Strong G5036ταχύς

τᾰχύς [ῠ], εῖα, ύ:

I relatif au mouvement, rapide, prompt, opposé à βραδύς,
I.1 pour les personnes et les animaux, soit absolument, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.69, etc.)]; ou plus complètement, πόδας ταχύς [Refs (13.249, 482, 17.709, etc.)]; ταχὺς ἔσκε θέειν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 17.308)]; θείειν τ. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.186, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.112)]; κύνες, ἔλαφος, πτώξ, ἵππος, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.26, 8.248, 17.676, 23.347, etc.; οἰωνόν, ταχὺν ἄγγελον 24.292, cf. 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 15.526)]; τ. βαδιστής un marcheur rapide, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 1182)]; σφοδροὶ καὶ τ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 2.1.31.)]
I.2 pour les choses, τ. πόδες [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.514, cf. 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.261, etc.)]; τ. ἰός, ὀϊστοί, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.94, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 22.3, etc.; πτερά 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 1453; -ύτατα ἅρματα 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 1.77)]; νῆες, τριήρεις, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.23, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.43, etc.; [ἴχνος] τὸ τοῦ ποδὸς μὲν βραδύ, τὸ τοῦ δὲ νοῦ ταχύ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 742.)]
II relatif à la pensée et au dessein, vif, hâtif, φρονεῖν γὰρ οἱ ταχεῖς οὐκ ἀσφαλεῖς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 617: avec)]infinitif, βλάπτειν τ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 1428; τ. βουλεῦσαί τι ἀνήκεστον 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.132, cf. 118, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Dem.Enc.” 12; aussi τ. πρὸς ὀργήν 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Cat.Mi.” 1)]; τὸ ταχύ vitesse, hâte, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 452, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitandi ratione” 7.18, etc.)]
II.2 pour les actions, les événements, etc., rapide, soudain, πήδημα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 833)]; ᾅδης, μόρος, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 1047, 2nd c.BC: Moschus Bucolicus 3.26; πόλεμος 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.55, 6.45; φυγή [auteur préc.] 4.44; μεταβολή 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 553d)]; court, τ. ἐλπίδες espoirs fugaces, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 1.83; ἐπαυρέσεις 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.53; ἀτραπός 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 127; ταχεῖ σὺν χρόνῳ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1602)]; τ. διήγησις courte, rapide, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica” 1416b30.)]
B adverbe,
B.1 forme régulière τᾰχέως, rapidement, opposé à βραδέως, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.365, 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Theogonia” 103, etc.)]:—rarement au sens de peut-être [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (cf. (τάχα 11), 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 16.25.8.)]
B.2 l'adverbe est aussi exprimé par une périphrase, διὰ ταχέων en hâte, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.80, 3.13, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 32d, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.5.9; ἐκ ταχείας 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 395; cf. τάχος 11.)]
B.3 neutre ταχύ employé comme adverbe, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 10.51, “N.” 1.51, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 349, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 885 (poésie lyrique), 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 109, 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 16.665, etc.)]; ἤδη ἤδη τ. τ. [Refs 3rd c.AD+ (“Sammelb.” 4321.21, “BGU” 956.3 (tous deux 3rd c.AD))]; ἄρτι ἄρτι τ. τ. [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (“Arch.Papyrus” 5.393 (2nd c.AD))]; aussi τάχα (voir ce mot).
B.4 l'adjectif ταχύς est fréquemment construit avec des verbes, là où nous emploierions l'adverbe, ταχέες δ᾽ ἱππῆες ἄγερθεν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.287; ταχεῖά γ᾽ ἦλθε χρησμῶν πρᾶξις 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 739; ὁρμάσθω ταχύς 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 526)]; δεῦρ᾽ ἀφίξεται τ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([auteur préc.] “OC” 307; τ. χάρις διαρρεῖ [auteur préc.] “Aj.” 1266, cf. 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.75, 5.66.)]
