Strong G3739ὅς
which
- Transliteration
- hos hē ho
- Pronunciation
- hos hay ho
- Morphology
- Greek Relative Pronoun
Definition
Detailed definition
ὅς, ἥ, ὅ,
the postpositive article (ἄρθρον ὑποτακτικόν).
I. As demonstr. pron. = οὗτος, ὅδε, this, that, also for αὐτός, chiefly in nom.: ὅς δέ, but he (cf. ἦ δὲ ὅς, frequently in Plat.), Mrk.15:23, Jhn.5:11; ὃς μὲν... ὃς δέ, the one... the other, Mat.21:35, 22:5, 25:15, Luk.23:33, Act.27:14, Rom.14:5, 1Co.11:21, 2Co.2:18, Ju 22; neut., ὃ μὲν... ὃ δέ, the one... the other, some... some, Mat.13:8, 23, Rom.9:21; ὃς (ὃ) μὲν... (ἄλλος (ἄλλο))... ἕτερος, Mrk.4:4, Luk.8:5, 1Co.12:8-10; οὓς μέν, absol., 1Co.12:28; ὃς μὲν... ὁ δέ, Rom.14:2.
II. As relat. pron., who, which, what, that;
1. agreeing in gender with its antecedent, but differently governed as to case: Mat.2:9, Luk.9:9, Act.20:18, Rom.2:29, al. mult.
2. In variation from the common construction;
__(a) in gender, agreeing with a noun in apposition to the antecedent: Mrk.15:16, Gal.3:16, Eph.6:17, al.; constr. ad sensum: Jhn.6:9, Col.2:19, 1Ti.3:16, Rev.13:14, al.;
__(b) in number, constr. ad sensum: Act.15:36, 2Pe.3:1;
__(with) in case, by attraction to the case of the antecedent (Bl., §50, 2): Jhn.4:18, Act.3:21, Rom.15:18, 1Co.6:19, Eph.1:8, al.
3. The neut. ὅ with nouns of other gender and with phrases, which thing, which term: Mrk.3:17 12:42, Jhn.1:39, Col.3:14, al.; with a sentence, Act.2:32, Gal.2:10, 1Jn.2:8, al.
4. With ellipse of a demonstrative (οὗτος or ἐκεῖνος), before or after: before, Mat.20:23, Luk.7:43, Rom.10:14, al.; after, Mat.10:38, Mrk.9:40, Jhn.19:22, Rom.2:1 al.
5. Expressing purpose, end or cause: Mat.11:10 (who = that he may), Mrk.1:2, Heb.12:6 al.
6. C. prep, as periphrasis for conjc.: ἀνθ᾽ ὧν ( = ἀντὶ τούτων ὧν), because, Luk.1:20, al.; wherefore, Luk.12:3; ἐξ οὗ, since, for that, Rom.5:12; ἀφ᾽ οὗ, since (temporal), Luk.13:25; ἐξ οὗ, whence, Php.3:20; etc.
7. With particles: ὃς ἄν (ἐάν), see: ἄν, ἐάν; ὃς καί, Mrk.3:19, Jhn.21:20, Rom.5:2, al.; ὃς καὶ αὐτός, Mat.27:57.
8. Gen., οὗ, absol., as adv. (see: οὗ).
(AS)
the postpositive article (ἄρθρον ὑποτακτικόν).
I. As demonstr. pron. = οὗτος, ὅδε, this, that, also for αὐτός, chiefly in nom.: ὅς δέ, but he (cf. ἦ δὲ ὅς, frequently in Plat.), Mrk.15:23, Jhn.5:11; ὃς μὲν... ὃς δέ, the one... the other, Mat.21:35, 22:5, 25:15, Luk.23:33, Act.27:14, Rom.14:5, 1Co.11:21, 2Co.2:18, Ju 22; neut., ὃ μὲν... ὃ δέ, the one... the other, some... some, Mat.13:8, 23, Rom.9:21; ὃς (ὃ) μὲν... (ἄλλος (ἄλλο))... ἕτερος, Mrk.4:4, Luk.8:5, 1Co.12:8-10; οὓς μέν, absol., 1Co.12:28; ὃς μὲν... ὁ δέ, Rom.14:2.
II. As relat. pron., who, which, what, that;
1. agreeing in gender with its antecedent, but differently governed as to case: Mat.2:9, Luk.9:9, Act.20:18, Rom.2:29, al. mult.
