Strong G5613ὡς
as/when
- Transliteration
- hōs
- Pronunciation
- hoce
- Morphology
- Greek Preposition
Definition
Probably adverb of compound from G3739; which how that is in that manner (very variously used as shown): - about after (that) (according) as (it had been it were) as soon (as) even as (like) for how (greatly) like (as unto) since so (that) that to wit unto when ([-soever]) while X with all speed.
Detailed definition
ὡς, adverbial form of the relative pron. ὅς, ἥ, ὅ.
I. As relat. adv. of manner, as, like as, just as, even as;
1. with a demonstrative, like οὕτως, expressed or understood: οὕτως... ὡς, Mrk.4:26, 1Co.3:15, Eph.5:28, Jas.2:12, al.; ὡς... οὕτως, Act.8:32, 1Co.7:17, al.; elliptically (sc. οὕτως, οὕτω), with nom., Mat.6:29, al.; with accusative, Mat.19:19, Mrk.12:31, al.; with prep., Mat.26:55, Mrk.14:48, Luk.22:52, Jhn.7:10, al.; with verb., Jhn.15:6, 2Co.3:1, Eph.2:3, 1Th.5:6, al.; with ptcp. (the ptcp. however not having the special force wh. it has in cl.; see Bl., §73, 5; 74, 6), Mat.7:29, Mrk.1:22, Heb.13:17, al.; freq implying opinion or belief, Rom.9:32; so esp, with genitive absol., 1Co.4:18, 2Co.5:20, 1Pe.4:12, 2Pe.1:3.
2. Before numerals, about, nearly: Mrk.5:13, Jhn.1:40, Act.5:7, al.
3. Before adjectives and adverbs, how: Rom.10:15 11:33, 1Th.2:10; with superl., ὡς τάχιστα, as quickly as possible, Act.17:15.
II. As conjunction;
1. temporal,
__(a) as, when, since: Mrk.9:21 14:72, Luk.1:23, Jhn.2:9, al.;
__(b) while, when, as long as: Luk.12:58, Jhn.12:36, Gal.6:10 (Field, Notes, 191); ὡς ἄν (M, Pr., 167, and see: ἄν), Rom.15:24, 1Co.11:34, Php.2:23.
2. Final, in order that; with inf., in order to (M, Pr., 204n), Luk.9:52, Act.20:24, Heb.7:9.
(AS)
I. As relat. adv. of manner, as, like as, just as, even as;
1. with a demonstrative, like οὕτως, expressed or understood: οὕτως... ὡς, Mrk.4:26, 1Co.3:15, Eph.5:28, Jas.2:12, al.; ὡς... οὕτως, Act.8:32, 1Co.7:17, al.; elliptically (sc. οὕτως, οὕτω), with nom., Mat.6:29, al.; with accusative, Mat.19:19, Mrk.12:31, al.; with prep., Mat.26:55, Mrk.14:48, Luk.22:52, Jhn.7:10, al.; with verb., Jhn.15:6, 2Co.3:1, Eph.2:3, 1Th.5:6, al.; with ptcp. (the ptcp. however not having the special force wh. it has in cl.; see Bl., §73, 5; 74, 6), Mat.7:29, Mrk.1:22, Heb.13:17, al.; freq implying opinion or belief, Rom.9:32; so esp, with genitive absol., 1Co.4:18, 2Co.5:20, 1Pe.4:12, 2Pe.1:3.
2. Before numerals, about, nearly: Mrk.5:13, Jhn.1:40, Act.5:7, al.
3. Before adjectives and adverbs, how: Rom.10:15 11:33, 1Th.2:10; with superl., ὡς τάχιστα, as quickly as possible, Act.17:15.
II. As conjunction;
1. temporal,
__(a) as, when, since: Mrk.9:21 14:72, Luk.1:23, Jhn.2:9, al.;
__(b) while, when, as long as: Luk.12:58, Jhn.12:36, Gal.6:10 (Field, Notes, 191); ὡς ἄν (M, Pr., 167, and see: ἄν), Rom.15:24, 1Co.11:34, Php.2:23.
2. Final, in order that; with inf., in order to (M, Pr., 204n), Luk.9:52, Act.20:24, Heb.7:9.
(AS)
In the Bible
Strong G5613 appears in 435 verses of the KJV.
Translated in the KJV by
- as278
- when42
- be23
- how18
- about12
- even11
- though11
- like8
- soon8
- that5
- if4
- unto4
First verses
- Matthew 1:24Then Joseph being raised from sleep did as the angel of the Lord had bidden him, and took unto him his wife:
- Matthew 6:10Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven.
- Matthew 6:12And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors.
- Matthew 6:29And yet I say unto you, That even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these.
- Matthew 7:29For he taught them as one having authority, and not as the scribes.
- Matthew 8:13And Jesus said unto the centurion, Go thy way; and as thou hast believed, so be it done unto thee. And his servant was healed in the selfsame hour.
- Matthew 10:16Behold, I send you forth as sheep in the midst of wolves: be ye therefore wise as serpents, and harmless as doves.
- Matthew 10:25It is enough for the disciple that he be as his master, and the servant as his lord. If they have called the master of the house Beelzebub, how much more shall they call them of his household?
- Matthew 12:13Then saith he to the man, Stretch forth thine hand. And he stretched it forth; and it was restored whole, like as the other.
- Matthew 13:43Then shall the righteous shine forth as the sun in the kingdom of their Father. Who hath ears to hear, let him hear.
- Matthew 14:5And when he would have put him to death, he feared the multitude, because they counted him as a prophet.
- Matthew 15:28Then Jesus answered and said unto her, O woman, great is thy faith: be it unto thee even as thou wilt. And her daughter was made whole from that very hour.
- Matthew 17:2And was transfigured before them: and his face did shine as the sun, and his raiment was white as the light.
- Matthew 17:20And Jesus said unto them, Because of your unbelief: for verily I say unto you, If ye have faith as a grain of mustard seed, ye shall say unto this mountain, Remove hence to yonder place; and it shall remove; and nothing shall be impossible unto you.
- Matthew 18:3And said, Verily I say unto you, Except ye be converted, and become as little children, ye shall not enter into the kingdom of heaven.
- Matthew 18:4Whosoever therefore shall humble himself as this little child, the same is greatest in the kingdom of heaven.
- Matthew 18:33Shouldest not thou also have had compassion on thy fellowservant, even as I had pity on thee?
- Matthew 19:19Honour thy father and thy mother: and, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself.
- Matthew 20:14Take that thine is, and go thy way: I will give unto this last, even as unto thee.
- Matthew 21:26But if we shall say, Of men; we fear the people; for all hold John as a prophet.
Occurrences by book
Related words
Detailed Greek dictionary
ὡς:—
Summary:
A as adverb of Manner.
A.Aa ὧς and ὥς (with accent), so, thus.
A.Ab ὡς (without accent) of the Relat. pronoun ὅς, as.
A.Ac ὡς Relat. and Interrog., how.
A.Ad ὡς temporal, when.
A.Ae ὡς Local, where,
B ὡς, as CONJUNCTION.
C,D various usages. adverb of Manner:
A.Aa ὥς, Demonstr., ={οὕτως}, so, thus, frequently in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.33, +others; ὢς εἶπ᾽ 7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica “Papyrus fragments” in E. Diehl, 20 a. 11 (Epic style))]; in Ionic dialect Prose, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.13, +others; rare in _Attic dialect_, and almost confined to certain phrases, see below 2, 3)]; ὥς simply ={οὕτως}, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 930, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.37, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 338a; ἀλλ᾽ ὣς γενέσθω 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 888, +others)]
A.2 καὶ ὧς even so, nevertheless, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.116, +others)]; οὐδ᾽ ὧς not even so, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (7.263, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.6, +others, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.76; οὐδέ κεν ὧς 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.386: the phrases καὶ ὧς, οὐδ᾽ ὧς, μηδ᾽ ὧς,)] are used in Trag. and Attic dialect, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 1042, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.74, 7.74; also later, “PCair.Zen.” 19.10 (3rd c.BC, unaccented), “UPZ” 146.40 (2nd c.BC), “GDI” 1832.11 (Delph., 2nd c.BC), “IG” 22.850.17 (3rd c.BC))]; κἂν ὧς, εἴπερ μέλει σοι, ἀπόστειλόν μοί τινα [Refs 4th c.AD+ (“POxy.” 120.11 (4th c.AD))]; δουλεύων καθὼς καὶ ὧς [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (“GDI” 2160 (Delph., 2nd c.BC))]; Thess. καὶ οὗς [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“IG” 9(2).234.1 (3rd c.BC))]; for this phrase the accentuation ὧς[Refs 2nd c.AD+ (is prescribed by Hdn.Gr.2.932, +others,compare 2nd c.AD: Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus “de Syntaxi”; 307.16, and is found in good Mss. of Homer; for the remaining uses under this head (Aa. 1, 3, 4) the accentuation ὥς is prescribed by the same grammarians.)]
A.3 in Comparisons, ὥς.., ὡς.., so.. as.., etc.; and reversely ὡς.., ὣς.., as.. so, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.512, 14.265, etc.)]; in Attic dialect, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 530d)]; also ὥς τε.. ὣς.., as.. thus.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“hymnus ad Cererem” 174 - 6, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Bacchae” 1066 - 8; οἷα.. ὥς [prev. author] “El.” 151 - 5)]; ὥσπερ.., ὣς δὲ.. (in apodosi) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 326d.)]
A.4 thus, for instance, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.129, “hymnus ad Venerem” 218)]; ὥς should be accented in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.121, 125.)]
A.4.Ab ὡς, Relat., as, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, etc.)]; properly relative to a demonstrative adverb, which is frequently omitted, κινήθη δ᾽ ἀγορὴ ὡς κύματα μακρὰ θαλάσσης, i. e. οὕτως, ὡς.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.144 (φὴ 4th-3rd c.BC: Zenodotus Grammaticus): it is _relative_ not only to the regular _demonstrative_ Advs. ὥς (ὧς), τώς, ὧδε, οὕτως, αὕτως, but also to ταύτῃ, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 365d, etc. We find a collateral _Doric dialect_ form ὥ (which see))]; compare ὥτε. Usage:
A.I in similes, frequently in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.161, +others)]; longer similes are commonly introduced by ὡς ὅτε, ὡς δ᾽ ὅτε, ἤριπε δ᾽, ὡς ὅτε πύργος [ἤριπε] [Refs (4.462: ἤριπε δ᾽, ὡς ὅτε τις δρῦς ἤριπε 13.389, compare 2.394)]; so later, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 84.1, etc.; ὡς ὅτε θαητὸν μέγαρον, πάξομεν 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 6.2: ὡς ὅτε)] is rare in short similes, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.368: ὡς)] is followed by indicative present, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.4, 16.364: also by)]aorist, [Refs (3.33f, 4.275, 16.823, +others)]; also by subjunctive present or aorist, [Refs (5.161, 10.183, 485, 13.334)] (sometimes ὡς δ᾽ ὅτ᾽ ἄν, [Refs (11.269, 17.520))]; compare ὥστε A:—the Verb is sometimes omitted with ὡς, but may be supplied from the context, ἐνδούπησε πεσοῦσ᾽, ὡς εἰναλίη κήξ (i.e. πίπτει) [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 15.479, compare 6.20; θεὸς δ᾽ ὣς τίετο δήμῳ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.78; οἱ δὲ φέβοντο.., βόες ὣς ἀγελαῖαι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 22.299: where ὡς)] follows the noun to which it refers, it takes the accent; so in Comedy texts, Ἀριστόδημος ὥς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Cratinus Comicus 151, compare 4th c.BC: Eubulus Comicus 75.6)]; see infr. H.
