσης 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Fragmenta - American Journal of Philology” 192 (_anapaest meter_); ἱ. κῦμα 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 1206, compare “Cyc.” 265; ὄμβρος 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1428; δρόσοι 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 117 (Lyric poetry))]; ὕπνος, à propos de la mort, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Epigrammata” 11)]; ἔστι μὲν οὐδὲν ἱ. ce n’est pas une affaire importante, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 5.22.)]
II à propos des choses divines, saint, ἱεροῖς ἐν δώμασι Κίρκης [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.426; ἱ. γένος ἀθανάτων 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Theogonia” 21; λέχος, of Zeus, [prev. work] 57)]; δόσις, don de Dieu, [Refs ([prev. work] 93)]; πόλεμος, guerre sainte, « croisade », [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 556, etc.)]
II.2 à propos des choses terrestres, sanctifié, consacré, βωμοί [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.305)]; ἱ. δόμος, à propos du temple d’Athéna, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (6.89; ἱ. ἑκατόμβη 1.99, 431, etc.; ἐλαίη 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.372; χοαί 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 469, etc.)]; ἱρὰ γράμματα hiéroglyphes, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.36)]; mais ἱ. γράμματα à propos des « Saintes Écritures », [NT (NT.2Tim.3.15)]; ἱ. βύβλοι [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“OGI” 56.70 (Canopus, 3rd c.BC))]; ἱ. ἄγαλμα, τρίπους, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1379, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 512, etc.; χρήματα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 568d, etc.; ἱ. τὸ σῶμα τῷ θεῷ δίδωμ᾽ ἔχειν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 1285)]; ἱ. σώματα, à propos des ἱερόδουλοι, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Strabo Geographus 6.2.6; χῆνες 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.325c)]; à propos d’animaux considérés comme « tabous », [κριοί] εἰσί σφι ἱ. διὰ τοῦτο [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.42; so perhaps ἱ. ἰχθύς 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.407)]; à propos des tribuns romains, = latin sacrosanctus, ἱ. καὶ ἄσυλος [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Tiberius Gracchus” 15, etc.)]; à propos d’Auguste, [Refs (“Mon.Anc.Gr.” 5.17)]; ἱ. νόμος, loi sacrificielle, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.35, compare “SIG” 685.81 (2nd c.BC))]; ἱ. λόγος, légende, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.81, etc.; οἱ παλαιοὶ καὶ ἱ. λόγοι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Epistulae” 335a)]; ἱ. γάμος, mariage mystique, cérémonie religieuse, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 320, 9th c.AD: Photius Legal icographus, etc.)] voir l’article ; opposé à βέβηλος, comme le sacré au profane, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis 7.8, “Anecdota Graeca - Bekker” 223; but more frequently ἱ. καὶ ὅσιος 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.52, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Vectigalibus” 5.4, etc.)]; comparer ὅσιος.
II.3 sous la protection divine, fréquemment à propos de lieux, Ἴλιος [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.648, 7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus “Supp.” 8.4; Πύλος 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.108; Θήβη 7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica “Papyrus fragments” in E. Diehl, 20a. 6)]; Τροίης ἱερὸν πτολίεθρον, Τροίης ἱερὰ κρήδεμνα, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.2, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.100; Ἀθῆναι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.323, compare 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “Fragmenta.” 75, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1221 (Lyric poetry), Ps.-Oracle texts cited in 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 1037; Σούνιον ἱρόν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.278)]; ἱ. κύκλος, siège du juge sous la protection de Zeus, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.504: with _genitive_ of the divinity, ἄλσος ἱρὸν Ἀθηναίης, ἄντρον ἱρὸν νυμφάων, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.322, 13.104, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.80, 2.41, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 937, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 5.3.13, etc.; γῆ καὶ ἑστία ἱερὰ πᾶσι πάντων θεῶν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 955e)]; χωρίον ὡς -ώτατον[Refs ([prev. work] 755e, compare “Ti.” 45a)]; avec le génitif d’un être humain, Γναθίου.. ἱ. εἰμι [Refs (“IG” 12.920.)]
II.3.b à propos de personnes, φυλάκων ἱ. τέλος [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.56; ἱ. πυλαωροί 24.681; στρατός 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 24.81; βασιλέες 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 5.97)]; ἱ. εὐσεβής τε, à propos d’Œdipe, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 287)]; ἅνθρωπος ἱ. initié, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 652)]; avec le génitif d’une divinité, voué, consacré, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 75, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 85b.)]