2. In variation from the common construction;
__(a) in gender, agreeing with a noun in apposition to the antecedent: Mrk.15:16, Gal.3:16, Eph.6:17, al.; constr. ad sensum: Jhn.6:9, Col.2:19, 1Ti.3:16, Rev.13:14, al.;
__(b) in number, constr. ad sensum: Act.15:36, 2Pe.3:1;
__(with) in case, by attraction to the case of the antecedent (Bl., §50, 2): Jhn.4:18, Act.3:21, Rom.15:18, 1Co.6:19, Eph.1:8, al.
3. The neut. ὅ with nouns of other gender and with phrases, which thing, which term: Mrk.3:17 12:42, Jhn.1:39, Col.3:14, al.; with a sentence, Act.2:32, Gal.2:10, 1Jn.2:8, al.
4. With ellipse of a demonstrative (οὗτος or ἐκεῖνος), before or after: before, Mat.20:23, Luk.7:43, Rom.10:14, al.; after, Mat.10:38, Mrk.9:40, Jhn.19:22, Rom.2:1 al.
5. Expressing purpose, end or cause: Mat.11:10 (who = that he may), Mrk.1:2, Heb.12:6 al.
6. C. prep, as periphrasis for conjc.: ἀνθ᾽ ὧν ( = ἀντὶ τούτων ὧν), because, Luk.1:20, al.; wherefore, Luk.12:3; ἐξ οὗ, since, for that, Rom.5:12; ἀφ᾽ οὗ, since (temporal), Luk.13:25; ἐξ οὗ, whence, Php.3:20; etc.
7. With particles: ὃς ἄν (ἐάν), see: ἄν, ἐάν; ὃς καί, Mrk.3:19, Jhn.21:20, Rom.5:2, al.; ὃς καὶ αὐτός, Mat.27:57.
8. Gen., οὗ, absol., as adv. (see: οὗ).
(AS)
In the Bible
Strong G3739 appears in 1,229 verses of the KJV.
Translated in the KJV by
- which369
- whom250
- that156
- who84
- whose49
- thing48
- whosoever42
- what35
- whatsoever23
- wherein22
- whereof14
- he12
First verses
- Matthew 1:16And Jacob begat Joseph the husband of Mary, of whom was born Jesus, who is called Christ.
- Matthew 1:23Behold, a virgin shall be with child, and shall bring forth a son, and they shall call his name Emmanuel, which being interpreted is, God with us.
- Matthew 1:25And knew her not till she had brought forth her firstborn son: and he called his name JESUS.
- Matthew 2:9When they had heard the king, they departed; and, lo, the star, which they saw in the east, went before them, till it came and stood over where the young child was.
- Matthew 2:16Then Herod, when he saw that he was mocked of the wise men, was exceeding wroth, and sent forth, and slew all the children that were in Bethlehem, and in all the coasts thereof, from two years old and under, according to the time which he had diligently enquired of the wise men.
- Matthew 3:11I indeed baptize you with water unto repentance: but he that cometh after me is mightier than I, whose shoes I am not worthy to bear: he shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost, and with fire:
- Matthew 3:12Whose fan is in his hand, and he will throughly purge his floor, and gather his wheat into the garner; but he will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire.
- Matthew 3:17And lo a voice from heaven, saying, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.
- Matthew 5:19Whosoever therefore shall break one of these least commandments, and shall teach men so, he shall be called the least in the kingdom of heaven: but whosoever shall do and teach them, the same shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven.
- Matthew 5:21Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt not kill; and whosoever shall kill shall be in danger of the judgment:
- Matthew 5:22But I say unto you, That whosoever is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment: and whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the council: but whosoever shall say, Thou fool, shall be in danger of hell fire.
- Matthew 5:31It hath been said, Whosoever shall put away his wife, let him give her a writing of divorcement:
- Matthew 5:32But I say unto you, That whosoever shall put away his wife, saving for the cause of fornication, causeth her to commit adultery: and whosoever shall marry her that is divorced committeth adultery.
- Matthew 6:8Be not ye therefore like unto them: for your Father knoweth what things ye have need of, before ye ask him.
- Matthew 7:2For with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged: and with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again.
- Matthew 7:9Or what man is there of you, whom if his son ask bread, will he give him a stone?
