Strong G3704ὅπως
that
- Transliteration
- hopōs
- Pronunciation
- hop'-oce
- Morphology
- Greek Conjunction
Definition
Detailed definition
ὅπως
I. Relat. adv. of manner, as, how: with indic., Luk.24:20.
II. Conj., with subjc. (in cl. also with opt., indic.: so in Mat.26:59, LT, Tr.), in order that, to the end that, that;
1. final, denoting purpose or design (in which the original idea of modality has been merged): after pres., Mat.6:2, al.; pf., Act.9:17, al.; impf., Act.9:24; aor., Act.9:2, al.; plpf., Jhn.11:57; fut., Mat.23:35; imperat., Mat.2:8, al.; ὅ. μή (M, Pr., 185), Mat.6:18, Luk.16:26, Act.20:16, 1Co.1:29; ὅ. πληρωθῇ, Mat.2:23 8:17 13:35; ὅ. ἄν (B1., § 65, 2; WM, § 42, 5), Luk.2:35, Act.3:19 15:17, Rom.3:4 (cf. Gen.12:13, Psa.59:7. 1Mac 1032, al.).
2. After verbs of asking, exhorting, etc.: Mat.9:38, Luk.7:3, Jas.5:16, al. (in late writers its place is often taken by the correl. πῶς, which see)
(AS)
I. Relat. adv. of manner, as, how: with indic., Luk.24:20.
II. Conj., with subjc. (in cl. also with opt., indic.: so in Mat.26:59, LT, Tr.), in order that, to the end that, that;
1. final, denoting purpose or design (in which the original idea of modality has been merged): after pres., Mat.6:2, al.; pf., Act.9:17, al.; impf., Act.9:24; aor., Act.9:2, al.; plpf., Jhn.11:57; fut., Mat.23:35; imperat., Mat.2:8, al.; ὅ. μή (M, Pr., 185), Mat.6:18, Luk.16:26, Act.20:16, 1Co.1:29; ὅ. πληρωθῇ, Mat.2:23 8:17 13:35; ὅ. ἄν (B1., § 65, 2; WM, § 42, 5), Luk.2:35, Act.3:19 15:17, Rom.3:4 (cf. Gen.12:13, Psa.59:7. 1Mac 1032, al.).
2. After verbs of asking, exhorting, etc.: Mat.9:38, Luk.7:3, Jas.5:16, al. (in late writers its place is often taken by the correl. πῶς, which see)
(AS)
In the Bible
Strong G3704 appears in 55 verses of the KJV.
Translated in the KJV by
- that44
- how4
- to4
- because1
- so1
- when1
First verses
- Matthew 2:8And he sent them to Bethlehem, and said, Go and search diligently for the young child; and when ye have found him, bring me word again, that I may come and worship him also.
- Matthew 2:23And he came and dwelt in a city called Nazareth: that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophets, He shall be called a Nazarene.
- Matthew 5:16Let your light so shine before men, that they may see your good works, and glorify your Father which is in heaven.
- Matthew 5:45That ye may be the children of your Father which is in heaven: for he maketh his sun to rise on the evil and on the good, and sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust.
- Matthew 6:2Therefore when thou doest thine alms, do not sound a trumpet before thee, as the hypocrites do in the synagogues and in the streets, that they may have glory of men. Verily I say unto you, They have their reward.
- Matthew 6:4That thine alms may be in secret: and thy Father which seeth in secret himself shall reward thee openly.
- Matthew 6:5And when thou prayest, thou shalt not be as the hypocrites are: for they love to pray standing in the synagogues and in the corners of the streets, that they may be seen of men. Verily I say unto you, They have their reward.
- Matthew 6:16Moreover when ye fast, be not, as the hypocrites, of a sad countenance: for they disfigure their faces, that they may appear unto men to fast. Verily I say unto you, They have their reward.
- Matthew 6:18That thou appear not unto men to fast, but unto thy Father which is in secret: and thy Father, which seeth in secret, shall reward thee openly.
- Matthew 8:17That it might be fulfilled which was spoken by Esaias the prophet, saying, Himself took our infirmities, and bare our sicknesses.
- Matthew 8:34And, behold, the whole city came out to meet Jesus: and when they saw him, they besought him that he would depart out of their coasts.
- Matthew 9:38Pray ye therefore the Lord of the harvest, that he will send forth labourers into his harvest.
- Matthew 12:14Then the Pharisees went out, and held a council against him, how they might destroy him.
- Matthew 12:17That it might be fulfilled which was spoken by Esaias the prophet, saying,
- Matthew 13:35That it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophet, saying, I will open my mouth in parables; I will utter things which have been kept secret from the foundation of the world.
- Matthew 22:15Then went the Pharisees, and took counsel how they might entangle him in his talk.
- Matthew 23:35That upon you may come all the righteous blood shed upon the earth, from the blood of righteous Abel unto the blood of Zacharias son of Barachias, whom ye slew between the temple and the altar.
- Matthew 26:59Now the chief priests, and elders, and all the council, sought false witness against Jesus, to put him to death;
- Mark 3:6And the Pharisees went forth, and straightway took counsel with the Herodians against him, how they might destroy him.
- Mark 5:23And besought him greatly, saying, My little daughter lieth at the point of death: I pray thee, come and lay thy hands on her, that she may be healed; and she shall live.
Occurrences by book
Related words
Word family
Detailed Greek dictionary
ὅπως,
Epic dialect also and Aeolic dialect ὅππως, Ionic dialect ὅκως, Doric dialect ὁπῶς accusative to [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus “de Adverbiis;” 173.11: correlated to ὡς and πῶς.)] adverb of Manner, Relat. as, in such manner as, and with interrogative force how, in what manner, rarely indefinite, see below [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus V.)]
B FINAL CONJUNCTION, in such a manner that, in order that. adverb of Manner, how, as:
B.I Relat. to ὥς or οὕτως (like ὡς), in such manner as, as:
B.I.1 with the ordinary Constr. of the Relat.:
B.I.1.a with indicative, ἦ τοι νόστον, ὅπως φρεσὶ σῇσι μενοινᾷς, ὥς τοι Ζεὺς τελέσειεν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 15.111; οὕτως ὅ... 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 330; ὧδ᾽ ὅ. [prev. author] “El.” 1301; οὕτως ὅ. δύνανται 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.67: sometimes an analogous word replaces the antecedent)] adverb, με τοῖον ἔθηκεν, ὅπως (for οἷον)[Refs 8th c.BC+ (ἐθέλει 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 16.208: frequently without any antecedent expressed, ἔλθοι ὅ... ἐθέλω (i.e. αὐτὸν ἐλθεῖν) 14.172; ἔρξον ὅ. ἐθέλεις 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.37, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.145; χρῶ ὅ. βούλει 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.3.46; ποίει ὅ. ἄριστόν σοι δοκεῖ εἶναι [prev. work] 4.5.50)]; ὅ. ἔχω as I am, on the spot, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 819.)]
