Strong G4012περί
about
- Transliteration
- peri
- Pronunciation
- per-ee'
- Morphology
- Greek Preposition
Definition
From the base of G4008; properly through (all over) that is around; figuratively with respect to; used in various applications of place cause or time (with the genitive case denoting the subject or occasion or superlative point; with the accusative case the locality circuit 6
matter circumstance or general period): - (there-) about above against at on behalf of X and his company which concern (as) concerning for X how it will go with ([there- where-]) of on over pertaining (to) for sake X (e-) state (as) touching [where-] by (in) with. In compounds it retains substantially the same meaning of circuit (around) excess (beyond) or completeness (through).
matter circumstance or general period): - (there-) about above against at on behalf of X and his company which concern (as) concerning for X how it will go with ([there- where-]) of on over pertaining (to) for sake X (e-) state (as) touching [where-] by (in) with. In compounds it retains substantially the same meaning of circuit (around) excess (beyond) or completeness (through).
Detailed definition
περί,
prep. with genitive, accusative (in cl. also with dative; cf. M, Pr., 105f.),
with radical sense round about (as distinct from ἀμφί, on both sides).
I. C. genitive,
1. of place, about (poët.).
2. Causal, about, on account of, concerning, in reference to: Mat.2:8, Mrk.1:44, Luk.4:38, Jhn.16:26, Act.28:21, al. mult.; τὰ περί, with genitive, the things concerning one, one's state or case: Mrk.5:27, Act.1:3 28:15, Eph.6:22, al.; at the beginning of a sentence, περί, regarding, as to, 1Co.7:1, al.; in the sense on account of (Mat.26:28, 1Co.1:13, al.), often with ὑπέρ as variant (cf. M, Pr., 105).
II. C. accusative,
1. of place, about, around: Mat.3:4, Mrk.1:6, Luk.13:8, Act.22:6, al.; οἱ περί, with accusative of person(s), of one's associates, friends, etc., Mrk.4:10, Luk.22:49, Jhn.11:19, Act.13:13; οἱ περὶ τ. τοιαῦτα ἐργάται, Act.19:25; metaphorically, about, as to, concerning: 1Ti.1:19 6:4 2Ti.2:18 3:8, Tit.2:7; τὰ περὶ ἐμέ, Php.2:23; αἱ περὶ τ. λοιπὰ ἐπιθυμίαι, Mrk.4:19.
2. Of time, in a loose reckoning, about, near: Mat.20:3, 5 6, 9 27:46, Mrk.6:48, Act.10:3, 9 22:6.
III. In composition: round about (περιβάλλω, περίκειμαι), beyond, over and above (περιποιέω, περιλείπω), to excess (περιεργάζομαι, περισσεύω).
(AS)
prep. with genitive, accusative (in cl. also with dative; cf. M, Pr., 105f.),
with radical sense round about (as distinct from ἀμφί, on both sides).
I. C. genitive,
1. of place, about (poët.).
2. Causal, about, on account of, concerning, in reference to: Mat.2:8, Mrk.1:44, Luk.4:38, Jhn.16:26, Act.28:21, al. mult.; τὰ περί, with genitive, the things concerning one, one's state or case: Mrk.5:27, Act.1:3 28:15, Eph.6:22, al.; at the beginning of a sentence, περί, regarding, as to, 1Co.7:1, al.; in the sense on account of (Mat.26:28, 1Co.1:13, al.), often with ὑπέρ as variant (cf. M, Pr., 105).
II. C. accusative,
1. of place, about, around: Mat.3:4, Mrk.1:6, Luk.13:8, Act.22:6, al.; οἱ περί, with accusative of person(s), of one's associates, friends, etc., Mrk.4:10, Luk.22:49, Jhn.11:19, Act.13:13; οἱ περὶ τ. τοιαῦτα ἐργάται, Act.19:25; metaphorically, about, as to, concerning: 1Ti.1:19 6:4 2Ti.2:18 3:8, Tit.2:7; τὰ περὶ ἐμέ, Php.2:23; αἱ περὶ τ. λοιπὰ ἐπιθυμίαι, Mrk.4:19.
2. Of time, in a loose reckoning, about, near: Mat.20:3, 5 6, 9 27:46, Mrk.6:48, Act.10:3, 9 22:6.
III. In composition: round about (περιβάλλω, περίκειμαι), beyond, over and above (περιποιέω, περιλείπω), to excess (περιεργάζομαι, περισσεύω).
(AS)
In the Bible
Strong G4012 appears in 304 verses of the KJV.
Translated in the KJV by
- of141
- for52
- concern43
- about29
- touch11
- at3
- on3
- whereof3
- affair2
- against2
- be2
- over2
First verses
- Matthew 2:8And he sent them to Bethlehem, and said, Go and search diligently for the young child; and when ye have found him, bring me word again, that I may come and worship him also.
- Matthew 3:4And the same John had his raiment of camel’s hair, and a leathern girdle about his loins; and his meat was locusts and wild honey.
- Matthew 4:6And saith unto him, If thou be the Son of God, cast thyself down: for it is written, He shall give his angels charge concerning thee: and in their hands they shall bear thee up, lest at any time thou dash thy foot against a stone.
- Matthew 6:28And why take ye thought for raiment? Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow; they toil not, neither do they spin:
- Matthew 8:18Now when Jesus saw great multitudes about him, he gave commandment to depart unto the other side.
- Matthew 9:36But when he saw the multitudes, he was moved with compassion on them, because they fainted, and were scattered abroad, as sheep having no shepherd.
- Matthew 11:7And as they departed, Jesus began to say unto the multitudes concerning John, What went ye out into the wilderness to see? A reed shaken with the wind?
- Matthew 11:10For this is he, of whom it is written, Behold, I send my messenger before thy face, which shall prepare thy way before thee.
- Matthew 12:36But I say unto you, That every idle word that men shall speak, they shall give account thereof in the day of judgment.
- Matthew 15:7Ye hypocrites, well did Esaias prophesy of you, saying,
- Matthew 16:11How is it that ye do not understand that I spake it not to you concerning bread, that ye should beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and of the Sadducees?
- Matthew 17:13Then the disciples understood that he spake unto them of John the Baptist.
- Matthew 18:19Again I say unto you, That if two of you shall agree on earth as touching any thing that they shall ask, it shall be done for them of my Father which is in heaven.
- Matthew 20:3And he went out about the third hour, and saw others standing idle in the marketplace,
- Matthew 20:5Again he went out about the sixth and ninth hour, and did likewise.
- Matthew 20:6And about the eleventh hour he went out, and found others standing idle, and saith unto them, Why stand ye here all the day idle?
- Matthew 20:9And when they came that were hired about the eleventh hour, they received every man a penny.
- Matthew 20:24And when the ten heard it, they were moved with indignation against the two brethren.
- Matthew 21:45And when the chief priests and Pharisees had heard his parables, they perceived that he spake of them.
- Matthew 22:16And they sent out unto him their disciples with the Herodians, saying, Master, we know that thou art true, and teachest the way of God in truth, neither carest thou for any man: for thou regardest not the person of men.
Occurrences by book
Related words
Word family
- πέρανother sideG4008
- περιέρχομαιto go aroundG4022
- περιαιρέωto take awayG4014
- περίοικοςneighboringG4040
- περικαλύπτωto coverG4028
- περικρύπτωto hideG4032
- περίεργοςmeddlesome/magicG4021
- περικάθαρμαgarbageG4027
- περιζώννυμιto girdG4024
- περιρρήγνυμιto strip offG4048
- περιβάλλωto clotheG4016
- περιτρέχωto run aroundG4063
- περιφέρωto carry (around)G4064
- περιτίθημιto put onG4060
- περικρατήςin control ofG4031
- περιπατέωto walkG4043
- περιπείρωto pierceG4044
- περιβλέπωto look aroundG4017
- περιλείπομαιto remainG4035
- συμπεριλαμβάνωto embraceG4843
- περιτρέπωto drive insaneG4062
- περιούσιοςspecialG4041
- περίλυποςsorrowfulG4036
- περισσόςexcessiveG4053
Detailed Greek dictionary
περί,
Thess., Delph. περ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“IG” 9(2).517.17 (3rd c.BC), +others, “Schwyzer” 323 A 4 (5th-4th c.BC))], also Aeolic dialect, see below [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus)] V; Elean παρ [Refs ([prev. work]413.4)]: preposition with genitive, dative, and accusative:—round about, all round (properly different from ἀμφί, on both sides). (Cogn. with Sanskrit pári 'round about'.)