- Matthew 8:4And Jesus saith unto him, See thou tell no man; but go thy way, shew thyself to the priest, and offer the gift that Moses commanded, for a testimony unto them.
- Matthew 10:11And into whatsoever city or town ye shall enter, enquire who in it is worthy; and there abide till ye go thence.
- Matthew 10:14And whosoever shall not receive you, nor hear your words, when ye depart out of that house or city, shake off the dust of your feet.
- Matthew 10:26Fear them not therefore: for there is nothing covered, that shall not be revealed; and hid, that shall not be known.
Occurrences by book
Related words
Word family
- ὁποῖοςwhat sort?G3697
- καθόinsofar asG2526
- καθάas/just asG2505
- ὅπωςthatG3704
- ὅσπερwhoG3746
- ὅπουwhere(-ever)G3699
- ὡςas/whenG5613
- ὅτεwhenG3753
- τοσοῦτοςso greatG5118
- διόthereforeG1352
- ὁσάκιςwheneverG3740
- ὁπότεwhen(-ever)G3698
- ὅσοςjust as/how muchG3745
- πόσοςhow much/many?G4214
- καθότιas/just asG2530
- ὅστιςwho/whichG3748
- ὅθενwhenceG3606
- ὅ ἐστιwhich isG3603
Detailed Greek dictionary
ὅς, ἥ, ὅ,
genitive οὗ, ἧς, οὗ, etc.; dative plural οἷς, αἷς, οἷς, etc.: Epic dialect forms, genitive ὅου (probably replacing Οο) in the phrases ὅου κλέος οὔ ποτ᾽ ὀλεῖται [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.325, “hymnus ad Apollinem” 156; ὅου κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.70 (elsewhere οὗ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.325, +others, never οἷο))]; feminine ἕης [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.208 (perhaps imitation of ὅου)]; elsewhere only ἧς [Refs (5.265, +others))]; dative plural οἷς, οἷσι, ᾗς, ᾗσι (never αἷς or αἷσι in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus):)] — _pronoun_ used,
A as demonstrative by the side of οὗτος, ὅδε, and the Article ὁ, ἡ, τό: in post-Homeric Gr. this use survived only in a few special phrases.
B as a Relat. by the side of the Article ὅ, ἥ, τό (see. ὁ, ἡ, τό, c):—this demonstrative and Relat. pronoun must not be confounded with the Possess. ὅς, ἥ, ὅν. (With Gr. Relat. ὅς, ἥ, ὅ cf. Sanskrit Relat. yas, yā, yad, Lithuanian jis, ji (he, she), Oslav. i, ja, je (he, she, it).)
A DEMONSTR. PRON., ={οὗτος},{ὅδε}, this, that; also, he, she, it:
A.I Homeric usage: this form only occurs in the nominative masculine and neuter ὅς, ὅ, and perhaps nominative feminine ἥ and nominative plural οἵ, the other cases being supplied by ὁ, ἡ, τό (ὅ, ἡ, τό); most codices have ἥ in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.551, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 24.255, +others, and this (as also οἵ) can be referred equally to either (on the accent see ὁ, ἡ, τό): with γάρ or καί, ὃς γὰρ δεύτατος ἦλθεν 1.286; ἀλλὰ καὶ ὃς δείδοικε 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.198; ὃ γὰρ γέρας ἐστὶ θανόντων 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 24.190, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.9, compare 12.344: frequently used emphatically in apodosi, mostly with οὐδέ or μηδέ)] before it, μηδ᾽ ὅν τινα γαστέρι μήτηρ κοῦρον ἐόντα φέροι, μηδ᾽ ὃς φύγοι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.59, compare 7.160, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.653: after a)]participle, εἰς ἕτερον γάρ τίς τε ἰδών.., ὃς σπεύδει (for ὅστις ἂν ἴδῃ, ὃς σπεύδει) [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 22.)]
A.II in later Gr. this usage remained in a few forms:
A.II.1 at the beginning of a clause, καὶ ὅς and he, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.18, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Symposium” 1.15, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 118, “Prt.” 310d)]; καὶ ἥ and she, καὶ οἵ and they, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.56, 87, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 201e, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 7.6.4.)]
A.II.2 ὃς καὶ ὅς such and such a person, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.68:)] —here also the _Article_ supplied the oblative cases.
A.II.3 ἦ δ᾽ ὅς, ἦ δ᾽ ἥ, said he, said she, see at {ἠμί}.
