Strong G2413ἱερός
sacred
- Transliteration
- hieros
- Pronunciation
- hee-er-os'
- Morphology
- Greek Adjective
Definition
Of uncertain affinity; sacred: - holy.
Detailed definition
ἱερός, -ά, όν
[in LXX: Eze.28:18 (מִקְדָּשׁ); τό ἱ, 1Ch.29:4 (בַּיִת), Eze.45:19 (עֲזָרָה); very frequently in I Est.1:1-58 -4 Mac;]
1. in Hom., marvellous, mighty, divine.
2. (Also in Hom, and later cl.) consecrated to the deity, sacred: pl., ἱ. γράμματα, 2Ti.3:15.
3. As subst.,
__(a) (so in Hom.), τὰ ἱ., sacrifices, sacred rites, sacred things: 1Co.9:13;
__(b) later, τὸ ἱ.,., a consecrated or sacred place, a temple: τ. Ἀρτέμιδος, Act.19:27; of the temple at Jerusalem, i.e. the entire precincts or some part thereof (as distinct from ὁ ναός, which see, the Sanctuary proper): 1Co.9:13, and frequently in Gosp. and esp. in Ac, Mat.12:6, Mrk.13:3, Act.4:1, al. (on the use of ἱ. in Imperial Iuser., see Deiss., LAE, 380 f.)
(AS)
[in LXX: Eze.28:18 (מִקְדָּשׁ); τό ἱ, 1Ch.29:4 (בַּיִת), Eze.45:19 (עֲזָרָה); very frequently in I Est.1:1-58 -4 Mac;]
1. in Hom., marvellous, mighty, divine.
2. (Also in Hom, and later cl.) consecrated to the deity, sacred: pl., ἱ. γράμματα, 2Ti.3:15.
3. As subst.,
__(a) (so in Hom.), τὰ ἱ., sacrifices, sacred rites, sacred things: 1Co.9:13;
__(b) later, τὸ ἱ.,., a consecrated or sacred place, a temple: τ. Ἀρτέμιδος, Act.19:27; of the temple at Jerusalem, i.e. the entire precincts or some part thereof (as distinct from ὁ ναός, which see, the Sanctuary proper): 1Co.9:13, and frequently in Gosp. and esp. in Ac, Mat.12:6, Mrk.13:3, Act.4:1, al. (on the use of ἱ. in Imperial Iuser., see Deiss., LAE, 380 f.)
(AS)
In the Bible
Strong G2413 appears in 2 verses of the KJV.
Translated in the KJV by
- holy1
- thing1
First verses
- 1 Corinthians 9:13Do ye not know that they which minister about holy things live of the things of the temple? and they which wait at the altar are partakers with the altar?
- 2 Timothy 3:15And that from a child thou hast known the holy scriptures, which are able to make thee wise unto salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus.
Occurrences by book
Related words
Detailed Greek dictionary
ἱερός
(for ἱερὸν see. III.2), ά, όν, also ός, όν in the phrase ἱερὸς ἀκτή [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 597, 805, Oracle texts cited in 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.77)]: Ionic dialect and poetry ἱρός, ή, όν (see. entry near the end): Doric dialect and N. Greek ἱᾰρός [Refs (“IG” 22.1126.20, etc.)]: Aeolic dialect ἶρος [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica “Papyrus fragments” in E. Diehl, 23.25, 7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus “Supp.” 8.4)], but ἴαρος (correlated from ἴερ-) [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica “Papyrus fragments” in E. Diehl, 20a. 6)]: superlative ἱερώτατος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 582 (Lyric poetry), 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 755e.)]