A.I.2 like as, just as, ὡς οὗτος κατὰ τέκν᾽ ἔφαγε.., ὣς ἡμεῖς κτλ. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.326, see supr. Aa. 3.)]
A.I.3 sometimes in the sense as much as or according as, ἑλὼν κρέας ὥς (i. e. ὅσον) οἱ χεῖρες ἐχάνδανον [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 17.344)]; ὦκα δὲ μητρὶ ἔννεπον ὡς (i. e. ὅσα) εἶδόν τε καὶ ἔκλυον [Refs 8th c.BC+ (“hymnus ad Cererem” 172; τῶν πάντων οὐ τόσσον ὀδύρομαι.. ὡς ἑνός 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.105; τόσον.. ὡς 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.130)]; so in Trag., σοὶ θεοὶ πόροιεν ὡς ἐγὼ θέλω [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1124; ὡς ἐγὼ οὐκ ἔστιν ὑμῶν ὅστις ἐξ ἴσου νοσεῖ [prev. author] “OT” 60)]; in Prose, ὡς δύναται as much as he can, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 278; τὸ ῥῆμα μέμνημαι ὡς εἶπε 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 3.72)]; ὡς μή ={ὅσον μή, νέμεν ὅτι ἃν} (={ἂν}) βόλητοι ὡς μὴ ἰν τοῖ περιχώροι [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“IG” 5(2).3.9 (Tegea, 4th c.BC))]; cf. Ab. 11.2 below
A.I.4 sometimes after comparative, compared with, hence than, μᾶλλον πρέπει οὕτως ὡς.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 36d; ἅ γε μείζω πόνον παρέχει.. οὐκ ἂν ῥᾳδίως οὐδὲ πολλὰ ἂν εὕροις ὡς τοῦτο [prev. author] “R.” 526c)]; οὐδενὸς μᾶλλον φροντίζειν ὡς.. [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 3.12.5, compare 7.4.5, 11.2.9, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Coriolanus” 36: μᾶσσον ὡς)] is uncertain in [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 629)], and [ἢ] should perhaps be inserted in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 7.12,31)]; compare ὥσπερ IV.
A.II with Adverbial clauses:
A.II.1 parenthetically, in qualifying clauses, ὡς ἔοικε, etc., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 176c, etc.)]: in these cases γε or γοῦν is frequently added, ὡς γοῦν ὁ λόγος σημαίνει as at any rate the argument shows, [Refs ([prev. author] “R.” 334a)]; in some phrases with infinitive, see below [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 11.3. An anacoluthon sometimes occurs by the Verb of the principal clause being made dependent on the parenthetic Verb, ὡς δὲ Σκύθαι λέγουσι, νεώτατον ἁπάντων ἐθνέων εἶναι (for ἦν))] τὸ σφέτερον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.5, compare 1.65; ὡς ἐγὼ ἤκουσα, εἶναι αὐτόν [prev. author] 4.76)]; ὡς γὰρ.. ἤκουσά τινος, ὅτι.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 6.4.18 codices)]; ἁνὴρ ὅδ᾽ ὡς ἔοικεν οὐ νεμεῖν (for οὐ νεμεῖ, ὡς ἔοικε), [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 1238.)]
A.II.2 in elliptical phrases, so far as.. (compare supr. Ab.[Refs 5th c.BC+ (1.3) ὡς ἐμοί [prev. author] “Aj.” 395 (Lyric poetry); so ὥς γε ἐμοὶ κριτῇ 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “Varia Historia” 2.41 and ὥς γ᾽ ἐμοὶ χρῆσθαι κριτῇ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 801; ὡς ἐμῇ δόξῃ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Vectigalibus” 5.2)]; ὡς ἀπ᾽ ὀμμάτων (i.e. εἰκάσαι) to judge by eyesight, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 15)]: especially in such phrases as οὐκέτι πολλὸν χωρίον, ὡς εἶναι Αἰγύπτου [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.8)]; οὐδὲ ἀδύνατος, ὡς Αακεδαιμόνιος for a Lacedaemonian, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.84, compare 1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis 10.31; ὡς ἀνθρώποις 5th c.BC: Alcmaeon Philosophus 1)]; φρονεῖ.. ὡς γυνὴ μέγα for a woman, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1078)]; πιστός, ὡς νομεύς, ἀνήρ [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 1118; μακρὰν ὡς γέροντι.. ὁδόν [prev. author] “OC” 20, compare 385, “Ant.” 62, etc.; ὡπλισμένοι ὡς ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσιν ἱκανῶς 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 4.3.31; also with ἄν, μεγάλα ἐκτήσατο χρήματα, ὡς ἂν εἶναι Ῥοδῶπιν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.135 codices (ἂν secl. Krüger, Ῥοδώπιος conjecture Valck.))]:—for ὡς εἰπεῖν and the like, see below [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 11.3.)]
A.II.3 ὡς attached to the object of the Verb, as, ἑωυτὸν ὡς ἐχθρὸν λυπέει [Refs 5th c.BC+ (3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 88; ἔλαβεν ἀμφοτέρους ὡς φίλους ἤδη 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.2.25; ἐν οἰκήματι ᾧ ὡς ταμιείῳ ἐχρῆτο 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 315d)].— For the similar usage of ὡς with Participles and Prepositions, see below with
A.III with Adverbs:
A.III.a with the Posit., ὡς ἀληθῶς truly, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 234e (compare ἀληθής 111.1b: as if _adverb_ of τὸ ἀληθές))]; ὡς ἑτέρως in the other way, [Refs 4th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 276c, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.212)] (adverb of ὁ ἕτερο; see at {ἕτερος} see 2) (see. below [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 1.1))]; ὡς ἠπίως, ὡς ἐτητύμως, [LXX+5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 1438 (Lyric poetry), 1452; ὡς ὁμοίως “SIG” 708.34 (Istropolis, 2nd c.BC), LXX.4Mac.5.21, 1 “Enoch” 5.3, “IG” 7.2725.16 (Acraeph., 2nd c.AD))]; ὡς ἐναλλάξ [Refs 4th c.BC+ (2nd c.AD: Vettius Valens Astrologus 215.9, 340.2; ὡς παντελῶς [prev. author] 184.26; ὡς ἄλλως 4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 7.27, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 6.32; ὡς ἐνδεχομένως “PPetr.” 2p.53 (3rd c.BC))]; in ὣς αὔτως (see. ὡσαύτως) we have the adverb of ὁ αὐτός, but the ὥς retains its demonstrative force, as does ὁ in Homer; ὡς ἀληθῶς, ὡς ὁμοίως, and ὡς παντελῶς may be modelled on ὣς αὔτως, with which they are nearly synonymous; so also ὡς ἑτέρως and ὡς ἐναλλάξ, which are contrasted with it.
A.III.b with adverbs expressing anything extraordinary, θαυμαστῶς or θαυμασίως ὡς, ὑπερφυῶς ὡς, (see entry).; ὡς is sometimes separated by several words from its adverb, as θαυμαστῶς μοι εἶπες ὡς παρα᾽ δόξαν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 95a; ὑπερφυῶς δὴ τὸ χρῆμα ὡς δύσγνωστον φαίνεται [prev. author] Alcaeus2.147c, compare “Phd.” 99d.)]
A.III.c with the superlative, as much as can be, ὡς μάλιστα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.141, etc.: ὡς ῥᾷστα)] as easily as possible, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 104; ὡς πλεῖστα 3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 189)]; ὠς τάχιστα as quickly as possible, [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus “Supp.” 4.15, etc.; more fully expressed, ὡς δυνατὸν ἄριστα 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 12.153; ὡς ἐδύναντο ἀδηλότατα 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.50; μαχομένους ὡς ἂν δυνώμεθα κράτιστα 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 3.2.6; ὡς οἷόν τε βελτιστον 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 403d)]; ὡς ἀνυστὸν κάλλιστα Diog.[Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Apollonius Biographus 3: ὡς and ὅτι)] are sometimes found together, where one is superfluous, ὡς ὅτι μάλιστα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 908a; βοῦν ὡς ὅτι κάλλιστον “IG” 22.1028.17 (2nd-1st c.BC))]; see infr. G.
A.III.d with comparative, ὡς θᾶσσον [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 1.66.1, 3.82.1.)]
A.III.e in the phrases ὡς τὸ πολύ, ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολύ, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 330c, 377b)]; ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πλεῖον for the more part, commonly, ὡς ἐπὶ πλεῖστον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.34)]; ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πλῆθος, ὡς πλήθει, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 364a, 389d; ὡς τὸ ἐπίπαν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.50, etc.; ὡς τὰ πολλά 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “De Natura Animalium - Ar.Byzantine Epit.” 12.17.)]
A.III.2 with adjectives,
A.III.2.a Posit., ὑπερφυεῖ τινι.. ὡς μεγάλῃ βλάβῃ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 477d.)]
A.III.2.b with superlative, ὡς ἄριστοι τὰς φύσεις [Refs ([prev. author] “Ti.” 18d; ὅπως ὡς βέλτισται ἔσονται [prev. author] “Grg.” 503a; ὡς ὅτι βέλτιστον [prev. author] “Smp.” 218d.)]
A.III.2.c separated from the adjective by a preposition, ὡς ἐς ἐλάχιστον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.63, compare 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.246; ὡς ἐν βραχυτάτοις 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 1.18; ὡς ἐν ἐχυρωτάτῳ ποιεῖσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.6.26, etc.)]
A.III.2.Ac Relat. and Interrog., how, μερμήριζε.. ὡς Ἀχιλῆα τιμήσειε [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.3, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 365a; ἐβουλεύοντο ὡς.. στήσονται 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.84, etc.; οἷα δεῖ λέγειν καὶ ὥς 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1128a1)]; ὡς πέπραται how, i. e. at what price the goods have been sold, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“PCair.Zen.” 149 (3rd c.BC))]; so οὐκ ἔσθ᾽ ὡς.. (for the more usually ὅπως) nowise can it be that.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 750)]; οὐκ ἔσθ᾽ ὡς οὐ.., [Refs ([prev. author] “Ph.” 196 (_anapaest meter_, Porson for οὐκ ἔστιν ὅπως ου))]; οἶσθ᾽ ὡς πόησο; by a mixture of constructions for ὡς χρὴ ποιῆσαι or ὡς ποιήσεις, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “OT” 543, compare 5th c.BC: Hermippus Comicus 43, 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 916)]; οἶσθ᾽ ὡς μετεύξει is falsa lectio in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 600 (μέτευξαι Elmsley))]; similarly, οἶσθα.. ὡς νῦν μὴ σφαλῇς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 75.)]
A.III.2 ὡς ἂν ποήσῃς however (in whatever way) thou mayest act, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Aj.” 1369, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 181a; αὐτῷ ὥς κεν ἅδῃ, τὼς ἔσσεται 3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 3.350.)]