B.I.1.b with future indicative, especially after Verbs of seeing, providing, taking care.., in the manner in which, how, that, οἱ Περσικοὶ νόμοι ἐπιμέλονται ὅπως μὴ τοιοῦτοι ἔσονται οἱ πολῖται [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.2.3; ποιέειν ὅκως μηκέτι κεῖνος ἐς Ἕλληνας ἀπίξεται 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.23; ἐφρόντιζον ὅκως μὴ λείψομαι τῶν πρότερον γενομένων [prev. author] 7.8.ά, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 29e; ἔπρασσον ὅπως τις βοήθεια ἥξει 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.4; τοῦτο μηχανᾶσθαι ὅπως ἀποφεύξεται πᾶν ποιῶν θάνατον 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 39a; τούτου στοχαζόμενοι, ὅπως.. ἔσονται [prev. author] “Grg.” 502e (compare below 111.1 b, etc.))]: this future indicative may become optative after a historical tense, ἐπεμελεῖτο ὅπως μήτε ἄσιτοι μήτε ἄποτοί ποτε ἔσοιντο [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.1.43, compare “HG” 7.5.3, “Cyr.” 8.1.10, “Oec.” 7.5, “Ages.” 2.8)]; and ὅπως is frequently used interchangeably with such forms as δι᾽ ὧν, ὅτῳ τρόπῳ, etc., εἰσηγοῦνται μὴ δι᾽ ὧν.. ἀσκήσουσιν, ἀλλ᾽ ὅπως.. δόξουσι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 1.4, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.11)]: this sense easily passes into a final sense, so that, τοῦτο ἀπόβαλε οὕτω ὅκως μηκέτι ἥξει [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.40)]; οὕτω δ᾽ (i.e. ποίει) ὅπως μήτηρ σε μὴ 'πιγνώσεται [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 1296, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 905, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 4.5.25, “HG” 2.4.17)]; see below [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus)]
B.I.2 with ἄν (Epic dialect κε) and subjunctive in indefinite sentences, in whatever way, just as, however, ὅππως κεν ἐθέλῃσιν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 20.243 (but ὅπως ἐθέλῃσιν (without κε) 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.349, 6.189); οὕτως ὅκως ἂν καὶ δυνώμεθα 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.143; οὕτως ὅπως ἂν αὐτοὶ βούλωνται 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.1.2, compare “IG” 22.1.13 (5th c.BC), 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 116a, “Smp.” 174b, etc.)]
B.I.2.b with optative after historical tenses, οὕτως ὅ. τύχοιεν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.95; ὅ. βούλοιντο 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.3.13)]; in a gnomic statement, εἰκῇ κράτιστον ζῆν ὅ. δύναιτό τις [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 979: when ἄν appears with the _optative_, it belongs to the Verb and not to ὅπως, ὅ. ἄν τις ὀνομάσαι τοῦτο)] however one might think fit to call it, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 13.4.)]
B.I.3 a very common phrase is οὐκ ἔστιν ὅ. (οὐκ ἔσθ᾽ ὅπως) there is no way in which.., it cannot be that, οὐκ ἔστι ὅκως κοτὲ σοὺς δέξονται λόγους [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.102, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 18, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.208, +others)]; so οὐκ ἔστιν ὅ. οὐ, fieri non potest quin, οὐκ ἔσθ᾽ ὅ. οὐ πιστὸν ἐξ ὑμῶν πτερὸν ἐξήγαγ᾽ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 97, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 116, “Eq.” 426, “Th.” 882, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 27e)]; οὐδαμῶς ὅ. οὐ, in answer, it must positively be so, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Tht.” 160d; so also οὐκ ἂν γένοιτο τοῦθ᾽ ὅ... οὐ φανῶ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1058)]; οὐ γὰρ γένοιτ᾽ ἄν, ταῦθ᾽ ὅ. οὐχ ὧδ᾽ ἔχειν (anacoluthon for ἔχει or ἕξει) [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Aj.” 378: so in questions, ἔσθ᾽ ὅ... ἔλθωμε; 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 471 (variant{-οιμεν}))]; ἔστιν οὖν ὅ. ὁ τοιοῦτος φιλοσοφήσε; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 495a, compare “Phdr.” 262b, “Tht.” 154c: so, besides _indicative_ of all tenses, οὐκ ἔσθ᾽ ὅ.)] may be followed by optative with ἄν, οὐ γάρ ἐσθ᾽ ὅπως μί᾽ ἡμέρα γένοιτ᾽ ἂν ἡμέραι δύο [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 1181, compare “V.” 212, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 12.156, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Laches” 184c: by _indicative_ with ἄν, οὐκ ἔστιν ὅπως ἂν.. κατέστησαν 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 15.206, compare 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 33.28: ἄν)] is omitted in οὐκ ἔσθ᾽ ὅπως λέξαιμι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 620, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 52, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 471 (variant{ἔλθωμεν}).)]
B.I.4 in Trag., etc., like{ὡς} in comparisons, κῦμ᾽ ὅπως [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 1001; γῄτης ὅπως 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 32, compare 442, 683)]; ὅπως δρῦν ὑλοτόμοι σχίζουσι κάρα [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “El.” 98 (_anapaest meter_); ὅπως ἁ πάνδυρτος ἀηδών [prev. work] 1076 (Lyric poetry),compare “Ph.” 777, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 1140; ὅκως τις καλλίης κάτω κύπτων 3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 3.41)]; so in Locrian dialect Prose, ὅπω(σ)ξένον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“IG” 9(1).334.2 (5th c.BC).)]
B.I.5 like{ὡς} or ὅτι, with superlative of Advs., ὅ. ἄριστα [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 600, “IG” 12.44.8, etc.)]; ὅ. ἀνωτάτω as high up as possible, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Pax” 207)]; in full, οὕτως ὅ. ἥδιστα (i.e. ἔχει) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 330.)]
B.I.6 with a genitive added, σοῦσθε ὅ. ποδῶν run as you are off for feet, i. e. as quick as you can, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 837 (Lyric poetry, where however [ἔχετε] should probably be added); see below 111.10, ἔχω (A) 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 11.2b.)]
B.I.7 sometimes of Time, when, Τρῶες.. ὅπως ἴδον αἷμ᾽ Ὀδυσῆος.., ἐπ᾽ αὐτῷ πάντες ἔβησαν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.459, compare 12.208, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.373: frequently in 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus)] with optative, whenever, ὅκως μὲν εἴη ἐν τῇ γῇ καρπὸς ἁδρός [Refs (1.17, compare 68, 100, 162, 186, 2.13, 174, +others)]: in Trag. and Comedy texts, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 198, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 749, “Tr.” 765, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 60)]: with superlative of Advs., ὅ. πρῶτα as soon as, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Theogonia” 156; ὅ. ὤκιστα 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 427; ὅ. τάχιστα 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 230.)]
B.I.8 of Place, where, uncertain in [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 3.75.)]
B.II ὅπως is sometimes used to introduce the substance of a statement, after Verbs of saying, thinking, or perceiving, that, how, λόγῳ ἀνάπεισον ὅκως.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.37; οὐδὲ φήσω ὅκως.. [prev. author] 2.49, compare 3.115, 116)]; τοῦτ᾽ αὐτὸ μή μοι φράζ᾽, ὅπως οὐκ εἶ κακός [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 548, compare “Ant.” 223, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthydemus” 296e)]; after ἐλπίζειν, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 963, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Heraclidae” 1051)]; after Verbs of emotion, ἐμοὶ δ᾽ ἄχος.., ὅπως δὴ δηρὸν ἀποίχεται grief is mine, when I think how.. (i. e. that.. ), [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.109, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 169 (Lyric poetry))]; after θαυμάζω frequently in Attic dialect, θαυμάζω ὅ. ποτὲ ἐπείσθησαν Ἀθηναῖοι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.1.20, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Crito” 43a.)]