I filled with or manifesting divine power, supernatural, ἱ. ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.409, +others; ἱ. μένος Ἀλκινόοιο 8.421, etc.)]; ἄλφιτον, ἀλωαί, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.631, 5.499; Δημήτερος ἱερὸς ἀκτή 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Op.” I [prev. cited])]; of natural objects or phenomena, rivers, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.351, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.726, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 410 (Lyric poetry))]; λιβάς, of the Spercheus, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1215 (Lyric poetry))]; ἱεραὶ βῆσσαι Κίρκης 'faery', [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.275)]; ἱ. ἦμαρ, κνέφας, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.66, 11.194; φάος 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 339)]; ἱερὸς δίφρος (where δ. perhaps = ἵπποι) [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.464; after 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, ἱ. χεῦμα θαλάσσης 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Fragmenta - American Journal of Philology” 192 (_anapaest meter_); ἱ. κῦμα 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 1206, compare “Cyc.” 265; ὄμβρος 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1428; δρόσοι 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 117 (Lyric poetry))]; ὕπνος, of death, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Epigrammata” 11)]; ἔστι μὲν οὐδὲν ἱ. no great matter, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 5.22.)]
II of divine things, holy, ἱεροῖς ἐν δώμασι Κίρκης [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.426; ἱ. γένος ἀθανάτων 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Theogonia” 21; λέχος, of Zeus, [prev. work] 57)]; δόσις the gift of God, [Refs ([prev. work] 93)]; πόλεμος holy war, 'crusade', [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 556, etc.)]
II.2 of earthly things, hallowed, consecrated, βωμοί [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.305)]; ἱ. δόμος, of the temple of Athena,[Refs 8th c.BC+ (6.89; ἱ. ἑκατόμβη 1.99, 431, etc.; ἐλαίη 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.372; χοαί 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 469, etc.)]; ἱρὰ γράμματα hieroglyphics, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.36)]; but ἱ. γράμματα of the “Holy Scriptures”, [NT (NT.2Tim.3.15)]; ἱ. βύβλοι [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“OGI” 56.70 (Canopus, 3rd c.BC))]; ἱ. ἄγαλμα, τρίπους, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1379, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 512, etc.; χρήματα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 568d, etc.; ἱ. τὸ σῶμα τῷ θεῷ δίδωμ᾽ ἔχειν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 1285)]; ἱ. σώματα, of ἱερόδουλοι, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Strabo Geographus 6.2.6; χῆνες 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.325c)]; of animals regarded as 'taboo', [κριοί] εἰσί σφι ἱ. διὰ τοῦτο [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.42; so perhaps ἱ. ἰχθύς 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.407)]; of the Roman Tribunes,= Latin sacrosanctus, ἱ. καὶ ἄσυλος [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Tiberius Gracchus” 15, etc.)]; of Augustus, [Refs (“Mon.Anc.Gr.” 5.17)]; ἱ. νόμος law of sacrifice, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.35, compare “SIG” 685.81 (2nd c.BC))]; ἱ. λόγος legend, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.81, etc.; οἱ παλαιοὶ καὶ ἱ. λόγοι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Epistulae” 335a)]; ἱ. γάμος mystical marriage, a religious ceremony, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 320, 9th c.AD: Photius Legal icographus, etc.)] see entry; opposed to βέβηλος, as sacred to profane, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis 7.8, “Anecdota Graeca - Bekker” 223; but more frequently ἱ. καὶ ὅσιος 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.52, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Vectigalibus” 5.4, etc.)]; compare ὅσιος.
II.3 under divine protection, frequently of places, Ἴλιος [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.648, 7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus “Supp.” 8.4; Πύλος 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.108; Θήβη 7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica “Papyrus fragments” in E. Diehl, 20a. 6)]; Τροίης ἱερὸν πτολίεθρον, Τροίης ἱερὰ κρήδεμνα, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.2, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.100; Ἀθῆναι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.323, compare 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “Fragmenta.” 75, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1221 (Lyric poetry), Ps.-Oracle texts cited in 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 1037; Σούνιον ἱρόν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.278)]; ἱ. κύκλος the judge's seat under the protection of Zeus, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.504: with _genitive_ of the divinity, ἄλσος ἱρὸν Ἀθηναίης, ἄντρον ἱρὸν νυμφάων, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.322, 13.104, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.80, 2.41, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 937, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 5.3.13, etc.; γῆ καὶ ἑστία ἱερὰ πᾶσι πάντων θεῶν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 955e)]; χωρίον ὡς -ώτατον[Refs ([prev. work] 755e, compare “Ti.” 45a)]; with genitive of a human being, Γναθίου.. ἱ. εἰμι [Refs (“IG” 12.920.)]