A.II.4 in oppositions, where it sometimes answers to the Article, Λέριοι κακοί· οὐχ ὁ μέν, ὃς δ᾽ οὔ.. [Refs 6th c.BC+ (6th c.BC: Phocylides Lyricus 1; ὃς μὲν.., ὃ δὲ.. 2nd c.BC: Moschus Bucolicus 3.76; ὃ μὲν.., ὃς δὲ.., ὃ δὲ.., ὃς δὲ.. 2nd c.BC: Bion Bucolicus 1.81; so τῷ μὲν.., ᾧ δὲ.., ᾧ δὲ.. “Anthologia Graeca” 6.187 (1st c.AD: Alpheus Epigrammaticus))]; ὃ μὲν.., ὃ δὲ.., ὃ δὲ.. (neuter) [NT+4th c.BC+ (NT.Matt.13.8; ἂ μὲν.., ἃ δὲ.. 1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus 102, 4th c.BC: Archytas Tarentinus Philosophus cited in 5th c.AD: Stobaeus, Joannes 3.1.110; ὧν μὲν.., ὧν δὲ.. 4th-3rd c.BC: Philemo Comicus 99; πόλεις ἃς μὲν.., ἃς δὲ.. 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.71 (as see l.))]: so in Doric dialect dative feminine as adverb, ᾇ μὲν.., ᾇ δὲ.. [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“Tab.Heracl.” 1.81; ἐφ᾽ ὧν μὲν.., ἐφ᾽ ὧν δὲ.. 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1109a1)]: very frequently in late Prose, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus “Epicteti Dissertationes” 3.25.1, etc.)]: also answering to other Prons., ἑτέρων.., ὧν δὲ.. [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Philemo Comicus 31.6; ἐφ᾽ ᾧ μὲν.., ἐπὶ θατέρῳ δὲ.. 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 564a21, etc.)]
B RELAT. PRON., who, which.—By the side of the simple Relat., ὅς, ἥ, ὅ (in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus also ὁ, ἡ, τό), we find in common use the _compound_ forms ὅστε, ὅστις and ὅτις, ὅσπερ and ὅπερ, ὅς γε (which see).)]
A0USAGE of the Relat. pronoun (the following remarks apply to ὅς γε, ὅσπερ, ὅστε, ὅστις, as well as to ὅς, and to ὁ, ἡ, τό as relative):
A0.I in respect of CONCOR[Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator)] —Prop. it agrees in gender and number with the Noun or _pronoun_ in the antecedent clause.—But this rule admits of many exceptions:
A0.I.1 the Relat. mayagree with the gender implied, not expressed, in the antecedent, φίλον θάλος, ὃν τέκον αὐτή [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.87; τέκνων, οὓς ἤγαγε 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Supplices” 12)]: so after collective Nouns, the Relat. is frequently put in plural in the gender implied in the Noun, λαόν.., οὕς.. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.369)]; στρατιάν.. τοιαύτην.., οἵ τινες.., τὸ ναυτικόν, οἵ.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.91, 3.4; πλήθει, οἵπερ.. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 260a)]; especially after the names of countries or cities, Τηλέπυλον Λαιστρυγονίην ἀφίκανεν, οἳ.. (i. e. to Telepylos of the Laestrygonians, who.. ) [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 23.319; τὰς Ἀθήνας, οἵ γε.. 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.8. β; Μέγαρα.., οὓς.. 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.94: it also may agree with the Noun or _pronoun_ implied in an)] adjective, Θηβαίας ἐπισκοποῦντ᾽ ἀγυιάς, τάν.. the streets of Thebes, which.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 1137 (Lyric poetry))]; τοὺς Ἡρακλείους παῖδας, ὃς.. the children of Heracles, who.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 157; τῆς ἐμῆς ἐπεισόδου, ὅν..)]of me whom.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 731)]; τὸν ἥμισύν ἐστ᾽ ἀτελὴς τοῦ χρόνου· εἶθ᾽ ἧς πᾶσι μέτεστι.., where ἧς agrees with ἀτελείας implied in ἀτελής, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 20.8.)]