A.III.2.Ad Temporal, when, with past tenses of the indicative, ἐνῶρτο γέλως.., ὡς ἴδον [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.600)]: with optative, to express a repeated action, whenever, ὡς.. ἐς τὴν Μιλησίην ἀπίκοιτο [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.17)]: rarely with subjunctive, to denote what happens under certain conditions, τῶν δὲ ὡς ἕκαστός οἱ μειχθῇ, διδοῖ δῶρον [Refs ([prev. author] 4.172, compare 1.132)]; later, ὡς ἄν with subjunctive, when, [NT+3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Zenon Papyri du Caire 251 (3rd c.BC), NT.1Cor.11.34, etc.; ὥς κα “Berl.Sitzb.” 1927.170 (from Cyrene))]; ὡς ἂν τάχιστα λάβῃς τὴν ἐπιστολήν as soon as.. [LXX+3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Zenon Papyri du Caire 241.1 (3rd c.BC),cf. LXX.1Ki.9.13, LXX.Lev.3.8)]: in indirect speech with infinitive, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.86, 96, +others: expressed more forcibly by ὡς.. τάχιστα, some word or words being interposed, ὡς γὰρ ἐπετρόπευσε τάχιστα)] as soon as ever.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 1.65; ὡς δὲ ἀφίκετο τάχιστα 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.3.2: less frequently ὡς τάχιστα)] stand together, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 2.22)]: but this usage must be distinguished from signf. Ab.111.1c: followed by demonstrative, ὡς εἶδ᾽, ὣς ἀνεπᾶλτο [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 20.424; ὡς ἴδεν, ὥς μιν ἔρως πυκινὰς φρένας ἀμφεκάλυψεν 14.294; also ὡς.., ἔπειτα 3.396; Κρονίδης ὥς μιν φράσαθ᾽ ὣς ἐόλητο θυμὸν ἀνωΐστοισιν ὑποδμηθεὶς βελέεσσι Κύπριδος 2nd c.BC: Moschus Bucolicus 2.74)]; the second ὣς is repeated, ἁ δ᾽ Ἀταλάντα ὡς ἴδεν, ὣς ἐμάνη, ὣς ἐς βαθὺν ἅλατ᾽ ἔρωτα [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 3.41 (ὣς ={εὐθέως}, Scholia vet.), compare 2.82; in 2nd c.BC: Bion Bucolicus 1.40 the clauses with ὡς all belong to the protasis.)]
A.III.2 ὡς appears to be falsa lectio for{ἕως} in ὡς ἂν αὑτὸς ἥλιος.. αἴρῃ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1330, ὡς ἂν ᾖς οἷόσπερ εἶ [prev. author] “Aj.” 1117; compare ὥσπερ 111.1)]: but in later Gr. ={ἕως}, while, ὡς τὸ φῶς ἔχετε [NT (NT.John.12.35, 36; ὡς καιρὸν ἔχομεν NT.Gal.6.10, compare “epigram Gr.” 646a5 (p.529))]; also until, τίθεται ἐπὶ ἀνθράκων ὡς ἀναξηρανθῇ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“PLeid.X.” 89 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus)]; ἔα ἀφρίζειν τὴν πίσσαν ὡς οὗ ἐκλείπῃ [Refs ([prev. work]37B.)];compare [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“Etymologicum Magnum” 824.43 (conversely ἕως for ὡς final, see at {ἕως} (B) 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 1.4).)]
A.III.2.Ae Local, where, in dialects, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 1.13, 5.101, 103, “IG” 9(2).205.4 (Melitea, 3rd c.BC), “SIG” 685.63, +others (Cretan, 2nd c.BC), “IG” 12(1).736.5 (from Camirus), “GDI” 5597.8 (Ephesus, 3rd c.BC).)]
B ὡς as CONJUNCTION:
B.I with Substantive clauses, to express a fact, ={ὅτι}, that.
B.II with Final clauses, to express an end or purpose, ={ἵνα, ὅπως}, so that, in order that.
B.III Consecutive, ={ὥστε}, so that.
B.IV Causal, since, because.
B.I with Substantive Clauses, with verbs of learning, saying, etc., that, expressing a fact, γνωτὸν.., ὡς ἤδη Τρώεσσιν ὀλέθρου πείρατ᾽ ἐφῆπται [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.402, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.194, etc.: in commands, προεῖπεν ὡς μηδεὶς κινήσοιτο 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.1.22)]: with Verbs of fear or anxiety, with future indicative, μηκέτ᾽ ἐκφοβοῦ, μητρῷον ὥς σε λῆμ᾽ ἀτιμάσει ποτέ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 1427, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 6.2.30)]; μὴ φοβοῦ ὡς ἀπορήσεις [Refs 4th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 5.2.12, compare 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 10.36)]; a sentence beginning with ὡς is sometimes, when interrupted, resumed by ὅτι, and vice versa, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.3.30, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 470d, “Hp.Ma.” 281c)]; so ὡς with a finite Verb passes into the accusative and infinitive, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.70, 8.118: both constructions mixed in the same clause, ἐλογίζετο ὡς.. ἧττον ἂν αὐτοὺς ἐθέλειν.. 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.1.25, compare “HG” 3.4.27: after primary tenses (including historic _present_) ὡς)] is followed by indicative, after historic tenses by optative (sometimes by indicative, both constructions in ὑπίσχοντο.. ἀμυνέειν, φράζοντες ὡς οὔ σφι περιοπτέη ἐστὶ ἡ Ἑλλὰς ἀπολλυμένη.. ἀλλὰ τιμωρητέον εἴη [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.168))]: sometimes with optative after a primary tense, κατάπτονται.. λέγοντες ὡς Ἀρίστων.. οὐ φήσειε [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 6.69, compare 1.70, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.38, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Charmides” 156b.)]
B.I.2 with Verbs of feeling, χαίρει δέ μοι ἦτορ, ὥς μευ ἀεὶ μέμνησαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.648; ἄχος ἔλλαβ᾽ Ἀχαιοὺς ὡς ἔπεσ᾽ 16.600.)]
B.II with Final Clauses, that, in order that; in this sense ὡς and ὡς ἄν, Epic dialect ὥς κεν, are used with the subjunctive after primary tenses of the indicative, and with the optative after the past tenses, βουλὴν ὑποθησόμεθ᾽.., ὡς μὴ πάντες ὄλωνται [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.37; τύμβον χεύαμεν.., ὥς κεν τηλεφανὴς.. εἴη 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 24.83; ἡμεῖς δ᾽ ἴωμεν ὡς, ὁπηνίκ᾽ ἂν θεὸς πλοῦν ἡμὶν εἴκῃ, τηνικαυθ᾽ ὁρμώμεθα 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 464; [νέας] διηκοσίας περιέπεμπον.. ὡς ἂν μὴ ὀφθείησαν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.7. b. rarely with)]future indicative, ὡς μὴ ὦν αὐτοὶ τε ἀπολέεσθε (conjecture Cobet for ἀπόλεσθε) κἀμὲ τρώσετε, ἐς ἄλλον τινὰ δῆμον ἀποίχεσθε [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Hecataeus Milesius Historicus 30J.)]
B.II.2 ὡς is also used with past tenses of the indicative to express a purpose which has not been or cannot be fulfilled, τί μ᾽ οὐκ ἔκτεινας, ὡς ἔδειξα μήποτε..; so that I never should.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1392; ἔδει τὰ ἐνέχυρα λαβεῖν, ὡς μηδ᾽ εἰ ἐβούλετο ἐδύνατο ἐξαπατᾶν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 7.6.23; compare ἵνα 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 1.3, ὅπως 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 1.3.)]
B.II.3 ὡς with infinitive, to limit an assertion, ὡς μὲν ἐμοὶ δοκέειν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.95, compare 2.124; ὡς εἰπεῖν λόγῳ [prev. work] 53)]; or ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν,compare ἔπος [Refs (11.4)]; ὡς συντόμως, or ὡς συνελόντι εἰπεῖν to speak shortly, to be brief, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Oeconomicus” 12.19, “Mem.” 3.8.10)]; ὡς εἰκάσαι to make a guess, i.e. probably, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.34, etc.; ὡς μικρὸν μεγάλῳ εἰκάσαι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.36 (so without ὡς, οὐ πολλῷ λόγῳ εἰπεῖν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.61), see supr. Ab. 11.1, 2.)]
B.III to express Consequence, like{ὥστε}, so that, frequently in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus, εὖρος ὡς δύο τριήρεας πλέειν ὁμοῦ)] in breadth such that two triremes could sail abreast, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.24; ὑψηλὸν οὕτω.., ὡς τὰς κορυφὰς αὐτοῦ οὐκ οἷά τε εἶναι ἰδέσθαι 4.184)]; so in Trag. and Prose, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 437, +others, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 84, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 3.5.7, etc.; ἀπέχοντας ἀπ᾽ ἀλλάλων ὡς ἦμεν Ϝικατίπεδον ἄντομον “Tab.Heracl.” 1.75; οὕτως.. ὡς ὁμολογεῖν 4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Orationes” 5.164d; ὡς καὶ τοὺς τεχνίτας λανθάνειν “PHolm.” 9.13)]; also, like{ὥστε}, with Indic., οὕτω κλεινὴ ἐγένετο, ὡς.. ἐξέμαθον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.135, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 590, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 4.1.33.)]
B.III.2 ἢ ὡς after a comparative, μάσσον᾽ ἢ ὡς ἰδέμεν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 13.113; μαλακώτεροι.. ἢ ὡς κάλλιον αὐτοῖς 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 410d; compare ὥστε 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 1.2: with words implying comparison, ὀλίγοι ἐσμὲν ὡς ἐγκρατεῖς εἶναι αὐτῶν)] too few to.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 4.5.15, γραῦς εἶ, ὦ Ἐλπινίκη, ὡς τηλικαῦτα διαπράττεσθαι πράγματα)] too old to.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Stesimbrotus Historicus 5J.)]
B.III.3 ὡς is sometimes omitted where the antecedent demonstrative is expressed, οὕτω ἰσχυραί, μόγις ἂν διαρρήξειας so strong, you could hardly break them, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.12; ῥώμη σώματος τοιήδε, ἀεθλοφόροι τε ἀμφότεροι ἦσαν [prev. author] 1.31.)]
B.IV Causal, inasmuch as, since, τί ποτε λέγεις, ὦ τέκνο; ὡς οὐ μανθάνω [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 914, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 843, 1077, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 278: with _optative_, μὴ καὶ λάθῃ με προσπεσών· ὡς μᾶλλον ἂν ἕλοιτο μ᾽ ἢ τοὺς πάντας Ἀργείους λαβεῖν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 46.)]
B.IV.2 on the ground that.., with future indicative, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 30.27.)]
C ὡς before
C.I Participles;
C.II Prepositions; and
C.III ὡς itself as a Preposition.