II.3.b of persons, φυλάκων ἱ. τέλος [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.56; ἱ. πυλαωροί 24.681; στρατός 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 24.81; βασιλέες 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 5.97)]; ἱ. εὐσεβής τε, of Oedipus, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 287)]; ἅνθρωπος ἱ. initiated, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 652)]; with genitive of a divinity, deuoted, dedicated, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 75, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 85b.)]
II.3.c under the Roman Empire,= sacer, imperial, ἐκ τῶν ἱερῶν τοῦ Καίσαρος γραμμάτων [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (“IGRom.” 4.571 (Aezani, 2nd c.AD); ὁ -ώτατος φίσκος, τὸ -ώτατον ταμιεῖον, [prev. work]3.727 (from Lycia), “SIG” 888.10 (Scaptopara, 3rd c.AD))], etc.; τὸ -ώτατον βῆμα (of the praefectus Aegypti), [Refs 1st c.AD+ (“PHamb.” 4.8 (1st c.AD))]: generally, worshipful, ἱ. σύνοδος [Refs 3rd c.AD+ (“OGI” 713.9 (Egypt, 3rd c.AD), etc.)]
III as substantive,
III.1 ἱερά, Ionic dialect ἱρά, τά, offerings, victims, ἱερὰ ῥέξας [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.147, etc.; ἔρδειν 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 336; διδόναι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 16.184; ἀλλ᾽ ὅ γε δέκτο μὲν ἱρά 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.420, compare 23.207: less frequently in _sing._, ὄφρ᾽ ἱρὸν ἑτοιμασσαίατ᾽ Ἀθήνῃ 10.571; θῦσαι ἱρά 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.59, 8.54, etc.; θυσίας καὶ ἱρὰ ποιέειν [prev. author] 2.63; αἴθειν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1033; ἱ. πατρῷα 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 1015; ἱ. ἐπιχώρια 3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 259.)]
III.1.b after [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)], omens afforded by sacrifice, τὰ ἱρὰ οὐ προεχώρεε χρηστά [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.44)]; τὰ ἱερὰ καλὰ [ἦν] [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.8.15; simply οὐκ ἐγίγνετο τὰ ἱ. [prev. work] 2.2.3.)]
III.1.c generally, sacred objects or rites, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.172, 4.33; τῶν ὑμετέρων ἱ. καὶ κοινῶν μετεῖχον 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 57.3)]; of cult-images, IG Rom.[Refs (3.800 (syllium).)]
III.2 after [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)], ἱερόν, Ionic dialect ἱρόν, τό, holy place, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.119, +others)]; opposed to νηός, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 2.170, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.90, 5.18)]; frequently of a temple, ἔστι δὲ ἐν τῷ τεμένεϊ.. ἱρόν κτλ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.112)]; of the Jewish temple, [LXX+2nd c.BC+ (LXX.1Ch.29.4, 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 16.39.4, 1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Strabo Geographus 16.2.34, NT.Matt.24.1.)]
III.3 ἱερὸν τῆς δίκης a sacred principle of right, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Helena” 1002.)]
III.4 ἱερός, ὁ (i.e. μήν), name of month at Delos, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“IG” 12.377.22, 11(2).203 A 31 (3rd c.BC).)]