B.II.2 οὐχ ὅ... ἀλλὰ or ἀλλὰ καὶ.. is not only not.. but.., and is explained by an ellipsis of λέγω or ἐρῶ (compare ὅτι IV), οὐχ ὅ. κωλυταὶ.. γενήσεσθε, ἀλλὰ καὶ.. δύναμιν προσλαβεῖν περιόψεσθε not only will you not become.., but you will also.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.35, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 5.4.34, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 6.9; οὐχ ὅ. ὑμῖν τῶν αὑτοῦ τι ἐπέδωκεν, ἀλλὰ τῶν ὑμετέρων πολλὰ ὑφῄρηται 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 30.26; οὐχ ὅ. τούτων χάριν ἀπέδοσαν, ἀλλ᾽ ἀπολιπόντες ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν Λακεδαιμονίων συμμαχίαν εἰσῆλθον 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 14.27, compare 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.131, 53.13; οὐ γὰρ ὅπως.., ἀλλὰ καὶ.. [prev. author] 21.11; οὔκουν ὅπως.., ἀλλὰ.. 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.2.12; also οὐχ ὅ..., ἀλλ᾽ οὐδέ.., οὐχ ὅ. ἀδικοῦντες, ἀλλ᾽ οὐδ᾽ ἐπιδημοῦντες ἐφυγαδευόμεθα [prev. author] “HG” 2.4.14; οὐχ ὅ. τῆς κοινῆς ἐλευθερίας μετέχομεν, ἀλλ᾽ οὐδὲ δουλείας μετρίας τυχεῖν ἠξιώθημεν 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 14.5; διμοιρίαν λαμβάνων ἐν ταῖς θοίναις οὐχ ὅπως ἀμφοτέραις ἐχρῆτο, ἀλλὰ διαπέμπων οὐδετέραν αὑτῷ κατέλειπε 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Agesilaus” 5.1; οὐχ ὅ. ζημιοῦν, ἀλλὰ μηδ᾽ ἀτιμάζειν.. 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.42: so sometimes μὴ ὅ. (where an _imperative_ must be supplied), μὴ ὅ. ὀρχεῖσθαι ἀλλ᾽ οὐδὲ ὀρθοῦσθαι ἐδύνασθε)] do not think that you could dance = so far from being able to dance, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.3.10.)]
B.II.2.b οὐχ ὅ. rarely follows another clause, to say nothing of.., let alone.., πεπαύμεθ᾽ ἡμεῖς, οὐχ ὅ. σε παύσομεν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 796)]; μηδ᾽ ἐμπίδα, οὐχ ὅπως ταῦρον ἔτι ἄρασθαι δυνάμενος.. let alone a bull, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Cont.” 8, compare “Prom.” 8, “Pr.Im.” 7, “Pisc.” 31.)]
B.III in in direct questions, how, in what way or manner:
B.III.1 with indicative,
B.III.1.a ἔσπετε νῦν μοι ὅππως δὴ.. πῦρ ἔμπεσε νηυσίν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.113; εἴπ᾽ ἄγε μ᾽.. ὅππως τούσδ᾽ ἵππους λάβετον 10.545; εὖ μοι κατάλεξον ὅπως ἤντησας 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.97; ὅπως ἠφανίσθη οὐδὲ λόγῳ εἰκότι δύνανται ἀποφαίνειν 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.26; Ἀλκιβιάδης ἀνήχθη.. ἐπὶ κατασκοπὴν.. τοῦ οἴκαδε κατάπλου ὅπως ἡ πόλις πρὸς αὐτὸν ἔχοι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 1.4.11; οὐδέ τί πω σάφα ἴδμεν ὅπως ἔσται τάδε ἔργα 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.252, etc.)]
B.III.1.b notably future after Verbs of deliberation (like the subjunctive, see[Refs (below 2), φραζώμεθ᾽ ὅπως ἔσται τάδε ἔργα 4.14)]; φράζευ ὅπως Δαναοῖσιν ἀλεξήσεις κακὸν ἦμαρ (variant{ἀλεξήσῃς})[Refs 8th c.BC+ (9.251, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.376, 386, 19.557, 20.29, 39.)]
B.III.2 with deliberative subjunctive after Verbs of deliberation, taking care, and the like, λεύσσει ὅπως ὄχ᾽ ἄριστα.. γένηται [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.110)]; ἐνόησεν (gnomic aorist) ὅππως κέρδος ἔῃ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (10.225; ἀλλ᾽ ἄγεθ᾽ ἡμεῖς οἵδε περιφραζώμεθα πάντες νόστον ὅπως ἔλθῃσι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.77, compare 13.365; οὐκ οἶδ᾽ ὅπως.. φῶ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1367, compare “Aj.” 428, 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 8.5, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Meno” 91d; ἐπιμελητέον ὅπως τρέφωνται οἱ ἵπποι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitum magistro” 1.3, compare “Oec.” 7.36, 37, 9.14, 15.1, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 515c.)]—Sts. the future and subjunctive are conjoined without difference of meaning, ἐπράττετο γὰρ.., πρῶτον μὲν ὅπως μὴ περιμείνητε.., δεύτερον δὲ ὅπως ψηφιε̄σθε.., τρίτον δὲ ὅπως μὴ ἔσται [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 3.65, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Agesilaus” 7.7, “Mem.” 2.2.10.—On ὅπως ἄν (κεν), see below 5.)]
B.III.3 with optative after tenses of past time, τῶν ἀδῄλων ὅπως ἀποβήσοιτο [Refs 8th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 1.3.2, etc.: after Verbs of deliberation, being virtually indirect speech, μερμήριξε.. Ἥρη ὅπως ἐξαπάφοιτο (direct speech πῶς ἐξαπάφωμα;) 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 14.160; μερμήριζεν ὅπως ἀπολοίατο πᾶσαι νῆες 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.554, compare 420; οὐ γὰρ εἴχομεν.. ὅπως δρῶντες καλῶς πράξαιμεν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 271; ἐπεμελήθημεν ὅπως ἐξαλειφθείη αὐτῷ τὰ ἁμαρτήματα 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 6.39, compare 13.32, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 6.2.11.)]
B.III.4 with optative and ἄν frequently expressing a wish, which in direct speech would be expressed by πῶς ἄν, σκόπει ὅ. ἂν ἀποθάνοιμεν ἀνδρικώτατα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 81 (variant{ἀποθάνωμεν}),compare “Nu.” 760; βουλευόμενοι ὅ. ἂν τὴν ἡγεμονίαν λάβοιεν τῆς Ἑλλάδος 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 7.1.33, compare “Cyr.” 2.1.4; τῶν ἄλλων ἐπιμελεῖται ὅ. ἂν θηρῷεν (variant{-ῶσιν}) [prev. work] 1.2.10: the _optative_ with ἄν)] and subjunctive sometimes appear in consecutive clauses, [Refs ([prev. author] “HG” 3.2.1.)]
B.III.5 ὅπως ἄν (κεν) with the subjunctive is used after imperative or infinitive used as imperative, πείρα ὅπως κεν δὴ σὴν πατρίδα γαῖαν ἵκηαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.545; φράζεσθαι.., ὅππως κε μνηστῆρας.. κτείνῃς 1.295; σκοπεῖτε.., ὅ. ἂν ὑμῖν πρᾶγος εὖ νικᾷ τόδε 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 233, etc.; φύλασσε.. ἔπειθ᾽ ὅ. ἂν.. ἡ χάρις.. ἐξ ἁπλῆς διπλῆ φανῇ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 618, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 539: in Prose, ἐπιμεληθῆναι ὅ. ἂν.. 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.3.6, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 326a; μηχανᾶσθαι [prev. author] “Phdr.” 239b, “Grg.” 481a, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 917.)]