C.IV with Participles in the case of the Subject, to mark the reason or motive of the action, as if, as, ὡς οὐκ ἀΐοντι ἐοικώς [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.430 (see. infr. G))]; ἀγανακτοῦσιν ὡς μεγάλων τινῶν ἀπεστερημένοι (i. e. ἡγούμενοι μεγάλων τινῶν ἀπεστερῆσθαι), [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 329a)]: most frequently with participle future, διαβαίνει.., ὡς ἀμήσων τὸν σῖτον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.28, compare 91; παρεσκευάζοντο ὡς πολεμήσοντες 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.7, etc.; δηλοῖς ὥς τι σημανῶν νέον 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 242; ὡς τεθνήξων ἴσθι νυνί 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 325 (troch.): in questions, παρὰ Πρωταγόραν νῦν ἐπιχειρεῖς ἰέναι, ὡς παρὰ τίνα ἀφιξόμενο; 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 311b; ὡς τί δὴ θέλω; 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Taurica” 557)]; with verbs of knowing, ἐπιστάσθω Κροῖσος ὡς ὕστερον.. ἁλοὺς τῆς πεπρωμένης [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.91)]; ὡς μὴ 'μπολήσων ἴσθι.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 1063.)]
C.IV.2 with Participles in oblique cases, λέγουσιν ἡμᾶς ὡς ὀλωλότας they speak of us as dead, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 672; ὡς μηδὲν εἰδότ᾽ ἴσθι μ᾽ ὧν ἀνιστορεῖς 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 253; τὸν ἐκβαίνοντα κολάζουσιν ὡς παρανομοῦντα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 338e; ἵνα μὴ ἀγανακτῇ ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ ὡς δεινὰ πάσχοντος [prev. author] “Phd.” 115e, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.85, 9.54; νῦν δέ σου τὰ ἔργα φανερὰ γεγένηται οὐχ ὡς ἀνιωμένου ἀλλ᾽ ὡς ἡδομένου τοῖς γιγνομένοις 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 12.32; κτύπος φωτὸς ὡς τειρομένου [του] 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 202 (Lyric poetry))]; ἐν ὀλιγωρίᾳ ἐποιοῦντο, ὡς, ὅταν ἐξέλθωσιν, ἢ οὐχ ὑπομενοῦντας σφᾶς ἢ ῥᾳδίως ληψόμενοι βίᾳ made light of the matter, in the belief that.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.5.)]—Both constructions in one sentence, τοὺς κόσμους εἴασε χαίρειν ὡς ἀλλοτρίους τε ὄντας καὶ πλέον θάτερον ἡγησάμενος ἀπεργάζεσθαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 114e, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.5.9.)]
C.IV.3 with Parts. put absolutely in genitive, νῦν δέ, ὡς οὕτω ἐχόντων, στρατιὴν ἐκπέμπετε [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.144)]; ἐρώτα ὅτι βούλει, ὡς τἀληθῆ ἐροῦντος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.1.9; ὡς ὧδ᾽ ἐχόντων τῶνδ᾽ ἐπίστασθαί σε χρή 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 281, compare 904, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 760, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 1311, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.15, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.3.6)]: so also in accusative, μισθὸν αἰτοῦσιν, ὡς οὐχὶ αὐτοῖσιν ὠφελίαν ἐσομένην ἐκ τοῦ ἄρχειν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 345e, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 1461)]: with both cases in one sentence, ὡς καὶ τῶν Ἀθηναίων προσδοκίμων ὄντων ἄλλῃ στρατιᾷ καὶ.. διαπεπολεμησόμενον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.25, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 604b.)]
C.II ὡς before Preps., ἀνήγοντο ὡς ἐπὶ ναυμαχίαν (variant{-ίᾳ}) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.48, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.1.22; φρύγανα συλλέγοντες ὡς ἐπὶ πῦρ [prev. author] “An.” 4.3.11)]; κατέλαβε τὴν ἀκρόπολιν ὡς ἐπὶ τυραννίδι, expressing the purpose, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.126; ἀπέπλεον.. ὡς ἐς τὰς Ἀθήνας [prev. author] 6.61; πλεῖς ὡς πρὸς οἶκον 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 58; τὸ βούλευμ᾽ ὡς ἐπ᾽ Ἀργείοις τόδ᾽ ἦν [prev. author] “Aj.” 44: in these passages ὡς)] marks an intention; not so in the following: ἀπαγγέλλετε τῇ μητρὶ [χαίρειν] ὡς παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.7.28; also ὡς ἀπὸ τῆς πομπῆς 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 327c; ὡς ἐκ κακῶν ἐχάρη 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.101.)]
C.II.b later, in geographical expressions, of direction, προϊών, ὡς ἐπὶ τὸν Πηνειόν [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Strabo Geographus 9.5.8, compare 13.1.22; ὡς πρὸς ἕω βλέπων [prev. author] 8.6.1, compare 7.6.2)]; ὡς εἰς Φηραίαν (to be read Ἡραίαν) ἰόντων [Refs ([prev. author] 8.3.32.)]
C.III ὡς as a preposition, properly in cases where the object is a person, not a place: once in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, ὡς αἰεὶ τὸν ὁμοῖον ἄγει θεὸς ὡς τὸν ὁμοῖον 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 17.218)] (variant{ἐς τὸν ὁμοῖον},compare αἶνος Ὁμηρικός, αἰὲν ὁμοῖον ὡς θεός.. ἐς τὸν ὁμοῖον ἄγει [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Aetia” 1.1.10)]; ἔρχεται.. ἕκαστον τὸ ὅμοιον ὡς τὸ ὅ., τὸ πυκνὸν ὡς τὸ πυκνόν κτλ. (with variant{ἐς}) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ φύσιος παιδίου” 17), but possibly ὡς.. ὥς)] as.. so, in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” [same place]; also in 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus, ἐσελθεῖν ὡς τὴν θυγατέρα 2.121)].έ: frequently in Attic dialect, ὡς Ἆγιν ἐπρεσβεύσαντο [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.5, etc.; ἀφίκετο ὡς Περδίκκαν καὶ ἐς τὴν Χαλκιδικήν [prev. author] 4.79; ἀπέπλευσαν ἐς Φώκαιαν.. ὡς Ἀστύοχον [prev. author] 8.31)]; ναῦς ἐς τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον ὡς Φαρνάβαζον ἀποπέμπειν [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 39; ὡς ἐκεῖνον πλέομεν ὥσπερ πρὸς δεσπότην 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 4.121)]; the examples of ὡς with names of places are corrupt, e.g. ὡς τὴν Μίλητον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.36 (ἐς codex Vat.))]; ὡς Ἄβυδον one Ms. in [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 8.103; ὡς τὸ πρόσθεν 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 242: in 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1481 ὡς τὰς ἀδελφὰς.. τὰς ἐμὰς χέρας)] is equivalent to ὡς ἐμὲ τὸν ἀδελφό; in [Refs ([prev. author] “Tr.” 366 δόμους ὡς τούσδε house = household.)]
D ὡς in independent sentences:
D.I as an exclamation, how, mostly with adverbs and adjectives, ὡς ἄνοον κραδίην ἔχες how silly a heart hadst thou! [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.441)]; ὡς ἀγαθὸν καὶ παῖδα λιπέσθαι how good is it.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.196, compare 24.194; φρονεῖν ὡς δεινόν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 316)]; ὡς ἀστεῖος ὁ ἄνθρωπος how charming he is! [LXX+5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 116d; ὡς ἐμεγαλύνθη τὰ ἔργα σου, Κύριε LXX.Psa.91(92).6, 103(104).24)]; in indirect clauses, ἐθαύμασα τοῦτο, ὡς ἡδέως.. ἀπεδέξατο marvelled at seeing how.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 89a.)]
D.I.2 with Verbs, ὥς μοι δέχεται κακὸν ἐκ κακοῦ αἰεί how constantly.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.290, compare 21.273)]; ὡς οὐκ ἔστι χάρις μετόπισθ᾽ εὐεργέων how little thanks remain! [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 22.319)]; ὡς ὄχλος νιν.. ἀμφέπει see how.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 148)]; ὡς ὑπερδέδοικά σου how greatly.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 82; so perhaps ὡς οἰμώξεται 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 279; ὡς ἅπανθ᾽ ὑμῖν τυραννίς ἐστι [prev. author] “V.” 488 (troch.).)]
D.II to mark a wish, oh that! with optative alone, ὡς ἔρις.. ἀπόλοιτο [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.107; ὡς ἀπόλοιτο καὶ ἄλλος 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.47, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 126 (Lyric poetry))]; also ὡς ἄν or κε with optative, ὡς ἂν ἔπειτ᾽ ἀπὸ σεῖο οὐκ ἐθέλοιμι λείπεσθαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.444; ὥς κέ οἱ αὖθι γαῖα χάνοι 6.281.)]
D.II.2 joined with other words of wishing, ὡς ὤφελες αὐτόθ᾽ ὀλέσθαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (3.428; ὡς δὴ μὴ ὄφελον νικᾶν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.548.)]
E ὡς with numerals marks that they are to be taken only as a round number, as it were, about, nearly, σὺν ἀνθρώποις ὡς εἴκοσι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 3.3.5)]; also ὡς πέντε μάλιστά κῃ about five (see. μάλα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (111.5), 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.30)]:—also with words compounded with numerals, δέπας.. ὡς τριλάγυνον [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Stesichorus Lyricus 7)]; παῖς ὡς ἑπτέτης of some seven years, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 471c; δρέπανα ὡς διπήχη 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 6.1.30, compare “An.” 5.4.12; compare ὡσεί 111.)]
F ὡς in some elliptical (or apparently elliptical) phrases:
F.1 ὡς τί δὴ τόδε (i.e. γένηται); to what end? [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 796 (troch.); compare ἵνα 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 11.3c.)]
F.2 know that (i.e. ἴσθι), ὡς ἔστιν ἀνδρὸς τοῦδε τἄργα ταῦτά σοι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 39; ὡς τοῦτό γ᾽ ἔρξας δύο φέρει δωρήματα [prev. author] “Ph.” 117; ὡς τῆσδ᾽ ἑκοῦσα παιδὸς οὐ μεθήσομαι 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 400, compare “Med.” 609, “Ph.” 720; ὡς τάχ᾽ οὐκέθ᾽ αἱματηρὸν.. ἀργήσει ξίφος [prev. work] 625 (troch.))]; so in Comedy texts, ὡς ἔστ᾽ ἐν ἡμῖν τῆς πόλεως τὰ πράγματα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Lysistrata” 32, compare 499 (_anapaest meter_), “Ach.” 333 (troch.), “Nu.” 209; also ἀλλ᾽ ὡς ἀπὸ τοῦ τείχους πάρεστιν ἄγγελος οὐδείς [prev. author] “Av.” 1119.)]