A WITH GENITIVE,
A.I of Place, sometimes in Poets, round about, around, τετάνυστο π. σπείους ἡμερίς [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.68; τείχη π. Δαρδανίας 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Troades” 818 (Lyric poetry, assuming variant); εἴλυμα π. χροός 3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 2.1129: rarely, like{ἀμφί})], on both sides, see at {περιβαίνω} [Refs (1 near the end)]
A.I.2 about near, π. σοῦ πάντα γένοιτο ῥόδα [Refs (“IG” 14.2508 (from Nemausus).)]
A.II to denote the object about or for which one does something:
A.II.1 with Verbs of fighting or contending, π. τινός for an object—from the notion of the thing's lying in the middle to be fought about, π. τῶνδε for these prizes, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.659; π. πτόλιος.. μαχήσεται 18.265; π. Πατρόκλοιο θανόντος [prev. work] 195, compare 17.120; π. σεῖο 3.137; π. νηὸς ἔχον πόνον 15.416; ἀμύνεσθαι π. πάτρης, π. νηῶν, π. τέκνων, 12.243, 142, 170, etc.)]; δόλους καὶ μῆτιν ὕφαινον, ὥς τε π. ψυχῆς since it was for my life, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.423; π. ψυχῆς θέον Ἕκτορος 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.161; π. ψυχέων ἐμάχοντο 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 22.245)]; in Prose, τρέχειν π. ἑωυτοῦ, π. τῆς ψυχῆς, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.57, 9.37; ἀγῶνας δραμέονται π. σφέων αὐτῶν [prev. author] 8.102; νεναυμάχηκε τὴν π. τῶν κρεῶν 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 191; [τὸν] π. τοῦ παντὸς δρόμον θέοντες 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.74; κινδυνεύειν π. τινός [prev. passage], etc.; οὐ π. τῶν ἴσων ὁ κίνδυνός ἐστι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 7.1.7)]; and without a Verb, π. γῆς ὅρων διαφοραί [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.122; π. πάντων ἀγαθῶν ὁ ἀγών 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.3.44, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 936 (Lyric poetry), etc.; μάχη π. τινός 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 179d; ἐπειγόμενοι π. νίκης 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.437, compare 639, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.26; πεῖραν θανάτου π. καὶ ζωᾶς ἀναβάλλεσθαι 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 9.29; π. θανάτου φεύγειν 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.95)]; but ἐρίσσαι π. μύθων contend about speaking, i. e. who can speak best, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.284; καὶ ἀθανάτοισιν ἐρίζεσκον π. τόξων 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.225, compare 24.515.)]
A.II.2 with words which denote care or anxiety, about, on account of, π. Τρώων.. μερμηρίζειν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 20.17; ἄχος π. τινός 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.249; φόνου π. βουλεύειν 16.234; φροντίζειν π. τινός 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.36, etc.; κήδεσθαι π. τ. 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 621; δεδιέναι π. τ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 320a, etc.; ἀπολογεῖσθαι π. τ. 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 2.2.13)]; κρίνειν, διαγιγνώσκειν π. τ., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 5.40, 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.96)]; π. τ. ψηφίζεσθαι, διαψηφίζεσθαι, ψῆφον φέρειν, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“IG” 12.57.42, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.3.50, 4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 11; βουλεύεσθαι π. τῆς κοινῆς σωτηρίας 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 5.69; π. Μεθωναίων “IG” 12.57.49)]; διανοεῖσθαι, σκοπεῖν π. τινός, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 270d, “Phd.” 65e; μαντεύεσθαι π. τ. 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.36, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 77)]; π. πότου γοῦν ἐστί σο; so with you it is a question of drink? [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 87, compare 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.43b.)]
A.II.3 with Verbs of hearing, knowing, speaking, etc., about, concerning, π. νόστου ἄκουσα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.270; οἶδα γὰρ εὖ π. κείνου 17.563; π. πομπῆς μνησόμεθα 7.191; π. πατρὸς ἐρέσθαι 1.135, 3.77)]; π. τινὸς ἐρέειν, λέγειν, λόγον ποιήσασθαι, etc., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.5, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 707, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.6.13, etc.; λέγειν καὶ ἀκούειν π. ἑκάστου 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.22, etc.; λόγος π. τινός 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 347b, etc.; ἡ π. τινὸς φήμη 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 1.48)]; π. τινὸς ἀγγεῖλαι, κηρῦξαι, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 1111, “Ant.” 193)]; π. τινὸς διελθεῖν, διεξελθεῖν, διηγεῖσθαι, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 9.2, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Politicus” 274b, “Euthphr.” 6c, etc.; παίζειν π. τινός 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.3.8; ἐμπειροτέρως ἔχειν π. τινός 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 1.82; νόμον γράψαι π. τινός 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.3.52, etc.; νόμῳ χρῆσθαι π. τινός 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 214.)]
A.II.4 of impulse or motive rather than object, ἐμαρνάσθην ἔριδος πέρι fought for very enmity, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.301, compare 16.476, 20.253.)]
A.II.5 about, in regard to, μεμηνυμένος π. τινός [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.53; οὕτως ἔσχε π. τοῦ πρήγματος τούτου 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.117; τὰ π. τῶν Πλαταιῶν γεγενημένα 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.6; τὸ π. τούτου γεγονός 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 1.54.5)]: in Prose frequently without a Verb, ἡ π. τῶν Μαντινικῶν πρᾶξις [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.88)]; τὰ π. τινός the circumstances of.., [Refs ([prev. work] 32, 8.14, 26, etc. (compare infr. C. 1.5))]; οὕτω δὴ καὶ π. τῶν ἀρετῶν (i.e. ἔχει) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Meno” 72c, compare “R.” 534b, 551c, etc.)]; π. τοῦ καταλειφθῆναι τὸν σῖτον as for reserving the corn, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“PMich.Zen.” 28.5 (3rd c.BC): without the _Article_, ἀριθμοῦ πέρι)] as to number, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.102)]; χρηστηρίων δὲ πέρι.. [Refs ([prev. author] 2.54.)]
A.III before, above, beyond, of superiority, chiefly in Epic dialect, π. πάντων ἔμμεναι ἄλλων [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.287; π. δ᾽ ἄλλων φασὶ γενέσθαι 4.375; τετιμῆσθαι π. πάντων 9.38; ὃν π. πάσης τῖεν ὁμηλικίης 5.325; ὃν.. π. πάντων φίλατο παίδων 20.304; π. πάντων ἴδριες ἀνδρῶν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 7.108; κρατερὸς π. πάντων 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.566, compare 1.417, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.216: in this sense frequently divided from its _genitive_, π. φρένας ἔμμεναι ἄλλων)] in understanding to be beyond them, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.171, compare 1.258, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.66; π. μὲν εἶδος, π. δ᾽ ἔργα τέτυκτο τῶν ἄλλων Δαναῶν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.279; π. μὲν κρατέεις, π. δ᾽ αἴσυλα ῥέζεις ἀνδρῶν 21.214; π. δ᾽ ἔγχει Ἀχαιῶν φέρτατός ἐσσι 7.289, compare 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 6.50, 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 25.119.)] —In this sense π. is sometimes adverbial, and the genitive is absent, see below [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus II.)]