III.5 ἱεροί, οἱ, members of a religious college or guild, [Refs 1st c.BC+ ([prev. work]5(1).1390.1, +others (Andania, 1st c.BC), probably in “SIG” 1010.7 (from Chalcedon))], etc.; also of women, ἱεραί, αἱ, [Refs (“IG” 5(1). [same place], compare 1511 (from Sparta).)]
III.5.b ={ἱερόδουλος}, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 1356 (Messenia, 5th c.BC), “Inscription Perg.” 572, “GDI” 5702.39 (from Samos).)]
IV special phrases, post-[Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus,)]
IV.1 proverbial, ἱ. ἄγκυρα one's last hope, [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.815d, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “JTr.” 51, “Fug.” 13, 2nd c.AD(?): Pollianus Epigrammaticus 1.93, 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 11.182.)]
IV.2 ἱ. βόλος, name of a throw at dice, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Eubulus Comicus 57.1.)]
IV.3 ἱ. βοτάνη, see at {βοτάνη}.
IV.4 ἱ. (i.e. γραμμή) [Refs (compare (γραμμή 111.1))], last line of draught-board, κινήσαις τὸν ἀπ᾽ ἴρας.. λίθον [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus 82, compare 5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus 225, 5th c.BC: Sophron Comicus 127)]; τὴν ἀφ᾽ ἱερᾶς (variant{τὴν ἱεράν}) [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Coriolanus” 32.)]
IV.5 ἱ. ἰχθύς,= ἀνθίας, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 620b35, compare 2nd c.AD: Athenaeus Epigrammaticus 7.282e, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.981d.)]
IV.6 ἱ. λόχος, see at {λόχος}.
IV.7 ἱερά (i.e. νίκη), ἡ, drawn contest, dead heat (because the prize was assigned to the god), [Refs 6th c.AD+ (“SIG” 1073.48 (6th c.AD: Olympiodorus Philosophus); ποιῆσαι ἱεράν, of the competitor, Wood “Ephesus, App.” vi p.70; so ἱ. ἀθλήματα “Inscription Olymp.” 56; ἱερὸς ὁ στέφανος ἐκρίθη “IG” 9(2).525 (from Larissa); τὸ παγκράτιον ἱ. ἐγένετο [prev. work]527 ([prev. passage]); ἱερός (i.e. ἀγών) [prev. work]7.2727.19, 24 (Acraeph.): _metaphorically_, ἱερὸν ποιῆσαι τὸν στέφανον)] 'divide the honours', [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 1.58.5, 29.8.9.)]
IV.8 ἱ. νόσος epilepsy, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.33, 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “Morb. Sacr.” at Title Page, 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Historia Plantarum” 9.11.3, etc., compare 3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Aetia” 3.1.14: _metaphorically_, τὴν οἴησιν ἱ. νόσον ἔλεγε 1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus 46 (= 4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Fragmenta” 224).)]
IV.9 ἡ ἱ. ὁδός the sacred road to Delphi, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.34; also, from Athens to Eleusis, 5th c.BC: Cratinus Comicus 61, 2nd c.AD: Pausanias Periegeta 1.36.3, 1st-2nd c.AD: Harpocratio Grammaticus)] see entry; and that from Elis to Olympia, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Pausanias Periegeta 5.25.7.)]
IV.10 ἱ. ὀστέον, os sacrum, the last bone of the spine, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἄρθρων ἐμβολῆς” 45, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.981d, 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus “de Usu Partium” 5.8, etc.)]
IV.11 ἱ. συμβουλή sacred duty of an adviser, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Epistulae” 321c, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 5.6.4, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theages” 122b, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Rh.Pr.” 1.)]
IV.12 ἱ. σῦριγξ spinal canal, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD(?): Pollianus Epigrammaticus 2.180.)]
IV.13 ἱερὰ τριήρης, of the Delian ship, or one of the state-ships (Salaminia or Paralos), [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 4.34.)]