F.3 ὡς ἕκαστος, ἕκαστοι, each severally (whether in respect of time, place, or other difference), ξυνελέγοντο.. Κορίνθιοι δισχίιοι ὁπλῖται, οἱ δ᾽ ἄλλοι ὡς ἕκαστοι, Φλειάσιοι δὲ πανστρατιᾷ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.57, compare 1.107, 113)]; πρώτη τε αὕτη πόλις ξυμμαχὶς παρὰ τὸ καθεστηκὸς ἐδουλώθη, ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ὡς ἑκάστη [ξυνέβη] (ξ. secl. Krüger: ἀπὸ κοινοῦ ἐδουλώθη [Refs (Scholia [same place]) [prev. author] 1.98; ἄλλοι τε παριόντες ἐγκλήματα ἐποιοῦντο ὡς ἕκαστοι [prev. work] 67, compare 7.65)]; χρησμολόγοι τε ᾖδον χρησμοὺς παντοίους, ὧν ἀκροᾶσθαι ὡς ἕκαστος ὥρμητο, i. e. different persons ran to listen to different prophecies, [Refs ([prev. author] 2.21)]; τὰς ἄλλας ὡς ἑκάστην ποι ἐκπεπτωκυῖαν ἀναδησάμενοι ἐκόμιζον ἐς τὴν πόλιν they made fast to the rest wherever each (ship) had been run ashore, [Refs ([prev. author] 7.74)]; οἱ δ᾽ οὖν ὡς ἕκαστοι Ἕλληνες κατὰ πόλεις τε ὅσοι ἀλλήλων ξυνίεσαν καὶ ξύμπαντες ὕστερον κληθέντες οὐδὲν πρὸ τῶν Τρωικῶν.. ἁθρόοι ἔπραξαν the various peoples that were later called by the common name of Greeks, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 1.3; ὡς ἑκάστῳ ἔργον προστάσσων 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.114)]; ὡς ἑκάστην (one by one) αἱρέοντες (i.e. τὰς νήσους) οἱ βάρβαροι ἐσαγήνευον τοὺς ἀνθρώπους [Refs 2nd c.AD+ ([prev. author] 6.31, compare 79; ὡς ἑκασταχόσε 2nd-3rd c.AD: Dio Cassius Historicus 41.9, +others)]; rarely with a Verb, ὡς ἕκαστος ἀπικνέοιτο [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.29, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.2: later ὡς)] follows ἕκαστος, ἑκάστῳ ὡς ὁ Θεὸς ἐμέρισεν μέτρον πίστεως [NT (NT.Rom.12.3)]:—for the etymology see infr. H; also ὡς ἑκάτεροι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.74 (see. infr. H).)]
G ὡς pleonastic in ὡς ὅτι [NT+8th c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis 9.14, NT.2Cor.11.21, Scholia A 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.264, 129, 396, 3.280, “Anthologia Graeca” 9.530, uncertain reading in 1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Strabo Geographus 15.1.57.)]
H Etymology: this word is in origin five distinct words: [Refs ((1) ὡς ')]as' is the adverb from the Relat. ὅς (I.-[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus)] stem yo-); with ὡς βέλτιστος cf. Sanskrit yācchrē[snull][tnull]á[hudot] 'the best possible': (2) ὧς 'thus' is the adverb of a Demonstr. stem so- found in Sanskrit sa, Gr. ὁ, Latin sō-c ([Refs (“Corpus Glossariorum Latinorum”)]; = ita, cf. Umbr. esoc); (3) ὡς postpositive (ὄρνιθες ὥς, etc.) constantly makes a preceding short closed syllable long in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)], and must therefore have been ϝω; it may perhaps be related to Sanskrit vā, a form of va, iva (= [Refs ((1) or (2))]like), Latin ve, Gr. ἦ[ϝ] ; [Refs ((4) ὡς preposition ')]to' is of doubtful origin (perhaps from *ὠς, cognate with Latin ōs 'face', Sanskrit ās: ὤς τινα ἐλθεῖν like{τί δέ δε φρένας ἵκετο πένθος};); (5) ὡς F. 3 is probably ϝως, adverb of ϝός the reflexive adjective, and means literal in his (their) own way (or place); it is idiomatically placed before ἕκαστος (ἑκάτερος),compare ϝὸν ϝεκάτερος [Refs (“Leg.Gort.” 1.18.)]
Summary:
A as adverb of Manner.
A.Aa ὧς and ὥς (with accent), so, thus.
A.Ab ὡς (without accent) of the Relat. pronoun ὅς, as.
A.Ac ὡς Relat. and Interrog., how.
A.Ad ὡς temporal, when.
A.Ae ὡς Local, where,
B ὡς, as CONJUNCTION.
C,D various usages. adverb of Manner:
A.Aa ὥς, Demonstr., ={οὕτως}, so, thus, frequently in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.33, +others; ὢς εἶπ᾽ 7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica “Papyrus fragments” in E. Diehl, 20 a. 11 (Epic style))]; in Ionic dialect Prose, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.13, +others; rare in _Attic dialect_, and almost confined to certain phrases, see below 2, 3)]; ὥς simply ={οὕτως}, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 930, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.37, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 338a; ἀλλ᾽ ὣς γενέσθω 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 888, +others)]
A.2 καὶ ὧς even so, nevertheless, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.116, +others)]; οὐδ᾽ ὧς not even so, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (7.263, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.6, +others, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.76; οὐδέ κεν ὧς 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.386: the phrases καὶ ὧς, οὐδ᾽ ὧς, μηδ᾽ ὧς,)] are used in Trag. and Attic dialect, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 1042, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.74, 7.74; also later, “PCair.Zen.” 19.10 (3rd c.BC, unaccented), “UPZ” 146.40 (2nd c.BC), “GDI” 1832.11 (Delph., 2nd c.BC), “IG” 22.850.17 (3rd c.BC))]; κἂν ὧς, εἴπερ μέλει σοι, ἀπόστειλόν μοί τινα [Refs 4th c.AD+ (“POxy.” 120.11 (4th c.AD))]; δουλεύων καθὼς καὶ ὧς [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (“GDI” 2160 (Delph., 2nd c.BC))]; Thess. καὶ οὗς [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“IG” 9(2).234.1 (3rd c.BC))]; for this phrase the accentuation ὧς[Refs 2nd c.AD+ (is prescribed by Hdn.Gr.2.932, +others,compare 2nd c.AD: Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus “de Syntaxi”; 307.16, and is found in good Mss. of Homer; for the remaining uses under this head (Aa. 1, 3, 4) the accentuation ὥς is prescribed by the same grammarians.)]
A.3 in Comparisons, ὥς.., ὡς.., so.. as.., etc.; and reversely ὡς.., ὣς.., as.. so, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.512, 14.265, etc.)]; in Attic dialect, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 530d)]; also ὥς τε.. ὣς.., as.. thus.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“hymnus ad Cererem” 174 - 6, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Bacchae” 1066 - 8; οἷα.. ὥς [prev. author] “El.” 151 - 5)]; ὥσπερ.., ὣς δὲ.. (in apodosi) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 326d.)]
A.4 thus, for instance, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.129, “hymnus ad Venerem” 218)]; ὥς should be accented in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.121, 125.)]
A.4.Ab ὡς, Relat., as, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, etc.)]; properly relative to a demonstrative adverb, which is frequently omitted, κινήθη δ᾽ ἀγορὴ ὡς κύματα μακρὰ θαλάσσης, i. e. οὕτως, ὡς.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.144 (φὴ 4th-3rd c.BC: Zenodotus Grammaticus): it is _relative_ not only to the regular _demonstrative_ Advs. ὥς (ὧς), τώς, ὧδε, οὕτως, αὕτως, but also to ταύτῃ, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 365d, etc. We find a collateral _Doric dialect_ form ὥ (which see))]; compare ὥτε. Usage:
A.I in similes, frequently in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.161, +others)]; longer similes are commonly introduced by ὡς ὅτε, ὡς δ᾽ ὅτε, ἤριπε δ᾽, ὡς ὅτε πύργος [ἤριπε] [Refs (4.462: ἤριπε δ᾽, ὡς ὅτε τις δρῦς ἤριπε 13.389, compare 2.394)]; so later, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 84.1, etc.; ὡς ὅτε θαητὸν μέγαρον, πάξομεν 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 6.2: ὡς ὅτε)] is rare in short similes, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.368: ὡς)] is followed by indicative present, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.4, 16.364: also by)]aorist, [Refs (3.33f, 4.275, 16.823, +others)]; also by subjunctive present or aorist, [Refs (5.161, 10.183, 485, 13.334)] (sometimes ὡς δ᾽ ὅτ᾽ ἄν, [Refs (11.269, 17.520))]; compare ὥστε A:—the Verb is sometimes omitted with ὡς, but may be supplied from the context, ἐνδούπησε πεσοῦσ᾽, ὡς εἰναλίη κήξ (i.e. πίπτει) [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 15.479, compare 6.20; θεὸς δ᾽ ὣς τίετο δήμῳ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.78; οἱ δὲ φέβοντο.., βόες ὣς ἀγελαῖαι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 22.299: where ὡς)] follows the noun to which it refers, it takes the accent; so in Comedy texts, Ἀριστόδημος ὥς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Cratinus Comicus 151, compare 4th c.BC: Eubulus Comicus 75.6)]; see infr. H.
A.I.2 like as, just as, ὡς οὗτος κατὰ τέκν᾽ ἔφαγε.., ὣς ἡμεῖς κτλ. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.326, see supr. Aa. 3.)]
A.I.3 sometimes in the sense as much as or according as, ἑλὼν κρέας ὥς (i. e. ὅσον) οἱ χεῖρες ἐχάνδανον [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 17.344)]; ὦκα δὲ μητρὶ ἔννεπον ὡς (i. e. ὅσα) εἶδόν τε καὶ ἔκλυον [Refs 8th c.BC+ (“hymnus ad Cererem” 172; τῶν πάντων οὐ τόσσον ὀδύρομαι.. ὡς ἑνός 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.105; τόσον.. ὡς 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.130)]; so in Trag., σοὶ θεοὶ πόροιεν ὡς ἐγὼ θέλω [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1124; ὡς ἐγὼ οὐκ ἔστιν ὑμῶν ὅστις ἐξ ἴσου νοσεῖ [prev. author] “OT” 60)]; in Prose, ὡς δύναται as much as he can, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 278; τὸ ῥῆμα μέμνημαι ὡς εἶπε 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 3.72)]; ὡς μή ={ὅσον μή, νέμεν ὅτι ἃν} (={ἂν}) βόλητοι ὡς μὴ ἰν τοῖ περιχώροι [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“IG” 5(2).3.9 (Tegea, 4th c.BC))]; cf. Ab. 11.2 below
A.I.4 sometimes after comparative, compared with, hence than, μᾶλλον πρέπει οὕτως ὡς.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 36d; ἅ γε μείζω πόνον παρέχει.. οὐκ ἂν ῥᾳδίως οὐδὲ πολλὰ ἂν εὕροις ὡς τοῦτο [prev. author] “R.” 526c)]; οὐδενὸς μᾶλλον φροντίζειν ὡς.. [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 3.12.5, compare 7.4.5, 11.2.9, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Coriolanus” 36: μᾶσσον ὡς)] is uncertain in [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 629)], and [ἢ] should perhaps be inserted in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 7.12,31)]; compare ὥσπερ IV.
A.II with Adverbial clauses:
A.II.1 parenthetically, in qualifying clauses, ὡς ἔοικε, etc., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 176c, etc.)]: in these cases γε or γοῦν is frequently added, ὡς γοῦν ὁ λόγος σημαίνει as at any rate the argument shows, [Refs ([prev. author] “R.” 334a)]; in some phrases with infinitive, see below [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 11.3. An anacoluthon sometimes occurs by the Verb of the principal clause being made dependent on the parenthetic Verb, ὡς δὲ Σκύθαι λέγουσι, νεώτατον ἁπάντων ἐθνέων εἶναι (for ἦν))] τὸ σφέτερον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.5, compare 1.65; ὡς ἐγὼ ἤκουσα, εἶναι αὐτόν [prev. author] 4.76)]; ὡς γὰρ.. ἤκουσά τινος, ὅτι.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 6.4.18 codices)]; ἁνὴρ ὅδ᾽ ὡς ἔοικεν οὐ νεμεῖν (for οὐ νεμεῖ, ὡς ἔοικε), [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 1238.)]