A.IV in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus and _Attic dialect_ Prose, to denote value, ἡμῖν π. πολλοῦ ἐστι)] it is of much consequence, worth much, to us, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1. 120, compare 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 6.3)]; π. πολλοῦ ποιεῖσθαί τινας to reckon them for, i.e. worth, much, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.73, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 2.3.10, etc.)]; π. πλείονος, π. πλείστου ποιεῖσθαι, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “An.” 7.7.44, “Cyr.” 7.5.60; π. πλείστου ἡγεῖσθαι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.89; π. παντὸς ποιεῖσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.4.1)]; π. ἐλάττονος ἡγούμενοι, π. οὐδενὸς ἡγήσασθαι, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 2.71, 31.31.)]
A.V Aeolic dialect περί and περ ={ὑπέρ, στροῦθοι περὶ γᾶς.. δίννεντες πτέρα} [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica 1.10)]; περ κεφάλας probably in [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus 93, compare 18; περρ ἁπαλῶ στύματός σε πεδέρχομαι 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 29.25)]; also Hellenistic, ὃ διέγραψε Προῖτος περί μου paid on my behalf, PCair. Zen.[Refs 3rd c.BC+ (790.23 (3rd c.BC),compare “UPZ” 57.12 (2nd c.BC).)]
B WITH DATIVE (in Attic dialect Prose mostly in signification [Refs 5th c.BC+ (11, especially in 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus),)]
B.I of Place, round about, around, of close-fitting dresses, armour, etc., ἔνδυνε π. στήθεσσι χιτῶνα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.21; χιτῶνα π. χροῒ δῦνεν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 15.60; δύσετο τεύχεα καλὰ π. χροΐ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.241; ἕσσαντο π. χροῒ χαλκόν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 24.467; κνημῖδας.. π. κνήμῃσιν ἔθηκε 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.17; βεβλήκει τελαμῶνα π. στήθεσσι 12.401: in Prose, π. τῇσι κεφαλῇσι εἶχον τιάρας 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.61; θώρακα π. τοῖς στέρνοις ἔχειν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.2.13)]; οἱ στρεπτοὶ οἱ π. τῇ δέρῃ καὶ τὰ ψέλια π. ταῖς χερσί[Refs 8th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 1.3.2.; π. τῇ χειρὶ δακτύλιον ὄντα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 359e, etc.; χαλκὸς ἔλαμπε π. στήθεσσι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.245; χιτῶνα π. στήθεσσι δαΐξαι 2.416; πήληξ.. κονάβησε π. κροτάφοισι 15.648)]; in other relations, π. δ᾽ ἔγχεϊ χεῖρα καμεῖται will grow weary by grasping the spear,[Refs (2.389; δράκων ἑλισσόμενος π. χειῇ 22.95; κνίση ἑλισσομένη π. καπνῷ 1.317; π. σταχύεσσιν ἐέρση 23.598; μάρναντο π. Σκαιῇσι πύλῃσιν 18.453)]: rarely in Trag., π. βρέτει πλεχθείς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 259 (Lyric poetry); κεῖται νεκρὸς π. νεκρῷ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 1240.)]
B.I.2 in Poets, also, around a weapon, i. e. spitted upon it, transfixed by it, π. δουρὶ πεπαρμένη [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.577; ἐρεικόμενος π. δουρί 13.441; κυλινδόμενος π. χαλκῷ 8.86; π. δουρὶ ἤσπαιρε 13.570; πεπτῶτα π. ξίφει 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 828; αἷμα ἐρωήσει π. δουρί 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.303.)]
B.I.3 of a warrior standing over a dead comrade so as to defend him, ἀμφὶ δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ αὐτῷ βαῖν᾽, ὥς τις π. πόρτακι μήτηρ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (17.4; ἑστήκει, ὥς τίς τε λέων π. οἷσι τέκεσσι [prev. work] 133; Αἴας π. Πατρόκλῳ.. βεβήκει [prev. work] 137, compare 355; π. σκύμνοισι βεβηκώς 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 1039.)]
B.II of an object for or about which one struggles (compare above [Refs 8th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 11.1), π. οἷσι μαχειόμενος κτεάτεσσι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 17.471; μαχήσασθαι π. δαιτί 2.245; π. παιδὶ μάχης πόνος 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.568; ἄνδρα π. ᾗ πατρίδι μαρνάμενον 7th c.BC: Tyrtaeus Elegiacus 10.2; π. τοῖς φιλτάτοις κυβεύειν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 314a; π. τῇ Σικελίᾳ ἔσται ὁ ἀγών 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.34 codices; κινδυνεύειν π. αὑτῷ 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.6.)]
B.II.2 with Verbs denoting care, anxiety, or the opposite (compare above [Refs 8th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 11.2), π. γὰρ δίε ποιμένι λαῶν, μή τι πάθοι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.566; ἔδεισεν δὲ π. ξανθῷ Μενελάῳ 10.240, compare 11.557; δεδιότες π. τῷ χωρίῳ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.60, compare 74, 119, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 27; θαρρεῖν π. τῇ ἑαυτοῦ ψυχῇ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 114d, compare “Tht.” 148c; π. πλέγματι γαθεῖ 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 1.54.)]
B.II.3 generally, of the cause or occasion, on account of, by reason of, ἀτύζεσθαι π. καπνῷ, variant for{ὑπὸ καπνοῦ} in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.183; μὴ π. Μαρδονίῳ πταίσῃ ἡ Ἑλλάς 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.101; π. σφίσιν αὐτοῖς πταῖσαι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.33; π. αὑτῷ σφαλῆναι [prev. author] 1.69: in Poets, π. δείματι)] for fear, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 5.58)]; π. τιμᾷ in honour or praise, [Refs ([prev. work] 2.59)]; π. τάρβει, π. φόβῳ, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 696 (Lyric poetry), “Ch.” 35 (Lyric poetry); π. χάρματι “hymnus ad Cererem” 429:)] —but π. θυμῷ is falsa lectio in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.50.)]
C WITH ACCUSATIVE,
C.I of Place, properly of the object round about which motion takes place, π. βόθρον ἐφοίτων came flocking round the pit, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.42; π. νεκρὸν ἤλασαν ἵππους 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.13; π. τέρματα ἵπποι τρωχῶσι 22.162; ἄστυ πέρι.. διώκειν [prev. work] 173, 230)]; ἐρύσας π. σῆμα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (24.16, compare 51, etc.; π. φρένας ἤλυθ᾽ ἰωή 10.139; π. φρένας ἤλυθε οἶνος 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.362)]: also of extension round, ἑστάμεναι π. τοῖχον, π. βωμόν, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.374, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.187, etc.; λέξασθαι π. ἄστυ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.519; μάρνασθαι π. ἄ. 6.256, etc.; φυλάσσοντας π. μῆλα 12.303; οἳ π. Πηνειὸν.. ναίεσκον, π. Δωδώνην.. οἰκί᾽ ἔθεντο, 2.757, 750; σειρήν κεν π. ῥίον Οὐλύμποιο δησαίμην 8.25, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 18.67: in Prose, ἰκριῶσαι π. τὼ ἀγάλματε “IG” 12.371.22; φυλακὰς δεῖ π. τὸ στρατόπεδον εἶναι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 5.1.9)]; π. τὴν κρήνην εὕδειν somewhere near it, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 259a, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.2.9; εἶναι π. τὸν λαγώ [prev. author] “Cyn.” 4.4)]; π. λίθον πεσών upon it, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 1180)]; π. αὑτὰ καταρρεῖν collapse upon themselves, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 2.10; ταραχθεῖσαι [αἱ νῆες] π. ἀλλήλας 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.23)]; πλεῦνες π. ἕνα many to one, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.103)]; π. τὸν ἄρξαντα.. τὸ ἀδίκημά ἐστι is imputable to him who.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 4.4.2: frequently with a)] substantive only, ἡ π. Λέσβον ναυμαχία the sea-fight off Lesbos, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.3.32; οἱ π. τὴν Ἔφεσον 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 179e; στρατηγοὶ π. Πελοπόννησον “IG” 12.324.18: strengthened, π. τ᾽ ἀμφί τε τάφρον 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.760; π. τ᾽ ἀμφί τε κύματα 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Theogonia” 848; compare ἀμφί with 1.2.)]
