1 Samuel 22:2

1 Samuel 22:2 in other versions

• King James Version (KJV)And every one that was in distress, and every one that was in debt, and every one that was discontented, gathered themselves unto him; and he became a captain over them: and there were with him about four hundred men.
• New International Version (NIV)All those who were in distress or in debt or discontented gathered around him, and he became their commander. About four hundred men were with him.
• English Standard Version (ESV)And everyone who was in distress, and everyone who was in debt, and everyone who was bitter in soul, gathered to him. And he became commander over them. And there were with him about four hundred men.
• New King James Version (NKJV)And everyone who was in distress, everyone who was in debt, and everyone who was discontented gathered to him. So he became captain over them. And there were about four hundred men with him.

Context of 1 Samuel 22:2

1So David departed from there and escaped to the cave of Adullam; and when his brothers and all his father’s house heard about it, they went down there to him. Everyone who was suffering hardship, and everyone who was in debt, and everyone who was discontented gathered to him; and he became captain over them. There were about four hundred men with him. 3And David went from there to Mizpah of Moab; and he said to the king of Moab, “Please let my father and my mother come [out of Judah] and stay with you until I know what God will do for me.” 4Then he left them with the king of Moab; and they stayed with him all the time that David was in the stronghold.

1 Samuel 22:2 word by word

וַיִּֽתְקַבְּצ֣וּ אֵ֠לָיו כָּל־אִ֨ישׁ מָצ֜וֹק וְכָל־אִ֨ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־ל֤וֹ נֹשֶׁא֙ וְכָל־אִ֣ישׁ מַר־נֶ֔פֶשׁ וַיְהִ֥י עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם לְשָׂ֑ר וַיִּהְי֣וּ עִמּ֔וֹ כְּאַרְבַּ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת אִֽישׁ׃Read the interlinear

Words taken from the KJV.

• And every oneאִישׁ'îysh · manH376
• in distressמָצוֹקmâtsôq · distressH4689
• in debtנָשָׁאnâshâ' · to exactH5378
• discontentedנֶ֫פֶשׁnephesh · soulH5315
• discontentedמַרmar mârâh · bitterH4751
• gatheredקָבַץqâbats · to gatherH6908
• themselves unto him; and he became a captainשַׂרώar · rulerH8269
• over them: and there were with him about fourאַרְבַּע'arba‛ 'arbâ‛âh · fourH702
• hundredמֵאָהmê'âh mê'yâh · hundredH3967

Cross-references for 1 Samuel 22:2

• Judges 11:3Then Jephthah fled from his brothers and lived in the land of Tob; and worthless and unprincipled men gathered around Jephthah, and went out [on raids] with him.
• Matthew 11:12From the days of John the Baptist until now the kingdom of heaven suffers violent assault, and violent men seize it by force [as a precious prize].
• Matthew 18:25But because he could not repay, his master ordered him to be sold, with his wife and his children and everything that he possessed, and payment to be made.
• 1 Samuel 1:10Hannah was greatly distressed, and she prayed to the Lord and wept in anguish.
• 1 Samuel 30:6Further, David was greatly distressed because the people spoke of stoning him, for all of them were embittered, each man for his sons and daughters. But David felt strengthened and encouraged in the Lord his God.
• Judges 18:25The sons of Dan said to him, “Do not let your voice [of complaint] be heard among us, or else angry men will assault you and you will lose your life, along with the lives of [everyone in] your household.”
• 2 Samuel 17:8And Hushai said, “You know your father and his men, that they are brave men, and they are enraged and fierce, like a bear deprived of her cubs in the field. Your father is a [shrewd] man of war, and will not spend the night with the people [knowing that you seek his life].
• Proverbs 31:6Give strong drink [as medicine] to him who is ready to pass away, And wine to him whose life is bitter.
• 1 Samuel 9:16“About this time tomorrow I will send you a man from the land of Benjamin, and you shall anoint him as leader over My people Israel; and he will save My people from the hand of the Philistines. For I have looked upon [the distress of] My people, because their cry [for help] has come to Me.”
• 1 Samuel 25:15But David’s men were very good to us, and we were not harmed or treated badly, nor did we miss anything as long as we were with them, when we were in the fields.
• 1 Samuel 30:22Then all the wicked and worthless men among those who went with David said, “Because they did not go with us, we will give them none of the spoil that we have recovered, except that each man may take his wife and children away and leave.”
• 2 Samuel 5:2In times past, when Saul was king over us, it was you who led Israel out [to war] and brought Israel in [from battle]. And the Lord told you, ‘You shall shepherd My people Israel and be ruler over them.’ ”
• 2 Kings 20:5“Go back and tell Hezekiah the leader of My people, ‘Thus says the Lord, the God of David your father (ancestor): “I have heard your prayer, I have seen your tears. Behold, I am healing you; on the third day you shall go up to the house of the Lord.
• 1 Chronicles 11:15Three of the thirty chief men went down to the rock to David, into the cave of Adullam, while the army of the Philistines was camped in the Valley of Rephaim.
• Psalms 72:12For he will rescue the needy when he cries for help, The afflicted and abused also, and him who has no helper.
• Psalms 72:13He will have compassion on the poor and needy, And he will save the lives of the needy.

Commentaries on 1 Samuel 22:2

• Adam Clarke Bible Commentary · v. 2And every one that was in distress - debt - discontented - It is very possible that these several disaffected and exceptionable characters might at first have supposed that David, unjustly persecuted, would be glad to avail himself of their assistance that he might revenge himself upon Saul, and so they in the mean time might profit by plunder, etc. But if this were their design they were greatly disappointed, for David never made any improper use of…Read the comment
• Barnes’ Notes on the Bible · v. 2Discontented - See the margin. (Compare 1 Samuel 30:6; 2 Samuel 17:8.) The phrase here denotes those who were exasperated by Saul‘s tyranny.Read the comment
• Tyndale Open Study Notes · v. 2distressed … indebted … discontented: The people who gathered around David were distressed, poor, and unhappy. By drawing such people to himself, David pointed ahead to Jesus, who would later welcome people who were hurting, burdened, and pushed to the edges of society (Matthew 11:25–30).Read the comment
• Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary · v. 22. every one that was in distress--(See on Jud 11:3).Read the comment

Topics related to 1 Samuel 22:2

• Armies
• Captain
• Insurgents

In the dictionaries

• Four Hundred
• Abiathar
• Adullam
• Captain
• Cave
• David
• Army
• Debt; Debtor
• Four
• Jesse

Commentaries on 1 Samuel 22

• Adam Clarke Bible Commentary
• Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
• Matthew Henry Concise Commentary
• Tyndale Open Study Notes
• Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary
• Rashi on Tanakh
• Keil & Delitzsch Commentary
• John Wesley’s Notes
• Darby Translation Notes
• Geneva Bible Translation Notes
• Kingcomments
• Matthew Henry’s Complete Commentary
• Matthew Henry’s Modern English Commentary
• Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary
• EGW Writings