B.III.6 rarely with infinitive, ἐπιμελήθητε προθύμως ὅπως διπλάσια.. σῖτα καὶ ποτὰ παρασκευασθῆναι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 4.2.37 (variant{-εσκευασμένα ᾖ}),compare “Oec.” 7.29, “HG” 6.2.32)]; so later ὅπως παρακολουθῆμεν (Doric dialect infinitive) [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (“Supp.epigram” 1.170.18 (compare p.138, Delph., 2nd c.BC))]; ὅπως.. ἔχειν, ὅπως.. εἴργεσθαι, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 20.4, 85; ὅπως πέμπιν “PTeb.” 315.30 (2nd c.AD).)]
B.III.7 after Verbs of fear and caution, ὅπως and ὅπως μή are used with future indicative or aorist subjunctive:— the readings are frequently uncertain: the following (among others) are made certain either by the metre or the form,
B.III.7.a with future indicative, δέδοιχ᾽ ὅπως μὴ τεύξομαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 112; παντὶ λόγῳ ἀντιτείνετε εὐλαβούμενοι ὅπως μὴ.. οἰχήσομαι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 91c; φόβος.. ἔστιν.. ὅπως μὴ αὖθις διασχισθησόμεθα [prev. author] “Smp.” 193a)]: sometimes the preceding Verb is omitted, ὅπως μὴ οὐκ.. ἔσομαι [Refs ([prev. author] “Men.” 77a.)]
B.III.7.b with aorist subjunctive, τὴν θεὸν δ᾽ ὅ. λάθω δέδοικα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Taurica” 995; φυλάττου, ὅ. μὴ εἰς τοὐναντίον ἔλθῃς 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 3.6.16)]: rarely with present, οὐ φοβεῖ ὅ. μὴ ἀνόσιον πρᾶγμα τυγχάνῃς πράττων [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthyphro” 4e)]: sometimes the preceding Verb is omitted, with aorist subjunctive, ὅκως μή τι ὑμῖν πανώλεθρον κακὸν ἐς τὴν χώρην ἐσβάλωσι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.85)]: with present subjunctive, ὅπως μὴ.. ᾖ τοῦτο [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 430d.)]
B.III.7.c with optative representing subjunctive after a historical tense, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 2.9.3.)]
B.III.8 this Constr. is used in admonitions or commands: in the originally Constr. a Verb implying caution or circumspection precedes, ὅρα ὅκως μή σευ ἀποστήσονται Πέρσαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.36; ἄθρει.. ὅπως μὴ ἐκδύσεται 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 141; τηρώμεσθ᾽ ὅπως μὴ.. αἰσθήσεται [prev. work] 372: but this came to be omitted, and ὅπως or ὅπως μή)] with future indicative or aorist subjunctive are exactly = the imperative, ἔμβα χὤπως ἀρεῖς [Refs ([prev. author] “Ra.” 378 (Lyric poetry): most frequently with)]future indicative, ὅκως λόγον δώσεις τῶν μετεχείρισας χρημάτων, ={δίδου λόγον}, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.142)]; ὅπως παρέσει μοι, ={πάρισθι}, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 131; ὅπως πετήσει [prev. author] “Pax” 77, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.7.3, 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 1.21, 12.50, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 489a, etc.)]: rarely with I person, ὁποῖα κισσὸς δρυός, ὅπως τῆσδ᾽ ἕξομαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 398, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 297 (Lyric poetry))]: very rarely with aorist subjunctive, ὅπως μή τι ἡμᾶς σφήλῃ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthydemus” 296a codices; ὅπως μὴ.. ἐξαπατήσῃ [prev. author] “Prt.” 313c; ὅπως μὴ ποιήσητε 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 4.20 codices)] —The codices frequently vary, as between διδάξεις and -ξῃς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 824)]; τιμωρήσονται and -ωνται[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.56; πράξομεν and -ωμεν [prev. work] 82)]; θορυβήσει and -σῃ[Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 13.14, etc.)] —Since the future is frequently, and the aorist (whether 1 or 2) rarely guaranteed by metre or form, the aorist 1 forms should probably be rejected, both in signification 7 and 8, in cases where codices vary.
B.III.9 as the echo to a preceding πῶ; in dialogue, A καὶ πῶ; B ὅπως"; [do you ask] how? [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 128; A πῶς με χρὴ καλεῖ; B ὅπω; [prev. author] “Nu.” 677, compare “Pl.” 139.)]
B.III.10 with a genitive (see.[Refs (above 1.6), οὐκ οἶδα παιδείας ὅπως ἔχει καὶ δικαιοσύνης)]in the matter of.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 470e, compare “R.” 389c.)]
B.IV in direct questions, how? ἔπραξας ὅπω; [Refs 4th c.AD+ (4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Epistulae” 82p.106B.)]-C.; compare ὅστις.
B.V indefinite, anyhow, τὸ οὐδ᾽ ὅ. the expression 'not at all', [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 183b (variant{οὐδ᾽ οὕτως}).)]
B FINAL CONJUNCTION, that, in order that, the original notion of modality being merged in that of purpose or design, compare ἵνα, with which it is sometimes interchanged, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 1.23 and 24, 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 3.14, 4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 119f:—in early _Attic dialect_ Inscrr. only ὅπως ἄν is used, “IG” 12.39.19, +others; ὅπως without ἄν only once in 4th c.BC, [prev. work]22.226.42 (4th c.BC), after which it becomes gradually prevalent:)]
B.1 with subjunctive,
B.1.a after primary tenses, or after subjunctive or imperative, τὸν δὲ μνηστῆρες.. λοχῶσιν, ὅπως ἀπὸ φῦλον ὄληται [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.181, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 873, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 238, “El.” 457, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 2.10.2, etc.)]
B.1.b after historical tenses (see. ἵνα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 1.1b), when there is no)]perfect form, or when the aorist represents the perfect, ξυνελέγημεν ἐνθάδε, ὅ. προμελετήσωμεν we were convened, i. e. we have met in assembly, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 117; παρήλθομεν.., ὅπως μὴ χεῖρον βουλεύσησθε 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.73; also when the occurrence purposed is regarded from the point of view of the person purposing, ἦλθον πρεσβευσόμενοι, ὅπως μὴ σφίσι.. τὸ αὐτῶν [ναυτικὸν] ἐμπόδιον γένηται [prev. work] 31, compare 57, 65)], etc.: sometimes the optative and subjunctive appear in consecutive clauses, φρυκτοὺς παρεσκευασμένους ἐς αὐτὸ τοῦτο, ὅπως ἀσαφῆ τὰ σημεῖα.. ᾖ καὶ μὴ βοηθοῖεν [Refs ([prev. author] 3.22, compare 6.96, 7.17.)]
B.2 with optative after historical tenses, πὰρ δέ οἱ αὐτὸς ἔστη, ὅπως.. κῆρας ἀλάλκοι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.548; more frequently in 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey”, as 13.319, 14.312, 18.160, 22.472)]; so in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1005, “OC” 1305, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.4.25, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 77e, etc.)]: after historical present, πέμπει τούσδ᾽ ὅπως κτείνοιεν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 450; ἡγεμόνα πέμπει ὅπως ἄγοι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 4.7.19: after _optative_, ἔλθοι.. ὅ. γένοιτο 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 297, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1221 (Lyric poetry).)]