C.I.2 of persons who are about one, ἔχειν τινὰ π. αὑτόν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 5.3.22)]; especially οἱ π. τινά a person's attendants, connexions, associates, or colleagues, οἱ π. τὸν Πείσανδρον πρέσβεις [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.63)]; οἱ π. Ἡράκλειτον his school, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 440c, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.5.8, etc.)]; οἱ π. Ἀρχίαν πολέμαρχοι Archias and his colleagues, [Refs ([prev. author] “HG” 5.4.2, compare “An.” 2.4.2, etc.)]; οἱ π. τινά so-and-so and his family, [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (PGrenf. 1.21.16 (2nd c.BC), etc.)]; later οἱ π. τινά, periphrastic for the person himself, οἱ π. Φαβρίκιον Fabricius, [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Pyrrhus” 20, compare “Tim.” 13, “IGRom.” 3.883.14 (Tarsus, 2nd-3rd c.AD))]; compare ἀμφί C. 1.3.
C.I.3 of the object about which one is occupied or concerned, π. δόρπα πονεῖσθαι, π. δεῖπνον πένεσθαι, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.444, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.624 (but π. τεύχε᾽ ἕπουσι, tmesis for περιέπουσι, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.555))]; later mostly εἶναι π. τι, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.31, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.2.4; γενέσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 3.12)]; π. γυναῖκας γενέσθαι Vett.[Refs 5th c.BC+ (Val. 17.20; ὄντων ἡμῶν π. ταύτην τὴν πραγματείαν 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 48.6; διατρῖψαι π. τὴν θήραν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.2.11, etc.: less frequently ἔχειν π. τινάς [prev. author] “HG” 7.4.28, 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 15.442)]; in periphrastic phrases, οἱ π. τὴν ποίησιν καὶ τοὺς λόγους ὄντες poets and orators, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 12.35; οἱ π. τὴν φιλοσοφίαν ὄντες [prev. author] 9.8; οἱ π. τὴν μουσικήν [prev. work]4; οἱ π. τὰς τελετάς)] ministers of the mysteries, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 69c)]; ὁ π. τὸν ἵππον the groom, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitandi ratione” 6.3; compare ἀμφί C. 1.6.)]
C.I.4 round or about a place, and so in, π. νῆσον ἀλώμενοι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.368, compare 90; ἐμέμηκον π. σηκούς 9.439)]; ἃν π. ψυχὰν γάθησεν in his heart, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.122; χρονίζειν π. Αἴγυπτον 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.61, compare 7.131; εὕροι ἄν τις [βασιλείας] π. τοὺς βαρβάρους 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 544d, etc.)]; οἱ π. Φωκίδα τόποι [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 5.24.12, etc.)]
C.I.5 about, in the case of, τὰ π. τὴν Αἴγυπτον γεγονότα, τὰ π. Μίλητον γενόμενα, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.13, 6.26; εὐσεβεῖν π. θεούς 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 193a; ἀσεβεῖν π. ξένους 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.2.10; ἁμαρτάνειν π. τινάς [prev. author] “An.” 3.2.20; ἀνήρ ἐστιν ἀγαθὸς π. τὸν δῆμον τὸν Ἀθηναίων “IG” 12.59.10; ἄνδρ᾽ ἀγαθὸν ὄντα Μαραθῶνι π. τὴν πόλιν 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 696; τοιαύτην γνώμην ἔχειν π. τὸν πατέρα 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 10.21; οὐδεμία συμφορὴ.. ἔσται.. π. οἶκον τὸν σόν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.102)]; ποιέειν or πράττειν τι π. τινά, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 1.158, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 507a; τὰ π. Πρηξάσπεα πρηχθέντα 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.76; καινοτομεῖν π. τὰ θεῖα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthyphro” 3b; π. θεοὺς μὴ σωφρονεῖν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.1.20)]; σπουδάζειν π. τινά promote his cause, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 1.10)]: without a Verb, αἱ π. τοὺς παῖδας συμφοραί [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.2.20; ἡ π. αὑτὸν ἐπιμέλεια 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 9.2; ἡ π. ἡμᾶς ἡνιόχησις 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 246b)]: generally, of all relations, about, concerning, in respect of, π. μὲν τοὺς ἰχθύας οὕτως ἔχει [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.93, compare 8.86; πονηρὸν π. τὸ σῶμα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 313d; ἀκόλαστος π. ταῦτα 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 1.42; γελοῖος π. τὰς διατριβάς [prev. work]126; ξυνηνέχθη θόρυβος π. τὸν Ἀστύοχον 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.84)]; as to [Refs 5th c.BC+ (compare (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 11.5), π. τὸ παρὸν πάθος 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 179c, compare “Phd.” 65a: frequently in place of an)] adjective, ὄργανα ὅσα π. γεωργίαν, i.e. γεωργικά[Refs (, [prev. author] “R.” 370d; οἱ νόμοι οἱ π. τοὺς γάμους [prev. author] “Cri.” 50d; αἱ π. τὰ μαθήματα ἡδοναί [prev. author] “Phlb.” 51e)]; also in place of a genitive, οἱ π. Αυσίαν λόγοι the speeches of L., [Refs ([prev. author] “Phdr.” 279a)]; ἡ π. Φίλιππον τυραννίς the despotism of P., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 5.4.2; ἀκρασίας τῆς π. τὸν θυμόν 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1149b19)]: in Prose, to denote circumstances connected with any person or thing, τὰ π. Κῦρον, τὰ π. Ἑλένην, τὰ π. Βάττον, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.95, 2.113, 4.154)]; τὰ π. τὸν Ἄθων the works at Mount Athos, [Refs ([prev. author] 7.37)]; τὰ π. τὰς ναῦς naval affairs, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.13)]; τὰ π. τὴν ναυμαχίαν (variant for{τῆς ναυμαχίας}) the events of.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 8.63; τὰ π. τὸν πόλεμον 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 468a; τὰ π. τὸ σῶμα [prev. author] “Phdr.” 246d; τὰ π. τοὺς θεούς 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.1.23, etc.; compare ἀμφί with 1.4.)]
C.II of Time, π. λύχνων ἁφάς about the time of lamp-lighting, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.215)]; π. μέσας νύκτας about midnight, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.7.1; π. πλήθουσαν ἀγοράν [prev. work] 2.1.7)]; π. ἡλίου δυσμάς[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 6.5.32; π. τούτους τοὺς χρόνους 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.89, etc.)]
C.II.2 of round numbers, π. ἑβδομήκοντα about seventy, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 1.54; π. ἑπτακοσίους 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.4.5, etc.)]
D Position: π. may follow its substantive, when it suffers anastrophe, ἄστυ πέρι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.173; ἔριδος πέρι 16.476: most frequently with _genitive_, τοῦδε πράγματος πέρι 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 630; τῶνδε βουλεύειν πέρι [prev. author] “Th.” 248, etc. (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus)] only once uses it before its genitive, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“Aj.” 150 (_anapaest meter_)): in Prose, σφέων αὐτῶν πέρι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.36; σοφίας πέρι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Philebus” 49a; δικαίων τε πέρι καὶ ἀδίκων [prev. author] “Grg.” 455a, etc.; γραμμάτων εἴπομεν ὡς οὐχ ἱκανῶς ἔχεις πέρι [prev. author] “Lg.” 809e, compare “Ap.” 19c.)]