IV.14 frequently in geographical names, e.g. ἱ ἄκρα, in Lycia, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Strabo Geographus 14.3.8)]; ἱ. ἀκρωτήριον, in Spain, Cape St. Vincent, [Refs ([prev. author] 2.4.3)]; ἱ. κώμη, in Lydia, [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 16.1.8)]; ἱ. νῆσος, one of the Liparean group, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.88)]; one of the insulae Aegates, [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 1.60.3.)]
V adverb -ρῶς holily, ἀποθανεῖν variant in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Lycurgus” 27. [ῐ by nature, but sometimes ῑ in _Epic dialect_, especially in endings of hexameters, ἱ. ἰχθύς, ἱ. ἦμαρ, ἱερὰ ῥέξας, ἀλφίτου ἱεροῦ ἀκτή, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.407, 8.66, 1.147, 11.631)]; ῑερόν in the first foot of a hexameters, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 5.22)]; also in compounds ἱεραγωγός, ἱεροθαλλής, ἱερόφωνος: ῑ always in contraction form ἱρός which is used in Epic dialect, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus)], and some Ionic dialect inscriptions, as [Refs 7th c.BC+ (“IG” 12(8).265.9 (from Thasos), compare 7th-6th c.BC(?): Semonides Iambographus 7.56, 3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 4.79, +others)], but is rarely found in codices of [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus (never in 1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus or 3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus))]; also in Trag., [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 268, etc., but never required by metre in Lyric poetry of Comedy texts])]
(for ἱερὸν see. III.2), ά, όν, also ός, όν in the phrase ἱερὸς ἀκτή [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 597, 805, Oracle texts cited in 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.77)]: Ionic dialect and poetry ἱρός, ή, όν (see. entry near the end): Doric dialect and N. Greek ἱᾰρός [Refs (“IG” 22.1126.20, etc.)]: Aeolic dialect ἶρος [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica “Papyrus fragments” in E. Diehl, 23.25, 7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus “Supp.” 8.4)], but ἴαρος (correlated from ἴερ-) [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica “Papyrus fragments” in E. Diehl, 20a. 6)]: superlative ἱερώτατος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 582 (Lyric poetry), 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 755e.)]
I filled with or manifesting divine power, supernatural, ἱ. ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.409, +others; ἱ. μένος Ἀλκινόοιο 8.421, etc.)]; ἄλφιτον, ἀλωαί, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.631, 5.499; Δημήτερος ἱερὸς ἀκτή 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Op.” I [prev. cited])]; of natural objects or phenomena, rivers, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.351, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.726, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 410 (Lyric poetry))]; λιβάς, of the Spercheus, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1215 (Lyric poetry))]; ἱεραὶ βῆσσαι Κίρκης 'faery', [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.275)]; ἱ. ἦμαρ, κνέφας, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.66, 11.194; φάος 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 339)]; ἱερὸς δίφρος (where δ. perhaps = ἵπποι) [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.464; after 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, ἱ. χεῦμα θαλάσσης 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Fragmenta - American Journal of Philology” 192 (_anapaest meter_); ἱ. κῦμα 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 1206, compare “Cyc.” 265; ὄμβρος 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1428; δρόσοι 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 117 (Lyric poetry))]; ὕπνος, of death, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Epigrammata” 11)]; ἔστι μὲν οὐδὲν ἱ. no great matter, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 5.22.)]
II of divine things, holy, ἱεροῖς ἐν δώμασι Κίρκης [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.426; ἱ. γένος ἀθανάτων 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Theogonia” 21; λέχος, of Zeus, [prev. work] 57)]; δόσις the gift of God, [Refs ([prev. work] 93)]; πόλεμος holy war, 'crusade', [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 556, etc.)]