C Degrés de comparaison :
C.I comparatif :
C.I.1 la forme τᾰχύτερος, α, ον, est employée par [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus, ἐποίησα ταχύτερα ἢ σοφώτερα 3.65, cf. 7.194)]; aussi dans [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Mundo” 394b3, 2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus “Indica” 9.6, 2nd c.AD: Aretaeus Medicus “περὶ αἰτιῶν καὶ σημείων χρονίων παθῶν” 1.16)], mais pas dans le bon dialecte attique; ταχύτερον comme adverbe, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.127, 9.101, 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “προγνωστικόν” 17.)]
C.I.2 la forme la plus usuelle est θάσσων, neutre θᾶσσον, génitif ονος, en dialecte attique θάττων, neutre θᾶττον, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.570, 13.819 (ailleurs seulement au _neutre_ dans 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus))], etc.:—le neutre comme adverbe, fréquemment dans [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.307, +autres)]; θᾶσσον ἂν.. κλύοιμι plus tôt, c.-à-d. plutôt, voudrais-je entendre, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 631)]; θᾶσσον tient aussi souvent lieu de positif, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.440, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 15.201, 16.130, 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.181, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 506, “V.” 187, “Ra.” 94)]; οὐ θᾶσσον οἴσει; c.-à-d. hâte-toi et apporte, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 1183, cf. “OT” 430)]; θᾶττον νοήματος plus rapide que la pensée, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 4.3.13, cf. 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 824, etc.)]; avec une conjonction, ὅτι θᾶσσον, comme{ὅτι τάχιστα}, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 24.48)]; ἐπειδὴ θᾶττον συνεσκότασεν aussitôt que.. , [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 54.5; ἐπειδὰν θ. συνιῇ τις 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 325c; ὅταν θ. φθέγγηται ὁ κόκκυξ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 563b17, cf. 611a5)]; ἐὰν ou ἢν θ. aussitôt que.. , [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.3.20, “An.” 6.5.20, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus Alcaeus1.105a)]; ἂν θ. [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Περικειρομένη” 174)]; εἰ θ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Epistulae” 324b)]; ὡς θ. [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 1.66.1, 3.82.1)]; θ. rarement = plus tôt que, avant, ἐξήλαυνον μεσημβρίας οὐ πολλῷ τινι θ. [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Aristides Rhetor “Orationes” 51 (27). 13 (cf. τάχιον ci-dessous 3).)]
C.I.3 la forme ταχίων [ῑ], neutre ιον, est fréquente dans la prose tardive, comme [LXX+5th c.BC+ (LXX.Wis.13.9, LXX.1Mac.2.40, 3rd-2nd c.BC: Philo Mechanicus “(Belopoeica) Excerpte aus Philons Mechanik - Ath. Berl. Akad.” 69.14, 17, 73.23, 1st c.BC: Geminus Astronomicus 1.20, 1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis 6.42, 1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 20.6, 1st c.AD: Josephus Historicus (voir ci-dessous), 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.240d, NT.John.20.4, 4th c.AD: Alciphro Epistolographus 3.4; aussi dans 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “γυναικεῖα” 1.1, 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 402.16)]; mais condamnée par [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Phrynichus Atticista 58, 2nd c.AD: Herodianus Grammaticus “Philet.” p.436 P.)]; τὴν ταχίονα τῆς τροφῆς παράθεσιν plus tôt, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 19.206:)] — adverbe τάχιον plus tôt, πλέεται.. περὶ τὸν Σεπτέμβριον μῆνα.., οὐδὲν δὲ κωλύει κἂν τ. [Refs (“Periplus Maris Rubri [1st c.AD]” 24)]; τ. τῆς ὑποσχέσεως plus tôt qu'ils ne l'avaient promis, [Refs (“Rev.Ét.Gr.” 6.159 (d'Iasos))]; τ. τοῦ παραγγέλματος [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st c.AD: Josephus Historicus “Bellum Judaicum” 4.4.2; εἰς μακρὸν αὐτῶν γῆρας καὶ βίου μῆκος ὅμοιον τοῖς τ. ἐπερχομένων [auteur préc.] “AJ” 1.3.7; ἀποπαύεται οὔτε τ. ἐτῶν τεσσαράκοντα οὔτε βράδιον ἐτῶν πεντήκοντα 2nd c.AD: Soranus Medicus 1.20, cf. 48, +autres)]; autrefois, ἐπεσκεύασαν τὸ παρόχιον,.. τ. γενόμενον γυμνάσιον [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (“IGRom.” 3.639 (Lycie, 2nd c.AD), cf. 4.1517 (de Sardes), 1632.14 (de Philadelphie), 1665.5 (de Tira), Keil-Premerstein “Dritter Bericht“ p.79 (3rd c.AD), “Hermes” 63.229 (de Callatis))]; cf. ci-dessus 2 vers la fin
C.II superlatif :
C.II.1 la forme ταχύτατος est rare, ταχύτατα ἅρματα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 1.77)]; ταχύτατα comme adverbe, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 5.1.27 codices, 4th c.BC: Antiphanes Comicus 87 codices)]; mais les deux passages ont été corrigés.