E περί absolutely, as adverb., around, about, also, near, by, frequently in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, γέλασσε δὲ πᾶσα π. χθών 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.362, +others: strengthened, περί τ᾽ ἀμφί τε κάλλος ἄητο)]round about, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (Hymnus in Cererem 276, compare 3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Hecale” 1.1.13.)]
E.II before or above others [Refs 4th c.BC+ (compare (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 111))], exceedingly, only Epic dialect, in which case it commonly suffers anastrophe, Τυδεΐδη, πέρι μέν σε τίον Δαναοί [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.161, compare 9.53)]; σε χρὴ πέρι μὲν φάσθαι ἔπος ἠδ᾽ ἐπακοῦσαι[Refs 8th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 100; τοι πέρι δῶκε θεὸς πολεμήϊα ἔργα 13.727; ἅ οἱ πέρι δῶκεν Ἀθήνη 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.116, compare 7.110; πέρι γάρ μιν ὀϊζυρὸν τέκε μήτηρ 3.95; πέρι κέρδεα οἶδεν 2.88; τὸν πέρι Μοῦσ᾽ ἐφίλησεν 8.63.)]
E.II.2 π. does not suffer anastrophe in the Epic dialect phrase π. κῆρι right heartily, π. κῆρι φίλησε [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.430, etc. (κῆρι φιλεῖν alone, 9.117); ἀπέχθωνται π. κῆρι 4.53)]; π. κῆρι τιέσκετο[Refs 8th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 46, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.36, 7.69; π. κῆρι.. ἐχολώθη 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.206; also π. φρεσὶν ἄσπετος ἀλκή 16.157; π. φρεσὶν αἴσιμα ᾔδη 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.433; ἀλύσσοντες π. θυμῷ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.70, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.146; π. σθένεϊ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.22.)]
E.II.3 for περὶ πρό, see at {περιπρό}.
E.II.4 περὶ κάτω bottom upwards, δῖνος π. κάτω τετραμμένος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Strattis Comicus 34, compare 9th c.AD: Photius Legal icographus, etc.; τὴν κόγχην στρέψας π. τὰ κάτω 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “De Natura Animalium - Ar.Byzantine Epit.” 9.34.)]
F IN COMPOSITION (joined with other words), all its chief senses recur, especially
F.I extension in all directions as from a centre, all round, as in περιβάλλω, περιβλέπω, περιέχω.
F.II completion of an orbit and return to the same point, about, as in περιάγω, περιβαίνω, περίειμι (εἶμι ibo), περιέρχομαι, περιστρέφω.
F.III a going over or beyond, above, before, as in περιβαίνω III, περιβάλλω see, περιγίγνομαι, περιεργάζομαι, περιτοξεύω.
F.IV generally, a strengthening of the simple notion, beyond measure, very, exceedingly, as in περικαλλής, περίκηλος, περιδείδω, like Latin per-.
F.V the notion of double-ness which belongs to ἀμφί is found in only one poetic compound, περιδέξιος (which see).
G PROSODY: περί never suffers elision in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” or 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” (περ᾽ ἰγνύσι “hymnus ad Mercurium” 152); once in 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus, περίαχε “Th.” 678 (compare 4th c.AD(?): Quintus Smyrnaeus Epicus 3.601, 11.382), see.{ἰάχω})] near the end; περ᾽ ἰγνύῃσι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 25.242; περ᾽ Ἠδάλιον “Inscription Cyprian dialect” 135.27 H.; also in 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus, περάπτων “P.” 3.52; περόδοις “N.” 11.40; περιδαῖος “fragment” 154; περ᾽ αὐτᾶς “P.” 4.265; ταύτας περ᾽ ἀτλάτου πάθας “O.” 6.38: not in Trag. (περεβάλοντο, περεσκήνωσεν are ff. lines in 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1147, “Eu.” 634))]; in Comedy texts and codices of Prose writers only in participle of περίειμι (εἶμι ibo) (which see):—π. stands before a word beginning with a vowel in Comedy texts, περὶ Ἀθηνῶν, περὶ ἐμοῦ, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 1005)] {περιαγαπάζομαι}:—Aeolic dialect περρ for the sake of meter, see [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 5.)]
Thess., Delph. περ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“IG” 9(2).517.17 (3rd c.BC), +others, “Schwyzer” 323 A 4 (5th-4th c.BC))], also Aeolic dialect, see below [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus)] V; Elean παρ [Refs ([prev. work]413.4)]: preposition with genitive, dative, and accusative:—round about, all round (properly different from ἀμφί, on both sides). (Cogn. with Sanskrit pári 'round about'.)
A WITH GENITIVE,
A.I of Place, sometimes in Poets, round about, around, τετάνυστο π. σπείους ἡμερίς [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.68; τείχη π. Δαρδανίας 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Troades” 818 (Lyric poetry, assuming variant); εἴλυμα π. χροός 3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 2.1129: rarely, like{ἀμφί})], on both sides, see at {περιβαίνω} [Refs (1 near the end)]
A.I.2 about near, π. σοῦ πάντα γένοιτο ῥόδα [Refs (“IG” 14.2508 (from Nemausus).)]
A.II to denote the object about or for which one does something:
A.II.1 with Verbs of fighting or contending, π. τινός for an object—from the notion of the thing's lying in the middle to be fought about, π. τῶνδε for these prizes, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.659; π. πτόλιος.. μαχήσεται 18.265; π. Πατρόκλοιο θανόντος [prev. work] 195, compare 17.120; π. σεῖο 3.137; π. νηὸς ἔχον πόνον 15.416; ἀμύνεσθαι π. πάτρης, π. νηῶν, π. τέκνων, 12.243, 142, 170, etc.)]; δόλους καὶ μῆτιν ὕφαινον, ὥς τε π. ψυχῆς since it was for my life, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.423; π. ψυχῆς θέον Ἕκτορος 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.161; π. ψυχέων ἐμάχοντο 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 22.245)]; in Prose, τρέχειν π. ἑωυτοῦ, π. τῆς ψυχῆς, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.57, 9.37; ἀγῶνας δραμέονται π. σφέων αὐτῶν [prev. author] 8.102; νεναυμάχηκε τὴν π. τῶν κρεῶν 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 191; [τὸν] π. τοῦ παντὸς δρόμον θέοντες 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.74; κινδυνεύειν π. τινός [prev. passage], etc.; οὐ π. τῶν ἴσων ὁ κίνδυνός ἐστι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 7.1.7)]; and without a Verb, π. γῆς ὅρων διαφοραί [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.122; π. πάντων ἀγαθῶν ὁ ἀγών 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.3.44, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 936 (Lyric poetry), etc.; μάχη π. τινός 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 179d; ἐπειγόμενοι π. νίκης 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.437, compare 639, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.26; πεῖραν θανάτου π. καὶ ζωᾶς ἀναβάλλεσθαι 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 9.29; π. θανάτου φεύγειν 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.95)]; but ἐρίσσαι π. μύθων contend about speaking, i. e. who can speak best, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.284; καὶ ἀθανάτοισιν ἐρίζεσκον π. τόξων 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.225, compare 24.515.)]
A.II.2 with words which denote care or anxiety, about, on account of, π. Τρώων.. μερμηρίζειν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 20.17; ἄχος π. τινός 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.249; φόνου π. βουλεύειν 16.234; φροντίζειν π. τινός 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.36, etc.; κήδεσθαι π. τ. 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 621; δεδιέναι π. τ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 320a, etc.; ἀπολογεῖσθαι π. τ. 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 2.2.13)]; κρίνειν, διαγιγνώσκειν π. τ., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 5.40, 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.96)]; π. τ. ψηφίζεσθαι, διαψηφίζεσθαι, ψῆφον φέρειν, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“IG” 12.57.42, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.3.50, 4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 11; βουλεύεσθαι π. τῆς κοινῆς σωτηρίας 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 5.69; π. Μεθωναίων “IG” 12.57.49)]; διανοεῖσθαι, σκοπεῖν π. τινός, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 270d, “Phd.” 65e; μαντεύεσθαι π. τ. 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.36, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 77)]; π. πότου γοῦν ἐστί σο; so with you it is a question of drink? [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 87, compare 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.43b.)]