II.3.c sous l’Empire romain, = sacer, impérial, ἐκ τῶν ἱερῶν τοῦ Καίσαρος γραμμάτων [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (“IGRom.” 4.571 (Aezani, 2nd c.AD); ὁ -ώτατος φίσκος, τὸ -ώτατον ταμιεῖον, [prev. work]3.727 (from Lycia), “SIG” 888.10 (Scaptopara, 3rd c.AD))], etc. ; τὸ -ώτατον βῆμα (à propos du praefectus Aegypti), [Refs 1st c.AD+ (“PHamb.” 4.8 (1st c.AD))]: généralement, vénérable, ἱ. σύνοδος [Refs 3rd c.AD+ (“OGI” 713.9 (Egypt, 3rd c.AD), etc.)]
III comme substantif,
III.1 ἱερά, dialecte ionien ἱρά, τά, offrandes, victimes, ἱερὰ ῥέξας [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.147, etc.; ἔρδειν 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 336; διδόναι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 16.184; ἀλλ᾽ ὅ γε δέκτο μὲν ἱρά 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.420, compare 23.207: less frequently in _sing._, ὄφρ᾽ ἱρὸν ἑτοιμασσαίατ᾽ Ἀθήνῃ 10.571; θῦσαι ἱρά 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.59, 8.54, etc.; θυσίας καὶ ἱρὰ ποιέειν [prev. author] 2.63; αἴθειν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1033; ἱ. πατρῷα 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 1015; ἱ. ἐπιχώρια 3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 259.)]
III.1.b après [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)], présages fournis par le sacrifice, τὰ ἱρὰ οὐ προεχώρεε χρηστά [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.44)]; τὰ ἱερὰ καλὰ [ἦν] [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.8.15; simply οὐκ ἐγίγνετο τὰ ἱ. [prev. work] 2.2.3.)]
III.1.c généralement, objets sacrés ou rites, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.172, 4.33; τῶν ὑμετέρων ἱ. καὶ κοινῶν μετεῖχον 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 57.3)]; à propos d’images cultuelles, IG Rom.[Refs (3.800 (syllium).)]
III.2 après [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)], ἱερόν, dialecte ionien ἱρόν, τό, lieu saint, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.119, +others)]; opposé à νηός, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 2.170, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.90, 5.18)]; fréquemment à propos d’un temple, ἔστι δὲ ἐν τῷ τεμένεϊ.. ἱρόν κτλ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.112)]; à propos du temple juif, [LXX+2nd c.BC+ (LXX.1Ch.29.4, 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 16.39.4, 1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Strabo Geographus 16.2.34, NT.Matt.24.1.)]
III.3 ἱερὸν τῆς δίκης, principe sacré du droit, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Helena” 1002.)]
III.4 ἱερός, ὁ (c’est-à-dire μήν), nom d’un mois à Délos, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“IG” 12.377.22, 11(2).203 A 31 (3rd c.BC).)]
III.5 ἱεροί, οἱ, membres d’un collège ou d’une confrérie religieuse, [Refs 1st c.BC+ ([prev. work]5(1).1390.1, +others (Andania, 1st c.BC), probably in “SIG” 1010.7 (from Chalcedon))], etc. ; également à propos de femmes, ἱεραί, αἱ, [Refs (“IG” 5(1). [same place], compare 1511 (from Sparta).)]
III.5.b = {ἱερόδουλος}, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 1356 (Messenia, 5th c.BC), “Inscription Perg.” 572, “GDI” 5702.39 (from Samos).)]
IV locutions particulières, postérieures à [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus,)]
IV.1 proverbial, ἱ. ἄγκυρα, le dernier espoir, [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.815d, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “JTr.” 51, “Fug.” 13, 2nd c.AD(?): Pollianus Epigrammaticus 1.93, 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 11.182.)]
IV.2 ἱ. βόλος, nom d’un coup aux dés, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Eubulus Comicus 57.1.)]
IV.3 ἱ. βοτάνη, voir {βοτάνη}.
IV.4 ἱ. (c’est-à-dire γραμμή) [Refs (compare (γραμμή 111.1))], dernière ligne du damier, κινήσαις τὸν ἀπ᾽ ἴρας.. λίθον [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus 82, compare 5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus 225, 5th c.BC: Sophron Comicus 127)]; τὴν ἀφ᾽ ἱερᾶς (variante {τὴν ἱεράν}) [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Coriolanus” 32.)]