A0.I.2 when the antec. Noun in singular implies a class, the Relat. is sometimes in plural, ἦ μάλα τις θεὸς ἔνδον, οἳ.. ἔχουσιν (for τις θεῶν, οἵ..) in some places, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 638)]; οὗ μέν.., οὗ δέ.. in some places.., in others.., [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Oeconomica” 1345b34: with _genitive_, οὐκ εἶδεν οὗ γῆς εἰσέδυ)] in what part of the earth, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” [1583]; ἐννοεῖς οὗ ἐστὶ.. τοῦ ἀναμιμνήσκεσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Meno” 84a; συνιδὼν οὗ κακῶν ἦν 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Tox.” 17.)]
A0.I.2 in pregnant phrases, μικρὸν προϊόντες..,οὗ ἡ μάχη ἐγένετο (for ἐκεῖσε οὗ) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 2.1.6; so οὗπερ προσβεβοηθήκει 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.86, compare 1.134)]; ἀπιὼν ἐκ τῆς πόλεως, οὗ κατέφυγε (for οἷ κατέφυγε καὶ οὗ ἦν) [NT+5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.4.14 (uncertain reading); ἐπειδὰν ἱζήσωμεν οὗ ἄγεις 2nd-3rd c.AD: Philostratus Sophista “Her.Prooem.” 13: in later Gr. οὗ was used simply for οἷ, οὗπερ ἂν ἔλθῃ Tim069,cf. NT.Luke.10.1, etc.)]: but in early writers this is falsa lectio, as in [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.74, etc.)]
A0.II dative feminine ᾗ, Doric dialect ᾇ, of Place, where, or Manner, as, see at {ᾗ}.
A0.III old locative οἷ, as adverb, see at {οἷ}.
A0.III.2 old ablative (?) ὧ, in Doric dialect (compare ϝοίκω), τηνῶθε καθεῖλον, ὧ (whence) μ᾽ ἐκέλευ καθελεῖν τυ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 3.11; ἐν τᾷ πόλι, ὧ κ᾽ ᾖ, καρῡξαι ἐν τἀγορᾷ “IG” 9(1).334.21 (_Locrian dialect_, 5th c.BC).)]
A0.IV accusative singular neuter ὅ, very frequently ={ὅτι}, that, how that, λεύσσετε γὰρ τό γε πάντες ὅ μοι γέρας ἔρχεται ἄλλῃ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.120, +others)]; and so also, because, ταρβήσας ὅ οἱ ἄγχι πάγη βέλος [Refs (20.283, +others)]
A0.IV.2 in Attic dialect ὅ, for which reason, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 13, “Ph.” 155, 263, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 338: also _accusative_ _neuter_ _plural_ ἅ in this sense, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 137 (Lyric poetry), 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 8.122.)]
A0.IV.3 whereas, [NT+5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.40, 3.12, NT.Rom.6.10, NT.Gal.2.20.)]
A0.V ἀφ᾽ οὗπερ from the time that.., [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 177.)]
A0.VI ἐφ᾽ ᾧ, see at {ἐπί} [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 111.3.)]
genitive οὗ, ἧς, οὗ, etc.; dative plural οἷς, αἷς, οἷς, etc.: Epic dialect forms, genitive ὅου (probably replacing Οο) in the phrases ὅου κλέος οὔ ποτ᾽ ὀλεῖται [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.325, “hymnus ad Apollinem” 156; ὅου κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.70 (elsewhere οὗ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.325, +others, never οἷο))]; feminine ἕης [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.208 (perhaps imitation of ὅου)]; elsewhere only ἧς [Refs (5.265, +others))]; dative plural οἷς, οἷσι, ᾗς, ᾗσι (never αἷς or αἷσι in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus):)] — _pronoun_ used,
A as demonstrative by the side of οὗτος, ὅδε, and the Article ὁ, ἡ, τό: in post-Homeric Gr. this use survived only in a few special phrases.
B as a Relat. by the side of the Article ὅ, ἥ, τό (see. ὁ, ἡ, τό, c):—this demonstrative and Relat. pronoun must not be confounded with the Possess. ὅς, ἥ, ὅν. (With Gr. Relat. ὅς, ἥ, ὅ cf. Sanskrit Relat. yas, yā, yad, Lithuanian jis, ji (he, she), Oslav. i, ja, je (he, she, it).)
