Strong G757ἄρχω

ἄρχω,
dialecte épique infinitif ἀρχέμεναι[Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 20.154:)]imparfait ἦρχον[Refs ([prev. work] 2.378, etc.)]; dialecte dorien ἆρχον[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 10(11).51)]: futur ἄρξω[Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.667, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 940, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.144:)]aoriste ἦρξα, dialecte épique ἄρξα[Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.230, etc.)]: parfait ἦρχα[Refs 1st c.AD+ (“CIG” “Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum” “Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum” 3487.14 (from Thyatira), Canon Laws texts cited in 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.851f)]:—moyen, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.90, etc.)]; participe non thématique ἄρχμενος[Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Aetia” 3.1.56, +others)]: imparfait, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.93, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.28:)]futur ἄρξομαι (au sens moyen, voir ci-dessous) [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.97, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 442, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.8.2)]; dialecte dorien ἀρξεῦμαι[Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 7.95)]: aoriste ἠρξάμην[Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 23.310, etc.:)] —passif, parfait ἦργμαι seulement au sens moyen, voir ci-dessous [Refs (1.2)]: aoriste ἤρχθην, ἀρχθῆναι[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.18, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1277b13, see below 11.4)]:—être le premier,
I dans le temps, commencer, prendre l’initiative, à l’actif et au moyen (dans [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus the _active_ is more frequently, in _Attic dialect_ Prose the _middle_, especially where personal action is emphasized), πολέμου ἄρχειν)]être l’agresseur, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.53)]; π. ἄρχεσθαι commencer ses opérations, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 6.3.6)]; ἄρχειν τοῦ λόγου ouvrir une conversation, [Refs ([prev. author] “An.” 1.6.6)]; ἄρχεσθαι τοῦ λόγου commencer son discours, [Refs ([prev. work] 3.2.7. Constr.:)]
I.1 le plus souvent avec le génitif, commencer, ἄρχειν πολέμοιο[Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.335; μύθων 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.68; τῶν ἀδικημάτων πρῶτον τοῦτο ἄρξαι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.2; ἦρξεν ἐμβολῆς 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 409; τοῦ κακοῦ [prev. work] 353)]; ἄρχειν χειρῶν ἀδίκων, ἄρχειν τῆς πληγῆς, porter le premier coup, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 4.2.1 and 2:)] — au moyen dans un sens religieux, = {ἀπάρχεσθαι}, ἀρχόμενος μελέων en commençant par les membres, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.428, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 651)]; mais à l’actif, σπονδαῖσιν ἄρξαι[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “I.” 6(5).37.)]
I.2 avec le génitif, commencer par ou avec…, ἐν σοὶ μὲν λήξω σέο δ᾽ ἄρξομαι[Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.97; ἄρχεσθαι Διός 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 5.25)]; πόθεν ἄρξωμα; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 855; πόθεν ποτὲ ἦρκται 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἀρχαίης ἰητρικῇς” 5)]; ἄρχεσθαι, ἦρχθαι ἔκ τινος, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 23.199, 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “κατ᾽ ἰητρεῖον” 11)]; ἀπό τινος fréquemment en prose, ἀρξάμενοι αὐτίκα ἀπὸ παιδίων même dès l’enfance, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.12)]; mais plus communément ἐκ παίδων, ἐκ παιδός, etc., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 408d, “Thg.” 128d:)] —ἀπό dans des relations non temporelles, ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ σοῦ. c’est-à-dire vous-même compris, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 471c, compare 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.297; ἀπὸ τῶν πατέρων 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 3.5.15; μέχρι τῶν δώδεκα ἀπὸ μιᾶς ἀρξάμενος 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 771c)]; ἀφ᾽ ἱερῶν ἠργμένη ἀρχή[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 771a; ἀφ᾽ Ἑστίας ἀρχόμενος 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 846.)]
I.3 avec le génitif de chose et le datif de personne, ἄρχε θεοῖς δαιτός commencer un banquet pour les dieux, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.95; τοῖς ἄρα μύθων ἦρχε 2.433, etc.; τῇσι δὲ.. ἄρχετο μολπῆς 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.101; ἦρξε τῇ πόλει ἀνομίας τὸ νόσημα 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.53, compare 12; τὴν ἡμέραν ἄρχειν ἐλευθερίας τῇ Ἑλλάδι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.2.23; ἡμὶν οὐ σμικρῶν κακῶν ἦρξεν τὸ δῶρον 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 871.)]
I.4 avec l’accusatif, ἄρχειν ὁδόν τινι, lui montrer le chemin, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.107 (but also ἄρχειν ὁδοῖο)] ouvrir la voie, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5.237): _absolutely_ (i.e. ὁδόν), ἄρχε δ᾽ Ἀθήνη 3.12; σὺ μὲν ἄρχε 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.69; ἦ ῥα καὶ ἄρχε λέχοσδε κιών 3.447; ἦρχε δ᾽ ἄρα σφιν Ἄρης 5.592, compare below 11.2)]: avec d’autres accusatifs, ἄρχειν ὕμνον[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 3.10; ἅπερ ἦρξεν 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1529 (Lyric poetry); λυπηρόν τι 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 552; ὕβριν [prev. author] “fragment” 368.)]