A.II.3 with Verbs of hearing, knowing, speaking, etc., about, concerning, π. νόστου ἄκουσα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.270; οἶδα γὰρ εὖ π. κείνου 17.563; π. πομπῆς μνησόμεθα 7.191; π. πατρὸς ἐρέσθαι 1.135, 3.77)]; π. τινὸς ἐρέειν, λέγειν, λόγον ποιήσασθαι, etc., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.5, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 707, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.6.13, etc.; λέγειν καὶ ἀκούειν π. ἑκάστου 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.22, etc.; λόγος π. τινός 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 347b, etc.; ἡ π. τινὸς φήμη 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 1.48)]; π. τινὸς ἀγγεῖλαι, κηρῦξαι, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 1111, “Ant.” 193)]; π. τινὸς διελθεῖν, διεξελθεῖν, διηγεῖσθαι, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 9.2, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Politicus” 274b, “Euthphr.” 6c, etc.; παίζειν π. τινός 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.3.8; ἐμπειροτέρως ἔχειν π. τινός 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 1.82; νόμον γράψαι π. τινός 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.3.52, etc.; νόμῳ χρῆσθαι π. τινός 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 214.)]
A.II.4 of impulse or motive rather than object, ἐμαρνάσθην ἔριδος πέρι fought for very enmity, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.301, compare 16.476, 20.253.)]
A.II.5 about, in regard to, μεμηνυμένος π. τινός [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.53; οὕτως ἔσχε π. τοῦ πρήγματος τούτου 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.117; τὰ π. τῶν Πλαταιῶν γεγενημένα 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.6; τὸ π. τούτου γεγονός 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 1.54.5)]: in Prose frequently without a Verb, ἡ π. τῶν Μαντινικῶν πρᾶξις [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.88)]; τὰ π. τινός the circumstances of.., [Refs ([prev. work] 32, 8.14, 26, etc. (compare infr. C. 1.5))]; οὕτω δὴ καὶ π. τῶν ἀρετῶν (i.e. ἔχει) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Meno” 72c, compare “R.” 534b, 551c, etc.)]; π. τοῦ καταλειφθῆναι τὸν σῖτον as for reserving the corn, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“PMich.Zen.” 28.5 (3rd c.BC): without the _Article_, ἀριθμοῦ πέρι)] as to number, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.102)]; χρηστηρίων δὲ πέρι.. [Refs ([prev. author] 2.54.)]
A.III before, above, beyond, of superiority, chiefly in Epic dialect, π. πάντων ἔμμεναι ἄλλων [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.287; π. δ᾽ ἄλλων φασὶ γενέσθαι 4.375; τετιμῆσθαι π. πάντων 9.38; ὃν π. πάσης τῖεν ὁμηλικίης 5.325; ὃν.. π. πάντων φίλατο παίδων 20.304; π. πάντων ἴδριες ἀνδρῶν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 7.108; κρατερὸς π. πάντων 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.566, compare 1.417, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.216: in this sense frequently divided from its _genitive_, π. φρένας ἔμμεναι ἄλλων)] in understanding to be beyond them, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.171, compare 1.258, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.66; π. μὲν εἶδος, π. δ᾽ ἔργα τέτυκτο τῶν ἄλλων Δαναῶν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.279; π. μὲν κρατέεις, π. δ᾽ αἴσυλα ῥέζεις ἀνδρῶν 21.214; π. δ᾽ ἔγχει Ἀχαιῶν φέρτατός ἐσσι 7.289, compare 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 6.50, 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 25.119.)] —In this sense π. is sometimes adverbial, and the genitive is absent, see below [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus II.)]
A.IV in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus and _Attic dialect_ Prose, to denote value, ἡμῖν π. πολλοῦ ἐστι)] it is of much consequence, worth much, to us, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1. 120, compare 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 6.3)]; π. πολλοῦ ποιεῖσθαί τινας to reckon them for, i.e. worth, much, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.73, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 2.3.10, etc.)]; π. πλείονος, π. πλείστου ποιεῖσθαι, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “An.” 7.7.44, “Cyr.” 7.5.60; π. πλείστου ἡγεῖσθαι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.89; π. παντὸς ποιεῖσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.4.1)]; π. ἐλάττονος ἡγούμενοι, π. οὐδενὸς ἡγήσασθαι, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 2.71, 31.31.)]
A.V Aeolic dialect περί and περ ={ὑπέρ, στροῦθοι περὶ γᾶς.. δίννεντες πτέρα} [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica 1.10)]; περ κεφάλας probably in [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus 93, compare 18; περρ ἁπαλῶ στύματός σε πεδέρχομαι 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 29.25)]; also Hellenistic, ὃ διέγραψε Προῖτος περί μου paid on my behalf, PCair. Zen.[Refs 3rd c.BC+ (790.23 (3rd c.BC),compare “UPZ” 57.12 (2nd c.BC).)]
B WITH DATIVE (in Attic dialect Prose mostly in signification [Refs 5th c.BC+ (11, especially in 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus),)]
B.I of Place, round about, around, of close-fitting dresses, armour, etc., ἔνδυνε π. στήθεσσι χιτῶνα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.21; χιτῶνα π. χροῒ δῦνεν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 15.60; δύσετο τεύχεα καλὰ π. χροΐ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.241; ἕσσαντο π. χροῒ χαλκόν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 24.467; κνημῖδας.. π. κνήμῃσιν ἔθηκε 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.17; βεβλήκει τελαμῶνα π. στήθεσσι 12.401: in Prose, π. τῇσι κεφαλῇσι εἶχον τιάρας 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.61; θώρακα π. τοῖς στέρνοις ἔχειν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.2.13)]; οἱ στρεπτοὶ οἱ π. τῇ δέρῃ καὶ τὰ ψέλια π. ταῖς χερσί[Refs 8th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 1.3.2.; π. τῇ χειρὶ δακτύλιον ὄντα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 359e, etc.; χαλκὸς ἔλαμπε π. στήθεσσι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.245; χιτῶνα π. στήθεσσι δαΐξαι 2.416; πήληξ.. κονάβησε π. κροτάφοισι 15.648)]; in other relations, π. δ᾽ ἔγχεϊ χεῖρα καμεῖται will grow weary by grasping the spear,[Refs (2.389; δράκων ἑλισσόμενος π. χειῇ 22.95; κνίση ἑλισσομένη π. καπνῷ 1.317; π. σταχύεσσιν ἐέρση 23.598; μάρναντο π. Σκαιῇσι πύλῃσιν 18.453)]: rarely in Trag., π. βρέτει πλεχθείς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 259 (Lyric poetry); κεῖται νεκρὸς π. νεκρῷ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 1240.)]
B.I.2 in Poets, also, around a weapon, i. e. spitted upon it, transfixed by it, π. δουρὶ πεπαρμένη [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.577; ἐρεικόμενος π. δουρί 13.441; κυλινδόμενος π. χαλκῷ 8.86; π. δουρὶ ἤσπαιρε 13.570; πεπτῶτα π. ξίφει 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 828; αἷμα ἐρωήσει π. δουρί 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.303.)]
B.I.3 of a warrior standing over a dead comrade so as to defend him, ἀμφὶ δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ αὐτῷ βαῖν᾽, ὥς τις π. πόρτακι μήτηρ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (17.4; ἑστήκει, ὥς τίς τε λέων π. οἷσι τέκεσσι [prev. work] 133; Αἴας π. Πατρόκλῳ.. βεβήκει [prev. work] 137, compare 355; π. σκύμνοισι βεβηκώς 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 1039.)]