A DEMONSTR. PRON., ={οὗτος},{ὅδε}, this, that; also, he, she, it:
A.I Homeric usage: this form only occurs in the nominative masculine and neuter ὅς, ὅ, and perhaps nominative feminine ἥ and nominative plural οἵ, the other cases being supplied by ὁ, ἡ, τό (ὅ, ἡ, τό); most codices have ἥ in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.551, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 24.255, +others, and this (as also οἵ) can be referred equally to either (on the accent see ὁ, ἡ, τό): with γάρ or καί, ὃς γὰρ δεύτατος ἦλθεν 1.286; ἀλλὰ καὶ ὃς δείδοικε 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.198; ὃ γὰρ γέρας ἐστὶ θανόντων 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 24.190, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.9, compare 12.344: frequently used emphatically in apodosi, mostly with οὐδέ or μηδέ)] before it, μηδ᾽ ὅν τινα γαστέρι μήτηρ κοῦρον ἐόντα φέροι, μηδ᾽ ὃς φύγοι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.59, compare 7.160, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.653: after a)]participle, εἰς ἕτερον γάρ τίς τε ἰδών.., ὃς σπεύδει (for ὅστις ἂν ἴδῃ, ὃς σπεύδει) [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 22.)]
A.II in later Gr. this usage remained in a few forms:
A.II.1 at the beginning of a clause, καὶ ὅς and he, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.18, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Symposium” 1.15, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 118, “Prt.” 310d)]; καὶ ἥ and she, καὶ οἵ and they, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.56, 87, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 201e, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 7.6.4.)]
A.II.2 ὃς καὶ ὅς such and such a person, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.68:)] —here also the _Article_ supplied the oblative cases.
A.II.3 ἦ δ᾽ ὅς, ἦ δ᾽ ἥ, said he, said she, see at {ἠμί}.
A.II.4 in oppositions, where it sometimes answers to the Article, Λέριοι κακοί· οὐχ ὁ μέν, ὃς δ᾽ οὔ.. [Refs 6th c.BC+ (6th c.BC: Phocylides Lyricus 1; ὃς μὲν.., ὃ δὲ.. 2nd c.BC: Moschus Bucolicus 3.76; ὃ μὲν.., ὃς δὲ.., ὃ δὲ.., ὃς δὲ.. 2nd c.BC: Bion Bucolicus 1.81; so τῷ μὲν.., ᾧ δὲ.., ᾧ δὲ.. “Anthologia Graeca” 6.187 (1st c.AD: Alpheus Epigrammaticus))]; ὃ μὲν.., ὃ δὲ.., ὃ δὲ.. (neuter) [NT+4th c.BC+ (NT.Matt.13.8; ἂ μὲν.., ἃ δὲ.. 1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus 102, 4th c.BC: Archytas Tarentinus Philosophus cited in 5th c.AD: Stobaeus, Joannes 3.1.110; ὧν μὲν.., ὧν δὲ.. 4th-3rd c.BC: Philemo Comicus 99; πόλεις ἃς μὲν.., ἃς δὲ.. 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.71 (as see l.))]: so in Doric dialect dative feminine as adverb, ᾇ μὲν.., ᾇ δὲ.. [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“Tab.Heracl.” 1.81; ἐφ᾽ ὧν μὲν.., ἐφ᾽ ὧν δὲ.. 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1109a1)]: very frequently in late Prose, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus “Epicteti Dissertationes” 3.25.1, etc.)]: also answering to other Prons., ἑτέρων.., ὧν δὲ.. [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Philemo Comicus 31.6; ἐφ᾽ ᾧ μὲν.., ἐπὶ θατέρῳ δὲ.. 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 564a21, etc.)]
B RELAT. PRON., who, which.—By the side of the simple Relat., ὅς, ἥ, ὅ (in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus also ὁ, ἡ, τό), we find in common use the _compound_ forms ὅστε, ὅστις and ὅτις, ὅσπερ and ὅπερ, ὅς γε (which see).)]