II.2 of earthly things, hallowed, consecrated, βωμοί [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.305)]; ἱ. δόμος, of the temple of Athena,[Refs 8th c.BC+ (6.89; ἱ. ἑκατόμβη 1.99, 431, etc.; ἐλαίη 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.372; χοαί 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 469, etc.)]; ἱρὰ γράμματα hieroglyphics, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.36)]; but ἱ. γράμματα of the “Holy Scriptures”, [NT (NT.2Tim.3.15)]; ἱ. βύβλοι [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“OGI” 56.70 (Canopus, 3rd c.BC))]; ἱ. ἄγαλμα, τρίπους, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1379, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 512, etc.; χρήματα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 568d, etc.; ἱ. τὸ σῶμα τῷ θεῷ δίδωμ᾽ ἔχειν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 1285)]; ἱ. σώματα, of ἱερόδουλοι, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Strabo Geographus 6.2.6; χῆνες 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.325c)]; of animals regarded as 'taboo', [κριοί] εἰσί σφι ἱ. διὰ τοῦτο [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.42; so perhaps ἱ. ἰχθύς 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.407)]; of the Roman Tribunes,= Latin sacrosanctus, ἱ. καὶ ἄσυλος [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Tiberius Gracchus” 15, etc.)]; of Augustus, [Refs (“Mon.Anc.Gr.” 5.17)]; ἱ. νόμος law of sacrifice, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.35, compare “SIG” 685.81 (2nd c.BC))]; ἱ. λόγος legend, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.81, etc.; οἱ παλαιοὶ καὶ ἱ. λόγοι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Epistulae” 335a)]; ἱ. γάμος mystical marriage, a religious ceremony, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 320, 9th c.AD: Photius Legal icographus, etc.)] see entry; opposed to βέβηλος, as sacred to profane, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis 7.8, “Anecdota Graeca - Bekker” 223; but more frequently ἱ. καὶ ὅσιος 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.52, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Vectigalibus” 5.4, etc.)]; compare ὅσιος.
II.3 under divine protection, frequently of places, Ἴλιος [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.648, 7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus “Supp.” 8.4; Πύλος 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.108; Θήβη 7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica “Papyrus fragments” in E. Diehl, 20a. 6)]; Τροίης ἱερὸν πτολίεθρον, Τροίης ἱερὰ κρήδεμνα, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.2, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.100; Ἀθῆναι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.323, compare 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “Fragmenta.” 75, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1221 (Lyric poetry), Ps.-Oracle texts cited in 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 1037; Σούνιον ἱρόν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.278)]; ἱ. κύκλος the judge's seat under the protection of Zeus, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.504: with _genitive_ of the divinity, ἄλσος ἱρὸν Ἀθηναίης, ἄντρον ἱρὸν νυμφάων, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.322, 13.104, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.80, 2.41, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 937, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 5.3.13, etc.; γῆ καὶ ἑστία ἱερὰ πᾶσι πάντων θεῶν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 955e)]; χωρίον ὡς -ώτατον[Refs ([prev. work] 755e, compare “Ti.” 45a)]; with genitive of a human being, Γναθίου.. ἱ. εἰμι [Refs (“IG” 12.920.)]
II.3.b of persons, φυλάκων ἱ. τέλος [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.56; ἱ. πυλαωροί 24.681; στρατός 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 24.81; βασιλέες 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 5.97)]; ἱ. εὐσεβής τε, of Oedipus, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 287)]; ἅνθρωπος ἱ. initiated, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 652)]; with genitive of a divinity, deuoted, dedicated, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 75, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 85b.)]
II.3.c under the Roman Empire,= sacer, imperial, ἐκ τῶν ἱερῶν τοῦ Καίσαρος γραμμάτων [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (“IGRom.” 4.571 (Aezani, 2nd c.AD); ὁ -ώτατος φίσκος, τὸ -ώτατον ταμιεῖον, [prev. work]3.727 (from Lycia), “SIG” 888.10 (Scaptopara, 3rd c.AD))], etc.; τὸ -ώτατον βῆμα (of the praefectus Aegypti), [Refs 1st c.AD+ (“PHamb.” 4.8 (1st c.AD))]: generally, worshipful, ἱ. σύνοδος [Refs 3rd c.AD+ (“OGI” 713.9 (Egypt, 3rd c.AD), etc.)]