IV.5 ἱ. ἰχθύς, = ἀνθίας, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 620b35, compare 2nd c.AD: Athenaeus Epigrammaticus 7.282e, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.981d.)]
IV.6 ἱ. λόχος, voir {λόχος}.
IV.7 ἱερά (c’est-à-dire νίκη), ἡ, concours nul, ex æquo (parce que le prix était attribué au dieu), [Refs 6th c.AD+ (“SIG” 1073.48 (6th c.AD: Olympiodorus Philosophus); ποιῆσαι ἱεράν, of the competitor, Wood “Ephesus, App.” vi p.70; so ἱ. ἀθλήματα “Inscription Olymp.” 56; ἱερὸς ὁ στέφανος ἐκρίθη “IG” 9(2).525 (from Larissa); τὸ παγκράτιον ἱ. ἐγένετο [prev. work]527 ([prev. passage]); ἱερός (i.e. ἀγών) [prev. work]7.2727.19, 24 (Acraeph.): _metaphorically_, ἱερὸν ποιῆσαι τὸν στέφανον)] « partager les honneurs », [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 1.58.5, 29.8.9.)]
IV.8 ἱ. νόσος, épilepsie, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.33, 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “Morb. Sacr.” at Title Page, 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Historia Plantarum” 9.11.3, etc., compare 3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Aetia” 3.1.14: _metaphorically_, τὴν οἴησιν ἱ. νόσον ἔλεγε 1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus 46 (= 4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Fragmenta” 224).)]
IV.9 ἡ ἱ. ὁδός, la voie sacrée menant à Delphes, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.34; also, from Athens to Eleusis, 5th c.BC: Cratinus Comicus 61, 2nd c.AD: Pausanias Periegeta 1.36.3, 1st-2nd c.AD: Harpocratio Grammaticus)] voir l’article ; et celle d’Élis à Olympie, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Pausanias Periegeta 5.25.7.)]
IV.10 ἱ. ὀστέον, os sacrum, dernier os de la colonne vertébrale, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἄρθρων ἐμβολῆς” 45, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.981d, 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus “de Usu Partium” 5.8, etc.)]
IV.11 ἱ. συμβουλή, devoir sacré d’un conseiller, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Epistulae” 321c, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 5.6.4, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theages” 122b, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Rh.Pr.” 1.)]
IV.12 ἱ. σῦριγξ, canal rachidien, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD(?): Pollianus Epigrammaticus 2.180.)]
IV.13 ἱερὰ τριήρης, à propos du navire délien ou de l’un des navires d’État (Salaminia ou Paralos), [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 4.34.)]
IV.14 fréquemment dans les noms géographiques, par exemple ἱ ἄκρα, en Lycie, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Strabo Geographus 14.3.8)]; ἱ. ἀκρωτήριον, en Espagne, cap Saint-Vincent, [Refs ([prev. author] 2.4.3)]; ἱ. κώμη, en Lydie, [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 16.1.8)]; ἱ. νῆσος, l’une des îles du groupe des Lipari, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.88)]; l’une des îles Égades, [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 1.60.3.)]
V adverbe -ρῶς, saintement, ἀποθανεῖν, variante dans [Refs 8th c.BC+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Lycurgus” 27. [ῐ by nature, but sometimes ῑ in _Epic dialect_, especially in endings of hexameters, ἱ. ἰχθύς, ἱ. ἦμαρ, ἱερὰ ῥέξας, ἀλφίτου ἱεροῦ ἀκτή, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.407, 8.66, 1.147, 11.631)]; ῑερόν au premier pied d’un hexamètre, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 5.22)]; également dans les composés ἱεραγωγός, ἱεροθαλλής, ἱερόφωνος : ῑ toujours dans la forme contractée ἱρός, employée dans le dialecte épique, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus)], et dans certaines inscriptions en dialecte ionien, comme [Refs 7th c.BC+ (“IG” 12(8).265.9 (from Thasos), compare 7th-6th c.BC(?): Semonides Iambographus 7.56, 3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 4.79, +others)], mais rarement attestée dans les manuscrits de [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus (never in 1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus or 3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus))]; également dans la tragédie, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 268, etc., but never required by metre in Lyric poetry of Comedy texts)]