B.II of an object for or about which one struggles (compare above [Refs 8th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 11.1), π. οἷσι μαχειόμενος κτεάτεσσι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 17.471; μαχήσασθαι π. δαιτί 2.245; π. παιδὶ μάχης πόνος 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.568; ἄνδρα π. ᾗ πατρίδι μαρνάμενον 7th c.BC: Tyrtaeus Elegiacus 10.2; π. τοῖς φιλτάτοις κυβεύειν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 314a; π. τῇ Σικελίᾳ ἔσται ὁ ἀγών 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.34 codices; κινδυνεύειν π. αὑτῷ 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.6.)]
B.II.2 with Verbs denoting care, anxiety, or the opposite (compare above [Refs 8th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 11.2), π. γὰρ δίε ποιμένι λαῶν, μή τι πάθοι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.566; ἔδεισεν δὲ π. ξανθῷ Μενελάῳ 10.240, compare 11.557; δεδιότες π. τῷ χωρίῳ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.60, compare 74, 119, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 27; θαρρεῖν π. τῇ ἑαυτοῦ ψυχῇ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 114d, compare “Tht.” 148c; π. πλέγματι γαθεῖ 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 1.54.)]
B.II.3 generally, of the cause or occasion, on account of, by reason of, ἀτύζεσθαι π. καπνῷ, variant for{ὑπὸ καπνοῦ} in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.183; μὴ π. Μαρδονίῳ πταίσῃ ἡ Ἑλλάς 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.101; π. σφίσιν αὐτοῖς πταῖσαι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.33; π. αὑτῷ σφαλῆναι [prev. author] 1.69: in Poets, π. δείματι)] for fear, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 5.58)]; π. τιμᾷ in honour or praise, [Refs ([prev. work] 2.59)]; π. τάρβει, π. φόβῳ, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 696 (Lyric poetry), “Ch.” 35 (Lyric poetry); π. χάρματι “hymnus ad Cererem” 429:)] —but π. θυμῷ is falsa lectio in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.50.)]
C WITH ACCUSATIVE,
C.I of Place, properly of the object round about which motion takes place, π. βόθρον ἐφοίτων came flocking round the pit, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.42; π. νεκρὸν ἤλασαν ἵππους 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.13; π. τέρματα ἵπποι τρωχῶσι 22.162; ἄστυ πέρι.. διώκειν [prev. work] 173, 230)]; ἐρύσας π. σῆμα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (24.16, compare 51, etc.; π. φρένας ἤλυθ᾽ ἰωή 10.139; π. φρένας ἤλυθε οἶνος 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.362)]: also of extension round, ἑστάμεναι π. τοῖχον, π. βωμόν, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.374, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.187, etc.; λέξασθαι π. ἄστυ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.519; μάρνασθαι π. ἄ. 6.256, etc.; φυλάσσοντας π. μῆλα 12.303; οἳ π. Πηνειὸν.. ναίεσκον, π. Δωδώνην.. οἰκί᾽ ἔθεντο, 2.757, 750; σειρήν κεν π. ῥίον Οὐλύμποιο δησαίμην 8.25, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 18.67: in Prose, ἰκριῶσαι π. τὼ ἀγάλματε “IG” 12.371.22; φυλακὰς δεῖ π. τὸ στρατόπεδον εἶναι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 5.1.9)]; π. τὴν κρήνην εὕδειν somewhere near it, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 259a, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.2.9; εἶναι π. τὸν λαγώ [prev. author] “Cyn.” 4.4)]; π. λίθον πεσών upon it, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 1180)]; π. αὑτὰ καταρρεῖν collapse upon themselves, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 2.10; ταραχθεῖσαι [αἱ νῆες] π. ἀλλήλας 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.23)]; πλεῦνες π. ἕνα many to one, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.103)]; π. τὸν ἄρξαντα.. τὸ ἀδίκημά ἐστι is imputable to him who.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 4.4.2: frequently with a)] substantive only, ἡ π. Λέσβον ναυμαχία the sea-fight off Lesbos, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.3.32; οἱ π. τὴν Ἔφεσον 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 179e; στρατηγοὶ π. Πελοπόννησον “IG” 12.324.18: strengthened, π. τ᾽ ἀμφί τε τάφρον 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.760; π. τ᾽ ἀμφί τε κύματα 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Theogonia” 848; compare ἀμφί with 1.2.)]
C.I.2 of persons who are about one, ἔχειν τινὰ π. αὑτόν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 5.3.22)]; especially οἱ π. τινά a person's attendants, connexions, associates, or colleagues, οἱ π. τὸν Πείσανδρον πρέσβεις [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.63)]; οἱ π. Ἡράκλειτον his school, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 440c, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.5.8, etc.)]; οἱ π. Ἀρχίαν πολέμαρχοι Archias and his colleagues, [Refs ([prev. author] “HG” 5.4.2, compare “An.” 2.4.2, etc.)]; οἱ π. τινά so-and-so and his family, [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (PGrenf. 1.21.16 (2nd c.BC), etc.)]; later οἱ π. τινά, periphrastic for the person himself, οἱ π. Φαβρίκιον Fabricius, [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Pyrrhus” 20, compare “Tim.” 13, “IGRom.” 3.883.14 (Tarsus, 2nd-3rd c.AD))]; compare ἀμφί C. 1.3.
C.I.3 of the object about which one is occupied or concerned, π. δόρπα πονεῖσθαι, π. δεῖπνον πένεσθαι, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.444, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.624 (but π. τεύχε᾽ ἕπουσι, tmesis for περιέπουσι, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.555))]; later mostly εἶναι π. τι, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.31, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.2.4; γενέσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 3.12)]; π. γυναῖκας γενέσθαι Vett.[Refs 5th c.BC+ (Val. 17.20; ὄντων ἡμῶν π. ταύτην τὴν πραγματείαν 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 48.6; διατρῖψαι π. τὴν θήραν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.2.11, etc.: less frequently ἔχειν π. τινάς [prev. author] “HG” 7.4.28, 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 15.442)]; in periphrastic phrases, οἱ π. τὴν ποίησιν καὶ τοὺς λόγους ὄντες poets and orators, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 12.35; οἱ π. τὴν φιλοσοφίαν ὄντες [prev. author] 9.8; οἱ π. τὴν μουσικήν [prev. work]4; οἱ π. τὰς τελετάς)] ministers of the mysteries, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 69c)]; ὁ π. τὸν ἵππον the groom, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitandi ratione” 6.3; compare ἀμφί C. 1.6.)]
C.I.4 round or about a place, and so in, π. νῆσον ἀλώμενοι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.368, compare 90; ἐμέμηκον π. σηκούς 9.439)]; ἃν π. ψυχὰν γάθησεν in his heart, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.122; χρονίζειν π. Αἴγυπτον 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.61, compare 7.131; εὕροι ἄν τις [βασιλείας] π. τοὺς βαρβάρους 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 544d, etc.)]; οἱ π. Φωκίδα τόποι [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 5.24.12, etc.)]