C.II.2 la forme usuelle est τάχιστος, η, ον, employée par [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus seulement au _neutre_ _pluriel_ τάχιστα)] comme adverbe, le plus rapidement, le plus promptement, ὅττι τάχιστα aussitôt que possible, dès que possible, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.193, 9.659, +autres; ὅτι τάχιστα 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1341 (poésie lyrique), 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.31, etc.)]; de même ὅσον τ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 772, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1436, etc.)]; ᾳ (probablement) τ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 13.79)]; ὅπως τ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 605, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1410, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 167)]; ὡς τ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“IG” 12.76.23, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.210, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.15, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Rhesus” 147, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.3.14)]: ce sont des expressions elliptiques, comme on peut le voir dans les exemples suivants, ὡς δυνατόν ἐστι τάχιστα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 710b, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.4.3)]; ᾗ δυνατὸν τ. [Refs ([auteur préc.] “HG” 6.3.6)]; ὡς ou ᾗ ἠδύνατο τ. [Refs ([auteur préc.] “Cyr.” 3.2.14, “An.” 1.2.4)]; ὡς δύναιτο τ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.79)]; ὡς ou ᾗ ἂν δύνωμαι τ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 4.1.38, “Cyr.” 7.1.9, cf. “IG” 12.106.18.)]
C.II.2.b τάχιστα après des particules de temps, aussitôt que, ἐπεὶ (dialecte ionien ἐπεί τε) τάχιστα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 201, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.27, 75, 7.163, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 7.2.6, “PCair.Zen.” 34.12 (3rd c.BC))]; ἐπειδὴ τ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 310d, 4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 9.3, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 27.16, etc.)]; ἐπεὰν τ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.134, 7.129, 8.144)]; ἐπὰν τ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 4.6.9)]; ἐπειδὰν τ. [Refs ([auteur préc.] “Cyr.” 1.3.14, “An.” 3.1.9)]; ὅταν τ. [Refs ([auteur préc.] “Cyr.” 4.5.33: aussi ὡς τ)]. séparé par un ou plusieurs mots, ὡς ἡμέρη τ. ἐγεγόνεε [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.11, cf. 19, 47, 65, +autres, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.3.2, “Mem.” 1.2.16, +autres; ὡς δὲ τ. ἐξῆλθε.. κόρον ἔτεκε “IG” 42(1).121.4 (Epid., 4th c.BC))]; ὡς γὰρ τ. εἰσῆλθον [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Περικειρομένη” 287; ὡς ἂν τ. λάβῃς τὴν ἐπιστολήν “PCair.Zen.” 241.1 (3rd c.BC); mais ὡς τ. γὰρ ἀπεδήμησας [ouvrage préc.] 472.7 (3rd c.BC))]; ὅπως τ. [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 230:)] —la même notion est parfois exprimée par le participe, ἀπαλλαγεὶς τάχιστα, ={ὡς ἀπηλλάγη τ}., [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Demosthenes” 8, cf. 25.)]
C.II.3 fréquemment aussi en prose, τὴν ταχίστην (en entier, τὴν τ. ὁδόν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.2.20, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Rh.Pr.” 4))] comme adverbe, par le chemin le plus rapide, c.-à-d. le plus rapidement, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.24, 73, 81, 86, 4th c.BC: Hyperides Orator “pro Euxenippo” 7, 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Περικειρομένη” 75, 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 1.33.4, etc. (cf. lituanien (dialogue))] deñgti, letton diêgt, tous deux = « courir rapidement », polonais dążyć « se hâter ».)