A.II.2 in elliptical phrases, so far as.. (compare supr. Ab.[Refs 5th c.BC+ (1.3) ὡς ἐμοί [prev. author] “Aj.” 395 (Lyric poetry); so ὥς γε ἐμοὶ κριτῇ 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “Varia Historia” 2.41 and ὥς γ᾽ ἐμοὶ χρῆσθαι κριτῇ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 801; ὡς ἐμῇ δόξῃ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Vectigalibus” 5.2)]; ὡς ἀπ᾽ ὀμμάτων (i.e. εἰκάσαι) to judge by eyesight, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 15)]: especially in such phrases as οὐκέτι πολλὸν χωρίον, ὡς εἶναι Αἰγύπτου [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.8)]; οὐδὲ ἀδύνατος, ὡς Αακεδαιμόνιος for a Lacedaemonian, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.84, compare 1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis 10.31; ὡς ἀνθρώποις 5th c.BC: Alcmaeon Philosophus 1)]; φρονεῖ.. ὡς γυνὴ μέγα for a woman, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1078)]; πιστός, ὡς νομεύς, ἀνήρ [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 1118; μακρὰν ὡς γέροντι.. ὁδόν [prev. author] “OC” 20, compare 385, “Ant.” 62, etc.; ὡπλισμένοι ὡς ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσιν ἱκανῶς 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 4.3.31; also with ἄν, μεγάλα ἐκτήσατο χρήματα, ὡς ἂν εἶναι Ῥοδῶπιν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.135 codices (ἂν secl. Krüger, Ῥοδώπιος conjecture Valck.))]:—for ὡς εἰπεῖν and the like, see below [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 11.3.)]
A.II.3 ὡς attached to the object of the Verb, as, ἑωυτὸν ὡς ἐχθρὸν λυπέει [Refs 5th c.BC+ (3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 88; ἔλαβεν ἀμφοτέρους ὡς φίλους ἤδη 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.2.25; ἐν οἰκήματι ᾧ ὡς ταμιείῳ ἐχρῆτο 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 315d)].— For the similar usage of ὡς with Participles and Prepositions, see below with
A.III with Adverbs:
A.III.a with the Posit., ὡς ἀληθῶς truly, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 234e (compare ἀληθής 111.1b: as if _adverb_ of τὸ ἀληθές))]; ὡς ἑτέρως in the other way, [Refs 4th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 276c, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.212)] (adverb of ὁ ἕτερο; see at {ἕτερος} see 2) (see. below [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 1.1))]; ὡς ἠπίως, ὡς ἐτητύμως, [LXX+5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 1438 (Lyric poetry), 1452; ὡς ὁμοίως “SIG” 708.34 (Istropolis, 2nd c.BC), LXX.4Mac.5.21, 1 “Enoch” 5.3, “IG” 7.2725.16 (Acraeph., 2nd c.AD))]; ὡς ἐναλλάξ [Refs 4th c.BC+ (2nd c.AD: Vettius Valens Astrologus 215.9, 340.2; ὡς παντελῶς [prev. author] 184.26; ὡς ἄλλως 4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 7.27, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 6.32; ὡς ἐνδεχομένως “PPetr.” 2p.53 (3rd c.BC))]; in ὣς αὔτως (see. ὡσαύτως) we have the adverb of ὁ αὐτός, but the ὥς retains its demonstrative force, as does ὁ in Homer; ὡς ἀληθῶς, ὡς ὁμοίως, and ὡς παντελῶς may be modelled on ὣς αὔτως, with which they are nearly synonymous; so also ὡς ἑτέρως and ὡς ἐναλλάξ, which are contrasted with it.
A.III.b with adverbs expressing anything extraordinary, θαυμαστῶς or θαυμασίως ὡς, ὑπερφυῶς ὡς, (see entry).; ὡς is sometimes separated by several words from its adverb, as θαυμαστῶς μοι εἶπες ὡς παρα᾽ δόξαν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 95a; ὑπερφυῶς δὴ τὸ χρῆμα ὡς δύσγνωστον φαίνεται [prev. author] Alcaeus2.147c, compare “Phd.” 99d.)]
A.III.c with the superlative, as much as can be, ὡς μάλιστα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.141, etc.: ὡς ῥᾷστα)] as easily as possible, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 104; ὡς πλεῖστα 3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 189)]; ὠς τάχιστα as quickly as possible, [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus “Supp.” 4.15, etc.; more fully expressed, ὡς δυνατὸν ἄριστα 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 12.153; ὡς ἐδύναντο ἀδηλότατα 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.50; μαχομένους ὡς ἂν δυνώμεθα κράτιστα 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 3.2.6; ὡς οἷόν τε βελτιστον 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 403d)]; ὡς ἀνυστὸν κάλλιστα Diog.[Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Apollonius Biographus 3: ὡς and ὅτι)] are sometimes found together, where one is superfluous, ὡς ὅτι μάλιστα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 908a; βοῦν ὡς ὅτι κάλλιστον “IG” 22.1028.17 (2nd-1st c.BC))]; see infr. G.
A.III.d with comparative, ὡς θᾶσσον [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 1.66.1, 3.82.1.)]
A.III.e in the phrases ὡς τὸ πολύ, ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολύ, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 330c, 377b)]; ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πλεῖον for the more part, commonly, ὡς ἐπὶ πλεῖστον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.34)]; ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πλῆθος, ὡς πλήθει, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 364a, 389d; ὡς τὸ ἐπίπαν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.50, etc.; ὡς τὰ πολλά 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “De Natura Animalium - Ar.Byzantine Epit.” 12.17.)]
A.III.2 with adjectives,
A.III.2.a Posit., ὑπερφυεῖ τινι.. ὡς μεγάλῃ βλάβῃ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 477d.)]
A.III.2.b with superlative, ὡς ἄριστοι τὰς φύσεις [Refs ([prev. author] “Ti.” 18d; ὅπως ὡς βέλτισται ἔσονται [prev. author] “Grg.” 503a; ὡς ὅτι βέλτιστον [prev. author] “Smp.” 218d.)]
A.III.2.c separated from the adjective by a preposition, ὡς ἐς ἐλάχιστον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.63, compare 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.246; ὡς ἐν βραχυτάτοις 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 1.18; ὡς ἐν ἐχυρωτάτῳ ποιεῖσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.6.26, etc.)]
A.III.2.Ac Relat. and Interrog., how, μερμήριζε.. ὡς Ἀχιλῆα τιμήσειε [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.3, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 365a; ἐβουλεύοντο ὡς.. στήσονται 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.84, etc.; οἷα δεῖ λέγειν καὶ ὥς 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1128a1)]; ὡς πέπραται how, i. e. at what price the goods have been sold, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“PCair.Zen.” 149 (3rd c.BC))]; so οὐκ ἔσθ᾽ ὡς.. (for the more usually ὅπως) nowise can it be that.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 750)]; οὐκ ἔσθ᾽ ὡς οὐ.., [Refs ([prev. author] “Ph.” 196 (_anapaest meter_, Porson for οὐκ ἔστιν ὅπως ου))]; οἶσθ᾽ ὡς πόησο; by a mixture of constructions for ὡς χρὴ ποιῆσαι or ὡς ποιήσεις, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “OT” 543, compare 5th c.BC: Hermippus Comicus 43, 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 916)]; οἶσθ᾽ ὡς μετεύξει is falsa lectio in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 600 (μέτευξαι Elmsley))]; similarly, οἶσθα.. ὡς νῦν μὴ σφαλῇς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 75.)]
A.III.2 ὡς ἂν ποήσῃς however (in whatever way) thou mayest act, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Aj.” 1369, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 181a; αὐτῷ ὥς κεν ἅδῃ, τὼς ἔσσεται 3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 3.350.)]
A.III.2.Ad Temporal, when, with past tenses of the indicative, ἐνῶρτο γέλως.., ὡς ἴδον [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.600)]: with optative, to express a repeated action, whenever, ὡς.. ἐς τὴν Μιλησίην ἀπίκοιτο [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.17)]: rarely with subjunctive, to denote what happens under certain conditions, τῶν δὲ ὡς ἕκαστός οἱ μειχθῇ, διδοῖ δῶρον [Refs ([prev. author] 4.172, compare 1.132)]; later, ὡς ἄν with subjunctive, when, [NT+3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Zenon Papyri du Caire 251 (3rd c.BC), NT.1Cor.11.34, etc.; ὥς κα “Berl.Sitzb.” 1927.170 (from Cyrene))]; ὡς ἂν τάχιστα λάβῃς τὴν ἐπιστολήν as soon as.. [LXX+3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Zenon Papyri du Caire 241.1 (3rd c.BC),cf. LXX.1Ki.9.13, LXX.Lev.3.8)]: in indirect speech with infinitive, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.86, 96, +others: expressed more forcibly by ὡς.. τάχιστα, some word or words being interposed, ὡς γὰρ ἐπετρόπευσε τάχιστα)] as soon as ever.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 1.65; ὡς δὲ ἀφίκετο τάχιστα 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.3.2: less frequently ὡς τάχιστα)] stand together, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 2.22)]: but this usage must be distinguished from signf. Ab.111.1c: followed by demonstrative, ὡς εἶδ᾽, ὣς ἀνεπᾶλτο [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 20.424; ὡς ἴδεν, ὥς μιν ἔρως πυκινὰς φρένας ἀμφεκάλυψεν 14.294; also ὡς.., ἔπειτα 3.396; Κρονίδης ὥς μιν φράσαθ᾽ ὣς ἐόλητο θυμὸν ἀνωΐστοισιν ὑποδμηθεὶς βελέεσσι Κύπριδος 2nd c.BC: Moschus Bucolicus 2.74)]; the second ὣς is repeated, ἁ δ᾽ Ἀταλάντα ὡς ἴδεν, ὣς ἐμάνη, ὣς ἐς βαθὺν ἅλατ᾽ ἔρωτα [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 3.41 (ὣς ={εὐθέως}, Scholia vet.), compare 2.82; in 2nd c.BC: Bion Bucolicus 1.40 the clauses with ὡς all belong to the protasis.)]
A.III.2 ὡς appears to be falsa lectio for{ἕως} in ὡς ἂν αὑτὸς ἥλιος.. αἴρῃ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1330, ὡς ἂν ᾖς οἷόσπερ εἶ [prev. author] “Aj.” 1117; compare ὥσπερ 111.1)]: but in later Gr. ={ἕως}, while, ὡς τὸ φῶς ἔχετε [NT (NT.John.12.35, 36; ὡς καιρὸν ἔχομεν NT.Gal.6.10, compare “epigram Gr.” 646a5 (p.529))]; also until, τίθεται ἐπὶ ἀνθράκων ὡς ἀναξηρανθῇ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“PLeid.X.” 89 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus)]; ἔα ἀφρίζειν τὴν πίσσαν ὡς οὗ ἐκλείπῃ [Refs ([prev. work]37B.)];compare [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“Etymologicum Magnum” 824.43 (conversely ἕως for ὡς final, see at {ἕως} (B) 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 1.4).)]