I.5 à propos d’actions, σέο δ᾽ ἕξεται ὅττι κεν ἄρχῃ[Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.102: frequently with)]infinitif, τοῖσιν δ᾽ ἦρχ᾽ ἀγορεύειν parmi eux, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.571, etc.; ἦρχε νέεσθαι, ἦρχ᾽ ἴμεν, 2.84, 13.329; ἄρχετε νῦν νέκυας φορέειν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 22.437, etc.; ὑφαίνειν ἤρχετο μῆτιν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.324; ἤρξαντο οἰκοδομεῖν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.107; ἡ νόσος ἤρξατο γενέσθαι [prev. author] 2.47)]: avec un participe, pour une action ou un état qui se prolonge, ἦρχον χαλεπαίνων[Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.378; ἢν ἄρξῃ ἀδικέων 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.119; ἡ ψυχὴ ἄρχεται ἀπολείπουσα 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.7.26; πόθεν ἂν ὀρθῶς ἀρξαίμεθα ἐπαινοῦντε; 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Menexenus” 237a, compare “Tht.” 187a (but ἄ. ἐπαινεῖν [prev. author] “Phdr.” 241e); ἄρξομαι διδάσκων 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.8.2 (but ἤρξω μανθάνειν [prev. author] “Mem.” 3.5.22).)]
I.6 absolument, ἄρχε prends la tête ! [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.69)]: en général, commencer, ἄρχειν [τὴν ἐκεχειρίαν] τήνδε τὴν ἡμέραν décret cité dans [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.118, cf. Legal cited in 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 24.42)]; τὸ ἄρχον, opposé à τὸ ἑπόμενον, [Refs 5th c.AD+ (5th-6th c.AD: Damascius Philosophus “de Principiis” 234)]: participe ἀρχόμενος d’abord, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitandi ratione” 9.3, “Cyn.” 3.8, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 2.54)]; au commencement, ἀρχομένου δὲ πίθου καὶ λήγοντος[Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 368, compare “fragment” 192.4; ἀρχομένοισιν ἢ καταπαυομένοισι 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 1246; ἄρχεται ὁ πόλεμος ἐνθένδε 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.1; ἅμα ἦρι ἀρχομένῳ [prev. passage]; θέρους εὐθὺς ἀρχομένου [prev. work] 47.)]
I.7 en grammaire, à propos d’un mot, ἄ. ἀπὸ φωνήεντος[Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Dionysius Thrax Grammaticus 633.27)]; ἡ ἄρχουσα (c’est-à-dire συλλαβή) [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus “de Syntaxi;” 130.13.)]
II quant au lieu ou à la position, diriger, gouverner, commander,
II.1 le plus souvent avec le génitif, diriger, être à la tête de…, Βοιωτῶν[Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.494, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.1, etc.)]
II.2 moins fréquemment avec le datif, ἀνδράσιν ἦρξα[Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.230, compare 471, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.805, 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 3.4, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 940, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 666, “IA” 337, “IG” 7.2830 (from Hyettus), etc.)]; également ἐν δ᾽ ἄρα τοῖσιν ἦρχ᾽ exerçait le commandement parmi eux, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.690, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 238a: with)]infinitif ajouté, ἄρχε Μυρμιδόνεσσι μάχεσθαι les conduisit au combat, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.65.)]
II.3 absolument, gouverner, ὅσον τό τ᾽ ἄρχειν καὶ τὸ δουλεύειν δίχα[Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 927, compare “Pers.” 774)]; en particulier exercer une magistrature, ὁκοῖόν τε εἴη ἄρχειν μετὰ τὸ βασιλεύειν[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.67)]; à Athènes, etc., être archonte, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.178)]; ἀρχάς, ἀρχὴν ἄρχειν, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.80, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.54)]; ἄρχειν τὴν ἐπώνυμον (avec ou sans ἀρχήν) [Refs (“IG” 3.659, 693, “SIG” 872.7.)]
II.4 au passif, avec le futur ἄρξομαι[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.159, 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 8.45, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 589, 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 28.7; but ἀρχθήσομαι 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1259b40, 2nd-3rd c.AD: Dio Cassius Historicus 65.10)]:—être dirigé, gouverné, etc., ὑπό τινος[Refs 6th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.127; ἔκ τινος 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 264, “Ant.” 63; ὑπό τινι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.91, 103; σφόδρα ὑπό τινος 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 12.92; ἄρχε πρῶτον μαθὼν ἄρχεσθαι 6th c.BC: Solon Lyricus cited in 3rd c.AD(?): Diogenes Laertius 1.60, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 326d; δύνασθαι καὶ ἄρχεσθαι καὶ ἄρχειν 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1277b14; οἱ ἀρχόμενοι)]sujets, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 2 6.19, etc.)]