B.3 with indicative,
B.3.a of historical tenses, where the principal clause expresses an action or obligation unfulfilled, εἴθ᾽ εἶχε φωνὴν ἔμφρον᾽ ἀγγέλου δίκην, ὅ. δίφροντις οὖσα μὴ 'κινυσσόμην [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 196, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 1134)]: rare in Prose, ἐδεξάμην ἃν.. φράσαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς.., ὅ... προῄδετε [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 2.21)]; τίς οὐκ ἂν.. ταῦτα ἐδήλωσεν, ὅ... ταῦτα ἠλέγχθ; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 36.20; οὐκοῦν ἐχρῆν σε Πηγάσου ζεῦξαι πτερόν, ὅ. ἐφαίνου τοῖς θεοῖς τραγικώτερος 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Pax” 135)]; τί.. οὐκ ἔρριψ᾽ ἐμαυτὴν.. ὅ. ἀπηλλάγη; [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 749.)]
B.3.b of future, θέλγει, ὅ. Ἰθάκης ἐπιλήσεται (= φραζομένη ὅπως ἐ.) [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.57, compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.136; [χρὴ] ἀναβιβάζειν ἐπὶ τὸν τροχὸν τοὺς ἀπογραφέντας, ὅ. μὴ πρότερον νὺξ ἔσται 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 1.43; ἐμισθώσατο τοῦτον.., ὅ. συνερεῖ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 19.316)]: sometimes future indicative and aorist subjunctive are conjoined, σιγᾶθ᾽, ὅ. μὴ πεύσεταί τις, ὦ τέκνα, γλώσσης χάριν δὲ πάντ᾽ ἀπαγγείλῃ τάδε [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 265.)]
B.II ὅπως with subjunctive is sometimes used after Verbs of will and endeavour, instead of the infinitive, λίσσεσθαι.. ὅ. νημερτέα εἴπῃ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.19; αἰτεῖσθαι ὅ. μὴ καταψηφίσησθε 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 1.12; δεήσεται.., ὅ. δίκην μὴ δῷ [prev. work]23; ὅ. μὴ ἀποθάνῃ ἠντεβόλει 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 1.29)]; παρακελεύεσθε ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς ὅ... ἐξίητε [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 127 (ἔξιτε Rehdantz): with ἄν, δεῖταί μου σφόδρα ὅπως ἂν οἰκουρῇ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 1060, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.126, 3.44; διεκελεύετο ὅπως ἂν.. ἐγγράφωσί με 4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 7.27)]; so δεῖ σ᾽ ὅ. δείξεις (for δεῖξαι), [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 556, may be explained as ellipsis for δεῖ σ᾽ ὁρᾶν (σκοπεῖν) ὅπως,compare [prev. author] “Ph.” 55; δεῖ σ᾽ ὅπως.. μηδὲν διοίσεις.. 5th c.BC: Cratinus Comicus 108.)]
Epic dialect also and Aeolic dialect ὅππως, Ionic dialect ὅκως, Doric dialect ὁπῶς accusative to [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus “de Adverbiis;” 173.11: correlated to ὡς and πῶς.)] adverb of Manner, Relat. as, in such manner as, and with interrogative force how, in what manner, rarely indefinite, see below [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus V.)]
B FINAL CONJUNCTION, in such a manner that, in order that. adverb of Manner, how, as:
B.I Relat. to ὥς or οὕτως (like ὡς), in such manner as, as:
B.I.1 with the ordinary Constr. of the Relat.:
B.I.1.a with indicative, ἦ τοι νόστον, ὅπως φρεσὶ σῇσι μενοινᾷς, ὥς τοι Ζεὺς τελέσειεν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 15.111; οὕτως ὅ... 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 330; ὧδ᾽ ὅ. [prev. author] “El.” 1301; οὕτως ὅ. δύνανται 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.67: sometimes an analogous word replaces the antecedent)] adverb, με τοῖον ἔθηκεν, ὅπως (for οἷον)[Refs 8th c.BC+ (ἐθέλει 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 16.208: frequently without any antecedent expressed, ἔλθοι ὅ... ἐθέλω (i.e. αὐτὸν ἐλθεῖν) 14.172; ἔρξον ὅ. ἐθέλεις 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.37, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.145; χρῶ ὅ. βούλει 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.3.46; ποίει ὅ. ἄριστόν σοι δοκεῖ εἶναι [prev. work] 4.5.50)]; ὅ. ἔχω as I am, on the spot, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 819.)]
B.I.1.b with future indicative, especially after Verbs of seeing, providing, taking care.., in the manner in which, how, that, οἱ Περσικοὶ νόμοι ἐπιμέλονται ὅπως μὴ τοιοῦτοι ἔσονται οἱ πολῖται [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.2.3; ποιέειν ὅκως μηκέτι κεῖνος ἐς Ἕλληνας ἀπίξεται 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.23; ἐφρόντιζον ὅκως μὴ λείψομαι τῶν πρότερον γενομένων [prev. author] 7.8.ά, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 29e; ἔπρασσον ὅπως τις βοήθεια ἥξει 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.4; τοῦτο μηχανᾶσθαι ὅπως ἀποφεύξεται πᾶν ποιῶν θάνατον 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 39a; τούτου στοχαζόμενοι, ὅπως.. ἔσονται [prev. author] “Grg.” 502e (compare below 111.1 b, etc.))]: this future indicative may become optative after a historical tense, ἐπεμελεῖτο ὅπως μήτε ἄσιτοι μήτε ἄποτοί ποτε ἔσοιντο [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.1.43, compare “HG” 7.5.3, “Cyr.” 8.1.10, “Oec.” 7.5, “Ages.” 2.8)]; and ὅπως is frequently used interchangeably with such forms as δι᾽ ὧν, ὅτῳ τρόπῳ, etc., εἰσηγοῦνται μὴ δι᾽ ὧν.. ἀσκήσουσιν, ἀλλ᾽ ὅπως.. δόξουσι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 1.4, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.11)]: this sense easily passes into a final sense, so that, τοῦτο ἀπόβαλε οὕτω ὅκως μηκέτι ἥξει [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.40)]; οὕτω δ᾽ (i.e. ποίει) ὅπως μήτηρ σε μὴ 'πιγνώσεται [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 1296, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 905, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 4.5.25, “HG” 2.4.17)]; see below [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus)]
B.I.2 with ἄν (Epic dialect κε) and subjunctive in indefinite sentences, in whatever way, just as, however, ὅππως κεν ἐθέλῃσιν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 20.243 (but ὅπως ἐθέλῃσιν (without κε) 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.349, 6.189); οὕτως ὅκως ἂν καὶ δυνώμεθα 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.143; οὕτως ὅπως ἂν αὐτοὶ βούλωνται 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.1.2, compare “IG” 22.1.13 (5th c.BC), 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 116a, “Smp.” 174b, etc.)]
B.I.2.b with optative after historical tenses, οὕτως ὅ. τύχοιεν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.95; ὅ. βούλοιντο 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.3.13)]; in a gnomic statement, εἰκῇ κράτιστον ζῆν ὅ. δύναιτό τις [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 979: when ἄν appears with the _optative_, it belongs to the Verb and not to ὅπως, ὅ. ἄν τις ὀνομάσαι τοῦτο)] however one might think fit to call it, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 13.4.)]