C.I.5 about, in the case of, τὰ π. τὴν Αἴγυπτον γεγονότα, τὰ π. Μίλητον γενόμενα, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.13, 6.26; εὐσεβεῖν π. θεούς 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 193a; ἀσεβεῖν π. ξένους 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.2.10; ἁμαρτάνειν π. τινάς [prev. author] “An.” 3.2.20; ἀνήρ ἐστιν ἀγαθὸς π. τὸν δῆμον τὸν Ἀθηναίων “IG” 12.59.10; ἄνδρ᾽ ἀγαθὸν ὄντα Μαραθῶνι π. τὴν πόλιν 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 696; τοιαύτην γνώμην ἔχειν π. τὸν πατέρα 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 10.21; οὐδεμία συμφορὴ.. ἔσται.. π. οἶκον τὸν σόν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.102)]; ποιέειν or πράττειν τι π. τινά, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 1.158, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 507a; τὰ π. Πρηξάσπεα πρηχθέντα 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.76; καινοτομεῖν π. τὰ θεῖα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthyphro” 3b; π. θεοὺς μὴ σωφρονεῖν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.1.20)]; σπουδάζειν π. τινά promote his cause, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 1.10)]: without a Verb, αἱ π. τοὺς παῖδας συμφοραί [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.2.20; ἡ π. αὑτὸν ἐπιμέλεια 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 9.2; ἡ π. ἡμᾶς ἡνιόχησις 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 246b)]: generally, of all relations, about, concerning, in respect of, π. μὲν τοὺς ἰχθύας οὕτως ἔχει [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.93, compare 8.86; πονηρὸν π. τὸ σῶμα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 313d; ἀκόλαστος π. ταῦτα 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 1.42; γελοῖος π. τὰς διατριβάς [prev. work]126; ξυνηνέχθη θόρυβος π. τὸν Ἀστύοχον 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.84)]; as to [Refs 5th c.BC+ (compare (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 11.5), π. τὸ παρὸν πάθος 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 179c, compare “Phd.” 65a: frequently in place of an)] adjective, ὄργανα ὅσα π. γεωργίαν, i.e. γεωργικά[Refs (, [prev. author] “R.” 370d; οἱ νόμοι οἱ π. τοὺς γάμους [prev. author] “Cri.” 50d; αἱ π. τὰ μαθήματα ἡδοναί [prev. author] “Phlb.” 51e)]; also in place of a genitive, οἱ π. Αυσίαν λόγοι the speeches of L., [Refs ([prev. author] “Phdr.” 279a)]; ἡ π. Φίλιππον τυραννίς the despotism of P., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 5.4.2; ἀκρασίας τῆς π. τὸν θυμόν 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1149b19)]: in Prose, to denote circumstances connected with any person or thing, τὰ π. Κῦρον, τὰ π. Ἑλένην, τὰ π. Βάττον, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.95, 2.113, 4.154)]; τὰ π. τὸν Ἄθων the works at Mount Athos, [Refs ([prev. author] 7.37)]; τὰ π. τὰς ναῦς naval affairs, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.13)]; τὰ π. τὴν ναυμαχίαν (variant for{τῆς ναυμαχίας}) the events of.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 8.63; τὰ π. τὸν πόλεμον 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 468a; τὰ π. τὸ σῶμα [prev. author] “Phdr.” 246d; τὰ π. τοὺς θεούς 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.1.23, etc.; compare ἀμφί with 1.4.)]
C.II of Time, π. λύχνων ἁφάς about the time of lamp-lighting, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.215)]; π. μέσας νύκτας about midnight, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.7.1; π. πλήθουσαν ἀγοράν [prev. work] 2.1.7)]; π. ἡλίου δυσμάς[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 6.5.32; π. τούτους τοὺς χρόνους 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.89, etc.)]
C.II.2 of round numbers, π. ἑβδομήκοντα about seventy, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 1.54; π. ἑπτακοσίους 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.4.5, etc.)]
D Position: π. may follow its substantive, when it suffers anastrophe, ἄστυ πέρι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.173; ἔριδος πέρι 16.476: most frequently with _genitive_, τοῦδε πράγματος πέρι 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 630; τῶνδε βουλεύειν πέρι [prev. author] “Th.” 248, etc. (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus)] only once uses it before its genitive, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“Aj.” 150 (_anapaest meter_)): in Prose, σφέων αὐτῶν πέρι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.36; σοφίας πέρι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Philebus” 49a; δικαίων τε πέρι καὶ ἀδίκων [prev. author] “Grg.” 455a, etc.; γραμμάτων εἴπομεν ὡς οὐχ ἱκανῶς ἔχεις πέρι [prev. author] “Lg.” 809e, compare “Ap.” 19c.)]
E περί absolutely, as adverb., around, about, also, near, by, frequently in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, γέλασσε δὲ πᾶσα π. χθών 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.362, +others: strengthened, περί τ᾽ ἀμφί τε κάλλος ἄητο)]round about, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (Hymnus in Cererem 276, compare 3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Hecale” 1.1.13.)]
E.II before or above others [Refs 4th c.BC+ (compare (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 111))], exceedingly, only Epic dialect, in which case it commonly suffers anastrophe, Τυδεΐδη, πέρι μέν σε τίον Δαναοί [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.161, compare 9.53)]; σε χρὴ πέρι μὲν φάσθαι ἔπος ἠδ᾽ ἐπακοῦσαι[Refs 8th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 100; τοι πέρι δῶκε θεὸς πολεμήϊα ἔργα 13.727; ἅ οἱ πέρι δῶκεν Ἀθήνη 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.116, compare 7.110; πέρι γάρ μιν ὀϊζυρὸν τέκε μήτηρ 3.95; πέρι κέρδεα οἶδεν 2.88; τὸν πέρι Μοῦσ᾽ ἐφίλησεν 8.63.)]
E.II.2 π. does not suffer anastrophe in the Epic dialect phrase π. κῆρι right heartily, π. κῆρι φίλησε [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.430, etc. (κῆρι φιλεῖν alone, 9.117); ἀπέχθωνται π. κῆρι 4.53)]; π. κῆρι τιέσκετο[Refs 8th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 46, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.36, 7.69; π. κῆρι.. ἐχολώθη 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.206; also π. φρεσὶν ἄσπετος ἀλκή 16.157; π. φρεσὶν αἴσιμα ᾔδη 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.433; ἀλύσσοντες π. θυμῷ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.70, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.146; π. σθένεϊ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.22.)]
E.II.3 for περὶ πρό, see at {περιπρό}.
E.II.4 περὶ κάτω bottom upwards, δῖνος π. κάτω τετραμμένος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Strattis Comicus 34, compare 9th c.AD: Photius Legal icographus, etc.; τὴν κόγχην στρέψας π. τὰ κάτω 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “De Natura Animalium - Ar.Byzantine Epit.” 9.34.)]
F IN COMPOSITION (joined with other words), all its chief senses recur, especially
F.I extension in all directions as from a centre, all round, as in περιβάλλω, περιβλέπω, περιέχω.
F.II completion of an orbit and return to the same point, about, as in περιάγω, περιβαίνω, περίειμι (εἶμι ibo), περιέρχομαι, περιστρέφω.
F.III a going over or beyond, above, before, as in περιβαίνω III, περιβάλλω see, περιγίγνομαι, περιεργάζομαι, περιτοξεύω.
F.IV generally, a strengthening of the simple notion, beyond measure, very, exceedingly, as in περικαλλής, περίκηλος, περιδείδω, like Latin per-.
F.V the notion of double-ness which belongs to ἀμφί is found in only one poetic compound, περιδέξιος (which see).
G PROSODY: περί never suffers elision in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” or 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” (περ᾽ ἰγνύσι “hymnus ad Mercurium” 152); once in 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus, περίαχε “Th.” 678 (compare 4th c.AD(?): Quintus Smyrnaeus Epicus 3.601, 11.382), see.{ἰάχω})] near the end; περ᾽ ἰγνύῃσι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 25.242; περ᾽ Ἠδάλιον “Inscription Cyprian dialect” 135.27 H.; also in 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus, περάπτων “P.” 3.52; περόδοις “N.” 11.40; περιδαῖος “fragment” 154; περ᾽ αὐτᾶς “P.” 4.265; ταύτας περ᾽ ἀτλάτου πάθας “O.” 6.38: not in Trag. (περεβάλοντο, περεσκήνωσεν are ff. lines in 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1147, “Eu.” 634))]; in Comedy texts and codices of Prose writers only in participle of περίειμι (εἶμι ibo) (which see):—π. stands before a word beginning with a vowel in Comedy texts, περὶ Ἀθηνῶν, περὶ ἐμοῦ, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 1005)] {περιαγαπάζομαι}:—Aeolic dialect περρ for the sake of meter, see [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 5.)]