III as substantive,
III.1 ἱερά, Ionic dialect ἱρά, τά, offerings, victims, ἱερὰ ῥέξας [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.147, etc.; ἔρδειν 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 336; διδόναι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 16.184; ἀλλ᾽ ὅ γε δέκτο μὲν ἱρά 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.420, compare 23.207: less frequently in _sing._, ὄφρ᾽ ἱρὸν ἑτοιμασσαίατ᾽ Ἀθήνῃ 10.571; θῦσαι ἱρά 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.59, 8.54, etc.; θυσίας καὶ ἱρὰ ποιέειν [prev. author] 2.63; αἴθειν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1033; ἱ. πατρῷα 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 1015; ἱ. ἐπιχώρια 3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 259.)]
III.1.b after [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)], omens afforded by sacrifice, τὰ ἱρὰ οὐ προεχώρεε χρηστά [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.44)]; τὰ ἱερὰ καλὰ [ἦν] [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.8.15; simply οὐκ ἐγίγνετο τὰ ἱ. [prev. work] 2.2.3.)]
III.1.c generally, sacred objects or rites, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.172, 4.33; τῶν ὑμετέρων ἱ. καὶ κοινῶν μετεῖχον 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 57.3)]; of cult-images, IG Rom.[Refs (3.800 (syllium).)]
III.2 after [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)], ἱερόν, Ionic dialect ἱρόν, τό, holy place, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.119, +others)]; opposed to νηός, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 2.170, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.90, 5.18)]; frequently of a temple, ἔστι δὲ ἐν τῷ τεμένεϊ.. ἱρόν κτλ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.112)]; of the Jewish temple, [LXX+2nd c.BC+ (LXX.1Ch.29.4, 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 16.39.4, 1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Strabo Geographus 16.2.34, NT.Matt.24.1.)]
III.3 ἱερὸν τῆς δίκης a sacred principle of right, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Helena” 1002.)]
III.4 ἱερός, ὁ (i.e. μήν), name of month at Delos, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“IG” 12.377.22, 11(2).203 A 31 (3rd c.BC).)]
III.5 ἱεροί, οἱ, members of a religious college or guild, [Refs 1st c.BC+ ([prev. work]5(1).1390.1, +others (Andania, 1st c.BC), probably in “SIG” 1010.7 (from Chalcedon))], etc.; also of women, ἱεραί, αἱ, [Refs (“IG” 5(1). [same place], compare 1511 (from Sparta).)]
III.5.b ={ἱερόδουλος}, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 1356 (Messenia, 5th c.BC), “Inscription Perg.” 572, “GDI” 5702.39 (from Samos).)]
IV special phrases, post-[Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus,)]
IV.1 proverbial, ἱ. ἄγκυρα one's last hope, [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.815d, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “JTr.” 51, “Fug.” 13, 2nd c.AD(?): Pollianus Epigrammaticus 1.93, 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 11.182.)]
IV.2 ἱ. βόλος, name of a throw at dice, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Eubulus Comicus 57.1.)]
IV.3 ἱ. βοτάνη, see at {βοτάνη}.
IV.4 ἱ. (i.e. γραμμή) [Refs (compare (γραμμή 111.1))], last line of draught-board, κινήσαις τὸν ἀπ᾽ ἴρας.. λίθον [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus 82, compare 5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus 225, 5th c.BC: Sophron Comicus 127)]; τὴν ἀφ᾽ ἱερᾶς (variant{τὴν ἱεράν}) [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Coriolanus” 32.)]
IV.5 ἱ. ἰχθύς,= ἀνθίας, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 620b35, compare 2nd c.AD: Athenaeus Epigrammaticus 7.282e, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.981d.)]