B.I.3 a very common phrase is οὐκ ἔστιν ὅ. (οὐκ ἔσθ᾽ ὅπως) there is no way in which.., it cannot be that, οὐκ ἔστι ὅκως κοτὲ σοὺς δέξονται λόγους [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.102, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 18, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.208, +others)]; so οὐκ ἔστιν ὅ. οὐ, fieri non potest quin, οὐκ ἔσθ᾽ ὅ. οὐ πιστὸν ἐξ ὑμῶν πτερὸν ἐξήγαγ᾽ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 97, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 116, “Eq.” 426, “Th.” 882, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 27e)]; οὐδαμῶς ὅ. οὐ, in answer, it must positively be so, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Tht.” 160d; so also οὐκ ἂν γένοιτο τοῦθ᾽ ὅ... οὐ φανῶ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1058)]; οὐ γὰρ γένοιτ᾽ ἄν, ταῦθ᾽ ὅ. οὐχ ὧδ᾽ ἔχειν (anacoluthon for ἔχει or ἕξει) [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Aj.” 378: so in questions, ἔσθ᾽ ὅ... ἔλθωμε; 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 471 (variant{-οιμεν}))]; ἔστιν οὖν ὅ. ὁ τοιοῦτος φιλοσοφήσε; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 495a, compare “Phdr.” 262b, “Tht.” 154c: so, besides _indicative_ of all tenses, οὐκ ἔσθ᾽ ὅ.)] may be followed by optative with ἄν, οὐ γάρ ἐσθ᾽ ὅπως μί᾽ ἡμέρα γένοιτ᾽ ἂν ἡμέραι δύο [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 1181, compare “V.” 212, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 12.156, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Laches” 184c: by _indicative_ with ἄν, οὐκ ἔστιν ὅπως ἂν.. κατέστησαν 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 15.206, compare 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 33.28: ἄν)] is omitted in οὐκ ἔσθ᾽ ὅπως λέξαιμι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 620, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 52, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 471 (variant{ἔλθωμεν}).)]
B.I.4 in Trag., etc., like{ὡς} in comparisons, κῦμ᾽ ὅπως [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 1001; γῄτης ὅπως 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 32, compare 442, 683)]; ὅπως δρῦν ὑλοτόμοι σχίζουσι κάρα [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “El.” 98 (_anapaest meter_); ὅπως ἁ πάνδυρτος ἀηδών [prev. work] 1076 (Lyric poetry),compare “Ph.” 777, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 1140; ὅκως τις καλλίης κάτω κύπτων 3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 3.41)]; so in Locrian dialect Prose, ὅπω(σ)ξένον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“IG” 9(1).334.2 (5th c.BC).)]
B.I.5 like{ὡς} or ὅτι, with superlative of Advs., ὅ. ἄριστα [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 600, “IG” 12.44.8, etc.)]; ὅ. ἀνωτάτω as high up as possible, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Pax” 207)]; in full, οὕτως ὅ. ἥδιστα (i.e. ἔχει) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 330.)]
B.I.6 with a genitive added, σοῦσθε ὅ. ποδῶν run as you are off for feet, i. e. as quick as you can, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 837 (Lyric poetry, where however [ἔχετε] should probably be added); see below 111.10, ἔχω (A) 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 11.2b.)]
B.I.7 sometimes of Time, when, Τρῶες.. ὅπως ἴδον αἷμ᾽ Ὀδυσῆος.., ἐπ᾽ αὐτῷ πάντες ἔβησαν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.459, compare 12.208, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.373: frequently in 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus)] with optative, whenever, ὅκως μὲν εἴη ἐν τῇ γῇ καρπὸς ἁδρός [Refs (1.17, compare 68, 100, 162, 186, 2.13, 174, +others)]: in Trag. and Comedy texts, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 198, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 749, “Tr.” 765, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 60)]: with superlative of Advs., ὅ. πρῶτα as soon as, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Theogonia” 156; ὅ. ὤκιστα 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 427; ὅ. τάχιστα 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 230.)]
B.I.8 of Place, where, uncertain in [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 3.75.)]
B.II ὅπως is sometimes used to introduce the substance of a statement, after Verbs of saying, thinking, or perceiving, that, how, λόγῳ ἀνάπεισον ὅκως.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.37; οὐδὲ φήσω ὅκως.. [prev. author] 2.49, compare 3.115, 116)]; τοῦτ᾽ αὐτὸ μή μοι φράζ᾽, ὅπως οὐκ εἶ κακός [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 548, compare “Ant.” 223, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthydemus” 296e)]; after ἐλπίζειν, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 963, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Heraclidae” 1051)]; after Verbs of emotion, ἐμοὶ δ᾽ ἄχος.., ὅπως δὴ δηρὸν ἀποίχεται grief is mine, when I think how.. (i. e. that.. ), [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.109, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 169 (Lyric poetry))]; after θαυμάζω frequently in Attic dialect, θαυμάζω ὅ. ποτὲ ἐπείσθησαν Ἀθηναῖοι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.1.20, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Crito” 43a.)]
B.II.2 οὐχ ὅ... ἀλλὰ or ἀλλὰ καὶ.. is not only not.. but.., and is explained by an ellipsis of λέγω or ἐρῶ (compare ὅτι IV), οὐχ ὅ. κωλυταὶ.. γενήσεσθε, ἀλλὰ καὶ.. δύναμιν προσλαβεῖν περιόψεσθε not only will you not become.., but you will also.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.35, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 5.4.34, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 6.9; οὐχ ὅ. ὑμῖν τῶν αὑτοῦ τι ἐπέδωκεν, ἀλλὰ τῶν ὑμετέρων πολλὰ ὑφῄρηται 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 30.26; οὐχ ὅ. τούτων χάριν ἀπέδοσαν, ἀλλ᾽ ἀπολιπόντες ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν Λακεδαιμονίων συμμαχίαν εἰσῆλθον 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 14.27, compare 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.131, 53.13; οὐ γὰρ ὅπως.., ἀλλὰ καὶ.. [prev. author] 21.11; οὔκουν ὅπως.., ἀλλὰ.. 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.2.12; also οὐχ ὅ..., ἀλλ᾽ οὐδέ.., οὐχ ὅ. ἀδικοῦντες, ἀλλ᾽ οὐδ᾽ ἐπιδημοῦντες ἐφυγαδευόμεθα [prev. author] “HG” 2.4.14; οὐχ ὅ. τῆς κοινῆς ἐλευθερίας μετέχομεν, ἀλλ᾽ οὐδὲ δουλείας μετρίας τυχεῖν ἠξιώθημεν 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 14.5; διμοιρίαν λαμβάνων ἐν ταῖς θοίναις οὐχ ὅπως ἀμφοτέραις ἐχρῆτο, ἀλλὰ διαπέμπων οὐδετέραν αὑτῷ κατέλειπε 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Agesilaus” 5.1; οὐχ ὅ. ζημιοῦν, ἀλλὰ μηδ᾽ ἀτιμάζειν.. 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.42: so sometimes μὴ ὅ. (where an _imperative_ must be supplied), μὴ ὅ. ὀρχεῖσθαι ἀλλ᾽ οὐδὲ ὀρθοῦσθαι ἐδύνασθε)] do not think that you could dance = so far from being able to dance, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.3.10.)]
B.II.2.b οὐχ ὅ. rarely follows another clause, to say nothing of.., let alone.., πεπαύμεθ᾽ ἡμεῖς, οὐχ ὅ. σε παύσομεν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 796)]; μηδ᾽ ἐμπίδα, οὐχ ὅπως ταῦρον ἔτι ἄρασθαι δυνάμενος.. let alone a bull, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Cont.” 8, compare “Prom.” 8, “Pr.Im.” 7, “Pisc.” 31.)]