A.III.2.Ae Local, where, in dialects, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 1.13, 5.101, 103, “IG” 9(2).205.4 (Melitea, 3rd c.BC), “SIG” 685.63, +others (Cretan, 2nd c.BC), “IG” 12(1).736.5 (from Camirus), “GDI” 5597.8 (Ephesus, 3rd c.BC).)]
B ὡς as CONJUNCTION:
B.I with Substantive clauses, to express a fact, ={ὅτι}, that.
B.II with Final clauses, to express an end or purpose, ={ἵνα, ὅπως}, so that, in order that.
B.III Consecutive, ={ὥστε}, so that.
B.IV Causal, since, because.
B.I with Substantive Clauses, with verbs of learning, saying, etc., that, expressing a fact, γνωτὸν.., ὡς ἤδη Τρώεσσιν ὀλέθρου πείρατ᾽ ἐφῆπται [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.402, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.194, etc.: in commands, προεῖπεν ὡς μηδεὶς κινήσοιτο 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.1.22)]: with Verbs of fear or anxiety, with future indicative, μηκέτ᾽ ἐκφοβοῦ, μητρῷον ὥς σε λῆμ᾽ ἀτιμάσει ποτέ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 1427, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 6.2.30)]; μὴ φοβοῦ ὡς ἀπορήσεις [Refs 4th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 5.2.12, compare 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 10.36)]; a sentence beginning with ὡς is sometimes, when interrupted, resumed by ὅτι, and vice versa, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.3.30, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 470d, “Hp.Ma.” 281c)]; so ὡς with a finite Verb passes into the accusative and infinitive, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.70, 8.118: both constructions mixed in the same clause, ἐλογίζετο ὡς.. ἧττον ἂν αὐτοὺς ἐθέλειν.. 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.1.25, compare “HG” 3.4.27: after primary tenses (including historic _present_) ὡς)] is followed by indicative, after historic tenses by optative (sometimes by indicative, both constructions in ὑπίσχοντο.. ἀμυνέειν, φράζοντες ὡς οὔ σφι περιοπτέη ἐστὶ ἡ Ἑλλὰς ἀπολλυμένη.. ἀλλὰ τιμωρητέον εἴη [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.168))]: sometimes with optative after a primary tense, κατάπτονται.. λέγοντες ὡς Ἀρίστων.. οὐ φήσειε [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 6.69, compare 1.70, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.38, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Charmides” 156b.)]
B.I.2 with Verbs of feeling, χαίρει δέ μοι ἦτορ, ὥς μευ ἀεὶ μέμνησαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.648; ἄχος ἔλλαβ᾽ Ἀχαιοὺς ὡς ἔπεσ᾽ 16.600.)]
B.II with Final Clauses, that, in order that; in this sense ὡς and ὡς ἄν, Epic dialect ὥς κεν, are used with the subjunctive after primary tenses of the indicative, and with the optative after the past tenses, βουλὴν ὑποθησόμεθ᾽.., ὡς μὴ πάντες ὄλωνται [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.37; τύμβον χεύαμεν.., ὥς κεν τηλεφανὴς.. εἴη 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 24.83; ἡμεῖς δ᾽ ἴωμεν ὡς, ὁπηνίκ᾽ ἂν θεὸς πλοῦν ἡμὶν εἴκῃ, τηνικαυθ᾽ ὁρμώμεθα 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 464; [νέας] διηκοσίας περιέπεμπον.. ὡς ἂν μὴ ὀφθείησαν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.7. b. rarely with)]future indicative, ὡς μὴ ὦν αὐτοὶ τε ἀπολέεσθε (conjecture Cobet for ἀπόλεσθε) κἀμὲ τρώσετε, ἐς ἄλλον τινὰ δῆμον ἀποίχεσθε [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Hecataeus Milesius Historicus 30J.)]
B.II.2 ὡς is also used with past tenses of the indicative to express a purpose which has not been or cannot be fulfilled, τί μ᾽ οὐκ ἔκτεινας, ὡς ἔδειξα μήποτε..; so that I never should.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1392; ἔδει τὰ ἐνέχυρα λαβεῖν, ὡς μηδ᾽ εἰ ἐβούλετο ἐδύνατο ἐξαπατᾶν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 7.6.23; compare ἵνα 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 1.3, ὅπως 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 1.3.)]
B.II.3 ὡς with infinitive, to limit an assertion, ὡς μὲν ἐμοὶ δοκέειν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.95, compare 2.124; ὡς εἰπεῖν λόγῳ [prev. work] 53)]; or ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν,compare ἔπος [Refs (11.4)]; ὡς συντόμως, or ὡς συνελόντι εἰπεῖν to speak shortly, to be brief, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Oeconomicus” 12.19, “Mem.” 3.8.10)]; ὡς εἰκάσαι to make a guess, i.e. probably, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.34, etc.; ὡς μικρὸν μεγάλῳ εἰκάσαι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.36 (so without ὡς, οὐ πολλῷ λόγῳ εἰπεῖν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.61), see supr. Ab. 11.1, 2.)]
B.III to express Consequence, like{ὥστε}, so that, frequently in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus, εὖρος ὡς δύο τριήρεας πλέειν ὁμοῦ)] in breadth such that two triremes could sail abreast, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.24; ὑψηλὸν οὕτω.., ὡς τὰς κορυφὰς αὐτοῦ οὐκ οἷά τε εἶναι ἰδέσθαι 4.184)]; so in Trag. and Prose, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 437, +others, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 84, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 3.5.7, etc.; ἀπέχοντας ἀπ᾽ ἀλλάλων ὡς ἦμεν Ϝικατίπεδον ἄντομον “Tab.Heracl.” 1.75; οὕτως.. ὡς ὁμολογεῖν 4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Orationes” 5.164d; ὡς καὶ τοὺς τεχνίτας λανθάνειν “PHolm.” 9.13)]; also, like{ὥστε}, with Indic., οὕτω κλεινὴ ἐγένετο, ὡς.. ἐξέμαθον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.135, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 590, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 4.1.33.)]
B.III.2 ἢ ὡς after a comparative, μάσσον᾽ ἢ ὡς ἰδέμεν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 13.113; μαλακώτεροι.. ἢ ὡς κάλλιον αὐτοῖς 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 410d; compare ὥστε 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 1.2: with words implying comparison, ὀλίγοι ἐσμὲν ὡς ἐγκρατεῖς εἶναι αὐτῶν)] too few to.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 4.5.15, γραῦς εἶ, ὦ Ἐλπινίκη, ὡς τηλικαῦτα διαπράττεσθαι πράγματα)] too old to.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Stesimbrotus Historicus 5J.)]
B.III.3 ὡς is sometimes omitted where the antecedent demonstrative is expressed, οὕτω ἰσχυραί, μόγις ἂν διαρρήξειας so strong, you could hardly break them, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.12; ῥώμη σώματος τοιήδε, ἀεθλοφόροι τε ἀμφότεροι ἦσαν [prev. author] 1.31.)]
B.IV Causal, inasmuch as, since, τί ποτε λέγεις, ὦ τέκνο; ὡς οὐ μανθάνω [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 914, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 843, 1077, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 278: with _optative_, μὴ καὶ λάθῃ με προσπεσών· ὡς μᾶλλον ἂν ἕλοιτο μ᾽ ἢ τοὺς πάντας Ἀργείους λαβεῖν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 46.)]
B.IV.2 on the ground that.., with future indicative, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 30.27.)]
C ὡς before
C.I Participles;
C.II Prepositions; and
C.III ὡς itself as a Preposition.
C.IV with Participles in the case of the Subject, to mark the reason or motive of the action, as if, as, ὡς οὐκ ἀΐοντι ἐοικώς [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.430 (see. infr. G))]; ἀγανακτοῦσιν ὡς μεγάλων τινῶν ἀπεστερημένοι (i. e. ἡγούμενοι μεγάλων τινῶν ἀπεστερῆσθαι), [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 329a)]: most frequently with participle future, διαβαίνει.., ὡς ἀμήσων τὸν σῖτον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.28, compare 91; παρεσκευάζοντο ὡς πολεμήσοντες 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.7, etc.; δηλοῖς ὥς τι σημανῶν νέον 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 242; ὡς τεθνήξων ἴσθι νυνί 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 325 (troch.): in questions, παρὰ Πρωταγόραν νῦν ἐπιχειρεῖς ἰέναι, ὡς παρὰ τίνα ἀφιξόμενο; 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 311b; ὡς τί δὴ θέλω; 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Taurica” 557)]; with verbs of knowing, ἐπιστάσθω Κροῖσος ὡς ὕστερον.. ἁλοὺς τῆς πεπρωμένης [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.91)]; ὡς μὴ 'μπολήσων ἴσθι.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 1063.)]
C.IV.2 with Participles in oblique cases, λέγουσιν ἡμᾶς ὡς ὀλωλότας they speak of us as dead, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 672; ὡς μηδὲν εἰδότ᾽ ἴσθι μ᾽ ὧν ἀνιστορεῖς 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 253; τὸν ἐκβαίνοντα κολάζουσιν ὡς παρανομοῦντα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 338e; ἵνα μὴ ἀγανακτῇ ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ ὡς δεινὰ πάσχοντος [prev. author] “Phd.” 115e, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.85, 9.54; νῦν δέ σου τὰ ἔργα φανερὰ γεγένηται οὐχ ὡς ἀνιωμένου ἀλλ᾽ ὡς ἡδομένου τοῖς γιγνομένοις 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 12.32; κτύπος φωτὸς ὡς τειρομένου [του] 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 202 (Lyric poetry))]; ἐν ὀλιγωρίᾳ ἐποιοῦντο, ὡς, ὅταν ἐξέλθωσιν, ἢ οὐχ ὑπομενοῦντας σφᾶς ἢ ῥᾳδίως ληψόμενοι βίᾳ made light of the matter, in the belief that.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.5.)]—Both constructions in one sentence, τοὺς κόσμους εἴασε χαίρειν ὡς ἀλλοτρίους τε ὄντας καὶ πλέον θάτερον ἡγησάμενος ἀπεργάζεσθαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 114e, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.5.9.)]
C.IV.3 with Parts. put absolutely in genitive, νῦν δέ, ὡς οὕτω ἐχόντων, στρατιὴν ἐκπέμπετε [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.144)]; ἐρώτα ὅτι βούλει, ὡς τἀληθῆ ἐροῦντος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.1.9; ὡς ὧδ᾽ ἐχόντων τῶνδ᾽ ἐπίστασθαί σε χρή 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 281, compare 904, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 760, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 1311, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.15, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.3.6)]: so also in accusative, μισθὸν αἰτοῦσιν, ὡς οὐχὶ αὐτοῖσιν ὠφελίαν ἐσομένην ἐκ τοῦ ἄρχειν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 345e, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 1461)]: with both cases in one sentence, ὡς καὶ τῶν Ἀθηναίων προσδοκίμων ὄντων ἄλλῃ στρατιᾷ καὶ.. διαπεπολεμησόμενον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.25, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 604b.)]