A0USAGE of the Relat. pronoun (the following remarks apply to ὅς γε, ὅσπερ, ὅστε, ὅστις, as well as to ὅς, and to ὁ, ἡ, τό as relative):
A0.I in respect of CONCOR[Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator)] —Prop. it agrees in gender and number with the Noun or _pronoun_ in the antecedent clause.—But this rule admits of many exceptions:
A0.I.1 the Relat. mayagree with the gender implied, not expressed, in the antecedent, φίλον θάλος, ὃν τέκον αὐτή [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.87; τέκνων, οὓς ἤγαγε 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Supplices” 12)]: so after collective Nouns, the Relat. is frequently put in plural in the gender implied in the Noun, λαόν.., οὕς.. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.369)]; στρατιάν.. τοιαύτην.., οἵ τινες.., τὸ ναυτικόν, οἵ.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.91, 3.4; πλήθει, οἵπερ.. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 260a)]; especially after the names of countries or cities, Τηλέπυλον Λαιστρυγονίην ἀφίκανεν, οἳ.. (i. e. to Telepylos of the Laestrygonians, who.. ) [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 23.319; τὰς Ἀθήνας, οἵ γε.. 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.8. β; Μέγαρα.., οὓς.. 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.94: it also may agree with the Noun or _pronoun_ implied in an)] adjective, Θηβαίας ἐπισκοποῦντ᾽ ἀγυιάς, τάν.. the streets of Thebes, which.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 1137 (Lyric poetry))]; τοὺς Ἡρακλείους παῖδας, ὃς.. the children of Heracles, who.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 157; τῆς ἐμῆς ἐπεισόδου, ὅν..)]of me whom.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 731)]; τὸν ἥμισύν ἐστ᾽ ἀτελὴς τοῦ χρόνου· εἶθ᾽ ἧς πᾶσι μέτεστι.., where ἧς agrees with ἀτελείας implied in ἀτελής, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 20.8.)]
A0.I.2 when the antec. Noun in singular implies a class, the Relat. is sometimes in plural, ἦ μάλα τις θεὸς ἔνδον, οἳ.. ἔχουσιν (for τις θεῶν, οἵ..) in some places, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 638)]; οὗ μέν.., οὗ δέ.. in some places.., in others.., [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Oeconomica” 1345b34: with _genitive_, οὐκ εἶδεν οὗ γῆς εἰσέδυ)] in what part of the earth, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” [1583]; ἐννοεῖς οὗ ἐστὶ.. τοῦ ἀναμιμνήσκεσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Meno” 84a; συνιδὼν οὗ κακῶν ἦν 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Tox.” 17.)]
A0.I.2 in pregnant phrases, μικρὸν προϊόντες..,οὗ ἡ μάχη ἐγένετο (for ἐκεῖσε οὗ) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 2.1.6; so οὗπερ προσβεβοηθήκει 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.86, compare 1.134)]; ἀπιὼν ἐκ τῆς πόλεως, οὗ κατέφυγε (for οἷ κατέφυγε καὶ οὗ ἦν) [NT+5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.4.14 (uncertain reading); ἐπειδὰν ἱζήσωμεν οὗ ἄγεις 2nd-3rd c.AD: Philostratus Sophista “Her.Prooem.” 13: in later Gr. οὗ was used simply for οἷ, οὗπερ ἂν ἔλθῃ Tim069,cf. NT.Luke.10.1, etc.)]: but in early writers this is falsa lectio, as in [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.74, etc.)]
A0.II dative feminine ᾗ, Doric dialect ᾇ, of Place, where, or Manner, as, see at {ᾗ}.
A0.III old locative οἷ, as adverb, see at {οἷ}.
A0.III.2 old ablative (?) ὧ, in Doric dialect (compare ϝοίκω), τηνῶθε καθεῖλον, ὧ (whence) μ᾽ ἐκέλευ καθελεῖν τυ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 3.11; ἐν τᾷ πόλι, ὧ κ᾽ ᾖ, καρῡξαι ἐν τἀγορᾷ “IG” 9(1).334.21 (_Locrian dialect_, 5th c.BC).)]
A0.IV accusative singular neuter ὅ, very frequently ={ὅτι}, that, how that, λεύσσετε γὰρ τό γε πάντες ὅ μοι γέρας ἔρχεται ἄλλῃ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.120, +others)]; and so also, because, ταρβήσας ὅ οἱ ἄγχι πάγη βέλος [Refs (20.283, +others)]
A0.IV.2 in Attic dialect ὅ, for which reason, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 13, “Ph.” 155, 263, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 338: also _accusative_ _neuter_ _plural_ ἅ in this sense, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 137 (Lyric poetry), 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 8.122.)]
A0.IV.3 whereas, [NT+5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.40, 3.12, NT.Rom.6.10, NT.Gal.2.20.)]
A0.V ἀφ᾽ οὗπερ from the time that.., [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 177.)]
A0.VI ἐφ᾽ ᾧ, see at {ἐπί} [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 111.3.)]