B.III in in direct questions, how, in what way or manner:
B.III.1 with indicative,
B.III.1.a ἔσπετε νῦν μοι ὅππως δὴ.. πῦρ ἔμπεσε νηυσίν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.113; εἴπ᾽ ἄγε μ᾽.. ὅππως τούσδ᾽ ἵππους λάβετον 10.545; εὖ μοι κατάλεξον ὅπως ἤντησας 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.97; ὅπως ἠφανίσθη οὐδὲ λόγῳ εἰκότι δύνανται ἀποφαίνειν 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.26; Ἀλκιβιάδης ἀνήχθη.. ἐπὶ κατασκοπὴν.. τοῦ οἴκαδε κατάπλου ὅπως ἡ πόλις πρὸς αὐτὸν ἔχοι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 1.4.11; οὐδέ τί πω σάφα ἴδμεν ὅπως ἔσται τάδε ἔργα 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.252, etc.)]
B.III.1.b notably future after Verbs of deliberation (like the subjunctive, see[Refs (below 2), φραζώμεθ᾽ ὅπως ἔσται τάδε ἔργα 4.14)]; φράζευ ὅπως Δαναοῖσιν ἀλεξήσεις κακὸν ἦμαρ (variant{ἀλεξήσῃς})[Refs 8th c.BC+ (9.251, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.376, 386, 19.557, 20.29, 39.)]
B.III.2 with deliberative subjunctive after Verbs of deliberation, taking care, and the like, λεύσσει ὅπως ὄχ᾽ ἄριστα.. γένηται [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.110)]; ἐνόησεν (gnomic aorist) ὅππως κέρδος ἔῃ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (10.225; ἀλλ᾽ ἄγεθ᾽ ἡμεῖς οἵδε περιφραζώμεθα πάντες νόστον ὅπως ἔλθῃσι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.77, compare 13.365; οὐκ οἶδ᾽ ὅπως.. φῶ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1367, compare “Aj.” 428, 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 8.5, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Meno” 91d; ἐπιμελητέον ὅπως τρέφωνται οἱ ἵπποι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitum magistro” 1.3, compare “Oec.” 7.36, 37, 9.14, 15.1, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 515c.)]—Sts. the future and subjunctive are conjoined without difference of meaning, ἐπράττετο γὰρ.., πρῶτον μὲν ὅπως μὴ περιμείνητε.., δεύτερον δὲ ὅπως ψηφιε̄σθε.., τρίτον δὲ ὅπως μὴ ἔσται [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 3.65, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Agesilaus” 7.7, “Mem.” 2.2.10.—On ὅπως ἄν (κεν), see below 5.)]
B.III.3 with optative after tenses of past time, τῶν ἀδῄλων ὅπως ἀποβήσοιτο [Refs 8th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 1.3.2, etc.: after Verbs of deliberation, being virtually indirect speech, μερμήριξε.. Ἥρη ὅπως ἐξαπάφοιτο (direct speech πῶς ἐξαπάφωμα;) 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 14.160; μερμήριζεν ὅπως ἀπολοίατο πᾶσαι νῆες 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.554, compare 420; οὐ γὰρ εἴχομεν.. ὅπως δρῶντες καλῶς πράξαιμεν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 271; ἐπεμελήθημεν ὅπως ἐξαλειφθείη αὐτῷ τὰ ἁμαρτήματα 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 6.39, compare 13.32, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 6.2.11.)]
B.III.4 with optative and ἄν frequently expressing a wish, which in direct speech would be expressed by πῶς ἄν, σκόπει ὅ. ἂν ἀποθάνοιμεν ἀνδρικώτατα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 81 (variant{ἀποθάνωμεν}),compare “Nu.” 760; βουλευόμενοι ὅ. ἂν τὴν ἡγεμονίαν λάβοιεν τῆς Ἑλλάδος 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 7.1.33, compare “Cyr.” 2.1.4; τῶν ἄλλων ἐπιμελεῖται ὅ. ἂν θηρῷεν (variant{-ῶσιν}) [prev. work] 1.2.10: the _optative_ with ἄν)] and subjunctive sometimes appear in consecutive clauses, [Refs ([prev. author] “HG” 3.2.1.)]
B.III.5 ὅπως ἄν (κεν) with the subjunctive is used after imperative or infinitive used as imperative, πείρα ὅπως κεν δὴ σὴν πατρίδα γαῖαν ἵκηαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.545; φράζεσθαι.., ὅππως κε μνηστῆρας.. κτείνῃς 1.295; σκοπεῖτε.., ὅ. ἂν ὑμῖν πρᾶγος εὖ νικᾷ τόδε 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 233, etc.; φύλασσε.. ἔπειθ᾽ ὅ. ἂν.. ἡ χάρις.. ἐξ ἁπλῆς διπλῆ φανῇ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 618, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 539: in Prose, ἐπιμεληθῆναι ὅ. ἂν.. 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.3.6, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 326a; μηχανᾶσθαι [prev. author] “Phdr.” 239b, “Grg.” 481a, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 917.)]
B.III.6 rarely with infinitive, ἐπιμελήθητε προθύμως ὅπως διπλάσια.. σῖτα καὶ ποτὰ παρασκευασθῆναι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 4.2.37 (variant{-εσκευασμένα ᾖ}),compare “Oec.” 7.29, “HG” 6.2.32)]; so later ὅπως παρακολουθῆμεν (Doric dialect infinitive) [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (“Supp.epigram” 1.170.18 (compare p.138, Delph., 2nd c.BC))]; ὅπως.. ἔχειν, ὅπως.. εἴργεσθαι, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 20.4, 85; ὅπως πέμπιν “PTeb.” 315.30 (2nd c.AD).)]
B.III.7 after Verbs of fear and caution, ὅπως and ὅπως μή are used with future indicative or aorist subjunctive:— the readings are frequently uncertain: the following (among others) are made certain either by the metre or the form,
B.III.7.a with future indicative, δέδοιχ᾽ ὅπως μὴ τεύξομαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 112; παντὶ λόγῳ ἀντιτείνετε εὐλαβούμενοι ὅπως μὴ.. οἰχήσομαι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 91c; φόβος.. ἔστιν.. ὅπως μὴ αὖθις διασχισθησόμεθα [prev. author] “Smp.” 193a)]: sometimes the preceding Verb is omitted, ὅπως μὴ οὐκ.. ἔσομαι [Refs ([prev. author] “Men.” 77a.)]
B.III.7.b with aorist subjunctive, τὴν θεὸν δ᾽ ὅ. λάθω δέδοικα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Taurica” 995; φυλάττου, ὅ. μὴ εἰς τοὐναντίον ἔλθῃς 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 3.6.16)]: rarely with present, οὐ φοβεῖ ὅ. μὴ ἀνόσιον πρᾶγμα τυγχάνῃς πράττων [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthyphro” 4e)]: sometimes the preceding Verb is omitted, with aorist subjunctive, ὅκως μή τι ὑμῖν πανώλεθρον κακὸν ἐς τὴν χώρην ἐσβάλωσι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.85)]: with present subjunctive, ὅπως μὴ.. ᾖ τοῦτο [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 430d.)]
B.III.7.c with optative representing subjunctive after a historical tense, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 2.9.3.)]