C.II ὡς before Preps., ἀνήγοντο ὡς ἐπὶ ναυμαχίαν (variant{-ίᾳ}) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.48, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.1.22; φρύγανα συλλέγοντες ὡς ἐπὶ πῦρ [prev. author] “An.” 4.3.11)]; κατέλαβε τὴν ἀκρόπολιν ὡς ἐπὶ τυραννίδι, expressing the purpose, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.126; ἀπέπλεον.. ὡς ἐς τὰς Ἀθήνας [prev. author] 6.61; πλεῖς ὡς πρὸς οἶκον 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 58; τὸ βούλευμ᾽ ὡς ἐπ᾽ Ἀργείοις τόδ᾽ ἦν [prev. author] “Aj.” 44: in these passages ὡς)] marks an intention; not so in the following: ἀπαγγέλλετε τῇ μητρὶ [χαίρειν] ὡς παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.7.28; also ὡς ἀπὸ τῆς πομπῆς 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 327c; ὡς ἐκ κακῶν ἐχάρη 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.101.)]
C.II.b later, in geographical expressions, of direction, προϊών, ὡς ἐπὶ τὸν Πηνειόν [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Strabo Geographus 9.5.8, compare 13.1.22; ὡς πρὸς ἕω βλέπων [prev. author] 8.6.1, compare 7.6.2)]; ὡς εἰς Φηραίαν (to be read Ἡραίαν) ἰόντων [Refs ([prev. author] 8.3.32.)]
C.III ὡς as a preposition, properly in cases where the object is a person, not a place: once in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, ὡς αἰεὶ τὸν ὁμοῖον ἄγει θεὸς ὡς τὸν ὁμοῖον 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 17.218)] (variant{ἐς τὸν ὁμοῖον},compare αἶνος Ὁμηρικός, αἰὲν ὁμοῖον ὡς θεός.. ἐς τὸν ὁμοῖον ἄγει [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Aetia” 1.1.10)]; ἔρχεται.. ἕκαστον τὸ ὅμοιον ὡς τὸ ὅ., τὸ πυκνὸν ὡς τὸ πυκνόν κτλ. (with variant{ἐς}) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ φύσιος παιδίου” 17), but possibly ὡς.. ὥς)] as.. so, in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” [same place]; also in 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus, ἐσελθεῖν ὡς τὴν θυγατέρα 2.121)].έ: frequently in Attic dialect, ὡς Ἆγιν ἐπρεσβεύσαντο [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.5, etc.; ἀφίκετο ὡς Περδίκκαν καὶ ἐς τὴν Χαλκιδικήν [prev. author] 4.79; ἀπέπλευσαν ἐς Φώκαιαν.. ὡς Ἀστύοχον [prev. author] 8.31)]; ναῦς ἐς τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον ὡς Φαρνάβαζον ἀποπέμπειν [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 39; ὡς ἐκεῖνον πλέομεν ὥσπερ πρὸς δεσπότην 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 4.121)]; the examples of ὡς with names of places are corrupt, e.g. ὡς τὴν Μίλητον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.36 (ἐς codex Vat.))]; ὡς Ἄβυδον one Ms. in [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 8.103; ὡς τὸ πρόσθεν 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 242: in 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1481 ὡς τὰς ἀδελφὰς.. τὰς ἐμὰς χέρας)] is equivalent to ὡς ἐμὲ τὸν ἀδελφό; in [Refs ([prev. author] “Tr.” 366 δόμους ὡς τούσδε house = household.)]
D ὡς in independent sentences:
D.I as an exclamation, how, mostly with adverbs and adjectives, ὡς ἄνοον κραδίην ἔχες how silly a heart hadst thou! [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.441)]; ὡς ἀγαθὸν καὶ παῖδα λιπέσθαι how good is it.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.196, compare 24.194; φρονεῖν ὡς δεινόν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 316)]; ὡς ἀστεῖος ὁ ἄνθρωπος how charming he is! [LXX+5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 116d; ὡς ἐμεγαλύνθη τὰ ἔργα σου, Κύριε LXX.Psa.91(92).6, 103(104).24)]; in indirect clauses, ἐθαύμασα τοῦτο, ὡς ἡδέως.. ἀπεδέξατο marvelled at seeing how.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 89a.)]
D.I.2 with Verbs, ὥς μοι δέχεται κακὸν ἐκ κακοῦ αἰεί how constantly.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.290, compare 21.273)]; ὡς οὐκ ἔστι χάρις μετόπισθ᾽ εὐεργέων how little thanks remain! [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 22.319)]; ὡς ὄχλος νιν.. ἀμφέπει see how.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 148)]; ὡς ὑπερδέδοικά σου how greatly.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 82; so perhaps ὡς οἰμώξεται 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 279; ὡς ἅπανθ᾽ ὑμῖν τυραννίς ἐστι [prev. author] “V.” 488 (troch.).)]
D.II to mark a wish, oh that! with optative alone, ὡς ἔρις.. ἀπόλοιτο [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.107; ὡς ἀπόλοιτο καὶ ἄλλος 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.47, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 126 (Lyric poetry))]; also ὡς ἄν or κε with optative, ὡς ἂν ἔπειτ᾽ ἀπὸ σεῖο οὐκ ἐθέλοιμι λείπεσθαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.444; ὥς κέ οἱ αὖθι γαῖα χάνοι 6.281.)]
D.II.2 joined with other words of wishing, ὡς ὤφελες αὐτόθ᾽ ὀλέσθαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (3.428; ὡς δὴ μὴ ὄφελον νικᾶν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.548.)]
E ὡς with numerals marks that they are to be taken only as a round number, as it were, about, nearly, σὺν ἀνθρώποις ὡς εἴκοσι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 3.3.5)]; also ὡς πέντε μάλιστά κῃ about five (see. μάλα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (111.5), 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.30)]:—also with words compounded with numerals, δέπας.. ὡς τριλάγυνον [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Stesichorus Lyricus 7)]; παῖς ὡς ἑπτέτης of some seven years, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 471c; δρέπανα ὡς διπήχη 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 6.1.30, compare “An.” 5.4.12; compare ὡσεί 111.)]
F ὡς in some elliptical (or apparently elliptical) phrases:
F.1 ὡς τί δὴ τόδε (i.e. γένηται); to what end? [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 796 (troch.); compare ἵνα 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 11.3c.)]
F.2 know that (i.e. ἴσθι), ὡς ἔστιν ἀνδρὸς τοῦδε τἄργα ταῦτά σοι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 39; ὡς τοῦτό γ᾽ ἔρξας δύο φέρει δωρήματα [prev. author] “Ph.” 117; ὡς τῆσδ᾽ ἑκοῦσα παιδὸς οὐ μεθήσομαι 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 400, compare “Med.” 609, “Ph.” 720; ὡς τάχ᾽ οὐκέθ᾽ αἱματηρὸν.. ἀργήσει ξίφος [prev. work] 625 (troch.))]; so in Comedy texts, ὡς ἔστ᾽ ἐν ἡμῖν τῆς πόλεως τὰ πράγματα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Lysistrata” 32, compare 499 (_anapaest meter_), “Ach.” 333 (troch.), “Nu.” 209; also ἀλλ᾽ ὡς ἀπὸ τοῦ τείχους πάρεστιν ἄγγελος οὐδείς [prev. author] “Av.” 1119.)]
F.3 ὡς ἕκαστος, ἕκαστοι, each severally (whether in respect of time, place, or other difference), ξυνελέγοντο.. Κορίνθιοι δισχίιοι ὁπλῖται, οἱ δ᾽ ἄλλοι ὡς ἕκαστοι, Φλειάσιοι δὲ πανστρατιᾷ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.57, compare 1.107, 113)]; πρώτη τε αὕτη πόλις ξυμμαχὶς παρὰ τὸ καθεστηκὸς ἐδουλώθη, ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ὡς ἑκάστη [ξυνέβη] (ξ. secl. Krüger: ἀπὸ κοινοῦ ἐδουλώθη [Refs (Scholia [same place]) [prev. author] 1.98; ἄλλοι τε παριόντες ἐγκλήματα ἐποιοῦντο ὡς ἕκαστοι [prev. work] 67, compare 7.65)]; χρησμολόγοι τε ᾖδον χρησμοὺς παντοίους, ὧν ἀκροᾶσθαι ὡς ἕκαστος ὥρμητο, i. e. different persons ran to listen to different prophecies, [Refs ([prev. author] 2.21)]; τὰς ἄλλας ὡς ἑκάστην ποι ἐκπεπτωκυῖαν ἀναδησάμενοι ἐκόμιζον ἐς τὴν πόλιν they made fast to the rest wherever each (ship) had been run ashore, [Refs ([prev. author] 7.74)]; οἱ δ᾽ οὖν ὡς ἕκαστοι Ἕλληνες κατὰ πόλεις τε ὅσοι ἀλλήλων ξυνίεσαν καὶ ξύμπαντες ὕστερον κληθέντες οὐδὲν πρὸ τῶν Τρωικῶν.. ἁθρόοι ἔπραξαν the various peoples that were later called by the common name of Greeks, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 1.3; ὡς ἑκάστῳ ἔργον προστάσσων 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.114)]; ὡς ἑκάστην (one by one) αἱρέοντες (i.e. τὰς νήσους) οἱ βάρβαροι ἐσαγήνευον τοὺς ἀνθρώπους [Refs 2nd c.AD+ ([prev. author] 6.31, compare 79; ὡς ἑκασταχόσε 2nd-3rd c.AD: Dio Cassius Historicus 41.9, +others)]; rarely with a Verb, ὡς ἕκαστος ἀπικνέοιτο [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.29, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.2: later ὡς)] follows ἕκαστος, ἑκάστῳ ὡς ὁ Θεὸς ἐμέρισεν μέτρον πίστεως [NT (NT.Rom.12.3)]:—for the etymology see infr. H; also ὡς ἑκάτεροι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.74 (see. infr. H).)]
G ὡς pleonastic in ὡς ὅτι [NT+8th c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis 9.14, NT.2Cor.11.21, Scholia A 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.264, 129, 396, 3.280, “Anthologia Graeca” 9.530, uncertain reading in 1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Strabo Geographus 15.1.57.)]
H Etymology: this word is in origin five distinct words: [Refs ((1) ὡς ')]as' is the adverb from the Relat. ὅς (I.-[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus)] stem yo-); with ὡς βέλτιστος cf. Sanskrit yācchrē[snull][tnull]á[hudot] 'the best possible': (2) ὧς 'thus' is the adverb of a Demonstr. stem so- found in Sanskrit sa, Gr. ὁ, Latin sō-c ([Refs (“Corpus Glossariorum Latinorum”)]; = ita, cf. Umbr. esoc); (3) ὡς postpositive (ὄρνιθες ὥς, etc.) constantly makes a preceding short closed syllable long in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)], and must therefore have been ϝω; it may perhaps be related to Sanskrit vā, a form of va, iva (= [Refs ((1) or (2))]like), Latin ve, Gr. ἦ[ϝ] ; [Refs ((4) ὡς preposition ')]to' is of doubtful origin (perhaps from *ὠς, cognate with Latin ōs 'face', Sanskrit ās: ὤς τινα ἐλθεῖν like{τί δέ δε φρένας ἵκετο πένθος};); (5) ὡς F. 3 is probably ϝως, adverb of ϝός the reflexive adjective, and means literal in his (their) own way (or place); it is idiomatically placed before ἕκαστος (ἑκάτερος),compare ϝὸν ϝεκάτερος [Refs (“Leg.Gort.” 1.18.)]