IV.6 ἱ. λόχος, see at {λόχος}.
IV.7 ἱερά (i.e. νίκη), ἡ, drawn contest, dead heat (because the prize was assigned to the god), [Refs 6th c.AD+ (“SIG” 1073.48 (6th c.AD: Olympiodorus Philosophus); ποιῆσαι ἱεράν, of the competitor, Wood “Ephesus, App.” vi p.70; so ἱ. ἀθλήματα “Inscription Olymp.” 56; ἱερὸς ὁ στέφανος ἐκρίθη “IG” 9(2).525 (from Larissa); τὸ παγκράτιον ἱ. ἐγένετο [prev. work]527 ([prev. passage]); ἱερός (i.e. ἀγών) [prev. work]7.2727.19, 24 (Acraeph.): _metaphorically_, ἱερὸν ποιῆσαι τὸν στέφανον)] 'divide the honours', [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 1.58.5, 29.8.9.)]
IV.8 ἱ. νόσος epilepsy, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.33, 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “Morb. Sacr.” at Title Page, 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Historia Plantarum” 9.11.3, etc., compare 3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Aetia” 3.1.14: _metaphorically_, τὴν οἴησιν ἱ. νόσον ἔλεγε 1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus 46 (= 4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Fragmenta” 224).)]
IV.9 ἡ ἱ. ὁδός the sacred road to Delphi, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.34; also, from Athens to Eleusis, 5th c.BC: Cratinus Comicus 61, 2nd c.AD: Pausanias Periegeta 1.36.3, 1st-2nd c.AD: Harpocratio Grammaticus)] see entry; and that from Elis to Olympia, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Pausanias Periegeta 5.25.7.)]
IV.10 ἱ. ὀστέον, os sacrum, the last bone of the spine, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἄρθρων ἐμβολῆς” 45, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.981d, 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus “de Usu Partium” 5.8, etc.)]
IV.11 ἱ. συμβουλή sacred duty of an adviser, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Epistulae” 321c, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 5.6.4, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theages” 122b, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Rh.Pr.” 1.)]
IV.12 ἱ. σῦριγξ spinal canal, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD(?): Pollianus Epigrammaticus 2.180.)]
IV.13 ἱερὰ τριήρης, of the Delian ship, or one of the state-ships (Salaminia or Paralos), [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 4.34.)]
IV.14 frequently in geographical names, e.g. ἱ ἄκρα, in Lycia, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Strabo Geographus 14.3.8)]; ἱ. ἀκρωτήριον, in Spain, Cape St. Vincent, [Refs ([prev. author] 2.4.3)]; ἱ. κώμη, in Lydia, [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 16.1.8)]; ἱ. νῆσος, one of the Liparean group, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.88)]; one of the insulae Aegates, [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 1.60.3.)]
V adverb -ρῶς holily, ἀποθανεῖν variant in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Lycurgus” 27. [ῐ by nature, but sometimes ῑ in _Epic dialect_, especially in endings of hexameters, ἱ. ἰχθύς, ἱ. ἦμαρ, ἱερὰ ῥέξας, ἀλφίτου ἱεροῦ ἀκτή, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.407, 8.66, 1.147, 11.631)]; ῑερόν in the first foot of a hexameters, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 5.22)]; also in compounds ἱεραγωγός, ἱεροθαλλής, ἱερόφωνος: ῑ always in contraction form ἱρός which is used in Epic dialect, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus)], and some Ionic dialect inscriptions, as [Refs 7th c.BC+ (“IG” 12(8).265.9 (from Thasos), compare 7th-6th c.BC(?): Semonides Iambographus 7.56, 3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 4.79, +others)], but is rarely found in codices of [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus (never in 1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus or 3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus))]; also in Trag., [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 268, etc., but never required by metre in Lyric poetry of Comedy texts])]