B.III.8 this Constr. is used in admonitions or commands: in the originally Constr. a Verb implying caution or circumspection precedes, ὅρα ὅκως μή σευ ἀποστήσονται Πέρσαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.36; ἄθρει.. ὅπως μὴ ἐκδύσεται 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 141; τηρώμεσθ᾽ ὅπως μὴ.. αἰσθήσεται [prev. work] 372: but this came to be omitted, and ὅπως or ὅπως μή)] with future indicative or aorist subjunctive are exactly = the imperative, ἔμβα χὤπως ἀρεῖς [Refs ([prev. author] “Ra.” 378 (Lyric poetry): most frequently with)]future indicative, ὅκως λόγον δώσεις τῶν μετεχείρισας χρημάτων, ={δίδου λόγον}, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.142)]; ὅπως παρέσει μοι, ={πάρισθι}, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 131; ὅπως πετήσει [prev. author] “Pax” 77, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.7.3, 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 1.21, 12.50, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 489a, etc.)]: rarely with I person, ὁποῖα κισσὸς δρυός, ὅπως τῆσδ᾽ ἕξομαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 398, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 297 (Lyric poetry))]: very rarely with aorist subjunctive, ὅπως μή τι ἡμᾶς σφήλῃ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthydemus” 296a codices; ὅπως μὴ.. ἐξαπατήσῃ [prev. author] “Prt.” 313c; ὅπως μὴ ποιήσητε 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 4.20 codices)] —The codices frequently vary, as between διδάξεις and -ξῃς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 824)]; τιμωρήσονται and -ωνται[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.56; πράξομεν and -ωμεν [prev. work] 82)]; θορυβήσει and -σῃ[Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 13.14, etc.)] —Since the future is frequently, and the aorist (whether 1 or 2) rarely guaranteed by metre or form, the aorist 1 forms should probably be rejected, both in signification 7 and 8, in cases where codices vary.
B.III.9 as the echo to a preceding πῶ; in dialogue, A καὶ πῶ; B ὅπως"; [do you ask] how? [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 128; A πῶς με χρὴ καλεῖ; B ὅπω; [prev. author] “Nu.” 677, compare “Pl.” 139.)]
B.III.10 with a genitive (see.[Refs (above 1.6), οὐκ οἶδα παιδείας ὅπως ἔχει καὶ δικαιοσύνης)]in the matter of.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 470e, compare “R.” 389c.)]
B.IV in direct questions, how? ἔπραξας ὅπω; [Refs 4th c.AD+ (4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Epistulae” 82p.106B.)]-C.; compare ὅστις.
B.V indefinite, anyhow, τὸ οὐδ᾽ ὅ. the expression 'not at all', [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 183b (variant{οὐδ᾽ οὕτως}).)]
B FINAL CONJUNCTION, that, in order that, the original notion of modality being merged in that of purpose or design, compare ἵνα, with which it is sometimes interchanged, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 1.23 and 24, 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 3.14, 4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 119f:—in early _Attic dialect_ Inscrr. only ὅπως ἄν is used, “IG” 12.39.19, +others; ὅπως without ἄν only once in 4th c.BC, [prev. work]22.226.42 (4th c.BC), after which it becomes gradually prevalent:)]
B.1 with subjunctive,
B.1.a after primary tenses, or after subjunctive or imperative, τὸν δὲ μνηστῆρες.. λοχῶσιν, ὅπως ἀπὸ φῦλον ὄληται [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.181, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 873, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 238, “El.” 457, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 2.10.2, etc.)]
B.1.b after historical tenses (see. ἵνα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 1.1b), when there is no)]perfect form, or when the aorist represents the perfect, ξυνελέγημεν ἐνθάδε, ὅ. προμελετήσωμεν we were convened, i. e. we have met in assembly, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 117; παρήλθομεν.., ὅπως μὴ χεῖρον βουλεύσησθε 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.73; also when the occurrence purposed is regarded from the point of view of the person purposing, ἦλθον πρεσβευσόμενοι, ὅπως μὴ σφίσι.. τὸ αὐτῶν [ναυτικὸν] ἐμπόδιον γένηται [prev. work] 31, compare 57, 65)], etc.: sometimes the optative and subjunctive appear in consecutive clauses, φρυκτοὺς παρεσκευασμένους ἐς αὐτὸ τοῦτο, ὅπως ἀσαφῆ τὰ σημεῖα.. ᾖ καὶ μὴ βοηθοῖεν [Refs ([prev. author] 3.22, compare 6.96, 7.17.)]
B.2 with optative after historical tenses, πὰρ δέ οἱ αὐτὸς ἔστη, ὅπως.. κῆρας ἀλάλκοι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.548; more frequently in 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey”, as 13.319, 14.312, 18.160, 22.472)]; so in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1005, “OC” 1305, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.4.25, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 77e, etc.)]: after historical present, πέμπει τούσδ᾽ ὅπως κτείνοιεν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 450; ἡγεμόνα πέμπει ὅπως ἄγοι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 4.7.19: after _optative_, ἔλθοι.. ὅ. γένοιτο 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 297, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1221 (Lyric poetry).)]
B.3 with indicative,
B.3.a of historical tenses, where the principal clause expresses an action or obligation unfulfilled, εἴθ᾽ εἶχε φωνὴν ἔμφρον᾽ ἀγγέλου δίκην, ὅ. δίφροντις οὖσα μὴ 'κινυσσόμην [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 196, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 1134)]: rare in Prose, ἐδεξάμην ἃν.. φράσαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς.., ὅ... προῄδετε [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 2.21)]; τίς οὐκ ἂν.. ταῦτα ἐδήλωσεν, ὅ... ταῦτα ἠλέγχθ; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 36.20; οὐκοῦν ἐχρῆν σε Πηγάσου ζεῦξαι πτερόν, ὅ. ἐφαίνου τοῖς θεοῖς τραγικώτερος 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Pax” 135)]; τί.. οὐκ ἔρριψ᾽ ἐμαυτὴν.. ὅ. ἀπηλλάγη; [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 749.)]
B.3.b of future, θέλγει, ὅ. Ἰθάκης ἐπιλήσεται (= φραζομένη ὅπως ἐ.) [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.57, compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.136; [χρὴ] ἀναβιβάζειν ἐπὶ τὸν τροχὸν τοὺς ἀπογραφέντας, ὅ. μὴ πρότερον νὺξ ἔσται 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 1.43; ἐμισθώσατο τοῦτον.., ὅ. συνερεῖ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 19.316)]: sometimes future indicative and aorist subjunctive are conjoined, σιγᾶθ᾽, ὅ. μὴ πεύσεταί τις, ὦ τέκνα, γλώσσης χάριν δὲ πάντ᾽ ἀπαγγείλῃ τάδε [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 265.)]
B.II ὅπως with subjunctive is sometimes used after Verbs of will and endeavour, instead of the infinitive, λίσσεσθαι.. ὅ. νημερτέα εἴπῃ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.19; αἰτεῖσθαι ὅ. μὴ καταψηφίσησθε 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 1.12; δεήσεται.., ὅ. δίκην μὴ δῷ [prev. work]23; ὅ. μὴ ἀποθάνῃ ἠντεβόλει 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 1.29)]; παρακελεύεσθε ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς ὅ... ἐξίητε [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 127 (ἔξιτε Rehdantz): with ἄν, δεῖταί μου σφόδρα ὅπως ἂν οἰκουρῇ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 1060, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.126, 3.44; διεκελεύετο ὅπως ἂν.. ἐγγράφωσί με 4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 7.27)]; so δεῖ σ᾽ ὅ. δείξεις (for δεῖξαι), [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 556, may be explained as ellipsis for δεῖ σ᾽ ὁρᾶν (σκοπεῖν) ὅπως,compare [prev. author] “Ph.” 55; δεῖ σ᾽ ὅπως.. μηδὲν διοίσεις.. 5th c.BC: Cratinus Comicus 108.)]